Method for improving emergence quality of underground buds of perennial root sugarcane after mechanical harvesting

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the emergence quality of underground buds of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention discloses a method for improving the seedling emergence quality of underground buds of mechanically harvested ratoon sugarcanes. The method mainly comprises the following steps: performing 1: 1 scientific matching and mixed planting on two varieties which are consistent in ripening stage and complementary in character in a sugarcane planting stage; after the sugarcane is mechanically harvested, stump shoveling operation is conducted on the sugarcane, sugarcane leaves fermented through aspergillus oryzae and the sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner are applied to the two sides of the sugarcane stump through a sugarcane ridge breaking and stump loosening machine, then soil covering and film covering are conducted, underground bud germination and seedling quality of the ratoon sugarcane can be effectively promoted, and the continuous and stable yield of the ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in my country and also a perennial perennial crop. Sugarcane has a long growth cycle, large biomass, and many production processes. The harvesting process is labor-intensive and has high production costs, which restricts the high-quality development of the sugarcane industry. Realizing mechanized sugarcane harvesting is an important way to reduce sugarcane labor costs and improve sugarcane planting benefits. Perennial sugarcane production management is an important link in sugarcane production. The area of ​​perennial sugarcane in my country accounts for two-thirds of the total sugarcane planting area. The emergence of underground buds of perennial sugarcane directly affects the total sugarcane production in the following year. Once a new sugarcane planted abroad is planted, perennial roots can be harvested continuously for 5 to 7 years. However, due to poor soil site conditions and extensive management in my country's sugarcane areas, the perennial root period only lasts for 2 to 3 years before re-tillage is required, increasing planting production costs.

[0003] During the mechanized harvesting of sugarcane, due to differences in sugarcane varieties, incompatible agricultural machinery and agronomy, unskilled and irregular operation of the machine operators, etc., the sugarcane stumps are damaged and the soil in the sugarcane field is compacted, resulting in poor emergence of underground buds of sugarcane perennials, missing ponds and broken ridges, and reduced perennial yields in the following year. The existing technical measures to solve the problems of missing ponds and broken ridges of perennial sugarcane are mainly aimed at transplanting and replanting healthy rooted sugarcane seedlings under the planting mode of a single sugarcane variety in the same sugarcane field, thereby solving the problems of missing ponds and broken ridges of perennial sugarcane. However, seedling cultivation, replanting and transplanting management are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and cannot be applied on a large scale in production at present. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the impact of mechanical harvesting on the germination of underground buds of perennial sugarcane is the key to ensuring that there are no missing ponds and broken ridges of perennial sugarcane and no continuous reduction in yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of the emergence quality of underground buds of perennial sugarcane after mechanized harvesting during sugarcane planting, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving the emergence quality of underground buds of perennial sugarcane after mechanized harvesting. The method can promote the germination of underground buds of mechanized harvested perennial sugarcane and the growth of root system, improve the tillage layer structure of perennial sugarcane soil, enhance soil permeability, and improve the emergence quality of underground buds of perennial sugarcane under mechanized harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) When planting sugarcane, two sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period and complementary characteristics are planted together in a 1:1 ratio.

[0006] (2) After sugarcane harvesting, remove the high sugarcane stumps from the previous season. Remove the stumps 3 to 5 cm deep into the soil, leaving 5 to 10 cm of stumps underground.

[0007] (3) Mix the organic fertilizer made from sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, pesticide and chemical fertilizer and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stump.

[0008] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae in step (3) is: crushing the sugarcane leaves and soaking them with water, adding Aspergillus oryzae, wherein the amount of Aspergillus oryzae added is 10% to 15% of the mass of the sugarcane leaves, and fermenting them in a cool and ventilated place for 7 to 15 days, and turning them every day during the fermentation process.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the biochar conditioner in step (3) is: crush the air-dried sugarcane leaves into small segments of 1 to 2 cm and then fill them into a carbonization furnace, and maintain the furnace temperature at 450°C ± 10°C for 4 hours under high temperature anaerobic conditions to obtain the biochar conditioner.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200-300 kg per mu, and the mass ratio of the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae to the biochar conditioner is 1:1.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of fertilizer used is 100 kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide used is 3 kg per mu.

[0013] Preferably, the compound fertilizer used in step (3) is a complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (the mass ratio of N:P:K is 15:15:15).

[0014] Preferably, the insecticide in step (3) is a mixture of thiamethoxam with a mass concentration of 1% and insecticide monochlorfon with a mass concentration of 9% in any proportion.

[0015] The same maturity period refers to the same early-maturing varieties or the same mid-late-maturing varieties;

[0016] Uniform growth means that seedling, tillering, jointing and plant height are relatively consistent;

[0017] Trait complementarity refers to differences in perennial rooting, lodging resistance and leafing resistance. For example, varieties with strong perennial rooting and varieties with weak perennial rooting are complementary in traits.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0019] (1) The present invention aims to solve the problems of soil compaction, poor permeability, damage to perennial sugarcane stumps, and poor seedling quality caused by machine operation in sugarcane fields. In the sugarcane planting stage, two varieties with different genotypes and complementary traits are mixed to reduce the adverse effects of mechanical harvesting on the germination of underground buds of single variety perennial sugarcane.

[0020] (2) After mechanical harvesting, organic fertilizer made from sugarcane leaves fermented with Aspergillus oryzae was applied to the original stumps, and a 1:1 sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner was added. This method can effectively promote the germination and rooting of underground buds of perennial sugarcane while retaining water and fertilizer. In addition, this method effectively utilized sugarcane leaves that were originally waste, thus achieving effective utilization of resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. However, the following embodiments are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the present invention are conventional commercially available raw materials.

[0023] Prepare before conducting the experiment

[0024] (1) preparing fermented sugarcane leaves, specifically as follows: crushing the sugarcane leaves and soaking them in water, adding Aspergillus oryzae, the amount of Aspergillus oryzae added is 12% of the weight of the sugarcane leaves, fermenting in a cool and ventilated place for 10 days, turning the sugarcane leaves every day during the fermentation period, and finally obtaining sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae.

[0025] (2) Preparation of sugarcane leaf biochar conditioner: The discarded sugarcane leaves were naturally air-dried and then crushed into 1-2 cm small pieces and filled into a carbonization furnace for thermal cracking to generate biochar under high temperature anaerobic conditions (furnace temperature 450°C ± 10°C maintained for 4 hours).

[0026] Variety A described in the embodiment is Yunzhe 05-51, which has medium to large stems, early maturity, high yield and high sugar content, is easy to shed leaves, has strong drought resistance, has thin heels, and is easy to lodging in paddy fields.

[0027] The variety B described in the embodiment is Yuetang 93-159, which has medium to large stems, early maturity, high yield and high sugar content, weak drought resistance, thick roots, and is not easy to lodging in paddy fields.

[0028] The fertilizer used in all the embodiments is a complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of N:P:K is 15:15:15, which can be purchased through conventional commercial channels.

[0029] The pesticides used in all the examples are prepared by mixing 1% thiamethoxam by mass and 9% chlorpyrifos by mass in any proportion, wherein thiamethoxam and chlorpyrifos can be purchased through conventional commercial channels.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Using a cutting-seed sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu. Mix varieties A and B in a 1:1 ratio.

[0033] (2) Shoveling operation: Use a sugarcane shovel machine to remove the high-positioned sugarcane stumps of the previous season. Shoveling operation should be carried out 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stumps underground, removing apical dominance and promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of deep roots of sugarcane.

[0034] (3) Ridge breaking and stump loosening for fertilizer and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break ridges 20 cm along both sides of the sugarcane stumps, form a loose ditch about 10 cm wide on the outside of the planting row, and loosen the stumps to a depth of 25 cm. Mix the organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stumps. The amount of organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200 kg per mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100 kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3 kg per mu.

[0035] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Using a cutting-seed sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, planting variety A.

[0039] (2) Shoveling operation: Use a sugarcane shovel machine to remove the high-positioned sugarcane stumps of the previous season. Shoveling operation should be carried out 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stumps underground, removing apical dominance and promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of deep roots of sugarcane.

[0040] (3) Ridge breaking and stump loosening for fertilizer and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break ridges 20 cm on both sides of the sugarcane stumps, form a loose ditch about 10 cm wide on the outside of the planting row, and loosen the stumps to a depth of 25 cm. Mix the fertilizer and pesticide and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stumps. The fertilizer dosage is 100 kg per mu and the pesticide dosage is 3 kg per mu.

[0041] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) Using a cutting-seed sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, planting variety A.

[0045] (2) Shoveling operation: Use a sugarcane shovel machine to remove the high-positioned sugarcane stumps of the previous season. Shoveling operation should be carried out 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stumps underground, removing apical dominance and promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of deep roots of sugarcane.

[0046] (3) Ridge breaking and stump loosening for fertilizer and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break ridges 20 cm along both sides of the sugarcane stumps, form a loose ditch about 10 cm wide on the outside of the planting row, and loosen the stumps to a depth of 25 cm. Mix the organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stumps. The amount of organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200 kg per mu, the amount of biochar conditioner is 200 kg per mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100 kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3 k per mu.

[0047] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0048] Comparative Example 3

[0049] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Using a cutting-seed sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, planting variety B.

[0051] (2) Shoveling operation: Use a sugarcane shovel machine to remove the high-positioned sugarcane stumps of the previous season. Shoveling operation should be carried out 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stumps underground, removing apical dominance and promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of deep roots of sugarcane.

[0052] (3) Ridge breaking and stump loosening for fertilizer and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break ridges 20 cm along both sides of the sugarcane stumps, form a loose ditch about 10 cm wide on the outside of the planting row, and loosen the stumps to a depth of 25 cm. Mix the fertilizer and pesticide evenly and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stumps. The amount of fertilizer is 100 kg per mu and the amount of pesticide is 3 kg per mu.

[0053] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0054] Comparative Example 4

[0055] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of mechanically harvested ratoon sugarcane, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Using a cutting-seed sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu, planting variety B.

[0057] (2) Shoveling operation: Use a sugarcane shovel machine to remove the high-positioned sugarcane stumps of the previous season. Shoveling operation should be carried out 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stumps underground, removing apical dominance and promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of deep roots of sugarcane.

[0058] (3) Ridge breaking and stump loosening for fertilizer and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break ridges 20 cm along both sides of the sugarcane stumps, form a loose ditch about 10 cm wide on the outside of the planting row, and loosen the stumps to a depth of 25 cm. Mix the organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stumps. The amount of organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200 kg per mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 100 kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide is 3 kg per mu.

[0059] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0060] Comparative Example 5

[0061] A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) Using a cutting-seed sugarcane planter and a pre-cutting sugarcane planter, dig furrows with a row spacing of 1.2m to 1.5m, a furrow depth of 30 to 40cm, a furrow bottom width of 15 to 25cm, and plant 7,000 buds per mu. Mix varieties A and B in a 1:1 ratio.

[0063] (2) Shoveling operation: Use a sugarcane shovel machine to remove the high-positioned sugarcane stumps of the previous season. Shoveling operation should be carried out 3cm to 5cm into the soil, leaving 5cm to 10cm of sugarcane stumps underground, removing apical dominance and promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of deep roots of sugarcane.

[0064] (3) Ridge breaking and stump loosening for fertilizer and pesticide application: Use sugarcane ridge breaking equipment to break ridges 20 cm on both sides of the sugarcane stumps, form a loose ditch about 10 cm wide on the outside of the planting row, and loosen the stumps to a depth of 25 cm. Mix the fertilizer and pesticide and apply them to both sides of the sugarcane stumps. The fertilizer dosage is 100 kg per mu, and the pesticide dosage is 3 kg per mu.

[0065] (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

[0066] The emergence and yield characteristics of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting in Example 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1 Statistics of seedling emergence and yield characteristics of ratoon sugarcane in paddy fields under mechanical harvesting

[0068]

[0069] From the statistical data in Table 1, it can be seen that without applying the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer and biochar conditioner fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, the underground bud germination of the two varieties with complementary traits is increased by about 5% compared with the single variety planting mode, and the sugarcane stem yield has a small increase. After applying the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer and biochar conditioner fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, the underground bud germination of the two varieties with complementary traits is increased by about 10% compared with the single variety planting mode, and the sugarcane stem yield per mu increases by about 2 tons. Therefore, the method of the present invention can not only effectively improve the emergence rate of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, but also effectively improve the per mu yield of sugarcane.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) When planting sugarcane, two sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period and complementary characteristics should be planted in a 1:1 ratio; (2) After sugarcane harvesting, remove the high sugarcane stumps from the previous season. Remove the stumps 3 to 5 cm deep into the soil, leaving 5 to 10 cm of stumps underground. (3) Mixing the organic fertilizer of sugarcane leaves fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, biochar conditioner, pesticide and chemical fertilizer and applying them to both sides of the sugarcane stump; (4) Soil and film covering: After fertilization and pesticide application, the soil should be covered at one time, with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. After covering the soil, biodegradable mulch film should be used for full coverage.

2. The method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae in step (3) is as follows: crush the sugarcane leaves and soak them with water, add Aspergillus oryzae, the amount of Aspergillus oryzae added is 10% to 15% of the mass of the sugarcane leaves, ferment in a cool and ventilated place for 7 to 15 days, and stir the leaves every day during the fermentation process.

3. The method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the biochar conditioner in step (3) is as follows: air-dried sugarcane leaves are crushed into small segments of 1 to 2 cm and then filled into a carbonization furnace. Under high temperature anaerobic conditions, the furnace temperature is maintained at 450°C ± 10°C for 4 hours to obtain the biochar conditioner.

4. The method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae is 200-300 kg per mu, and the mass ratio of the sugarcane leaf organic fertilizer fermented by Aspergillus oryzae to the biochar conditioner is 1:

1.

5. The method for improving the quality of underground bud emergence of ratoon sugarcane after mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of fertilizer used is 100 kg per mu, and the amount of pesticide used is 3 kg per mu.

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