A high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pretreatment device for high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, which includes a base, a crushing box and a feeding box. The crushing box is vertically arranged on the base with its top and bottom surfaces communicating, and a pair of electrically driven crushing rollers are arranged inside the crushing box. The two crushing rollers are arranged in parallel at intervals and rotate in opposite directions. The feeding box is vertically arranged on the top of the crushing box with its top and bottom surfaces communicating, and a pair of electrically driven dispersing frames are arranged inside the feeding box. The two dispersing frames can approach or move away from each other horizontally. The device can disperse the waste by controlling the two dispersing frames to move away from each other horizontally. The dispersed waste falls into the lower crushing box and is fully crushed through the extrusion, shearing and grinding of the crushing rollers, and finally is discharged from the bottom opening of the crushing box to complete the pretreatment work before high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anaerobic fermentation pretreatment, and particularly to a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste. Background Art

[0002] Anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste is a process of decomposing agricultural waste under anaerobic conditions to produce biogas, with relatively high treatment efficiency and resource utilization rate. During the anaerobic fermentation process, agricultural waste such as livestock manure, crop straws, and fruit and vegetable wastes are put into a preparation tank, mixed in a certain proportion, and parameters such as pH value, moisture content, and carbon-nitrogen ratio are adjusted. Subsequently, these mixtures are placed in an anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation.

[0003] The pretreatment of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste mainly involves the pre-fermentation pulverization process of rod-shaped materials (such as straws). Existing rod-shaped materials are generally directly introduced into the pretreatment device in a piled-up manner through a conveyor belt or an excavator, and the pretreatment device uses a double-shaft pulverizer to perform pulverization pretreatment on the rod-shaped materials. However, since the waste introduced into the pretreatment device is prone to pile up and is not easy to disperse, it will affect the efficiency of subsequent pretreatment and fermentation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste that can pre-disperse the introduced waste.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste, including a base, a pulverizing box, and a feeding box. The pulverizing box is vertically arranged on the base with its top and bottom communicating, and a pair of electrically driven pulverizing rollers are arranged inside the pulverizing box. The two pulverizing rollers are arranged in parallel at intervals and rotate in opposite directions. The feeding box is vertically arranged on the top of the pulverizing box with its top and bottom communicating, and a pair of electrically driven dispersing frames are arranged inside the feeding box. The two dispersing frames can approach or move away from each other horizontally.

[0007] Preferably, an electrically driven rotating shaft penetrates through the feeding box, and internal gears are respectively fixedly connected to the positions of the opposite inner side walls of the feeding box through the rotating shaft. Inner racks are also respectively slidably connected to the opposite inner side walls of the feeding box, and the inner racks can slide horizontally. A dispersing frame is fixed to each inner rack, and the internal gears are respectively meshed with the inner racks in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0008] Preferably, a horizontally extending chute is formed on the inner side wall of the feeding box, and the inner rack is limited and installed in the chute. When the two dispersing frames approach each other to the limit position, the two dispersing frames are symmetrically located at the middle position inside the feeding box.

[0009] Preferably, two dust covers are slidably connected to the top of the feed box. The two dust covers are buckled with each other to block the top opening of the feed box. Both axial ends of the rotating shaft penetrate through the feed box, and the two penetrating ends of the rotating shaft drive one dust cover to move through transmission components respectively; when the two crushing frames approach each other, the two dust covers move away from each other; when the two crushing frames move away from each other, the two dust covers approach each other.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of horizontally extending insertion rods are arranged on the inner side wall of the dust cover. When the two dust covers are buckled with each other, the insertion rods on the two dust covers are arranged in parallel at intervals.

[0011] Preferably, the transmission component includes a driving gear, a driven gear and an external rack. The driving gear is fixedly connected through the penetrating end of the rotating shaft. The driven gear is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the feed box. The driving gear and the driven gear are connected by a toothed belt. The external rack is slidably arranged in the slideway on the outer side wall of the feed box. The bottom of the external rack is meshed and connected with the driven gear, and the dust cover is fixed on one side of the external rack.

[0012] Preferably, the external rack is connected and fixed to the dust cover through a threaded fastener.

[0013] Preferably, the crushing frame includes a connecting plate and insertion rods. The connecting plate is arranged in the feed box so as to be movable in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of insertion rods are vertically arranged at intervals on the connecting plate.

[0014] Preferably, the crushing frame further includes a support plate. The insertion rods are slidably connected to the connecting plate. The bottoms of the plurality of insertion rods penetrate through the connecting plate and are simultaneously fixed on a support plate. A spring is sleeved on each insertion rod. One end of the spring abuts against the connecting plate, and the other end abuts against the support plate. A limiting plate is fixed on the inner side wall of the feed box. The limiting plate is located below the support plate, and the top surface of the limiting plate extends obliquely downward to the horizontal edge of the inner side wall of the feed box.

[0015] Preferably, the free end of the insertion rod is a rounded pointed structure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] When the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of the present invention is in use, it is necessary to introduce the piled-up waste into the feed box through a conveyor belt or an excavator via the top opening of the feed box. At this time, a large amount of waste is inserted onto the crushing frame under the action of its own gravity. Then, by controlling the two crushing frames to move away from each other in the horizontal direction, the waste can be dispersed. The dispersed waste falls into the lower crushing box and is fully crushed through the extrusion, shearing and grinding of the crushing rollers, and finally discharged from the bottom opening of the crushing box to complete the pretreatment work before high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.

[0018] Obviously, the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of the present invention can pre-disperse the introduced waste, which is beneficial to ensuring the efficiency of subsequent pretreatment and fermentation. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a back structural schematic diagram of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the crushing roller on the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the feeding box on the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the dispersion frame on the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 an enlarged structural schematic diagram at A in

[0026] Among them, the description of the reference numerals is as follows:

[0027] 1, base 403, support plate

[0028] 2, crushing box 404, spring

[0029] 201, crushing roller 5, dust cover

[0030] 3, feeding box 6, motor housing

[0031] 301, rotating shaft 7, driving gear

[0032] 302, internal gear 8, driven gear

[0033] 303, internal rack 9, external rack

[0034] 4, dispersion frame 10, toothed belt

[0035] 401, inserting rod 11, slideway

[0036] 402, connecting plate 12, limiting plate Specific embodiments

[0037] The following further elaborates on the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0041] See Figures 1 to 3 , this embodiment provides a pretreatment device for high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, including a base 1, a pulverizing box 2, and a feeding box 3. The pulverizing box 2 is vertically arranged on the base 1 with its top and bottom surfaces communicating, and a pair of electrically driven pulverizing rollers 201 are arranged inside the pulverizing box 2. The two pulverizing rollers 201 are arranged in parallel at intervals and rotate in opposite directions. The feeding box 3 is vertically arranged on the top of the pulverizing box 2 with its top and bottom surfaces communicating, and a pair of electrically driven dispersing frames 4 are arranged inside the feeding box 3. The two dispersing frames 4 can approach or move away from each other in the horizontal direction.

[0042] In the initial state of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of this embodiment, the two dispersing frames 4 are in a state of approaching each other horizontally; during use, it is necessary to introduce the piled-up waste into the feed box 3 through a conveyor belt or an excavator via the top opening of the feed box 3. At this time, a large amount of waste is inserted onto the dispersing frames 4 under the action of its own gravity. Then, by controlling the two dispersing frames 4 to move away from each other horizontally, the waste can be dispersed. The dispersed waste falls into the crushing box 2 below and is fully crushed by the extrusion, shearing, and grinding of the crushing rollers 201, and finally discharged from the bottom opening of the crushing box 2 to complete the pretreatment work before high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.

[0043] Obviously, the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste of this embodiment can pre-disperse the introduced waste, which is beneficial to ensuring the efficiency of subsequent pretreatment and fermentation.

[0044] Preferably, in this embodiment, a motor is provided on the outer side wall of the crushing box 2, and the crushing rollers 201 inside the crushing box 2 rotate under the drive of the motor.

[0045] Preferably, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a rotatable shaft 301 driven by electricity penetrates through the feed box 3. Inner gears 302 are respectively fixedly connected to the positions of the opposite inner side walls of the feed box 3 where the rotatable shaft 301 penetrates. Inner racks 303 are respectively slidably connected to the opposite inner side walls of the feed box 3. The inner racks 303 can slide horizontally. A dispersing frame 4 is respectively fixed on each inner rack 303, and the inner gears 302 are meshed with the inner racks 303 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0046] After the piled-up waste is introduced into the feed box 3, the rotatable shaft 301 drives the two inner racks 303 to move in opposite directions through the inner gears 302, and the dispersing frames 4 located on the inner racks 303 also move accordingly, so as to separate and disperse the piled-up waste, thereby ensuring the efficiency of subsequent anaerobic fermentation.

[0047] Preferably, referring to Figures 1 to 4 , a horizontally extending chute (not shown in the figure) is provided on the inner side wall of the feed box 3, and the inner rack 303 is limitedly installed in the chute. When the two dispersing frames 4 approach each other to the extreme position, the two dispersing frames 4 are symmetrically located at the middle position inside the feed box 3.

[0048] The setting of the chute can limit the sliding position of the inner rack 303 to prevent the inner rack 303 from disengaging from the inner gear 302; when the two dispersing frames 4 approach each other to the extreme position and are symmetrically located at the middle position inside the feed box 3, more waste can be inserted onto the dispersing frames 4 as much as possible, thereby further improving the dispersing effect on the piled-up waste.

[0049] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 Two dust covers 5 are slidably connected to the top of the feed box 3, and the two dust covers 5 are buckled together to block the top opening of the feed box 3. Both axial ends of the rotating shaft 301 pass through the feed box 3, and the two passing ends of the rotating shaft 301 drive a dust cover 5 to move through a transmission assembly respectively; when the two disassembling frames 4 approach each other, the two dust covers 5 move away from each other; when the two disassembling frames 4 move away from each other, the two dust covers 5 approach each other.

[0050] When the waste is introduced into the feed box 3, the two dust covers 5 move away from each other to open the top opening of the feed box 3, and the two scattering frames 4 also move close to each other to the initial position, and a large amount of waste is inserted into the scattering frame 4 under the action of its own gravity; when the scattering operation is performed, the two scattering frames 4 move away from each other to the extreme position to scatter the piled waste, and at this time the two dust covers 5 also engage with each other, thereby closing the top opening of the feed box 3 and reducing the dust generated during the crushing operation.

[0051] Preferably, see Figure 2 In this embodiment, a motor housing 6 is fixed on the outer wall of the feed box 3, and the motor in the motor housing 6 is axially connected to the rotating shaft 301 through a driving shaft.

[0052] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 A plurality of laterally extending insertion rods 401 are arranged on the inner side wall of the dust cover 5. When the two dust covers 5 are buckled together, the insertion rods 401 on the two dust covers 5 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. When the two dust covers 5 are buckled together, the insertion rods 401 on the dust covers 5 can break up the waste in the feed box 3 again.

[0053] Preferably, see Figures 1 to 4 The transmission assembly includes a driving gear 7, a driven gear 8 and an external rack 9. The driving gear 7 is fixed on the outlet end of the rotating shaft 301, and the driven gear 8 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feed box 3. The driving gear 7 and the driven gear 8 are connected by a toothed belt 10. The external rack 9 is slidably set in a slideway 11 on the outer wall of the feed box 3. The bottom of the external rack 9 is meshed with the driven gear 8, and the dust cover 5 is fixed on one side of the external rack 9.

[0054] When the rotating shaft 301 rotates, the driven gear 8 can be driven to rotate by the driving gear 7 under the action of the toothed belt 10. Because the driven gear 8 is meshed with the bottom of the outer rack 9, the outer rack 9 can be driven to move in the slide 11 of the outer wall of the feed box 3, and finally the two dust covers 5 are closed in the process of breaking up the waste.

[0055] Preferably, the external rack 9 is fixedly connected to the dust cover 5 through threaded fasteners. When it is necessary to separately control the movement of the dust cover 5, the threaded fasteners can be loosened to release the connection between the external rack 9 and the dust cover 5.

[0056] Preferably, in this embodiment, the threaded fasteners can preferably be bolts.

[0057] Preferably, referring to Figures 4 to 6 , the disintegrating frame 4 includes a connecting plate 402 and insertion rods 401. The connecting plate 402 is movably arranged in the feeding box 3 along the horizontal direction, and a plurality of insertion rods 401 are vertically and spacedly arranged on the connecting plate 402. When the piled waste is introduced into the feeding box 3 through the top opening of the feeding box 3 by a conveyor belt or an excavator, a large amount of waste is inserted onto the insertion rods 401 of the disintegrating frame 4 under the action of its own gravity.

[0058] Preferably, referring to Figure 5 and Figure 7 , the disintegrating frame 4 further includes a support plate 403. The insertion rods 401 are slidably connected to the connecting plate 402. The bottoms of the plurality of insertion rods 401 penetrate through the connecting plate 402 and are simultaneously fixed to a support plate 403. A spring 404 is sleeved on each insertion rod 401. One end of the spring 404 abuts against the connecting plate 402, and the other end abuts against the support plate 403. A limiting plate 12 is fixed to the inner side wall of the feeding box 3. The limiting plate 12 is located below the support plate 403, and the top surface of the limiting plate 12 extends obliquely downward towards the horizontal edge of the inner side wall of the feeding box 3. During the process of the two disintegrating frames 4 moving away from each other, the support plate 403 drives the insertion rods 401 to move downward relative to the connecting plate 402 under the action of the restoring force of the spring 404, thereby discharging the waste still inserted on the insertion rods 401.

[0059] Preferably, referring to Figure 7 , in order to improve the movement smoothness, in this embodiment, the bottom surface of the support plate 403 is an inclined surface and fits with the top surface of the limiting plate 12.

[0060] Preferably, referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the free end of the insertion rod 401 is a rounded pointed structure to be more convenient for inserting into the interior of the piled waste.

[0061] In addition, the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device of this embodiment has multiple different models. Depending on the model, the processing capacity ranges from several tons per hour to hundreds of tons per hour. Users can determine the model according to their needs. Specifically, some small or medium-sized pretreatment devices may be suitable for treating agricultural waste on a smaller scale, such as several tons or dozens of tons of waste per hour; while large pretreatment devices can handle agricultural waste on a larger scale, and their processing capacity may reach hundreds of tons per hour. At the same time, since this pretreatment device uses a pair of crushing rollers for crushing operations, the degree of crushing is relatively high, and the materials can be broken into small pieces or fragments.

[0062] During the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, after the waste is pretreated using the above-mentioned pretreatment device, the following several stages need to be experienced:

[0063] Hydrolysis and acidification stage: In this stage, various anaerobic or facultative anaerobic hydrolytic or fermentative bacteria hydrolyze carbohydrates such as cellulose and starch into monosaccharides, and then form pyruvic acid; at the same time, proteins are hydrolyzed into amino acids, and then form organic acids and ammonia; lipids are hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids, and finally form propionic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

[0064] Acetic acid and hydrogen production stage: In this stage, anaerobic hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing bacteria decompose various organic acids generated in the hydrolysis and acidification stage into acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Among them, acetic acid accounts for about 80%.

[0065] Methane production stage: In this stage, strictly anaerobic methane-producing bacteria use acetic acid decarboxylation reaction and one-carbon compounds (such as carbon dioxide, formic acid, methanol, methylamine, or carbon monoxide), two-carbon compounds (such as acetic acid), and hydrogen to produce methane. This is the final stage of the anaerobic fermentation process and the key stage for producing the main product methane.

[0066] The entire above-mentioned anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in an anoxic environment, and appropriate water content, temperature and other conditions need to be controlled to promote the active metabolism of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter. Through this process, agricultural rod-shaped waste can be effectively converted into valuable resources such as organic fertilizers or biogas, realizing the recycling of resources and the sustainable development of the environment.

[0067] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and replacements can be made, and these improvements and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural waste high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device, characterized in that The invention comprises a base (1), a crushing box (2) and a feed box (3); the crushing box (2) is vertically arranged on the base (1) with the top and bottom surfaces of the crushing box (2) being connected, and a pair of electrically driven crushing rollers (201) are arranged inside the crushing box (2); the two crushing rollers (201) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and rotate in opposite directions; the feed box (3) is vertically arranged on the top of the crushing box (2) with the top and bottom surfaces of the crushing box (3) being connected, and a pair of electrically driven breakers (4) are arranged inside the feed box (3); the two breakers (4) can move closer to or farther from each other in the horizontal direction; the feed box (3) is provided with a plurality of electrically driven breakers (4) on the top of the crushing box (2); and the two breakers (4) can move closer to or farther from each other in the horizontal direction. An electrically driven rotating shaft (301) is provided, and two dust covers (5) are slidably connected to the top of the feed box (3). The two dust covers (5) are interlocked to block the top opening of the feed box (3). Both axial ends of the rotating shaft (301) pass through the feed box (3), and the two passing ends of the rotating shaft (301) respectively drive one of the dust covers (5) to move through a transmission component; when the two disassembling frames (4) approach each other, the two dust covers (5) move away from each other; when the two disassembling frames (4) move away from each other, the two dust covers (5) approach each other.

2. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (301) is respectively connected and fixed with an internal gear (302) at the positions of the two opposite inner side walls of the feed box (3), and the two opposite inner side walls of the feed box (3) are also slidably connected with an internal rack (303), and the internal rack (303) can slide in the horizontal direction. Each of the internal racks (303) is respectively fixed with a breaking frame (4), and the internal gear (302) is meshed and connected with the internal rack (303) in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 2, wherein, A horizontally extending slide groove is provided on the inner side wall of the feed box (3), and the inner rack (303) is limitedly installed in the slide groove. When the two breakers (4) approach each other to the extreme position, the two breakers (4) remain symmetrically located in the middle position inside the feed box (3).

4. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of laterally extending insertion rods (401) are arranged on the inner side wall of the dust cover (5); when two dust covers (5) are buckled together, the insertion rods (401) on the two dust covers (5) are arranged in parallel and at intervals.

5. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission assembly comprises a driving gear (7), a driven gear (8) and an external rack (9); the driving gear (7) is fixedly connected to the protruding end of the rotating shaft (301); the driven gear (8) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feed box (3); the driving gear (7) and the driven gear (8) are connected by a toothed belt (10); the external rack (9) is slidably arranged in a slideway (11) on the outer wall of the feed box (3); the bottom of the external rack (9) is meshedly connected to the driven gear (8); and the dust cover (5) is fixed to one side of the external rack (9).

6. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer rack (9) is connected and fixed to the dust cover (5) via a threaded fastener.

7. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing frame (4) includes a connecting plate (402) and insertion rods (401). The connecting plate (402) is movably arranged in the feeding box (3) along the horizontal direction, and a plurality of the insertion rods (401) are vertically and spacedly arranged on the top of the connecting plate (402).

8. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to claim 7, wherein, The crushing frame (4) further includes a support plate (403). The insertion rods (401) are slidably connected to the connecting plate (402). The bottoms of the plurality of insertion rods (401) penetrate through the connecting plate (402) and are simultaneously fixed on one support plate (403). A spring (404) is sleeved on each insertion rod (401). One end of the spring (404) abuts against the connecting plate (402), and the other end abuts against the support plate (403). A limiting plate (12) is fixed on the inner side wall of the feeding box (3). The limiting plate (12) is located below the support plate (403), and the top surface of the limiting plate (12) extends obliquely downward towards the horizontal edge of the inner side wall of the feeding box (3).

9. The high-concentration anaerobic fermentation pretreatment device for agricultural waste according to any one of claims 4, 7, and 8, characterized in that The free end of the insertion rod (401) is a rounded pointed structure.

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