A thermal management system and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a thermal management system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicles, and is at least used for solving the technical problem of high cost of a management system for manufacturing control of a battery pack temperature in the related art. The thermal management system divides the thermal management system into a direct cooling circuit and a direct heating circuit, controls the flow direction of refrigerant in the thermal management system through a switching device, realizes circulation of the refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit, achieves the purpose of control of the battery pack temperature based on a single compressor, and reduces the cost of manufacturing the thermal management system. Meanwhile, in the case that the internal space size of the thermal management system is limited, the arrangement mode of the equipment and pipelines in the thermal management system makes the equipment in the thermal management system more compact, and the land occupation of the thermal management system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a thermal management system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and the continuous upgrading of power systems, rechargeable battery packs have become an important power unit for new energy vehicles. Compared to adding fuel to a gasoline vehicle to ensure its range, charging the battery pack is equivalent to adding fuel; discharging the battery pack is equivalent to fuel combustion. However, the charging and discharging process often causes the battery pack temperature to become too cold or too hot due to energy exchange, which in turn affects the performance of the battery pack.

[0003] In related technologies, methods for controlling battery pack temperature to prevent overcooling or overheating typically employ integrated direct cooling and heating temperature control systems. However, these systems require two compressors and two condensers to control the battery pack temperature, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Therefore, reducing the manufacturing cost of systems used for battery pack temperature control is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a thermal management system and a vehicle, which at least addresses the technical problem of high cost in manufacturing management systems for controlling battery pack temperature in related technologies.

[0005] In a first aspect, a thermal management system is provided, comprising: a compressor, a condenser, a receiver-dryer, a filter dryer, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a first throttling device, a cooling plate, and a switching device; wherein, the refrigerant flow path of the thermal management system includes: a direct cooling circuit, which is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor, condenser, receiver-dryer, filter dryer, first heat exchanger, first throttling device, cooling plate, and second heat exchanger, and the direct cooling circuit is used to reduce the temperature of the cooling plate; and a direct heating circuit, which is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor, third heat exchanger, cooling plate, receiver-dryer, filter dryer, first heat exchanger, first throttling device, and fourth heat exchanger, and the direct heating circuit is used to increase the temperature of the cooling plate; the switching device is used to control the circulation of refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit.

[0006] Based on the thermal management system provided in this application embodiment, the thermal management system is divided into a direct cooling loop and a direct heating loop. A switching device controls the flow of refrigerant within the thermal management system, enabling refrigerant circulation in either the direct cooling or direct heating loop. This achieves the goal of controlling the battery pack temperature based on a single compressor, reducing the manufacturing cost of the thermal management system. Furthermore, given the limited internal space of the thermal management system, the arrangement of equipment and piping within it makes the system more compact, reducing its footprint.

[0007] In some embodiments, the switching device includes a direct cooling circuit solenoid valve and a direct heating circuit solenoid valve; wherein, when the direct cooling circuit solenoid valve is open and the direct heating circuit solenoid valve is closed, the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling circuit; or, when the direct cooling circuit solenoid valve is closed and the direct heating circuit solenoid valve is open, the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the direct cooling circuit solenoid valve includes: a first solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser; a second solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid receiver; a third solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first throttling device, and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the cooling plate; and a fourth solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the cooling plate, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger.

[0009] In some embodiments, the direct-heating circuit solenoid valve includes: a fifth solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the third heat exchanger; a sixth solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the cooling plate, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid receiver; and a seventh solenoid valve, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first throttling device, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger.

[0010] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a controller; the controller is configured to: adjust the operating frequency of the condenser based on the actual pressure and a set pressure of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling loop; and / or adjust the opening degree of the first throttling device based on the actual temperature and a set temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes: a first control valve disposed between the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger and the second end of the cooling plate in the direct cooling circuit; and a controller further configured to: adjust the opening of the first control valve based on the actual pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate and a set pressure when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling circuit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes: a second control valve and / or a third control valve; the second control valve is disposed between the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchanger in the direct heating loop and a second end of the cooling plate; the third control valve is disposed between a first end of the cooling plate in the direct heating loop and a refrigerant inlet of the storage tank; and the controller is further configured to: adjust the opening of the second control valve based on the actual pressure and a set pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling plate when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating loop; and / or adjust the opening of the third control valve based on the actual pressure and a set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate; and / or adjust the opening of the first throttling device based on the actual temperature and a set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes: a fourth control valve and a first check valve; a first end of the fourth control valve is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor, a second end of the fourth control valve is connected to the first end of the check valve, and a second end of the check valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank; and a controller, further configured to: adjust the opening degree of the fourth control valve and the first check valve based on the actual temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the liquid storage tank and a set temperature.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes: a fifth control valve, a second throttling device, and an eighth solenoid valve; wherein, a first end of the eighth solenoid valve is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser, a second end of the eighth solenoid valve is connected to the first end of the second throttling device, a second end of the second throttling device is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor, a first end of the fifth control valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser, and a second end of the fifth control valve is connected to the second end of the second throttling device; the controller is further configured to: adjust the opening degree of the fifth control valve, the second throttling device, and the eighth solenoid valve based on the actual pressure and a set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes: a constant-temperature water tank and four water pumps, the four water pumps corresponding to a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, and a fourth heat exchanger; each of the four heat exchangers is provided with refrigerant piping and antifreeze piping for mutual heat exchange; for any one of the four heat exchangers, the inlet of the antifreeze piping is connected to the first end of the corresponding water pump, the second end of the corresponding water pump is connected to the outlet of the constant-temperature water tank, and the inlet of the constant-temperature water tank is connected to the outlet of the antifreeze piping of the heat exchanger; a controller is also provided. The settings are as follows: when the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling circuit, adjust the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device; and / or, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, adjust the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling plate; and / or, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, adjust the operating frequency of the water pumps corresponding to the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger respectively based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device.

[0016] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a gas-liquid separator, wherein the refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor, and the gas-liquid separator is used to separate the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path to enter the compressor into gas-liquid separation, and output the separated gaseous refrigerant to the compressor.

[0017] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes: an oil separator, wherein the oil inlet of the oil separator is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor, and the lubricating oil outlet of the oil separator is connected to the lubricating oil inlet of the compressor; the oil separator is used to separate the oil flowing in from the oil inlet into refrigerant and lubricating oil, outputting the refrigerant to the refrigerant pipeline and returning the lubricating oil to the compressor; and a ninth solenoid valve, wherein the ninth solenoid valve is disposed between the lubricating oil outlet of the oil separator and the lubricating oil inlet of the compressor.

[0018] In a second aspect, a vehicle is provided, comprising: the thermal management system described in the first aspect above.

[0019] For a detailed description of the second aspect and its various implementations in this application, please refer to the detailed description in the first aspect and its various implementations; and for a detailed analysis of the beneficial effects of the second aspect and its various implementations in the first aspect and its various implementations, please refer to the beneficial effect analysis in the first aspect and its various implementations, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow direction of refrigerant in a thermal management system, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow direction of refrigerant in a thermal management system, as provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an algorithm model for controlling a thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 11-Compressor; 12-Condenser; 13-Receiver tank; 14-Drier filter; 15-First heat exchanger; 16-Second heat exchanger; 17-Third heat exchanger; 18-Fourth heat exchanger; 19-First throttling device; 20-Cooling plate; 21-Switching device; 211-First solenoid valve; 212-Second solenoid valve; 213-Third solenoid valve; 214-Fourth solenoid valve; 215-Fifth solenoid valve; 216-Sixth solenoid valve; 217-Seventh solenoid valve; 23-First control valve; 24-Second control valve; 25-Third control valve; 26-Fourth control valve 27-First check valve; 28-Fifth control valve; 29-Second throttling device; 30-Eighth solenoid valve; 33-Gas-liquid separator; 34-Oil-liquid separator; 35-Ninth solenoid valve; 36-First manual ball valve; 37-Second manual ball valve; 38-Sight glass; 39-Mass flow meter; 40-First filling valve; 41-Second filling valve; 42-Second check valve; 43-Third check valve; 191-Tenth solenoid valve; 192-Eleventh solenoid valve; 193-Twelfth solenoid valve; 194-First electronic expansion valve; 195-Second electronic expansion valve. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0037] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0038] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more.

[0039] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and the continuous upgrading of power systems, rechargeable battery packs have become an important power unit for new energy vehicles. Compared to adding fuel to a gasoline vehicle to ensure its range, charging the battery pack is equivalent to adding fuel; discharging the battery pack is equivalent to fuel combustion. However, the charging and discharging process often causes the battery pack temperature to become too cold or too hot due to energy exchange, which in turn affects the performance of the battery pack.

[0040] In related technologies, methods for controlling battery pack temperature to prevent overcooling or overheating typically employ integrated direct cooling and heating temperature control systems. However, these systems require two compressors and two condensing units, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Therefore, reducing the manufacturing cost of systems used for battery pack temperature control is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0041] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a thermal management system, including: a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver, a dryer filter, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a first throttling device, a cooling plate, and a switching device; wherein, the refrigerant flow path of the thermal management system includes: a direct cooling circuit, which is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor, condenser, liquid receiver, dryer filter, first heat exchanger, first throttling device, cooling plate, and second heat exchanger, and is used to lower the temperature of the cooling plate; and a direct heating circuit, which is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor, third heat exchanger, cooling plate, liquid receiver, dryer filter, first heat exchanger, first throttling device, and fourth heat exchanger, and is used to raise the temperature of the cooling plate; the switching device is used to control the circulation of refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit. Therefore, by dividing the thermal management system into a direct cooling circuit and a direct heating circuit, and controlling the flow of refrigerant within the thermal management system through a switching device, the refrigerant can circulate in either the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the battery pack temperature. Furthermore, this solution can monitor the battery pack temperature to determine whether the battery pack is in an overheated or overcooled state, and automatically control the refrigerant circulation in either the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit through the switching device.

[0042] For ease of understanding, the thermal management system provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the thermal management system 10 includes: a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a liquid storage tank 13, a dryer filter 14, a first heat exchanger 15, a second heat exchanger 16, a third heat exchanger 17, a fourth heat exchanger 18, a first throttling device 19, a cooling plate 20, and a switching device 21.

[0044] The refrigerant flow path of the thermal management system 10 includes a direct cooling circuit and a direct heating circuit.

[0045] The direct cooling circuit is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor 11, condenser 12, liquid receiver 13, dryer filter 14, first heat exchanger 15, first throttling device 19, cooling plate 20 and second heat exchanger 16. The direct cooling circuit is used to reduce the temperature of the cooling plate 20.

[0046] The direct heating circuit is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor 11, the third heat exchanger 17, the cooling plate 20, the liquid storage tank 13, the dryer filter 14, the first heat exchanger 15, the first throttling device 19, and the fourth heat exchanger 18. The direct heating circuit is used to increase the temperature of the cooling plate 20.

[0047] The switching device 21 is used to control the circulation of refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit.

[0048] As one possible implementation, the Battery Management System (BMS) can monitor the temperature change of the cooling plate 20 in real time during the charging or discharging process of the battery pack. When the cooling plate 20 of the battery pack is overheated or overcooled, it can send a temperature control command to the controller. The controller controls the opening and closing of the switching device 21 to control the circulation of the refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit.

[0049] For example, the battery management system stores temperature thresholds for the cooling plate 20, including a minimum temperature and a maximum temperature. When the temperature of the cooling plate 20 is greater than the maximum temperature, the battery management system determines that the battery pack cooling plate 20 is in an overheated state. The battery management system sends a cooling command to the controller, and the controller controls the refrigerant to circulate in the direct cooling circuit by controlling the switching device 21 to reduce the temperature of the cooling plate 20.

[0050] Alternatively, when the temperature of the cooling plate 20 is lower than the maximum temperature, the battery management system determines that the battery pack cooling plate 20 is in an overcooled state. The battery management system sends a heating command to the controller, which controls the switching device 21 to control the circulation of the refrigerant in the direct heating circuit to increase the temperature of the cooling plate 20. The temperature threshold can be preset in the battery management system.

[0051] As an example, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow of refrigerant in a thermal management system, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the flow direction and state changes of the refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit can include: the compressor 11 converts the low-pressure, low-temperature gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the refrigerant flows from the outlet of the compressor 11 to the condenser 12. After being cooled by the condenser 12, the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is converted into a medium-pressure, medium-temperature liquid refrigerant and flows to the storage tank 13. The storage tank 13 temporarily stores the refrigerant. The medium-pressure, medium-temperature liquid refrigerant flows through the outlet of the storage tank 13 to the dryer filter 14, and from the outlet of the dryer filter 14 to the first heat exchanger 15. After passing through the first heat exchanger 15, the medium-pressure, medium-temperature liquid refrigerant can maintain a subcooled state. After passing through the first throttling device 19, the medium-pressure, medium-temperature liquid refrigerant is converted into a low-temperature, low-pressure mist refrigerant. The refrigerant then flows to the cooling plate 20 of the battery pack, absorbs the heat of the battery pack, and is converted into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. After passing through the second heat exchanger 16, it finally flows back to the compressor 11 for the next direct cooling or direct heating process.

[0052] As another example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow direction of refrigerant in a thermal management system, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the flow direction and state changes of the refrigerant in the direct heating circuit can include: the compressor 11 converts the low-pressure, low-temperature gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The refrigerant flows from the outlet of the compressor 11 to the third heat exchanger 17. After being cooled by the third heat exchanger 17, the refrigerant becomes a high-pressure, medium-temperature gaseous state, ensuring that the temperature of the refrigerant before flowing into the battery pack does not exceed the specified value. The refrigerant flows to the cooling plate 20 of the battery pack to raise the temperature of the battery pack, and then becomes a medium-temperature, medium-pressure liquid refrigerant. After passing through the next liquid storage tank 13, the liquid storage tank 13 temporarily stores the refrigerant. The medium-pressure, medium-temperature liquid refrigerant flows through the outlet of the liquid storage tank 13 to the dryer filter 14, and then from the outlet of the dryer filter 14 to the first heat exchanger 15. The liquid refrigerant remains in a subcooled state. After passing through the first throttling device 19, the medium-pressure, medium-temperature liquid refrigerant becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure mist. After passing through the fourth heat exchanger 18, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and finally flows back to the compressor 11 for the next direct cooling or direct heating process.

[0053] The liquid storage tank 13 temporarily stores the refrigerant to maintain pipeline pressure and flow. Additionally, if there is too much refrigerant in the circuit during the cooling process of the battery pack, the liquid storage tank 13 can store the refrigerant.

[0054] The dryer filter 14 can adsorb excess gaseous refrigerant in the pipeline and reduce the dryness value of the refrigerant. At the same time, other impurities will be present after the refrigerant flows through the battery pack cooling plate. These impurities will affect the heat exchange process of the refrigerant. The dryer filter 14 can filter these impurities to prevent them from affecting the heat exchange of the cooling plate.

[0055] Therefore, by dividing the thermal management system into a direct cooling circuit and a direct heating circuit, and controlling the flow of refrigerant within the thermal management system through a switching device, the refrigerant can circulate in either the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the battery pack temperature. Furthermore, this solution can monitor the battery pack temperature to determine whether the battery pack is in an overheated or overcooled state, and automatically control the refrigerant circulation in either the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit through the switching device.

[0056] It should be noted that this application uses the battery pack cooling plate as an example to describe the working process of the thermal management system in detail. The above explanation is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application is also applicable to equipment with temperature control requirements.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the switching device consists of multiple solenoid valves. The following is based on... Figure 1 The instructions on how to switch between direct cooling circuits and direct heating circuits are explained in detail.

[0058] Continue reading Figure 1 In some embodiments, the switching device 21 in the thermal management system includes a direct cooling circuit solenoid valve and a direct heating circuit solenoid valve. When the direct cooling circuit solenoid valve is open and the direct heating circuit solenoid valve is closed, the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling circuit; or, when the direct cooling circuit solenoid valve is closed and the direct heating circuit solenoid valve is open, the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit.

[0059] like Figure 1As shown, the direct cooling circuit solenoid valve includes: a first solenoid valve 211, the first end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 11, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 12; a second solenoid valve 212, the first end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 12, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid receiver 13; a third solenoid valve 213, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first throttling device 19, and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the cooling plate 20; and a fourth solenoid valve 214, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the cooling plate 20, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger 16.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the direct-heating circuit solenoid valve includes: a fifth solenoid valve 215, the first end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 11, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the third heat exchanger 17; a sixth solenoid valve 216, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the cooling plate 20, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank 13; and a seventh solenoid valve 217, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first throttling device 19, and the second end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 18.

[0061] As an example, when the temperature of the battery pack cooling plate 20 rises, the thermal management system needs to be controlled to operate in direct cooling mode, meaning the refrigerant needs to circulate in the direct cooling circuit. By controlling the first solenoid valve 211, the second solenoid valve 212, the third solenoid valve 213, and the fourth solenoid valve 214 to be in the open state, and controlling the fifth solenoid valve 215, the sixth solenoid valve 216, and the seventh solenoid valve 217 to be in the closed state, the refrigerant can circulate in the direct cooling circuit.

[0062] As another example, when the temperature of the battery pack cooling plate 20 decreases, it is necessary to control the thermal management system to operate in direct heating mode, meaning the refrigerant needs to circulate in the direct heating circuit. By controlling the first solenoid valve 211, the second solenoid valve 212, the third solenoid valve 213, and the fourth solenoid valve 214 to be in the closed state, and controlling the fifth solenoid valve 215, the sixth solenoid valve 216, and the seventh solenoid valve 217 to be in the open state, the refrigerant can circulate in the direct heating circuit.

[0063] The thermal management system provided in this application includes a controller in order to control the temperature of the cooling plate. The following embodiments will describe in detail how to control the temperature of the cooling plate.

[0064] Continue reading Figure 1In some embodiments, the above-described thermal management system further includes a controller (not shown in the figure).

[0065] The controller is configured to: adjust the operating frequency of the condenser 12 based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device 19, while the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling loop; and / or adjust the opening degree of the first throttling device 19 based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20. The controller is electrically connected to other components in the thermal management system.

[0066] For example, when the actual pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the first throttling device 19 is less than the set pressure, the controller controls the operating frequency of the condenser 12 to decrease.

[0067] For example, if the actual temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20 is lower than the set temperature, the controller controls the opening of the first throttling device 19 to be reduced. Alternatively, if the actual pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20 is lower than the set pressure, the controller controls the opening of the first throttling device 19 to be reduced.

[0068] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the thermal management system also includes: a first control valve 23.

[0069] The first control valve 23 is located between the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger 16 and the second end of the cooling plate 20 in the direct cooling circuit.

[0070] The controller is also configured to adjust the opening of the first control valve 23 based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20 when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling circuit.

[0071] For example, if the actual pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20 is less than the set pressure, the opening of the first control valve 23 is reduced.

[0072] It is important to understand that in the direct cooling circuit, the refrigerant after passing through the battery pack cooling plate may have excessively high temperature and pressure. By controlling the first control valve 23 and the second heat exchanger 16, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after passing through the battery pack cooling plate can be controlled, thus preventing the refrigerant from having excessively high pressure and temperature when flowing into the compressor.

[0073] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a second control valve 24 and / or a third control valve 25.

[0074] The second control valve 24 is located between the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchanger 17 and the second end of the cooling plate 20 in the direct heating circuit. The third control valve 25 is located between the first end of the cooling plate 20 and the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank 13 in the direct heating circuit.

[0075] The controller is also configured to: adjust the opening of the second control valve 24 based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling plate 20 when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct heating circuit; and / or adjust the opening of the first throttling device 19 based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device 19.

[0076] As an example, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, the opening of the third control valve 25 is adjusted based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20.

[0077] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the thermal management system also includes: a fourth control valve 26 and a first check valve 27.

[0078] The first end of the fourth control valve 26 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 11, the second end of the fourth control valve 26 is connected to the first end of the check valve, and the second end of the check valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank 13.

[0079] The controller is also configured to adjust the opening of the fourth control valve 26 and the first check valve 27 based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the liquid storage tank 13.

[0080] For example, if the actual temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the storage tank 13 is lower than the set temperature, the fourth control valve 26 and the first check valve 27 are opened.

[0081] It should be understood that by setting the fourth control valve 26 and the first check valve 27, when the actual temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the storage tank is too low, the actual temperature of the refrigerant is adjusted by opening the fourth control valve 26 and the first check valve 27, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the first throttling device meets the requirements.

[0082] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, such as Figure 7As shown, the thermal management system also includes: a fifth control valve 28, a second throttling device 29, and an eighth solenoid valve 30.

[0083] The first end of the eighth solenoid valve 30 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 12, the second end of the eighth solenoid valve 30 is connected to the first end of the second throttling device 29, the second end of the second throttling device 29 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 11, the first end of the fifth control valve 28 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 12, and the second end of the fifth control valve 28 is connected to the second end of the second throttling device 29.

[0084] The controller is also configured to adjust the opening degree of the fifth control valve 28, the second throttling device 29, and the eighth solenoid valve 30 based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate 20.

[0085] As an example, when the actual pressure at the first end of the battery pack cooling plate 20 is less than the set pressure, the controller controls the eighth solenoid valve 30 to open, and the opening of the fifth control valve 28 and the second throttling device 29 to be increased.

[0086] It should be understood that the refrigerant flow rate at the compressor inlet is adjusted by regulating the opening of the fifth control valve 28, the second throttling device 29, and the eighth solenoid valve 30, thereby protecting the compressor to operate stably at high speed.

[0087] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the thermal management system also includes a constant temperature water tank 31 and four water pumps 32, which correspond to the first heat exchanger 15, the second heat exchanger 16, the third heat exchanger 17, and the fourth heat exchanger 18.

[0088] The four heat exchangers, namely the first heat exchanger 15, the second heat exchanger 16, the third heat exchanger 17, and the fourth heat exchanger 18, are all equipped with refrigerant pipelines and antifreeze pipelines for mutual heat exchange. For any one of the four heat exchangers, the inlet of the antifreeze pipeline is connected to the first end of the water pump 32 corresponding to the heat exchanger, the second end of the water pump 32 corresponding to the heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the constant temperature water tank 31, and the inlet of the constant temperature water tank 31 is connected to the outlet of the antifreeze pipeline of the heat exchanger.

[0089] like Figure 8As shown, end A of each heat exchanger is the refrigerant inlet, end B is the antifreeze inlet, end a is the refrigerant outlet, end b is the antifreeze outlet, end B is connected to the first end of the water pump 32, and end b is connected to the inlet of the constant temperature water tank 31.

[0090] The controller is also configured to adjust the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device 19, when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling loop.

[0091] And / or, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating loop, the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 is adjusted based on the actual temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling plate 20 and the set temperature.

[0092] And / or, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, the operating frequency of the water pumps corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 and the fourth heat exchanger 18 is adjusted based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device 19.

[0093] For example, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling loop, if the actual temperature of the refrigerant before flowing into the first throttling device 19 is lower than the set temperature, the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 is reduced. Alternatively, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating loop, if the actual temperature of the refrigerant before flowing into the first throttling device 19 is lower than the set temperature, the operating frequency of the water pumps corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 and the fourth heat exchanger 18 is reduced.

[0094] It should be noted that the aforementioned constant temperature water tank 31 has temperature feedback and automatic heating functions. If the temperature of the antifreeze in the constant temperature water tank 31 deviates from the preset value, the constant temperature water tank 31 will automatically control the temperature of the antifreeze to rise or fall. The preset value can be set by the user in advance according to the temperature control requirements of the battery pack cooling plate.

[0095] Since the refrigerant flows in a gaseous state in the direct cooling circuit and the direct heating circuit in this embodiment, the above-mentioned thermal management system also includes a gas-liquid separator to separate the refrigerant into gas and liquid components. The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0096] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, in some embodiments, Figure 9 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the thermal management system also includes a gas-liquid separator 33.

[0097] Among them, the gas-liquid separator 33 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 11 through its refrigerant outlet. The gas-liquid separator 33 is used to separate the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path that is to enter the compressor 11 into gas and liquid, and output the separated gaseous refrigerant to the compressor 11.

[0098] Since the gas discharged from the compressor in this embodiment contains lubricating oil, in order to ensure the safe operation of the thermal management system, the thermal management system also includes an oil separator to separate the oil from the gas discharged from the compressor. The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0099] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the thermal management system also includes an oil separator 34 and a ninth solenoid valve 35.

[0100] The oil separator 34 has an oil inlet connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 11 and a lubricating oil outlet connected to the lubricating oil inlet of the compressor 11. The oil separator 34 is used to separate the oil flowing in from the oil inlet into refrigerant and lubricating oil, outputting the refrigerant to the refrigerant pipeline and returning the lubricating oil to the compressor 11.

[0101] The ninth solenoid valve 35 is located between the lubricating oil outlet of the oil separator 34 and the lubricating oil inlet of the compressor 11.

[0102] As an example, when the thermal management system is in operation, the ninth solenoid valve 35 should be in the open state so that the lubricating oil separated by the oil separator 34 can return to the compressor 11.

[0103] exist Figure 1 Based on the thermal management system shown, Figure 11 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the aforementioned thermal management system further includes: a first manual ball valve 36, a second manual ball valve 37, a sight glass 38, a mass flow meter 39, a first filling valve 40, a second filling valve 41, a second check valve 42, and a third check valve 43.

[0104] Specifically, the first end of the first manual ball valve 36 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank 13, and the second end of the first manual ball valve 36 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the dryer filter 14. The first end of the second manual ball valve 37 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the dryer filter 14, and the second end of the second manual ball valve 37 is connected to the first end of the sight glass 38. The second end of the sight glass 38 is connected to the first end of the mass flow meter 39, and the second end of the mass flow meter 39 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the first heat exchanger 15.

[0105] The first end of the first charging valve 40 is connected to the second end of the third solenoid valve 213, the second end of the first charging valve 40 is connected to the first end of the cooling plate 20, the first end of the second charging valve 41 is connected to the second end of the cooling plate 20, and the second end of the second charging valve 41 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchanger 17.

[0106] The first end of the second one-way valve 42 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchanger 16, the second end of the second one-way valve 42 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 33, the first end of the third one-way valve 43 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 18, and the second end of the third one-way valve 43 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 33.

[0107] See Figure 1 and Figure 11 The aforementioned first throttling device 19 includes: a tenth solenoid valve 191, an eleventh solenoid valve 192, a twelfth solenoid valve 193, a first electronic expansion valve 194, and a second electronic expansion valve 195. The first ends of the tenth solenoid valve 191, the eleventh solenoid valve 192, and the twelfth solenoid valve 193 are respectively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchanger 15. The second end of the tenth solenoid valve 191 is connected to the first end of the first electronic expansion valve 194. The second end of the eleventh solenoid valve 192 is connected to the first end of the second electronic expansion valve 195. The second ends of the tenth solenoid valve 191, the eleventh solenoid valve 192, and the twelfth solenoid valve 193 are respectively connected to the first end of the third solenoid valve 213.

[0108] Among them, the tenth solenoid valve 191 is used to control the opening and closing of the refrigerant passage where the first electronic expansion valve 194 is located, the eleventh solenoid valve 192 is used to control the opening and closing of the refrigerant passage where the second electronic expansion valve 195 is located, the twelfth solenoid valve 193 is used to quickly inject refrigerant when the thermal management system is activated, the first electronic expansion valve 194 is used to coarsely adjust the refrigerant flow rate, and the second electronic expansion valve 195 is used to finely adjust the refrigerant flow rate.

[0109] The second throttling device 29 includes: a third electronic expansion valve.

[0110] In the aforementioned thermal management system, the first manual ball valve 36 and the second manual ball valve 37 are detachable valves, facilitating the replacement of the dryer filter 14. A sight glass 38 is used to check the refrigerant status. A mass flow meter 39 is used to monitor the refrigerant flow rate in the thermal management system. The first charging valve 40 and the second charging valve 41 are used to inject refrigerant into the cooling plate 20.

[0111] The first end of the second check valve 42 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchanger, and the second end of the second check valve 42 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 33. The first end of the third check valve 43 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and the second end of the third check valve 43 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 33.

[0112] It should be noted that in this thermal management system, pressure sensors (P6, P7) and temperature sensors (T6, T7) are installed at both the first and second ends of the cooling plate 20. Pressure sensors (P1, P2) and temperature sensors (T1, T2) are installed at both the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the compressor 11. Pressure sensors and temperature sensors are installed at the refrigerant outlets of the first heat exchanger 15, second heat exchanger 16, third heat exchanger 17, and fourth heat exchanger 18, respectively. The pressure sensor at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchanger 15 and... Temperature sensors are (P5, T5), pressure and temperature sensors at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchanger 16 are (P8, T8), pressure and temperature sensors at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchanger 17 are (P10, T10), pressure and temperature sensors at the refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 18 are (P9, T9), pressure and temperature sensors (P3, T3) are installed at the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 12, and pressure and temperature sensors (P4, T4) are installed at the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank 13.

[0113] It should be understood that the controller communicates with each of the aforementioned temperature and pressure sensors to control other components of the thermal management system based on temperature and pressure changes from each sensor. The specific process is as follows:

[0114] 1. When the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling circuit, if the actual pressure and temperature at the first end of the battery pack cooling plate 20 deviate from the set pressure and temperature, the controller controls the opening of the first regulating valve and the first throttling device 19, or adjusts the opening of the fifth control valve 28, the second throttling device 29, and the eighth solenoid valve 30. When the actual pressure and temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the first throttling device 19 deviate from the set pressure and temperature, the controller controls the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 and the operating frequency of the condenser 12.

[0115] Specifically, when the actual pressure at the first end of the battery pack cooling plate 20 is less than the set pressure and / or the actual temperature is less than the set temperature, the controller controls the opening of the first regulating valve to decrease and / or the opening of the first throttling device 19 to increase.

[0116] When the actual pressure at the first end of the battery pack cooling plate 20 is less than the set pressure, the controller controls the eighth solenoid valve 30 to open, and the opening of the fifth control valve 28 and the second throttling device 29 to increase.

[0117] When the actual pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the first throttling device 19 is less than the set pressure and / or the actual temperature is less than the set temperature, the controller controls the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 to decrease and the operating frequency of the condenser 12 to decrease.

[0118] 2. When the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, if the actual pressure and temperature at the second end of the battery pack cooling plate 20 deviate from the set pressure and temperature, the controller adjusts the opening degree of the second control valve 24 and / or the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the third heat exchanger 17; or, it adjusts the opening degree of the fifth control valve 28, the second throttling device 29, and the eighth solenoid valve 30. When the actual pressure and temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the first throttling device 19 deviate from the set pressure and temperature, the controller adjusts the rated operating frequency of the water pumps corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 and the fourth heat exchanger 18, and controls the opening degree of the first throttling device 19.

[0119] Specifically, when the actual pressure at the second end of the battery pack cooling plate 20 is less than the set pressure and / or the actual temperature is less than the set temperature, the controller controls the opening of the second control valve 24 to be increased and / or the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the third heat exchanger 17 to be decreased.

[0120] When the actual pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the first throttling device 19 is less than the set pressure and / or the actual temperature is less than the set temperature, the controller controls the operating frequency of the water pumps corresponding to the first heat exchanger 15 and the fourth heat exchanger 18 to decrease, and controls the opening of the first throttling device 19 to decrease.

[0121] It's important to understand that the values ​​of each temperature and pressure sensor in the aforementioned direct cooling and direct heating processes are not fixed and will fluctuate within a certain range. Therefore, when comparing the actual pressure with the set pressure or the actual temperature with the set temperature, it will be determined whether the actual pressure or actual temperature is within the corresponding preset range. If it is within the preset range, no temperature or pressure control is required. The preset range is determined based on the user's control requirements.

[0122] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, when there is a need to control the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant, the controller uses a PID algorithm to control the condenser, water pump, control valve, and electronic expansion valve. For example... Figure 12 As shown, SP represents the set pressure and / or set temperature, and PV represents the actual pressure and / or actual temperature. For condensers and control valves, SP represents the set pressure and PV represents the actual pressure; for water pumps and electronic expansion valves, SP represents the set temperature and PV represents the actual temperature.

[0123] The thermal management system of this application embodiment is divided into a direct cooling loop and a direct heating loop. A switching device controls the flow of refrigerant within the thermal management system, enabling refrigerant circulation in either the direct cooling or direct heating loop. This achieves the goal of controlling the battery pack temperature based on a single compressor, satisfying both direct cooling and direct heating requirements while reducing the manufacturing cost of the thermal management system. Furthermore, given the limited internal space of the thermal management system, the arrangement of equipment and piping makes the internal components more compact, reducing the system's footprint.

[0124] The thermal management system of this application embodiment is equipped with temperature and pressure sensors at the refrigerant inlet or outlet of multiple devices. When there is a need for temperature or pressure control, multiple control valves, throttling devices, condensers and heat exchangers in the direct cooling or direct heating circuit are controlled simultaneously to achieve multi-level control of temperature or pressure. Compared with the process of controlling temperature or pressure in the prior art, the control accuracy achieved by the embodiment of this application is higher, that is, the preset range of the preset temperature sensor and / or pressure sensor is smaller, and the temperature control result of the battery pack cooling plate is more accurate.

[0125] The thermal management system of this application embodiment addresses the issue that the temperature of the battery pack affects its performance; excessively hot or cold temperatures reduce its range. This thermal management system employs direct cooling and heating control for the battery pack cooling plate. When the battery pack discharges, its temperature rises, and this solution cools the cooling plate. Conversely, when the battery pack charges, its temperature decreases, and this solution heats the cooling plate, ensuring thermal balance during charging and discharging. This effectively solves the problem of severely reduced range during normal battery life.

[0126] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that, include: Compressor (11), condenser (12), liquid receiver (13), dryer filter (14), first heat exchanger (15), second heat exchanger (16), third heat exchanger (17), fourth heat exchanger (18), first throttling device (19), cooling plate (20), switching device (21), controller and first control valve (23); The refrigerant flow path of the thermal management system includes: The direct cooling circuit is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor (11), the condenser (12), the liquid storage tank (13), the dryer filter (14), the first heat exchanger (15), the first throttling device (19), the cooling plate (20), and the second heat exchanger (16). The direct cooling circuit is used to reduce the temperature of the cooling plate (20). The direct heating circuit is a refrigerant circulation circuit constructed by sequentially connecting the compressor (11), the third heat exchanger (17), the cooling plate (20), the liquid storage tank (13), the dryer filter (14), the first heat exchanger (15), the first throttling device (19), and the fourth heat exchanger (18). The direct heating circuit is used to increase the temperature of the cooling plate (20). The switching device (21) is used to control the circulation of the refrigerant in the direct cooling circuit or the direct heating circuit; The first control valve (23) is located between the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger (16) and the second end of the cooling plate (20) in the direct cooling circuit; The controller is configured to adjust the opening of the first control valve (23) based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate (20) when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling circuit.

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching device (21) includes: a direct cooling circuit solenoid valve and a direct heating circuit solenoid valve; wherein, When the solenoid valve of the direct cooling circuit is open and the solenoid valve of the direct heating circuit is closed, the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling circuit; or... When the solenoid valve of the direct cooling circuit is closed and the solenoid valve of the direct heating circuit is open, the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit.

3. The thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The direct cooling circuit solenoid valve includes: The first solenoid valve (211) has its first end connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor (11) and its second end connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser (12). The second solenoid valve (212) has its first end connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser (12) and its second end connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (13). The third solenoid valve (213) has its first end connected to the first end of the first throttling device (19) and its second end connected to the first end of the cooling plate (20). The fourth solenoid valve (214) has its first end connected to the second end of the cooling plate (20) and its second end connected to the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger (16).

4. The thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The direct-heating circuit solenoid valve includes: The fifth solenoid valve (215) has its first end connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor (11) and its second end connected to the refrigerant inlet of the third heat exchanger (17). The sixth solenoid valve (216) has its first end connected to the first end of the cooling plate (20) and its second end connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (13). The seventh solenoid valve (217) has its first end connected to the first end of the first throttling device (19), and its second end connected to the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (18).

5. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is configured to: adjust the operating frequency of the condenser (12) based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device (19) when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct cooling circuit; and / or adjust the opening of the first throttling device (19) based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate (20).

6. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes: a second control valve (24) and / or a third control valve (25); The second control valve (24) is disposed between the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchanger (17) and the second end of the cooling plate (20) in the direct heating circuit; The third control valve (25) is located between the first end of the cooling plate (20) and the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (13) in the direct heating circuit; The controller is further configured to: adjust the opening of the second control valve (24) based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling plate (20) when the refrigerant is circulating in the direct heating circuit; and / or adjust the opening of the third control valve (25) based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate (20); and / or adjust the opening of the first throttling device (19) based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device (19).

7. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes: a fourth control valve (26) and a first check valve (27); The first end of the fourth control valve (26) is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor (11), the second end of the fourth control valve (26) is connected to the first end of the check valve (27), and the second end of the check valve (27) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (13). The controller is also configured to adjust the opening of the fourth control valve (26) and the first check valve (27) based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the liquid storage tank (13).

8. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes: a fifth control valve (28), a second throttling device (29), and an eighth solenoid valve (30); wherein, The first end of the eighth solenoid valve (30) is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser (12), the second end of the eighth solenoid valve (30) is connected to the first end of the second throttling device, the second end of the second throttling device (29) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor (11), the first end of the fifth control valve (28) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser (12), and the second end of the fifth control valve (28) is connected to the second end of the second throttling device (29). The controller is also configured to adjust the opening of the fifth control valve (28), the second throttling device (29) and the eighth solenoid valve (30) based on the actual pressure and set pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling plate (20).

9. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a constant temperature water tank (31) and four water pumps (32), the four water pumps (32) corresponding to the first heat exchanger (15), the second heat exchanger (16), the third heat exchanger (17) and the fourth heat exchanger (18); The first heat exchanger (15), the second heat exchanger (16), the third heat exchanger (17) and the fourth heat exchanger (18) are all equipped with refrigerant pipelines and antifreeze pipelines for heat exchange between each other. For any one of the four heat exchangers, namely the first heat exchanger (15), the second heat exchanger (16), the third heat exchanger (17), and the fourth heat exchanger (18), the inlet of the antifreeze pipeline of the heat exchanger is connected to the first end of the water pump (32) corresponding to the heat exchanger, the second end of the water pump (32) corresponding to the heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the constant temperature water tank (31), and the inlet of the constant temperature water tank (31) is connected to the outlet of the antifreeze pipeline of the heat exchanger. The controller is also configured to: when the refrigerant circulates in the direct cooling circuit, adjust the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger (15) based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device (19); And / or, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, the operating frequency of the water pump corresponding to the first heat exchanger (15) is adjusted based on the actual temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling plate (20) and the set temperature. And / or, when the refrigerant circulates in the direct heating circuit, the operating frequency of the water pumps corresponding to the first heat exchanger (15) and the fourth heat exchanger (18) is adjusted based on the actual temperature and set temperature of the refrigerant before it flows into the first throttling device (19).

10. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system also includes: Gas-liquid separator (33), the refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator (33) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor (11), the gas-liquid separator (33) is used to separate the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path to enter the compressor (11) into gas and liquid, and output the separated gaseous refrigerant to the compressor (11).

11. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system also includes: An oil separator (34) is provided, with its oil inlet connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor (11) and its lubricating oil outlet connected to the lubricating oil inlet of the compressor (11). The oil separator (34) is used to separate the oil flowing in from the oil inlet into refrigerant and lubricating oil, output the refrigerant to the refrigerant pipeline, and return the lubricating oil to the compressor (11). The ninth solenoid valve (35) is located between the lubricating oil outlet of the oil separator and the lubricating oil inlet of the compressor (11).

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-11.

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