Preparation method and application of soapberry leaf extract

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extracts.The preparation method comprises the steps that soapberry leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate are evenly mixed and sterilized to serve as fermentation ingredients, aspergillus niger is inoculated for solid fermentation, spores are separated after fermentation is completed, and the soapberry leaf extract is obtained; preparing spore powder and a pretreatment material; the pretreated material is subjected to countercurrent extraction, purification and concentration, and the soapberry leaf extract is obtained. The soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material to prepare medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products. The solid fermentation technology is adopted for pretreatment, the production scale is large, the yield is high, other reagents do not need to be consumed, cost is low, operation is easy, and the method is suitable for industrialization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and in particular to a preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract. Background Art

[0002] Soapberry is a deciduous tree of the Sapindaceae family distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. It is a traditional cleaning and medicinal plant in my country. Its roots, bark, leaves, peels, seeds, etc. can all be used as medicine. The main active ingredients of Soapberry are triterpenoid saponins and sesquiterpenoid glycosides. They all have strong surface activity and are natural non-ionic surfactants. They can be used as natural surfactants in natural cleaning products. In addition, they have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and insecticidal effects. Soapberry is the plant with the highest saponin content known to date. Its saponins are mainly found in the peel, followed by flowers and leaves.

[0003] At present, the main part of soapberry is the fruit, and people have little research and utilization on other organs, especially the leaves, which are large in quantity and renewable, and the research on extracting saponins from them is even rarer, resulting in a huge waste of resources. Therefore, developing a process for extracting total saponins from soapberry leaves has great practical significance and good application prospects for improving the economic value of soapberry.

[0004] There are many methods for separating and purifying soapberry saponins in the prior art, including water extraction and alcohol precipitation, organic solvent extraction, enzymatic extraction, macroporous resin method, and microbial liquid fermentation method. Among them, water extraction and alcohol precipitation is the most commonly used, but the yield and purity of the obtained saponins are not high. However, some macromolecular substances that are difficult to remove by physical and chemical methods can be decomposed by microorganisms, and the effect is very significant. In addition, the purity of the product obtained by the microbial fermentation method is relatively higher than that of the product obtained by the conventional water extraction method.

[0005] Among them, the Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN116173548 A discloses a method for extracting soapberry saponins with a supramolecular solvent, comprising dissolving an amphiphile in ethanol or acetonitrile, adding water, vortexing, centrifuging, and taking the upper phase to obtain a supramolecular solvent; drying and crushing the soapberry, adding a supramolecular solvent and cellulase, and using an electric field-mediated superdynamic crushing composite supramolecular solvent treatment method to screen out a superior supramolecular solvent suitable for industrial extraction of soapberry saponins. The invention can increase the extraction rate of soapberry saponins to about 95% in a short period of time; however, the supramolecular solvent is a chemical reagent, which has the risk of low safety and environmental protection factors.

[0006] The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN105434234 A discloses a pure natural plant cleaning agent and preparation method. The raw materials in the invention include 4 to 8 parts of soapberry, 1 to 3 parts of saponin, and 1 to 3 parts of tea dregs by weight. The preparation is mainly carried out through the steps of drying, crushing, repeated enzymatic extraction, water extraction, and clarification. The invention uses enzymatic technology to promote the release and conversion of effective ingredients to obtain a natural plant extract rich in plant saponins and nutritional trace elements, but the enzymatic process is relatively costly during the industrialization process.

[0007] The Chinese invention patent application with the publication number CN104804880 A discloses a method for preparing a natural detergent by fermenting soapberry peel with microorganisms. The main process steps are to crush the soapberry peel after high temperature drying and add deionized water to extract for 1 to 24 hours at a suitable temperature. The inoculation content is 1% to 10% of the domesticated logarithmic phase Bacillus subtilis or yeast in the water extract, and the temperature is controlled and cultured for 2 to 30 days. The microorganisms can degrade the impurities such as sugars, proteins, small molecular pectins and cellulose in the water extract to obtain saponins with higher purity. However, the invention uses soapberry peel as a raw material for water extraction first, and the water extract is purified by liquid fermentation. The purity of saponins is improved but the yield is not high. Secondly, the liquid fermentation control conditions are relatively strict. If the fermentation conditions are not well controlled, the saponins in the extract will be used by microorganisms, and the content will be reduced instead; the most important thing is that the liquid fermentation scale is small and the cost is high, so the industrialization degree of this method is low.

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention utilizes a novel solid fermentation as a pretreatment, and then adopts a countercurrent extraction technology to extract saponin components from soapberry leaves, thereby developing an environmentally friendly, efficient, economical, high-value-added, and highly industrialized extraction technology, which lays a solid foundation for the industrial production of soapberry saponins. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract, which utilizes a novel solid fermentation as a pretreatment, and then adopts a countercurrent extraction technology to extract saponin components from the soapberry leaves, thereby developing an environmentally friendly, efficient, economical, high-value-added, and highly industrialized extraction technology, laying a solid foundation for the industrial production of soapberry saponins.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0011] The invention discloses a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, comprising the steps of taking the soapberry leaf, bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, mixing them evenly, sterilizing them, taking them as fermentation ingredients, inoculating Aspergillus niger for solid fermentation, separating spores after fermentation, obtaining spore powder and pre-treated materials, and extracting, purifying and concentrating the pre-treated materials to obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

[0012] Furthermore, in the fermentation ingredients, the weight ratio of soapberry leaf to bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate is 60-80:5-20:5-20:0.5-2:0.1-1;

[0013] Preferably, the weight ratio of soapberry leaf to bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate is 70-80:10:10:1:0.5; the water content of the fermentation ingredients is 30-45%;

[0014] The soapberry leaves are the leaves of the soapberry from the fruit expansion stage to the leaf fall stage that have been crushed and sieved.

[0015] Furthermore, the wet weight of Aspergillus niger is 15-20%, and the inoculation amount is 10-20%, preferably the inoculation amount is 15-20%.

[0016] Further, the specific process of purification is as follows:

[0017] After the extraction is completed, the obtained extract is filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate;

[0018] The ultrafiltrate is filtered through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate;

[0019] The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation until the solid content reaches 20-25%, and a concentrated solution is obtained.

[0020] Further, the specific process of inoculating Aspergillus niger for solid fermentation and separating spores is as follows:

[0021] Take the fermentation ingredients and spread them flat, inoculate Aspergillus niger on the obtained culture medium, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze after the inoculation, place it in a solid culture box, and culture it at 28-32°C and 68-72% RH for 3-4 days; during the culture process, turn the medium over once;

[0022] After the cultivation is completed, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the hyphae gradually turn into spores. The cultivation is continued for 1 to 3 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are separated and collected to obtain spore powder and the remaining material;

[0023] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold;

[0024] The remaining materials are used as pre-processing materials.

[0025] Further, the extraction is performed by mixing the pretreated material with water for countercurrent extraction;

[0026] The extraction solvent was n-butanol;

[0027] Specifically, the extraction is to add an equal volume of n-butanol to the concentrated solution obtained by separation for extraction, stir for 20 to 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 30 to 50 minutes, take the upper layer of liquid as the extraction liquid, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure, and obtain the soapberry leaf extract.

[0028] Furthermore, during the extraction process, the weight ratio of the pretreated material to water is 1:3-5;

[0029] The temperature of countercurrent extraction is 50-70°C and the time is 2-3h.

[0030] Furthermore, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:

[0031] S1. Grind the leaves of soapberry and pass them through a 50-80 mesh sieve to obtain the crushed leaves;

[0032] S2. Take the crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, add water, mix well to obtain a mixture;

[0033] S3, taking 2-5 kg ​​of the mixture per bag, packing it into bacteria bags, sterilizing it at 110-121°C for 60-120 min, cooling it to room temperature, and obtaining fermentation ingredients;

[0034] S4, transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate, spread it flat with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm, inoculate Aspergillus niger on the obtained culture medium, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze after the inoculation, and then place it in a solid culture box, and culture it at 28 to 32° C. and 68 to 72% RH for 3 to 4 days; during the culture process, turn the material once;

[0035] S5. After culturing for 3 to 4 days, ventilate to reduce humidity, slowly dry the obtained material, and gradually transform the hyphae into spores. Then continue culturing for 1 to 3 days, stop culturing, separate and collect spores, and obtain spore powder and pretreated material.

[0036] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent;

[0037] S6, taking water and pre-treated material, performing countercurrent extraction, and obtaining an extract;

[0038] S7, taking the extract and filtering it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate;

[0039] S8, taking the ultrafiltrate and filtering it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate;

[0040] S9, taking the retentate and performing vacuum rotary evaporation to concentrate, and when the solid content reaches 20-25%, a concentrated solution is obtained;

[0041] S10, taking the concentrated solution and adding an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stirring for 20 to 30 minutes, transferring to a separatory funnel, standing for 30 to 50 minutes, taking the upper layer of liquid as the extract, extracting twice in total, combining the extracts, and evaporating to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain the Sapindus mukorossi leaf extract.

[0042] An application of the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the above preparation method is characterized in that the soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material to prepare medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products.

[0043] Furthermore, the extract of the leaves of the soapberry tree is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or a raw material with antibacterial effect to prepare medicines or cosmetics;

[0044] Among them, the medicine can be made into dosage forms including but not limited to common lotions, gels, ointments, suppositories, tablets, capsules, etc.;

[0045] Cosmetics can be made into cosmetics including but not limited to cosmetics with anti-inflammatory effects, cosmetics with antioxidant effects, cosmetics with whitening effects, etc.;

[0046] Alternatively, the extract of the sapindus mukorossi leaf is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect, a raw material with antibacterial effect or a raw material with decontamination effect to prepare daily necessities;

[0047] Daily necessities can be made into various common cleaning and decontamination products, including but not limited to, such as kitchen wipes, dishwashing liquid, shampoo, facial cleanser, shower gel, etc.;

[0048] Alternatively, the extract of the leaves of the soapberry tree is used as a raw material with antibacterial effect to prepare a disinfectant product;

[0049] Disinfection products can be made into, including but not limited to, various common antibacterial products, sanitary wipes, etc.

[0050] The beneficial effects of the preparation method and application of the soapberry leaf extract of the present invention are:

[0051] The invention uses soapberry leaves as raw materials to extract saponins. Compared with the traditional soapberry peel, the raw material source is wide, regenerates in a short time, is green and environmentally friendly, and improves the economic utilization value of soapberry.

[0052] The pretreatment of the present invention adopts solid fermentation technology, which has large production scale, high yield, no need to consume other reagents, low cost, simple operation, and is suitable for industrialization;

[0053] The Aspergillus niger used in the present invention can produce a large amount of cellulase, pectinase and the like during the fermentation process to promote the release of active ingredients, and the bacteria rarely use saponin as a carbon source, and will not degrade the target product, thereby greatly improving the yield of the product;

[0054] The present invention can produce a large amount of spore powder in the pre-treatment stage and sell it as a composting agent for biological fertilizer, and the solid waste recovered by countercurrent extraction can be sold as biological fertilizer, so the invention has extremely high economic added value;

[0055] In summary, the present invention is an environmentally friendly, efficient, economical, high-value-added, and highly industrialized extraction technology with extremely high promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a liquid phase detection result diagram of the soapberry leaf extract Z1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 is a liquid phase detection result diagram of the soapberry leaf extract Z2 prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 is a liquid phase detection result diagram of the soapberry leaf extract Z3 prepared in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a liquid phase detection result diagram of the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a liquid phase detection result diagram of the ivy saponin standard in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the results of the investigation of the decontamination ability of the extract of the leaves of Sapindus mukorossi in the decontamination ability test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 It is the statistical result of the decontamination rate of each group in the decontamination test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention;

[0064] Fig. 9 This is a graph showing the anti-inflammatory test results of the extract from the leaves of Sapindus mukorossi in the rat anti-inflammatory model test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention;

[0065] Fig.10 It is the statistical result of the ear swelling rate of rats 5 days after administration in the rat anti-inflammatory model test experiment of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0067] Example 1 Preparation method and application of a soapberry leaf extract

[0068] 1. Preparation of Soapberry Leaf Extract

[0069] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract. Figure 1 As shown, the soapberry leaf is crushed, mixed with bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, and sterilized as a fermentation ingredient, and Aspergillus niger is inoculated for solid fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, spores are separated to obtain spore powder and pre-treated material; the pre-treated material is then subjected to countercurrent extraction, purification, and concentration to obtain the soapberry leaf extract; the specific preparation process includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry fruit at the expansion stage, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain crushed leaves.

[0071] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 80:9.5:9.5:0.5:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the resulting mixture 35%.

[0072] S3. Take 2 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 60 minutes, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0073] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 6 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 15% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 15% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0074] S5, after 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 2 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0075] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0076] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0077] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 3:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain an extract.

[0078] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0079] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0080] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 25%.

[0081] S10, take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 30 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z1. The liquid phase detection result is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0082] 2. Application of Soapberry Leaf Extract

[0083] The soapberry leaf extract prepared by the invention can be used as a raw material for preparing medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products.

[0084] Furthermore, the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or antibacterial effect when preparing external medicines, and can be made into dosage forms including but not limited to common lotions, gels, ointments, suppositories, tablets, capsules, etc.

[0085] The soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or a raw material with antibacterial effect when preparing cosmetics, and can be made into cosmetics including but not limited to cosmetics with anti-inflammatory effect, cosmetics with antioxidant effect, cosmetics with whitening effect, etc.

[0086] When daily necessities are prepared, the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect, a raw material with antibacterial effect or a raw material with decontamination effect to be made into various common cleaning and decontamination products including but not limited to kitchen wipes, detergents, shampoos, facial cleansers, shower gels, etc.

[0087] The soapberry leaf extract prepared by the present invention can be used as a raw material with antibacterial effect when preparing disinfection products, and can be made into various common antibacterial products, sanitary wet wipes, etc., including but not limited to.

[0088] Example 2 A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract

[0089] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0090] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry fruit at the ripening stage, and crush them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0091] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 74:5:20:0.6:0.4, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the obtained mixture be 40%.

[0092] S3. Take 3 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 118°C for 60 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0093] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 8 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 20% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 10% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for culturing at 30°C and 70% RH for 3 days. During the culturing process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0094] S5, after 3 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 3 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0095] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0096] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0097] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 4:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain an extract.

[0098] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0099] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0100] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 20%.

[0101] S10, take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 20 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 30 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z2. The liquid phase detection result is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0102] Example 3 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0103] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0104] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, and crush them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0105] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 60:20:18:1:1, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the resulting mixture 45%.

[0106] S3. Take 5 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 121°C for 60 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0107] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 7 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 15% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 4 days at 32°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0108] S5, after 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 2 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0109] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0110] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0111] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain an extract.

[0112] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0113] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0114] S9. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 23%.

[0115] S10, take the concentrate and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z3. The liquid phase detection result is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0116] Example 4 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0117] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0118] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, and crush them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0119] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 70:9:20:0.5:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the obtained mixture be 40%.

[0120] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 120 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0121] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 5 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 20% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0122] S5, after 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 2 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0123] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0124] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0125] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 3:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain an extract.

[0126] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0127] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0128] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 20%.

[0129] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 50 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z4.

[0130] Example 5 A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract

[0131] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0132] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, and crush them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0133] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 73:20:5:2:0.1, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the obtained mixture 35%.

[0134] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 120 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0135] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 10 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 18% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0136] S5, after 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 2 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0137] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0138] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0139] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain an extract.

[0140] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0141] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0142] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 25%.

[0143] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 25 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z5.

[0144] Example 6 Preparation method of a soapberry leaf extract

[0145] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0146] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, and crush them through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0147] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 70:10:10:1:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the resulting mixture 30%.

[0148] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 110° C. for 100 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0149] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 6 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 18% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 15% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 3.5 days at 28°C and 72% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 36 hours.

[0150] S5, after 3.5 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 2 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0151] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0152] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0153] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 50°C for 3 hours to obtain an extract.

[0154] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0155] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0156] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 25%.

[0157] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 25 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 62°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z6.

[0158] Example 7 A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract

[0159] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0160] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period, and crush them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves.

[0161] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 75:10:10:1:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the resulting mixture 45%.

[0162] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into fungus bags, sterilize it at 115° C. for 80 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0163] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 7 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 18% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 18% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 4 days at 32°C and 68% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0164] S5, after 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 1 day, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0165] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0166] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0167] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 5:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 60°C for 2.5 hours to obtain an extract.

[0168] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0169] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0170] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 25%.

[0171] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 25 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 40 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 58°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as Z7.

[0172] Comparative Example 1: A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract

[0173] S1. Collect leaves of soapberry fruit at the expansion stage, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain crushed leaves.

[0174] S2. Add water and crushed leaves in a weight ratio of 3:1 into a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours, and obtain an extract.

[0175] S3. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0176] S3. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain the retentate.

[0177] S4. The retentate is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation, and when the solid content reaches 25%, a concentrated solution is obtained.

[0178] S5. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 30 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice, combine the extracts, evaporate under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as DZ1. The liquid phase detection results are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0179] Comparative Example 2: A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract

[0180] S1. Collect the leaves of soapberry in the deciduous period and crush them through a 60-mesh sieve;

[0181] S2. Take crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate in a weight ratio of 70:26:3:0.5:0.5, add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and make the water content of the obtained mixture 35%.

[0182] S3. Take 2.5 kg of the mixture per bag, pack it into bacteria bags, sterilize it at 115°C for 120 min, cool it to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation ingredients.

[0183] S4. Transfer the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate and spread them flat with a thickness of 5 cm. Inoculate the obtained culture medium with 20% Aspergillus niger fermentation liquid by wet weight of the bacteria and 20% inoculation amount. After the inoculation is completed, cover the surface of the inoculated culture medium with sterile gauze and place it in a solid culture box for 4 days at 30°C and 70% RH. During the culture process, turn the medium over once at 48 hours.

[0184] S5, after 4 days of cultivation, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, and the mycelium is gradually transformed into spores, and then the cultivation is continued for 2 days, and then the cultivation is stopped, and the spores are transferred to a spore collector to collect the spores to obtain spore powder and the remaining materials;

[0185] Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent for biological fertilizer or sold.

[0186] The remaining material is used as pre-treated material for saponin extraction.

[0187] S6. Take water and pretreated material in a weight ratio of 3:1 and add them to a countercurrent extractor, perform countercurrent extraction at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain an extract.

[0188] S7. Take the extract and filter it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in turn to obtain an ultrafiltrate.

[0189] S8. Take the ultrafiltrate and filter it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate.

[0190] S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a concentrated solution when the solid content reaches 20%.

[0191] S10. Take the concentrated solution and add an equal volume of n-butanol for extraction. Stir for 30 minutes, transfer to a separatory funnel, let stand for 50 minutes, take the upper layer as the extract, extract twice in total, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure at 60°C, and obtain the extract of Sapindus mukorossi leaves, which is the saponin sample, marked as DZ2.

[0192] Experimental Example 1 Component Analysis of Sapindus Mukorossi Leaf Extract

[0193] The extracts Z1-Z5 and DZ1-DZ2 prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for total saponin component analysis, wherein the ivy saponin standard was used as the reference (the liquid phase diagram of the ivy saponin standard is as follows Figure 6 The content and transfer rate of total saponins were determined by chromatographic analysis and spectrophotometer. The specific results are as follows:

[0194] Table 1 List of test results of extracts from soapberry leaves

[0195]

[0196] As can be seen from Table 1, the contents of hederagenin and total saponins in the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared in Example 1 are significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1. It can be seen that the same extraction process is used, and whether the leaves of the soapberry are subjected to solid fermentation pretreatment using Aspergillus niger has a significant effect on the contents of hederagenin and total saponins, indicating that the present invention uses Aspergillus niger to carry out solid fermentation treatment of the leaves of the soapberry, which can greatly improve the product yield and transfer rate. At the same time, the contents of hederagenin and total saponins in the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared in Example 4 are significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 2. It can be seen that even if the leaves of the soapberry are subjected to solid fermentation pretreatment under the same conditions using Aspergillus niger, only changing the ratio of the leaves of the soapberry to bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate will also affect the contents of hederagenin and total saponins to a certain extent.

[0197] In summary, it can be seen that the specific preparation method of the present invention can effectively improve the yield and purity of the product.

[0198] Experimental Example 2 Application of Sapindus mukorossi Leaf Extract

[0199] 1. Antibacterial test

[0200] 1) Experimental methods:

[0201] Test basis: "Disinfection Technical Specifications" (2002 edition)

[0202] Test conditions: Test environment temperature 20.1-22.5℃, relative humidity 49-53%RH

[0203] 2) Preparation of antibacterial spray

[0204] According to weight percentage, 10% of the soapberry leaf extract Z1 or DZ1 prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, 0.5% of low-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (viscosity is generally 10-500cps), 5% of glycerol, 2% of propylene glycol, and 82.5% of purified water are prepared into an antibacterial spray (i.e., the soapberry leaf extract Z1 is prepared into the antibacterial spray ZW1, and the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 is prepared into the antibacterial spray DZW1).

[0205] 3) Experimental results

[0206] Antibacterial sprays ZW1 and DZW1 were used for antibacterial experiments. Antibacterial spray DZW1 was used as experimental group 1, and antibacterial spray ZW1 was used as experimental group 2. Microbial inhibition experiments were carried out on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively. The results are shown in the table below.

[0207] Table 2 Antibacterial test results list

[0208]

[0209] Note: Evaluation standard: Technical Specification for Disinfection, 2002 edition; if the antibacterial rate is >50-90%, the product has antibacterial effect; if it is >90%, it has strong antibacterial effect.

[0210] As can be seen from Table 2, the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared by the present invention has a good antibacterial effect, wherein the antibacterial effect of the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared in Example 1 of the present invention Z1 is significantly better than that of the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared in Comparative Example 1 DZ1, indicating that the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared by the specific preparation method of the present invention has a better antibacterial effect than the extract of the leaves of the soapberry prepared by the traditional extraction method. Furthermore, it can also be shown that the extract of the leaves of the soapberry with a higher saponin content has a better antibacterial effect.

[0211] 2. Decontamination ability test

[0212] 1) Experimental Materials

[0213] Soapberry saponin extract, laundry detergent, photoelectric colorimeter, medical gauze

[0214] 2) Experimental methods

[0215] Preparation of surfactants: Take soapberry leaf extract Z1, soapberry leaf extract DZ1 and washing powder as surfactants, and use 250ppm hard water to prepare corresponding washing liquids (i.e. washing powder washing liquid, soapberry leaf extract washing liquid ZX1 prepared from soapberry leaf extract Z1, soapberry leaf extract washing liquid DZX1 prepared from soapberry leaf extract DZ1), each washing liquid contains 0.5% surfactant and is set aside.

[0216] Preparation of oil stain: weigh 10 parts of peanut oil, 10 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of water and 6 parts of caramel color according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly to obtain mixed oil stain, and set aside.

[0217] Preparation of dirty cloth: Take cut white rags (10×10cm), add 5mL of mixed oil to each rag, rub evenly, dry and set aside.

[0218] A photoelectric colorimeter was used to read the whiteness of each dirty cloth surface by the intensity of reflected light. The photoelectric colorimeter was used to read the reflectivity of 5 locations on both sides of each dirty cloth, and the average value was used as the floodlight of the dirty cloth. During the dirty cloth washing process, four groups of washing liquids were used to wash the dirty cloth, among which 250ppm hard water was used as the negative group, washing powder solution was used as the positive group, soapberry leaf extract washing liquid DZX1 was used as experimental group 1, and soapberry leaf extract washing liquid ZX1 was used as experimental group 2. An electric stirrer was used at room temperature at 160r / min. After stirring for 3 minutes, the dirty cloth was taken out and washed twice with tap water. After washing, each piece of dirty cloth was naturally dried, and the whiteness value of the dirty cloth surface was read again using the photoelectric colorimeter. The specific results are shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown.

[0219] Decontamination rate DE = [(R W -R S ) / (R 0 -R S )]×100%

[0220] in,

[0221] R 0 It is the whiteness value of the original white cloth;

[0222] R S It is the whiteness value of the soiled cloth before washing;

[0223] R W It is the whiteness value of the dirty cloth after washing.

[0224] Depend on Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the soapberry leaf extracts prepared by the present invention all have obvious decontamination ability, among which the soapberry leaf extract Z1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention has a significantly better decontamination ability than the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 prepared in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the specific preparation method of the present invention has a stronger decontamination ability than the soapberry leaf extract prepared by the traditional extraction method, and its decontamination ability is basically comparable to that of traditional laundry detergent. Further, it can also be shown that the soapberry leaf extract with a higher saponin content has a stronger decontamination ability.

[0225] 3. Rat Anti-Inflammation Model Test

[0226] 1) Experimental Materials

[0227] Experimental animals: SPF grade rats, weighing 80-100 g, male.

[0228] Reagents: chloral hydrate, distilled water, Propionibacterium acnes, etc.

[0229] Instruments: HD camera, digital thickness gauge, electric hair clipper, etc.

[0230] 2) Preparation of anti-inflammatory acne gel

[0231] According to weight percentage, 2.5% of the soapberry leaf extracts Z1 and DZ1 prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, 2% of medium-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (viscosity is generally 3000-10000 cps), 5% of glycerol, 2% of propylene glycol and 88.5% of purified water were prepared into corresponding anti-inflammatory and anti-acne gels (i.e., the soapberry leaf extract Z1 was prepared into the anti-inflammatory and anti-acne gel ZJ1, and the soapberry leaf extract DZ1 was prepared into the anti-inflammatory and anti-acne gel DZJ1).

[0232] According to weight percentage, 2% of medium-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (usually with a viscosity of 3000-10000 cps), 5% of glycerol, 2% of propylene glycol and 91% of purified water are taken to prepare a blank gel.

[0233] 3) Experimental methods

[0234] 16 rats were randomly divided into 4 drug administration groups, namely blank group, model group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2, with 4 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the rats in the other groups were modeled with acne-induced inflammation models on the inside and outside of the left ear. After the model was successfully established, the corresponding gel was applied to the inside and outside of the left ear of the rats in each drug administration group. The blank group and the model group were applied with blank gel, the experimental group 1 was applied with anti-inflammatory acne gel DZJ1, and the experimental group 2 was applied with anti-inflammatory acne gel ZJ1. They were applied twice a day for 5 consecutive days, and then the thickness of the left and right ears of each experimental animal was measured with a digital thickness gauge, and the thickness difference between the left and right ears of each experimental animal was calculated. The ear swelling rate of the rats and the treatment effect on acne were observed. The specific results are shown in Fig. 9 and Fig.10 .

[0235] Wherein, rat auricle swelling rate (%) = (left ear thickness - right ear thickness) / right ear thickness × 100%

[0236] Depend on Fig. 9 and Fig.10 It can be seen that compared with the model group, the swelling rate of the auricles of the rats in the experimental group 1 decreased, but the swelling rate of the auricles of the rats in the experimental group 2 decreased significantly, the auricle papules and pustules subsided significantly, and the auricles were soft to the touch, which had a good therapeutic effect on inflammation and acne. It shows that the extract of the soapberry leaf prepared by the specific preparation method of the present invention has better anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects than the extract of the soapberry leaf prepared by the traditional extraction method. Further, it can also be shown that the extract of the soapberry leaf with a higher saponin content has better anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects.

[0237] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soapberry leaf extract, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking soapberry leaf blade, bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, mixing them evenly, sterilizing them, taking them as fermentation ingredients, inoculating Aspergillus niger for solid fermentation, separating spores after fermentation, obtaining spore powder and pre-treated material; and extracting, purifying and concentrating the pre-treated material to obtain the soapberry leaf blade extract.

2. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fermentation ingredients, the weight ratio of soapberry leaf blade to bran, cottonseed hull, quicklime and magnesium sulfate is 60-80:5-20:5-20:0.5-2:0.1-1.

3. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The wet weight of Aspergillus niger is 15-20%, and the inoculation amount is 10-20%.

4. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The specific process of purification is as follows: After the extraction is completed, the obtained extract is filtered through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate; The ultrafiltrate is filtered through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate; The retentate is concentrated to obtain a concentrate.

5. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The specific process of inoculating Aspergillus niger for solid fermentation and separating spores is as follows: Take the fermentation ingredients and spread them flatly, inoculate Aspergillus niger on the obtained culture medium, and after the inoculation is completed, culture is carried out; during the culture process, turn the material once; After the cultivation is completed, ventilation is performed to reduce humidity, so that the obtained material is slowly dried, the hyphae are transformed into spores, the cultivation is continued, and then the cultivation is stopped, the spores are separated and collected, and spore powder and the remaining material are obtained; The remaining materials are used as pre-processing materials.

6. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The extraction is to mix the pretreated material with water for countercurrent extraction; The extraction solvent was n-butanol.

7. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the extraction process, the weight ratio of the pretreated material to water is 1:3-5; The temperature of countercurrent extraction is 50-70°C and the time is 2-3h.

8. The method for preparing the soapberry leaf extract according to claim 1, 2 or 7, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: S1. Grind and sieve the leaves of soapberry to obtain crushed leaves; S2. Take the crushed leaves, bran, cottonseed hulls, quicklime and magnesium sulfate, add water, mix well to obtain a mixture; S3, taking the mixture and packaging it, sterilizing it at 110-121° C. for 60-120 min, and cooling it to room temperature to obtain fermentation ingredients; S4, transferring the fermentation ingredients to a solid culture plate, spreading the plate to a thickness of 5 to 10 cm, inoculating Aspergillus niger on the obtained culture medium, and culturing at 28 to 32° C. and 68 to 72% RH for 3 to 4 days; turning the plate once during the culturing process; S5. After culturing for 3 to 4 days, ventilate to reduce humidity, slowly dry the obtained material, and transform the hyphae into spores. Then continue culturing for 1 to 3 days, stop culturing, separate and collect spores, and obtain spore powder and pretreated material. Spore powder can be used directly as a composting agent; S6, taking water and pre-treated material, performing countercurrent extraction, and obtaining an extract; S7, taking the extract and filtering it through a 10000D membrane and a 2500D membrane in sequence to obtain an ultrafiltrate; S8, taking the ultrafiltrate and filtering it through a 150-300D membrane to obtain a retentate; S9, taking the retentate and concentrating it, and when the solid content reaches 20-25%, a concentrated solution is obtained; S10, taking the concentrated solution and adding an equal volume of n-butanol to perform extraction, extracting twice in total, combining the extracts, and evaporating under reduced pressure to obtain the Sapindus mukorossi leaf extract.

9. Use of a soapberry leaf extract prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The soapberry leaf extract is used as a raw material to prepare medicines, cosmetics, daily necessities or disinfection products.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The extract of the leaves of the soapberry tree is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect or a raw material with antibacterial effect to prepare medicines or cosmetics; Alternatively, the extract of the leaves of the soapberry tree is used as a raw material with anti-inflammatory effect, a raw material with antibacterial effect or a raw material with decontamination effect to prepare daily necessities; Alternatively, the extract of the leaves of the soapberry tree is used as a raw material with antibacterial effect to prepare a disinfection product.

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