High-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural wastes

Abstract

The invention relates to an agricultural waste high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device which comprises a base, a smashing box and a feeding box, the top surface and the bottom surface of the smashing box are vertically arranged on the base in a communicating mode, a pair of electrically-driven smashing rollers is arranged in the smashing box, and the two smashing rollers are arranged in parallel at intervals and rotate in opposite directions; the top bottom face of the feeding box is vertically arranged at the top of the smashing box in a communicating mode, a pair of electrically-driven scattering frames is arranged in the feeding box, and the two scattering frames can be close to or away from each other in the horizontal direction. The device can scatter waste by controlling the two scattering frames to be far away from each other in the horizontal direction, the scattered waste falls into the crushing box below and is fully crushed through extrusion, shearing and grinding of the crushing rollers, finally, the crushed waste is discharged from an opening in the bottom of the crushing box, and pretreatment work before high-concentration anaerobic fermentation is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of anaerobic fermentation pretreatment, in particular to a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste. Background Art

[0002] Anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste is a process of decomposing agricultural waste under anaerobic conditions to produce biogas, with high treatment efficiency and resource utilization. During the anaerobic fermentation process, agricultural waste such as livestock manure, crop straw, fruit and vegetable waste, etc. will be placed in a blending pool, mixed in a certain proportion, and adjusted for pH value, moisture content, carbon-nitrogen ratio and other parameters, and then the mixture will be placed in an anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation.

[0003] The pretreatment of agricultural waste anaerobic fermentation mainly involves the crushing process of rod-shaped objects (such as straw) before fermentation. The existing rod-shaped objects are generally introduced into the pretreatment device in piles through a conveyor belt or an excavator, and the pretreatment device uses a double-shaft crusher to crush the rod-shaped objects for pretreatment. However, since the waste introduced into the pretreatment device is easy to pile up and is not easy to break up, it affects the efficiency of subsequent pretreatment and fermentation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural wastes which can pre-break up the introduced wastes.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste, comprising a base, a crushing box and a feed box. The top and bottom surfaces of the crushing box are vertically connected and arranged on the base, and a pair of electrically driven crushing rollers are arranged inside the crushing box. The two crushing rollers are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and rotate in opposite directions. The top and bottom surfaces of the feed box are vertically connected and arranged on the top of the crushing box. A pair of electrically driven breaking frames are arranged in the feed box, and the two breaking frames can approach or move away from each other in the horizontal direction.

[0006] Preferably, an electrically driven rotating shaft is provided on the feed box, and an internal gear is respectively connected and fixed to the rotating shaft at the two opposite inner side walls of the feed box. The two opposite inner side walls of the feed box are also slidably connected with internal racks, which can slide in the horizontal direction. A breaking frame is fixed on each inner rack, and the internal gears are meshed and connected with the internal racks in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0007] Preferably, a horizontally extending slide groove is opened on the inner side wall of the feed box, and the inner rack is limitedly installed in the slide groove. When the two breakers approach each other to the extreme position, the two breakers remain symmetrically located in the middle position inside the feed box.

[0008] Preferably, two dust covers are slidably connected to the top of the feed box, and the two dust covers are buckled together to seal the top opening of the feed box. Both axial ends of the rotating shaft pass through the feed box, and the two protruding ends of the rotating shaft respectively drive a dust cover to move through a transmission assembly; when the two debonding frames approach each other, the two dust covers move away from each other; when the two debonding frames move away from each other, the two dust covers approach each other.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of laterally extending insertion rods are provided on the inner side wall of the dust cover, and when the two dust covers are buckled together, the insertion rods on the two dust covers are arranged in parallel and at intervals.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a driving gear, a driven gear and an external rack. The driving gear is fixed on the outlet end of the rotating shaft, the driven gear is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feed box, the driving gear and the driven gear are connected by a toothed belt transmission, the external rack is slidably arranged in a slideway on the outer wall of the feed box, the bottom of the external rack is meshed with the driven gear, and the dust cover is fixed on one side of the external rack.

[0011] Preferably, the outer rack is connected and fixed to the dust cover by a threaded fastener.

[0012] Preferably, the debonding frame comprises a connecting plate and an inserting rod, wherein the connecting plate is movably arranged in the feed box in a horizontal direction, and a plurality of inserting rods are arranged on the connecting plate in a vertically spaced manner.

[0013] Preferably, the debonding frame also includes a support plate, the insertion rods are slidably connected to the connecting plate, the bottoms of multiple insertion rods pass through the connecting plate and are fixed on one support plate at the same time, each insertion rod is provided with a spring, one end of the spring abuts against the connecting plate, and the other end abuts against the support plate, and a limiting plate is fixed to the inner side wall of the feed box, the limiting plate is located below the support plate, and the top surface of the limiting plate extends obliquely downward toward the horizontal edge of the inner side wall of the feed box.

[0014] Preferably, the free end of the insertion rod is a rounded pointed structure.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of the present invention is in use, it is necessary to introduce the piled waste into the feed box through the top opening of the feed box by means of a conveyor belt or an excavator. At this time, a large amount of waste is inserted into the scrambler under the action of its own gravity, and then the waste can be scrambled by controlling the two scramblers to move away from each other in the horizontal direction. The scrambled waste falls into the crushing box below and is fully crushed by the squeezing, shearing and grinding of the crushing roller, and finally discharged from the bottom opening of the crushing box, thereby completing the pretreatment work before high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.

[0016] Obviously, the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of the present invention can break up the introduced waste in advance, which is beneficial to ensure the efficiency of subsequent pretreatment and fermentation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a front structural schematic diagram of a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the crushing roller on the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper feed box of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the disassembled frame on the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A in the middle.

[0024] The reference numerals are described as follows: 1. Base 403, support plate 2. Crushing box 404, spring 201, crushing roller 5, dust cover 3. Feed box 6. Motor housing 301, shaft 7, driving gear 302, internal gear 8, driven gear 303, inner rack 9, outer rack 4. Break up 10. Toothed belt 401, insert rod 11, slide 402, connecting plate 12, limiting plate DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0029] See also Figures 1 to 3 The present embodiment provides a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste, including a base 1, a crushing box 2 and a feed box 3. The crushing box 2 is vertically arranged on the base 1 with its top and bottom surfaces connected, and a pair of electrically driven crushing rollers 201 are arranged inside the crushing box 2. The two crushing rollers 201 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and rotate in opposite directions. The feed box 3 is vertically arranged on the top of the crushing box 2 with its top and bottom surfaces connected, and a pair of electrically driven breakers 4 are arranged inside the feed box 3. The two breakers 4 can approach or move away from each other in the horizontal direction.

[0030] In the initial state of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of this embodiment, the two breaking racks 4 are in a state of being close to each other in the horizontal direction; when in use, it is necessary to introduce the piled waste into the feed box 3 through the top opening of the feed box 3 by a conveyor belt or an excavator. At this time, a large amount of waste is inserted into the breaking rack 4 under the action of its own gravity, and then the waste can be broken up by controlling the two breaking racks 4 to move away from each other in the horizontal direction. The broken waste falls into the crushing box 2 below and is fully crushed by the squeezing, shearing and grinding of the crushing roller 201, and finally discharged from the bottom opening of the crushing box 2, completing the pretreatment work before high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.

[0031] Obviously, the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of this embodiment can break up the introduced waste in advance, which is beneficial to ensure the efficiency of subsequent pretreatment and fermentation.

[0032] Preferably, in this embodiment, a motor is provided on the outer side wall of the crushing box 2, and the crushing roller 201 inside the crushing box 2 rotates under the drive of the motor.

[0033] Preferably, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 An electrically driven rotating shaft 301 is passed through the feed box 3, and an internal gear 302 is respectively fixed to the rotating shaft 301 at the two opposite inner side walls of the feed box 3. Internal racks 303 are also slidably connected to the two opposite inner side walls of the feed box 3, and the internal racks 303 can slide in the horizontal direction. A breaking frame 4 is fixed to each internal rack 303, and the internal gears 302 are meshed and connected with the internal racks 303 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0034] After the piles of waste are introduced into the feed box 3, the rotating shaft 301 drives the two inner racks 303 to move in opposite directions through the inner gear 302, and the breaking frame 4 located on the inner rack 303 also moves accordingly, thereby separating and breaking up the piles of waste, thereby ensuring the efficiency of subsequent anaerobic fermentation.

[0035] Preferably, see Figures 1 to 4 A horizontally extending slide groove (not shown in the figure) is opened on the inner wall of the feed box 3, and the inner rack 303 is limitedly installed in the slide groove. When the two breakers 4 approach each other to the extreme position, the two breakers 4 remain symmetrically located in the middle position inside the feed box 3.

[0036] The setting of the slide groove can limit the sliding position of the inner rack 303 to prevent the inner rack 303 from detaching from the inner gear 302; and when the two breakers 4 approach each other to the extreme position, the two breakers 4 remain symmetrically located in the middle position inside the feed box 3, so that as much waste as possible can be inserted into the breakers 4, thereby further improving the breakup effect of the piled waste.

[0037] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 Two dust covers 5 are slidably connected to the top of the feed box 3, and the two dust covers 5 are buckled together to block the top opening of the feed box 3. Both axial ends of the rotating shaft 301 pass through the feed box 3, and the two passing ends of the rotating shaft 301 drive a dust cover 5 to move through a transmission assembly respectively; when the two disassembling frames 4 approach each other, the two dust covers 5 move away from each other; when the two disassembling frames 4 move away from each other, the two dust covers 5 approach each other.

[0038] When the waste is introduced into the feed box 3, the two dust covers 5 move away from each other to open the top opening of the feed box 3, and the two scattering frames 4 also move close to each other to the initial position, and a large amount of waste is inserted into the scattering frame 4 under the action of its own gravity; when the scattering operation is performed, the two scattering frames 4 move away from each other to the extreme position to scatter the piled waste, and at this time the two dust covers 5 also engage with each other, thereby closing the top opening of the feed box 3 and reducing the dust generated during the crushing operation.

[0039] Preferably, see Figure 2 In this embodiment, a motor housing 6 is fixed on the outer wall of the feed box 3, and the motor in the motor housing 6 is axially connected to the rotating shaft 301 through a driving shaft.

[0040] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 A plurality of laterally extending insertion rods 401 are arranged on the inner side wall of the dust cover 5. When the two dust covers 5 are buckled together, the insertion rods 401 on the two dust covers 5 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. When the two dust covers 5 are buckled together, the insertion rods 401 on the dust covers 5 can break up the waste in the feed box 3 again.

[0041] Preferably, see Figures 1 to 4 The transmission assembly includes a driving gear 7, a driven gear 8 and an external rack 9. The driving gear 7 is fixed on the outlet end of the rotating shaft 301, and the driven gear 8 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feed box 3. The driving gear 7 and the driven gear 8 are connected by a toothed belt 10. The external rack 9 is slidably set in a slideway 11 on the outer wall of the feed box 3. The bottom of the external rack 9 is meshed with the driven gear 8, and the dust cover 5 is fixed on one side of the external rack 9.

[0042] When the rotating shaft 301 rotates, the driven gear 8 can be driven to rotate by the driving gear 7 under the action of the toothed belt 10. Because the driven gear 8 is meshed with the bottom of the outer rack 9, the outer rack 9 can be driven to move in the slide 11 of the outer wall of the feed box 3, and finally the two dust covers 5 are closed in the process of breaking up the waste.

[0043] Preferably, the outer rack 9 is connected and fixed to the dust cover 5 by a threaded fastener. When the movement of the dust cover 5 needs to be controlled separately, the threaded fastener is loosened and the connection between the outer rack 9 and the dust cover 5 is released.

[0044] Preferably, in this embodiment, the threaded fastener may be a bolt.

[0045] Preferably, see Figures 4 to 6The decomposing frame 4 includes a connecting plate 402 and an inserting rod 401. The connecting plate 402 is horizontally movable and arranged in the feed box 3. A plurality of inserting rods 401 are vertically spaced and arranged on the connecting plate 402. When the piled waste is introduced into the feed box 3 through the top opening of the feed box 3 by a conveyor belt or an excavator, a large amount of waste is inserted into the inserting rod 401 of the decomposing frame 4 under the action of its own gravity.

[0046] Preferably, see Figure 5 and Figure 7 The disassembly frame 4 also includes a support plate 403, a plug rod 401 and a connecting plate 402 that are slidably connected, the bottoms of multiple plug rods 401 pass through the connecting plate 402 and are fixed on a support plate 403 at the same time, each plug rod 401 is sleeved with a spring 404, one end of the spring 404 abuts against the connecting plate 402, and the other end abuts against the support plate 403, and a limit plate 12 is fixed to the inner side wall of the feed box 3, the limit plate 12 is located below the support plate 403, and the top surface of the limit plate 12 extends obliquely downward toward the horizontal edge of the inner side wall of the feed box 3. In the process of the two disassembly frames 4 moving away from each other, the support plate 403 drives the plug rod 401 to move downward relative to the connecting plate 402 under the action of the restoring force of the spring 404, thereby exporting the waste still inserted on the plug rod 401.

[0047] Preferably, see Figure 7 In order to improve the movement stability, in this embodiment, the bottom surface of the support plate 403 is an inclined surface and fits with the top surface of the limiting plate 12.

[0048] Preferably, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The free end of the insertion rod 401 is a rounded pointed structure, so as to facilitate insertion into the interior of the pile of waste.

[0049] In addition, the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of this embodiment has a variety of different models. Depending on the model, the processing capacity ranges from several tons per hour to several hundred tons per hour. The user can determine the model according to the needs. Specifically, some small or medium-sized pretreatment devices may be suitable for processing smaller-scale agricultural waste, such as processing several tons or tens of tons of waste per hour; while large-scale pretreatment devices can process larger-scale agricultural waste, and their processing capacity may reach several hundred tons per hour. At the same time, since this pretreatment device uses a pair of crushing rollers for crushing operations, the degree of crushing is high and the material can be crushed into small pieces or fragments.

[0050] In the process of high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, after the waste pretreatment is completed using the above-mentioned pretreatment device, it is still necessary to go through the following stages: Hydrolysis and acidification stage: In this stage, a variety of anaerobic or facultative anaerobic hydrolytic or fermentative bacteria hydrolyze sugars such as cellulose and starch into monosaccharides to form pyruvate; at the same time, proteins are hydrolyzed into amino acids to form organic acids and ammonia; lipids are hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids, ultimately forming propionic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0051] Acetic acid and hydrogen production stage: In this stage, the anaerobic hydrogen and acetic acid producing bacteria decompose the various organic acids produced in the hydrolysis and acidification stage into acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, of which acetic acid accounts for about 80%.

[0052] Methanogenic stage: In this stage, strictly anaerobic methanogenic bacteria use acetic acid decarboxylation reaction and one-carbon compounds (such as carbon dioxide, formic acid, methanol, methylamine or carbon monoxide), two-carbon compounds (such as acetic acid) and hydrogen to produce methane. This is the final stage of the anaerobic fermentation process and the key stage for the production of methane as the main product.

[0053] The entire anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in an oxygen-deficient environment, and appropriate conditions such as water content and temperature need to be controlled to promote the active metabolism of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter. Through this process, agricultural rod-shaped waste can be effectively converted into valuable resources such as organic fertilizer or biogas, realizing the recycling of resources and sustainable development of the environment.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), a crushing box (2) and a feed box (3); the crushing box (2) is vertically arranged on the base (1) with the top and bottom surfaces thereof being connected; a pair of electrically driven crushing rollers (201) is arranged inside the crushing box (2); the two crushing rollers (201) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and rotate in opposite directions; the feed box (3) is vertically arranged on the top of the crushing box (2) with the top and bottom surfaces thereof being connected; a pair of electrically driven breakers (4) is arranged inside the feed box (3); the two breakers (4) are capable of moving closer to or farther from each other in a horizontal direction.

2. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed box (3) is provided with an electrically driven rotating shaft (301), and the rotating shaft (301) is respectively connected with an internal gear (302) at the positions of the two opposite inner side walls of the feed box (3). The two opposite inner side walls of the feed box (3) are also slidably connected with internal racks (303), and the internal racks (303) can slide in the horizontal direction. Each of the internal racks (303) is respectively fixed with a breaking frame (4), and the internal gears (302) are meshed and connected with the internal racks (303) in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: A horizontally extending slide groove is provided on the inner side wall of the feed box (3), and the inner rack (303) is limitedly installed in the slide groove. When the two breakers (4) approach each other to the extreme position, the two breakers (4) remain symmetrically located in the middle position inside the feed box (3).

4. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two dust covers (5) are slidably connected to the top of the feed box (3), and the two dust covers (5) are interlocked to block the top opening of the feed box (3). Both axial ends of the rotating shaft (301) pass through the feed box (3), and the two protruding ends of the rotating shaft (301) respectively drive one of the dust covers (5) to move through a transmission component; when the two disassembling frames (4) approach each other, the two dust covers (5) move away from each other; when the two disassembling frames (4) move away from each other, the two dust covers (5) approach each other.

5. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of laterally extending insertion rods (401) are arranged on the inner side wall of the dust cover (5); when two dust covers (5) are buckled together, the insertion rods (401) on the two dust covers (5) are arranged in parallel and at intervals.

6. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission assembly comprises a driving gear (7), a driven gear (8) and an external rack (9); the driving gear (7) is fixedly connected to the protruding end of the rotating shaft (301); the driven gear (8) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feed box (3); the driving gear (7) and the driven gear (8) are connected by a toothed belt (10); the external rack (9) is slidably arranged in a slideway (11) on the outer wall of the feed box (3); the bottom of the external rack (9) is meshedly connected to the driven gear (8); and the dust cover (5) is fixed to one side of the external rack (9).

7. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer rack (9) is connected and fixed to the dust cover (5) via a threaded fastener.

8. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disassembly frame (4) comprises a connecting plate (402) and an insertion rod (401); the connecting plate (402) is movably arranged in the feed box (3) along a horizontal direction; and a plurality of the insertion rods (401) are arranged on the connecting plate (402) at intervals in a vertical direction.

9. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The disassembly frame (4) further comprises a support plate (403), the insertion rod (401) is slidably connected to the connecting plate (402), the bottoms of the plurality of insertion rods (401) pass through the connecting plate (402) and are fixed on one of the support plates (403) at the same time, each of the insertion rods (401) is sleeved with a spring (404), one end of the spring (404) is in contact with the connecting plate (402), and the other end is in contact with the support plate (403), a limiting plate (12) is fixed to the inner side wall of the feed box (3), the limiting plate (12) is located below the support plate (403), and the top surface of the limiting plate (12) extends obliquely downward toward the horizontal edge of the inner side wall of the feed box (3).

10. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to any one of claims 5, 8 and 9, characterized in that: The free end of the insertion rod (401) is a rounded pointed structure.

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