A method for destroying waste sodium and potassium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hazardous chemical treatment, and specifically discloses a method for destroying waste sodium and potassium, which includes preparing a waste sodium and potassium destruction solution using anhydrous ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether-modified silicone oil, and pouring the waste sodium and potassium into the destruction solution for destruction, which can not only safely destroy the waste sodium and potassium, but also add a modifier polyether-modified silicone oil to ethanol, the role of the modifier is to increase the ignition point and boiling point of ethanol, reduce the risk of high-temperature combustion, prevent ethanol from escaping, and ensure that there is no high temperature, open flame and slow reaction rate during the reaction process. Ethanol and sodium and potassium react to produce sodium ethanolate and hydrogen. The elemental sodium and potassium are heavier than the modifier and sink. In the process of contacting with ethanol, the generated hydrogen escapes through the modifier, preventing the risk of hydrogen accumulation and explosion caused by high temperature. This method does not require the establishment of an equipment system, saving investment costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous chemical treatment, and in particular to a method for destroying waste sodium and potassium. Background Art

[0002] In the production process of the chemical industry, for example, in the synthesis of various chemicals such as medicines, pesticides, dyes, etc., potassium and sodium compounds are often used as raw materials or catalysts. These compounds may enter wastewater or waste residues during the production process, thus forming waste potassium and sodium. Since potassium and sodium are both very active metals, they are very likely to react violently with oxygen and water in the air, and may even cause fires or explosions. At the same time, the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) generated by their reaction with water are both strong alkaline substances with extremely strong corrosiveness. They will not only cause serious harm to the human body, but also have a huge impact on the environment. In order to prevent these potential risks and hazards, waste potassium and sodium must be properly destroyed. The existing destruction methods mainly include the following: (1) combustion method, which can treat up to 50 pounds of waste sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloy at a time; 2) underwater treatment method, which requires the establishment of a special treatment system to heat and melt the waste sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloy, and then drain and spray it into the water at a depth of 10 feet for treatment. The system has the ability to treat 5,000 pounds of waste sodium and sodium-potassium alloy per hour, but it has high requirements for the location and equipment; (3) detonation method, which uses a can to put waste sodium on the water surface and ignite it with a detonator to explode it, but this method has high requirements for equipment and location, and the aerosol generated is also reactive. Once it floats in the air in residential areas, it is easy to cause safety risks; (4) water column spray method, which puts a small amount of waste sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloy in a suitable container and destroys the waste sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloy by spraying a water column; (5) steam method, which uses steam to treat waste sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloy. This method requires the establishment of a boiler system and is relatively expensive. Therefore, the existing destruction methods are either too costly or have safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for destroying waste sodium and potassium to solve the problems of high cost and potential safety hazards in the existing waste sodium and potassium destruction process.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solutions provided are as follows:

[0005] A method for destroying waste sodium and potassium comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: Material preparation: Select an open and well-ventilated location, prepare a 20-30L reaction container, 10-20L anhydrous ethanol, 300-600ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, 300-600ml polyether modified silicone oil, 5kg of waste sodium or waste potassium, and store the waste sodium or waste potassium in a bottle;

[0007] S2: Ingredients: Pour ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil into a reaction container, and mix them according to the proportion of ethanol (97.8%-98.1%), long-chain alkyl silicone oil (1.40%-1.50%), and polyether modified silicone oil (0.45%-0.70%);

[0008] S3: stirring: stirring the ingredients added into the reaction container evenly;

[0009] S4: Feeding: Use toilet paper to absorb the grease on the surface of waste sodium or waste potassium, and then divide it into multiple batches and put it into the reaction container for reaction;

[0010] S5: Observation: The reaction time of the first batch of waste sodium or waste potassium is 5-12 minutes, and no obvious smoke or open flame is observed;

[0011] S6: Re-feeding: After the reaction is completed, if no white salts are precipitated in the reaction container, waste sodium blocks or waste potassium blocks can be added to the container until sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate is precipitated and the solution reaches a saturated state;

[0012] S7: collecting: filtering and collecting the sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate in the reaction container;

[0013] S8: Incineration: Destroy the empty bottles, kerosene, sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate and gloves produced by waste potassium and sodium through incineration equipment.

[0014] The basic principle and beneficial effect of the above technical solution are: adding a modifier polyether modified silicone oil to ethanol, the role of the modifier is to increase the ignition point and boiling point of ethanol, reduce the risk of high temperature combustion, prevent ethanol from escaping, and ensure that there is no high temperature, open flame and slow reaction rate during the reaction process. Ethanol and sodium potassium react to produce sodium ethoxide and hydrogen. The elemental sodium potassium is heavier than the modifier and sinks. In the process of contact with ethanol, the generated hydrogen escapes through the modifier, preventing the risk of hydrogen accumulation and explosion caused by high temperature. This method does not require the establishment of an equipment system, saving investment costs.

[0015] Preferred solution 1: As a further optimization of the basic solution, the reaction container of step S1 is an iron barrel, and an insert ring is provided on the outside of the iron barrel, and a stirring rod is inserted in the insert ring. The iron barrel is cheap, which further saves the cost of destruction and treatment.

[0016] Preferred solution 2: As a further optimization of preferred solution 1, in step S1, 15 L of anhydrous ethanol, 500 ml of long-chain alkyl silicone oil and 500 ml of polyether-modified silicone oil are prepared.

[0017] Preferred solution three: As a further optimization of preferred solution two, the waste sodium or waste potassium in step S4 is placed into the reaction container for reaction in 3-4 batches.

[0018] Preferred solution 4: As a further optimization of preferred solution 3, the reaction time of step S5 is 10 minutes.

[0019] Preferred solution five: As a further optimization of preferred solution four, the incineration device in step S8 is a closed incinerator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process flow of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0022] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0023] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A method for destroying waste sodium comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1: Material preparation: Choose an open and well-ventilated place, prepare a 25L clean iron barrel, with an insert ring on the outside of the barrel, a stirring rod inserted in the insert ring, 10L anhydrous ethanol, 300ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, 300ml polyether modified silicone oil, 5kg waste sodium, and store the waste sodium in a bottle;

[0027] S2: Ingredients: Pour ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil into an iron barrel, and mix them according to the ratio of 97.8% ethanol, 1.50% long-chain alkyl silicone oil and 0.70% polyether modified silicone oil;

[0028] S3: Stirring: Take the stirring rod and stir the ingredients added into the iron bucket evenly;

[0029] S4: Feeding: Use toilet paper to absorb the grease on the surface of the waste sodium, and then divide it into 3 batches and put it into the iron barrel for reaction, namely 2kg, 2kg, and 1kg. The timing starts when the waste sodium is put into the iron barrel;

[0030] S5: Observation: The first batch of waste sodium reacted for 10 minutes, and no obvious smoke or open flame was observed;

[0031] S6: Re-feeding: After the reaction is completed, if no white salts are precipitated in the iron barrel, waste sodium blocks can be added to the container until sodium alcoholate is precipitated and the solution reaches a saturated state. The timing end time is 93 minutes;

[0032] S7: Collection: Filter and collect the sodium alcoholate in the iron barrel;

[0033] S8: Incineration: Destroy the empty bottles, kerosene, sodium alcohol and gloves produced by the waste sodium through incineration equipment.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A method for destroying waste sodium comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1: Material preparation: 1) Select an open and well-ventilated location, prepare a 25L clean iron barrel, with an insert ring on the outside of the barrel, a stirring rod inserted in the insert ring, 15L anhydrous ethanol, 500ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, 500ml polyether modified silicone oil, 5kg waste sodium, and store the waste sodium in a bottle;

[0037] S2: Ingredients: Pour ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil into an iron barrel, and mix them according to the ratio of 98.1% ethanol, 1.45% long-chain alkyl silicone oil and 0.45% polyether modified silicone oil;

[0038] S3: Stirring: Take the stirring rod and stir the ingredients added into the iron bucket evenly;

[0039] S4: Feeding: Use toilet paper to absorb the grease on the surface of the waste sodium, and then divide it into 3 batches and put it into the iron barrel for reaction, namely 2kg, 2kg, and 1kg. The timing starts when the waste sodium is put into the iron barrel;

[0040] S5: Observation: The reaction time of the first batch of waste sodium was 8 minutes, and no obvious smoke and open flame were observed;

[0041] S6: Re-feeding: After the reaction is completed, if no white salts are precipitated in the iron barrel, waste sodium blocks can be added to the container until sodium alcoholate is precipitated and the solution reaches a saturated state. The timing end time is 90 minutes;

[0042] S7: Collection: Filter and collect the sodium alcoholate in the iron barrel;

[0043] S8: Incineration: Destroy the empty bottles, kerosene, sodium alcohol and gloves produced by the waste sodium through incineration equipment.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A method for destroying waste sodium comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1: Material preparation: 1) Select an open and well-ventilated location, prepare a 25L clean iron barrel, with an insert ring on the outside of the barrel, a stirring rod inserted in the insert ring, 20L anhydrous ethanol, 600ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, 600ml polyether modified silicone oil, 5kg waste sodium, and store the waste sodium in a bottle;

[0047] S2: Ingredients: Pour ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil into an iron barrel, and mix them according to the ratio of 98% ethanol, 1.40% long-chain alkyl silicone oil and 0.60% polyether modified silicone oil;

[0048] S3: Stirring: Take the stirring rod and stir the ingredients added into the iron bucket evenly;

[0049] S4: Feeding: Use toilet paper to absorb the grease on the surface of the waste sodium, and then divide it into 3 batches and put it into the iron barrel for reaction, namely 2kg, 2kg, and 1kg. The timing starts when the waste sodium is put into the iron barrel;

[0050] S5: Observation: The reaction time of the first batch of waste sodium was 12 minutes, and no obvious smoke or open flame was observed;

[0051] S6: Re-feeding: After the reaction is completed, if no white salts are precipitated in the iron barrel, waste sodium blocks can be added to the container until sodium alcoholate is precipitated and the solution reaches a saturated state. The timing ends at 102 minutes.

[0052] S7: Collection: Filter and collect the sodium alcoholate in the iron barrel;

[0053] S8: Incineration: Destroy the empty bottles, kerosene, sodium or potassium alcoholate and gloves produced by the waste sodium by incineration equipment.

[0054] In Examples 1-3, a modifier polyether-modified silicone oil is added to ethanol. The role of the modifier is to increase the ignition point and boiling point of ethanol, reduce the risk of high-temperature combustion, and prevent ethanol from escaping, which can ensure that there is no high temperature, open flame, and slow reaction rate during the reaction process. Ethanol and sodium potassium react to produce sodium ethoxide and hydrogen. The elemental sodium potassium is heavier than the modifier and sinks. In the process of contacting with ethanol, the generated hydrogen escapes through the modifier, preventing the risk of hydrogen accumulation and explosion caused by high temperature. This method does not require the establishment of an equipment system, saving investment costs.

[0055] The amount of material added and the reaction time for waste sodium destruction in Example 1-3 are shown in Table 1 below:

[0056] Table 1: Amount of added materials and reaction time of waste sodium destruction in Example 1-3

[0057] Waste Sodium Anhydrous ethanol Long chain alkyl silicone oil Polyether modified silicone oil Reaction time Example 1 5kg 10L 300ml 300ml 93min Example 2 5kg 15L 500ml 500ml 90min Example 3 5kg 20L 600ml 600ml 102min

[0058] It can be seen from the above table that the 15L anhydrous ethanol, 500ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, and 500ml polyether modified silicone oil used in Example 2 have the shortest time of destroying waste sodium, which is 90min, and have the highest efficiency.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] Comparative Example 1 The specific implementation process of using the batching data of Example 2 to destroy waste potassium is as follows:

[0061] A method for destroying waste sodium comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1: Material preparation: 1) Select an open and well-ventilated location, prepare a 25L clean iron barrel, with an insert ring on the outside of the barrel, a stirring rod inserted in the insert ring, 15L anhydrous ethanol, 500ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, 500ml polyether modified silicone oil, 5kg waste potassium, and store the waste potassium in a bottle;

[0063] S2: Ingredients: Pour ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil into an iron barrel, and mix them according to the ratio of 98.1% ethanol, 1.45% long-chain alkyl silicone oil and 0.45% polyether modified silicone oil;

[0064] S3: Stirring: Take the stirring rod and stir the ingredients added into the iron bucket evenly;

[0065] S4: Feeding: Use toilet paper to absorb the grease on the surface of waste potassium, and then divide it into 3 batches and put it into the iron barrel for reaction, namely 2kg, 2kg, and 1kg. The timing starts when the waste potassium is put into the iron barrel;

[0066] S5: Observation: The first batch of waste potassium reacted for 5 minutes, and obvious smoke was observed, but no open flame was generated;

[0067] S6: Re-feeding: After the reaction is completed, if no white salts are precipitated in the iron barrel, waste potassium blocks can be added to the container until potassium alcohol is precipitated and the solution reaches a saturated state. The timing end time is 50 minutes;

[0068] S7: Collection: Filter and collect the potassium alcoholate in the iron barrel;

[0069] S8: Incineration: Destroy the empty bottles, kerosene, potassium alcohol and gloves produced by waste potassium through incineration equipment.

[0070] It can be seen from Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 that there is no open flame or smoke in the process of disposing elemental sodium in Example 2, and smoke appears in the treatment of elemental potassium in Comparative Example 1, but there is no open flame. Within a controllable range, the time efficiency for disposing elemental sodium is 0.05kg / min, and the time efficiency for disposing elemental potassium is 0.1kg / min, and the destruction efficiency of elemental potassium is higher.

[0071] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for destroying waste sodium and potassium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Material preparation: Select an open and well-ventilated location, prepare a 20-30L reaction container, 10-20L anhydrous ethanol, 300-600ml long-chain alkyl silicone oil, 300-600ml polyether modified silicone oil, 5kg of waste sodium or waste potassium, and store the waste sodium or waste potassium in a bottle; S2: Ingredients: Pour ethanol, long-chain alkyl silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil into a reaction container, and mix them according to the proportion of ethanol (97.8%-98.1%), long-chain alkyl silicone oil (1.40%-1.50%), and polyether modified silicone oil (0.45%-0.70%); S3: stirring: stirring the ingredients added into the reaction container evenly; S4: Feeding: Use toilet paper to absorb the grease on the surface of waste sodium or waste potassium, and then divide it into multiple batches and put it into the reaction container for reaction; S5: Observation: The reaction time of the first batch of waste sodium or waste potassium is 5-12 minutes, and no obvious smoke or open flame is observed; S6: Re-feeding: After the reaction is completed, if no white salts are precipitated in the reaction container, waste sodium blocks or waste potassium blocks can be added to the container until sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate is precipitated and the solution reaches a saturated state; S7: collecting: filtering and collecting the sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate in the reaction container; S8: Incineration: Destroy the empty bottles, kerosene, sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate and gloves produced by waste potassium and sodium through incineration equipment.

2. The method for destroying waste sodium and potassium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction container of step S1 is an iron barrel, an insert ring is arranged on the outer side of the iron barrel, and a stirring rod is inserted in the insert ring.

3. The method for destroying waste sodium and potassium according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, 15 L of anhydrous ethanol, 500 ml of long-chain alkyl silicone oil and 500 ml of polyether-modified silicone oil are prepared.

4. The method for destroying waste sodium and potassium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste sodium or waste potassium in step S4 is put into the reaction container in 3-4 batches for reaction.

5. The method for destroying waste sodium and potassium according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reaction time of step S5 is 10 minutes.

6. The method for destroying waste sodium and potassium according to claim 5, characterized in that: The incineration device in step S8 is a closed incinerator.

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