A self-range extension system and control method for fuel cell vehicles based on photovoltaic hydrogen production

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and in particular to a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system and control method based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, comprising a tractor head and a tractor trailer; wherein the tractor head mainly uses a high-power fuel cell as a power source, comprises a hydrogen filling port, a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, an ejector, a high-power fuel cell, a tail water collection box, an electrolysis device, a hydrogen / water separator, etc., and can convert solar energy obtained from the surrounding external environment by the tractor trailer into electrical energy during normal operation or parking of the hydrogen fuel vehicle, further reversely decompose the tail water discharged by the high-power fuel cell into hydrogen, and feed it back to the front-end hydrogen supply system of the whole vehicle, thereby realizing vehicle-level autonomous automatic fuel replenishment, effectively increasing the vehicle's driving range, and improving the fuel economy of the whole vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and in particular to a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system and a control method based on photovoltaic hydrogen production. Background Art

[0002] Oil security has become a common problem faced by all countries in the world today. How to ensure long-term and stable oil supply in the 21st century is a major issue that must be faced for future economic security. It is also an overall issue related to the sustained and healthy development of the national economy. People's understanding of environmental issues is constantly deepening, and environmental awareness is gradually increasing. The energy revolution that has arisen as a result is developing rapidly, especially in the transportation field, and the market share of new energy vehicles continues to rise.

[0003] After nearly a decade of rapid development, electric vehicle-related technologies have become mature. In order to completely solve the shortcomings of electric vehicles such as limited driving range and long charging time, new energy vehicles are undergoing a transition from pure electric vehicle technology to fuel cell vehicle technology. Fuel cell vehicles are highly favored by the market due to their high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, and fast fuel replenishment. Hydrogen energy vehicles, especially in the field of intercity trunk logistics and transportation, are about to usher in huge growth space.

[0004] Currently, intercity trunk logistics transport vehicles that can achieve large-scale commercial operations are equipped with high-power fuel cells and large-capacity gaseous hydrogen storage bottle groups. They mainly rely on hydrogen refueling stations for energy replenishment. However, due to the imperfect basic service facilities of hydrogen refueling stations, vehicles can only operate on specific routes, limiting the scenarios in which vehicles can be used; and hydrogen fuel has not been produced on a large scale and in a centralized manner. The fuel price is still high, which increases the unit mileage operating cost of the vehicle, and to a certain extent restricts the further promotion and popularization of fuel cell vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system and control method based on photovoltaic hydrogen production.

[0006] The technical solution adopted is a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, comprising a tractor head and a tractor trailer, wherein the tail of the tractor head is connected to the tractor trailer, wherein the tractor head is provided with a high-power fuel cell working mechanism, an electrolysis mechanism, a pressurization mechanism, a first hydrogen return mechanism and a second hydrogen return mechanism; The high-power fuel cell working mechanism is used to provide power for the entire vehicle; The electrolysis mechanism is used to electrolyze tail water produced by a high-power fuel cell working mechanism; The boosting mechanism is used to introduce the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis mechanism into the first hydrogen return mechanism or the second hydrogen return mechanism; The first hydrogen return mechanism and the second hydrogen return mechanism are both connected to the high-power fuel cell working mechanism; The tractor trailer is provided with a solar photovoltaic power generation component, and the solar photovoltaic power generation component supplies energy to the electrolysis mechanism.

[0007] Optionally, the high-power fuel cell working mechanism includes a hydrogen filling port, a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, an ejector and a high-power fuel cell; Injecting hydrogen into the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group through the hydrogen filling port; The gas outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group is connected to the high-power fuel cell via an ejector; The high-power fuel cell converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction.

[0008] Optionally, the electrolysis mechanism includes a tailwater collection box, an electrolysis device, and a hydrogen / water separator; The tail water collection box is connected to the high-power fuel cell working mechanism and pumps the water produced by the cathode reaction into the electrolysis device; The electrolysis device electrolyzes water produced by the cathode reaction into hydrogen and transports the hydrogen to the hydrogen / water separator; The hydrogen / water separator purifies and dehydrates the moist hydrogen.

[0009] Optionally, the boosting mechanism includes a first-stage boosting device and a low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber; The first-stage boosting device pressurizes the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis mechanism and then introduces it into the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber for temporary storage.

[0010] Optionally, the first hydrogen return mechanism includes a first solenoid valve, and the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber is connected to the ejector via the first solenoid valve.

[0011] Optionally, the second hydrogen return mechanism includes a second solenoid valve and a secondary pressurizing device, and the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group via the second solenoid valve and the secondary pressurizing device.

[0012] Optionally, the top, front, rear, left side and right side of the tractor trailer are covered with solar photovoltaic power generation components, and the solar photovoltaic power generation components are equipped with a fully automatic multi-axis tracking mechanism. The solar photovoltaic power generation components can dynamically adjust their direction according to the angle of sunlight within the size range allowed by vehicle regulations.

[0013] The present application also provides a control method for a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, which is implemented based on a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, and includes the following steps: S1. During normal operation of the vehicle's high-power fuel cell, the water generated by the cathode reaction is collected and stored in the tail water collection tank; S2. The solar photovoltaic power generation module converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is then transported to the electrolysis device after confluence; S3. The electrolysis device reversely electrolyzes the water in the tailwater collection box into hydrogen. The moist hydrogen produced by the electrolysis is purified and dehydrated by the hydrogen / water separator and then initially pressurized and transported by the primary booster device to the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber for storage; S4. Reflux hydrogen based on the first hydrogen recycle mechanism or the second hydrogen recycle mechanism.

[0014] Optionally, in S4, when the high-power fuel cell is in working state, the first solenoid valve is controlled to open, and the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber is introduced into the injection return hydrogen port of the injector, and the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is directly mixed into the external hydrogen supply pipeline system of the high-power fuel cell. This is the online extended-range operation mode.

[0015] Optionally, in S4, when the high-power fuel cell is in a shutdown state, the second solenoid valve is controlled to open, and the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber is pressurized to a specified pressure again through a secondary booster device, and then the hydrogen is directly introduced into the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group for storage. This is an offline extended-range operation mode.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production is provided. A special water tank is configured to collect and store tail discharge liquid water generated when a high-power fuel cell is working normally. The photovoltaic power generation components configured on the outer surface of the tractor trailer convert solar energy into electrical energy during vehicle operation or parking. The electrical energy is provided to the electrolysis device to reversely electrolyze the tail discharge water generated by the fuel cell into hydrogen, which is fed back to the hydrogen supply pipeline or high-pressure hydrogen bottle group at the front end of the fuel cell, automatically providing a fuel supply source for the vehicle, increasing the vehicle's cruising range, reducing the vehicle's unit mileage operating cost, reducing the conventional fuel cell vehicle's dependence on high-density hydrogen refueling stations, reducing the initial capital investment in the project, and expanding the operating range of fuel cell vehicles.

[0017] At the same time, when the high-power fuel cell is working, hydrogen is fed back to the hydrogen supply pipeline, and when it is not working, it is fed back to the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group, which automatically provides a fuel supply source for the vehicle, which can effectively increase the vehicle's driving range, improve the vehicle's unit mileage fuel economy, and help expand the application scope of fuel cell vehicles. The system layout is flexible, has no impact on the vehicle and the surrounding environment, and has good environmental performance; the range-extending system and the fuel cell vehicle are low-correlatedly coupled through the hydrogen medium, and the coupling and decoupling process has no impact on the fuel cell vehicle, which is highly safe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tractor head and tractor trailer of the fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system; Figure 2This is the schematic diagram of the self-range extension system for fuel cell vehicles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementations, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0020] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only used to schematically illustrate the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0021] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production is provided, comprising a tractor head 1 and a tractor trailer 2, wherein the rear of the tractor head 1 is connected to the tractor trailer 2, wherein the tractor head 1 is provided with a high-power fuel cell working mechanism, an electrolysis mechanism, a pressurization mechanism, a first hydrogen return mechanism and a second hydrogen return mechanism; The high-power fuel cell working mechanism is used to provide power for the entire vehicle; The electrolysis mechanism is used to electrolyze tail water produced by a high-power fuel cell working mechanism; The boosting mechanism is used to introduce the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis mechanism into the first hydrogen return mechanism or the second hydrogen return mechanism; The first hydrogen return mechanism and the second hydrogen return mechanism are both connected to the high-power fuel cell working mechanism; The tractor trailer 2 is provided with a solar photovoltaic power generation component 8, and the solar photovoltaic power generation component 8 supplies energy to the electrolysis mechanism.

[0022] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the high-power fuel cell working mechanism includes a hydrogen filling port 3, a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group 4, an ejector 5 and a high-power fuel cell 6; Inject hydrogen into the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group 4 through the hydrogen filling port 3; The gas outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is connected to the high-power fuel cell 6 via the ejector 5; The high-power fuel cell 6 converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction.

[0023] Meanwhile, the electrolysis mechanism includes a tailwater collection box 7, an electrolysis device 9 and a hydrogen / water separator 10; The tail water collection box 7 is connected to the high-power fuel cell working mechanism, and pumps the water produced by the cathode reaction into the electrolysis device 9; The electrolysis device 9 electrolyzes the water produced by the cathode reaction into hydrogen and transports it to the hydrogen / water separator 10; The hydrogen / water separator 10 purifies and dehydrates the moist hydrogen.

[0024] Furthermore, the boosting mechanism includes a first-stage boosting device 11 and a low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber 12; The first-stage booster device 11 boosts the pressure of hydrogen generated by the electrolysis mechanism and then introduces the pressurized hydrogen into the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber 12 for temporary storage.

[0025] Meanwhile, the first hydrogen return mechanism comprises a first solenoid valve 13 , and the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber 12 is connected to the ejector 5 via the first solenoid valve 13 .

[0026] Furthermore, the top, front, rear, left and right sides of the tractor trailer 2 are all covered with solar photovoltaic power generation components 8, and the solar photovoltaic power generation components 8 are equipped with a fully automatic multi-axis tracking mechanism. The solar photovoltaic power generation components 8 can dynamically adjust their direction according to the angle of sunlight within the size range allowed by vehicle regulations, thereby maximizing the reception of solar energy and thus increasing power generation.

[0027] The purpose of this design is to collect and store the tail discharge liquid water generated by the normal operation of the high-power fuel cell by configuring a special water tank. The photovoltaic power generation components configured on the outer surface of the tractor trailer convert solar energy into electrical energy during the operation or parking of the vehicle. The electrical energy is provided to the electrolysis device to reversely electrolyze the tail discharge water generated by the fuel cell into hydrogen, which is fed back to the hydrogen supply pipeline or high-pressure hydrogen bottle group at the front end of the fuel cell, automatically providing a fuel supply source for the vehicle, increasing the vehicle's cruising range, reducing the vehicle's unit mileage operating cost, reducing the dependence of conventional fuel cell vehicles on high-density hydrogen refueling stations, reducing the initial capital investment in the project, and expanding the operating range of fuel cell vehicles.

[0028] It should be pointed out that in the specific implementation, the entire system also includes the basic components of electric vehicles such as lithium-ion power batteries, drive motors, DCAC, DCDC, etc.

[0029] At the same time, in this embodiment, based on a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, a control method thereof is also provided, including the following steps: S1. During normal operation of the vehicle's high-power fuel cell 6, the water generated by the cathode reaction is collected and stored in the tail water collection tank 7; S2. The solar photovoltaic power generation assembly 8 converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is then transported to the electrolysis device 9 after confluence; S3. The electrolysis device 9 reversely electrolyzes the water in the tailwater collection box 7 into hydrogen. The moist hydrogen produced by the electrolysis is purified and dehydrated by the hydrogen / water separator 10 and then initially pressurized and transported by the primary booster device 11 to the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber 12 for storage; S4. Reflux hydrogen based on the first hydrogen recycle mechanism or the second hydrogen recycle mechanism.

[0030] At the same time, in S4, when the high-power fuel cell 6 is in working state, the first solenoid valve 13 is controlled to open, and the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber 12 is introduced into the injection return hydrogen port of the injector 5, and the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is directly mixed into the external hydrogen supply pipeline system of the high-power fuel cell 6. This is the online extended-range operation mode.

[0031] Furthermore, in S4, when the high-power fuel cell 6 is in a shutdown state, the second solenoid valve 14 is controlled to open, and the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber 12 is pressurized again to a specified pressure through the secondary booster device 15, and then the hydrogen is directly introduced into the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group 4 for storage. This is an offline extended-range operation mode.

[0032] In this way, according to the difference in the extended-range mode, there are an online extended-range operation mode and an offline extended-range operation mode.

[0033] When the range-extending system is not working, the tractor head is a conventional fuel cell vehicle, which fills hydrogen into the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group through the hydrogen filling port to provide a fuel source for the entire vehicle; the high-power fuel cell uses an electrochemical reaction to convert the hydrogen energy from the hydrogen bottle group into electrical energy for the drive control system to drive the vehicle, and the lithium-ion power battery serves as a power buffer between the high-power fuel cell and the drive control system. When the vehicle is running smoothly, it relies on the high-power fuel cell to provide power. When high-power output is required, the high-power fuel cell and the lithium-ion power battery are jointly powered. Under low-load or idling conditions, the high-power fuel cell charges the lithium-ion power battery.

[0034] Therefore, when the high-power fuel cell is working, hydrogen is fed back to the hydrogen supply pipeline, and when it is not working, it is fed back to the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group, which can automatically provide a fuel supply source for the vehicle, effectively increase the vehicle's driving range, improve the vehicle's unit mileage fuel economy, and help expand the application scope of fuel cell vehicles. The system layout is flexible, has no impact on the vehicle and the surrounding environment, and has good environmental performance; the range-extending system and the fuel cell vehicle are low-correlatedly coupled through the hydrogen medium, and the coupling and decoupling process has no impact on the fuel cell vehicle, and is highly safe.

[0035] During the normal operation or parking of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the solar energy obtained by the tractor trailer from the surrounding external environment can be converted into electrical energy, and the tail water discharged from the high-power fuel cell can be reversely decomposed into hydrogen, which is fed back into the front-end hydrogen supply system of the vehicle, realizing vehicle-level autonomous and automatic refueling, effectively increasing the vehicle's cruising range and improving the fuel economy of the vehicle.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, comprising a tractor head (1) and a tractor trailer (2), wherein the rear of the tractor head (1) is connected to the tractor trailer (2), characterized in that: The tractor head (1) is provided with a high-power fuel cell working mechanism, an electrolysis mechanism, a pressurizing mechanism, a first hydrogen return mechanism and a second hydrogen return mechanism; The high-power fuel cell working mechanism is used to provide power for the entire vehicle; The electrolysis mechanism is used to electrolyze tail water produced by a high-power fuel cell working mechanism; The boosting mechanism is used to introduce the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis mechanism into the first hydrogen return mechanism or the second hydrogen return mechanism; The first hydrogen return mechanism and the second hydrogen return mechanism are both connected to the high-power fuel cell working mechanism; The tractor trailer (2) is provided with a solar photovoltaic power generation component (8), and the solar photovoltaic power generation component (8) supplies energy to the electrolysis mechanism.

2. A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-power fuel cell working mechanism comprises a hydrogen filling port (3), a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group (4), an ejector (5) and a high-power fuel cell (6); Injecting hydrogen into the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group (4) through the hydrogen filling port (3); The gas outlet end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group (4) is connected to the high-power fuel cell (6) via the ejector (5); The high-power fuel cell (6) converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction.

3. The self-range extension system for fuel cell vehicles based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrolysis mechanism comprises a tailwater collection box (7), an electrolysis device (9) and a hydrogen / water separator (10); The tail water collection box (7) is connected to the high-power fuel cell working mechanism and pumps the water generated by the cathode reaction into the electrolysis device (9); The electrolysis device (9) electrolyzes water produced by the cathode reaction into hydrogen and transmits the hydrogen to the hydrogen / water separator (10); The hydrogen / water separator (10) purifies and dehydrates the moist hydrogen.

4. A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The boosting mechanism comprises a first-stage boosting device (11) and a low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12); The first-stage pressurizing device (11) pressurizes the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis mechanism and then introduces the pressurized hydrogen into the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12) for temporary storage.

5. A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first hydrogen return mechanism comprises a first solenoid valve (13), and the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12) is connected to the ejector (5) via the first solenoid valve (13).

6. A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second hydrogen return mechanism comprises a second solenoid valve (14) and a secondary pressurizing device (15), and the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12) is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group (4) via the second solenoid valve (14) and the secondary pressurizing device (15).

7. A fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top, front, rear, left side and right side of the tractor trailer (2) are all covered with solar photovoltaic power generation components (8), and the solar photovoltaic power generation components (8) are equipped with a fully automatic multi-axis tracking mechanism. The solar photovoltaic power generation components (8) can dynamically adjust their direction according to the angle of sunlight within the size range allowed by vehicle regulations.

8. A control method for a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production, implemented based on a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production in claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. During normal operation of the high-power fuel cell (6) of the vehicle, water generated by the cathode reaction is collected and stored in the tail water collection tank (7); S2. The solar photovoltaic power generation component (8) converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is then transported to the electrolysis device (9) after converging; S3. The electrolysis device (9) reversely electrolyzes the water in the tailwater collection box (7) into hydrogen. The moist hydrogen produced by the electrolysis is purified and dehydrated by the hydrogen / water separator (10), and then initially pressurized by the first-stage booster device (11) and transported to the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12) for storage; S4. Reflux hydrogen based on the first hydrogen recycle mechanism or the second hydrogen recycle mechanism.

9. The control method of a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S4, when the high-power fuel cell (6) is in the working state, the first solenoid valve (13) is controlled to open, and the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12) is introduced into the ejection return hydrogen port of the ejector (5), and the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is directly mixed into the external hydrogen supply pipeline system of the high-power fuel cell (6). This is the online range-extending operation mode.

10. The control method of a fuel cell vehicle self-range extension system based on photovoltaic hydrogen production according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S4, when the high-power fuel cell (6) is in a shutdown state, the second solenoid valve (14) is controlled to open, and the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen buffer chamber (12) is pressurized again to a specified pressure through the secondary pressurizing device (15), and then the hydrogen is directly introduced into the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group (4) for storage. This is an offline extended-range operation mode.

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