Stable state control method and device, storage medium and electronic device

Abstract

The invention discloses a stable state control method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device.The method comprises the steps that under the condition that it is detected that first current to be input into a first electrode is in a fluctuation state, smoothing operation is executed on the first current according to a target capacitor, and second current is obtained, the surface of the first electrode is provided with a nano composite coating; current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted through third current, so that the change speed of the current density of the first electrode is smaller than a first threshold value, and the third current comprises one of the first current and the second current; a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode is controlled, so that the second electrode is in a stable state, and the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode. The problem of how to maintain the long-term stability of the electrode under the condition of power supply fluctuation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical devices, and in particular to a stable state control method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In electrochemical energy conversion systems, such as water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and fuel cells, electrode stability is a key factor in determining the long-term performance and efficiency of the system. However, in practical applications, the power input is often affected by fluctuations (such as grid instability, intermittent renewable energy access, etc.), resulting in fluctuations in the current density on the electrode, which in turn causes problems such as loss of electrode materials, accelerated corrosion, and reduced catalytic activity. Therefore, how to maintain the long-term stability of the electrode under power fluctuation conditions has become an important technical challenge.

[0003] In the related art, there is no effective solution for the problem of how to maintain the long-term stability of the electrode under power fluctuation conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a stable state control method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device to at least solve the problem in the prior art of how to maintain the long-term stability of an electrode under power fluctuation conditions.

[0005] According to one embodiment of the embodiments of the present application, a stable state control method is provided, comprising: when it is detected that a first current to be input into a first electrode is in a fluctuating state, performing a smoothing operation on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nano-composite coating; adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current; controlling the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, including: processing a first fluctuation and a second fluctuation in the first current by a supercapacitor and an electrolytic capacitor respectively to obtain a fourth current, wherein the target capacitor includes: the supercapacitor and the electrolytic capacitor; processing the fourth current by a filtering circuit to obtain the second current, wherein the filtering circuit includes: an active filtering circuit and a passive filtering circuit.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, including: sampling the third current by a digital signal processor to obtain a sampling result; and adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a preset controller and the sampling result so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, regulating the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value includes one of the following: regulating the current distribution on the first electrode by a fast current regulator and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value, wherein the fast current regulator includes one of the following: a solid-state relay, a MOSFET transistor; regulating the current distribution on the first electrode by a power semiconductor device and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, controlling a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state includes: collecting a second electrochemical parameter of the first electrode at a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment when a first current to be input into the first electrode is detected to be in a fluctuating state; and controlling the second electrochemical parameter by the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, controlling the second electrochemical parameter by the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state includes: determining whether the relationship between the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter satisfies a preset condition, wherein the preset condition includes one of the following: the first electrochemical parameter is consistent with the second electrochemical parameter, and the change value between any sub-parameter of the first electrochemical parameter and the corresponding parameter of any sub-parameter of the second electrochemical parameter does not exceed a second threshold value; if the relationship does not satisfy the preset condition, adjusting the first electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the embodiment of the present application, a stable state control device is also provided, including: a smoothing module, for performing a smoothing operation on the first current to be input into the first electrode according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current when it is detected that the first current to be input into the first electrode is in a fluctuating state, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nano-composite coating; an adjustment module, for adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current; a control module, for controlling the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

[0012] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the above method when running.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the method through the computer program.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in any of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, when it is detected that the first current to be input into the first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to the target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating; the current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current; the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode is controlled so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode. Through the above embodiments, the problem of how to maintain the long-term stability of the electrode under power fluctuation conditions in the prior art is solved, and the technical effect of maintaining the long-term stability of the electrode is achieved by smoothing the first current, adjusting the current density of the electrode, and controlling the electrochemical parameters of the electrode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal of a stable state control method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a control method for a stable state according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a device according to an optional embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of a stable state control device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices; "plurality" means two or more.

[0023] The method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed in a computer terminal or similar computing device or cloud platform or independent physical server or software platform, wherein the above software platform is run through one or more servers. Taking running on a computer terminal as an example, Figure 1 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal of a stable state control method according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1As shown, the computer terminal may include one or more ( Figure 1 Only one is shown in the figure) processor 102 and memory 104 for storing data. In an exemplary embodiment, the computer terminal may also include a transmission device 106 for communication functions and an input and output device 108, wherein the processor 102 may include but is not limited to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA. A person skilled in the art can understand that Figure 1 The structure shown is only for illustration and does not limit the structure of the above-mentioned computer terminal. Figure 1 More or fewer components as shown, or with Figure 1 Equivalent functions or comparisons shown Figure 1 A different configuration with more features is shown.

[0024] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, for example, software programs and modules of application software, such as computer programs corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer programs stored in the memory 104, that is, the above-mentioned methods are implemented. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer terminal via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0025] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. The specific example of the above network may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of a computer terminal. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, referred to as NIC), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station so as to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 106 can be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0026] In this embodiment, a stable state control method is provided. Figure 2 : is a flow chart of a stable state control method according to an embodiment of the present application, the flow chart includes the following steps:

[0027] Step S202, when it is detected that the first current to be input into the first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to the target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating;

[0028] Step S204, adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current;

[0029] Step S206, controlling the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

[0030] Through the above steps, when it is detected that the first current to be input into the first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to the target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating; the current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current; the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode is controlled so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode. Through the above embodiments, the problem of how to maintain the long-term stability of the electrode under power fluctuation conditions in the prior art is solved, and the technical effect of maintaining the long-term stability of the electrode is achieved by smoothing the first current, adjusting the current density of the electrode, and controlling the electrochemical parameters of the electrode.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, including: processing a first fluctuation and a second fluctuation in the first current by a supercapacitor and an electrolytic capacitor respectively to obtain a fourth current, wherein the target capacitor includes: the supercapacitor and the electrolytic capacitor; processing the fourth current by a filtering circuit to obtain the second current, wherein the filtering circuit includes: an active filtering circuit and a passive filtering circuit.

[0032] Specifically, the supercapacitor processes the first fluctuation, and the electrolytic capacitor processes the second fluctuation; wherein the first fluctuation refers to high-frequency, short-time (transient) current fluctuation, and the second fluctuation refers to lower-frequency current fluctuation.

[0033] Supercapacitors excel at handling high-frequency and transient current fluctuations due to their high energy density and rapid charge and discharge capabilities. In electrochemical systems, current fluctuations can be very frequent and rapid, especially when the power supply is from unstable energy sources such as wind or solar power. Supercapacitors can quickly respond to these fluctuations, absorbing or releasing charge, thereby stabilizing the current in a short period of time. For example, when the current suddenly increases, supercapacitors can quickly discharge to replenish the additional charge and protect the electrodes from the effects of momentary overload.

[0034] Compared with supercapacitors, electrolytic capacitors are usually used to handle lower frequency current fluctuations because of their higher capacitance and relatively low cost. In the operation of electrochemical systems, in addition to high-frequency transient fluctuations, low-frequency fluctuations caused by power supply voltage changes may also be encountered. Electrolytic capacitors can store more charge and provide a longer smoothing effect, effectively alleviating the impact of such fluctuations on the system.

[0035] Furthermore, active filter circuits use active components such as operational amplifiers to identify and eliminate high-frequency noise in current. This circuit further improves the purity of the current by adjusting the output in real time to compensate for irregularities in the current. Active filter circuits can ensure that the electrode operates under high-precision current conditions and reduce the degradation of electrochemical performance caused by current noise. Passive filter circuits are composed of inductors (L), capacitors (C) and resistors (R) and do not involve active electronic components. Passive filter circuits are mainly used to smooth slowly changing currents, such as fluctuations in power supply voltage. Passive filter circuits usually include low-pass filters that can effectively filter out low-frequency fluctuations, ensure that the electrode operates under a stable current, and avoid fatigue or stress corrosion of the electrode material when the power supply fluctuates.

[0036] Exemplarily, when the electrochemical system receives input current from an unstable power source, the current sensing circuit monitors the frequency and amplitude of the current fluctuations in real time. For high-frequency and transient current fluctuations, the supercapacitor will quickly charge or discharge, absorb or release charge, and ensure that the current does not change drastically in a short period of time. For slower current fluctuations, the electrolytic capacitor begins to play a role, storing additional charge through its larger capacitance, further smoothing the current, and obtaining a fourth current after preliminary smoothing. The fourth current then enters the filter circuit, and the active filter circuit and the passive filter circuit will further process the current signal, eliminate the remaining noise and fluctuations, and obtain the final stable and pure second current for use by the electrodes in the electrochemical system.

[0037] The second current processed by the current fluctuation smoothing module is stable and optimized, which can ensure that the electrode works under the best conditions and reduce the loss of electrode materials and system performance degradation caused by unstable power supply.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, including: sampling the third current by a digital signal processor to obtain a sampling result; and adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a preset controller and the sampling result so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value.

[0039] Furthermore, regulating the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, and also includes one of the following: regulating the current distribution on the first electrode by a fast current regulator and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value, wherein the fast current regulator includes one of the following: a solid-state relay, a MOSFET transistor; regulating the current distribution on the first electrode by a power semiconductor device and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value.

[0040] A digital signal processor is a microprocessor specially designed for processing digital signals and has high-speed signal processing capabilities. In this embodiment, the DSP is used to perform real-time sampling of the third current after being processed by the current fluctuation smoothing module. The sampling frequency is usually very high, such as several thousand hertz (kHz) to tens of megahertz (MHz), to ensure that small changes in the current can be captured. The sampling result is obtained by quantizing and encoding the third current signal to convert the analog current signal into a digital signal. The function of the DSP also includes screening, analyzing and processing the sampling results to identify the changing trend and speed of the current density.

[0041] A preset controller, such as a PID (proportional-integral-differential) controller or an adaptive controller, adjusts the current distribution on the electrode based on the sampling results provided by the DSP to ensure that the rate of change of the current density is controlled below the first threshold. The threshold here refers to the limit value of the current density change that the electrode material can withstand. If this value is exceeded, the electrode may deteriorate rapidly.

[0042] The controller receives the sampling results sent by the DSP and compares them with the preset current density change rate. If it detects that the current density change rate is about to or has exceeded the first threshold, the controller will immediately adjust the current distribution strategy to slow down or control the change rate of the current density. Such a control mechanism can ensure that the electrode maintains a relatively stable current density under power fluctuation conditions and avoid performance loss caused by edge effects or local overheating.

[0043] Optionally, the current distribution can also be adjusted by means of a fast current regulator, a power semiconductor device, etc.

[0044] Among them, fast current regulators, such as solid-state relays (SSRs) or MOSFET transistors, are key components for achieving millisecond response rates. Such regulators can quickly adjust the current through the electrode to adapt to the changing needs of current density when the power supply fluctuates. A solid-state relay is a contactless switching device whose working principle is based on semiconductor devices. At the moment of power fluctuation, the solid-state relay can quickly connect or disconnect the circuit to adjust the current size. MOSFET transistors, with their high switching speed and low on-resistance, can respond to DSP instructions in a very short time, adjust the flow of current, and ensure that the speed of change of current density remains within the set threshold.

[0045] Among them, power semiconductor devices, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) or thyristors, are capable of handling high voltage and high current power conversion. In this embodiment, these devices are used to more accurately adjust the current distribution on the electrode. When the DSP detects that the current density changes too quickly, it sends a control signal to the power semiconductor device to adjust its conduction state to change the current flowing through the electrode. IGBT and thyristor can provide a higher level of current control than solid-state relays and MOSFETs, and perform well in high-power applications. The control mechanism of these devices allows the system to keep the current on the electrode stable during power fluctuations, preventing the loss of electrode active substances or damage to the catalyst layer due to sudden current changes.

[0046] In summary, these embodiments work together to improve the current distribution on the electrode through the high-speed sampling capability of the DSP, the intelligent adjustment of the preset controller, the instantaneous response of the fast current regulator, and the precise control of the power semiconductor device, ensuring that the rate of change of the current density is lower than the first threshold, thereby achieving significant improvement in the electrode stability and the long-term operating performance of the system under power supply fluctuation conditions.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, controlling a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state includes: collecting a second electrochemical parameter of the first electrode at a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment when a first current to be input into the first electrode is detected to be in a fluctuating state; and controlling the second electrochemical parameter by the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

[0048] Furthermore, controlling the second electrochemical parameter by the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state includes: determining whether the relationship between the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter satisfies a preset condition, wherein the preset condition includes one of the following: the first electrochemical parameter is consistent with the second electrochemical parameter, and the change value between any sub-parameter of the first electrochemical parameter and the corresponding parameter of any sub-parameter of the second electrochemical parameter does not exceed a second threshold value; when the relationship does not satisfy the preset condition, adjusting the first electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

[0049] At the moment of power fluctuation, the second electrochemical parameter of the first electrode at the first moment is first collected by a high-precision sensor (such as a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pH sensor). These parameters may include but are not limited to the potential on the electrode surface, the current density, the temperature, and the pH value of the electrolyte. The purpose of the collection is to establish a benchmark to determine whether the current state of the first electrode is affected by the power fluctuation.

[0050] Subsequently, the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter are compared to determine whether the preset stability conditions are met. The preset conditions include but are not limited to: 1) Parameter consistency: Check whether the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter are consistent. Ideally, the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter should be close to or equal, which means that these are two similar working states. 2) Parameter change limit: If the first electrochemical parameter changes, the system will evaluate whether the change exceeds a second threshold. The second threshold is pre-set based on the characteristics of the electrode material and the electrochemical system, and is intended to prevent excessive changes in the electrode working conditions, thereby avoiding performance degradation or material damage.

[0051] If the system detects a change in the first electrochemical parameter, and such change causes the relationship between the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter to not satisfy a preset condition, the first electrochemical parameter may be automatically adjusted to restore overall system stability. Specific adjustment methods may include:

[0052] Adjusting electrolyte concentration: Through the electrolyte circulation system, adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte or add chemicals to change the conductivity and reactivity of the electrolyte.

[0053] Temperature control: The operating temperature of the electrode is adjusted by a cooling system or a heating element. The change in temperature can directly affect the electrochemical reaction rate and the stability of the electrode material. If the temperature change of the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter exceeds the second threshold, the temperature can be adjusted to the ideal working range by increasing or decreasing the coolant flow rate or adjusting the heating power.

[0054] Voltage or current density fine-tuning: The potential or current density on the first electrode is fine-tuned by the current regulator or power semiconductor device in the dynamic response control module. This fine-tuning can be completed within milliseconds to ensure that the difference between the two electrochemical parameters remains within a stable range.

[0055] Catalyst layer optimization: Under certain conditions, the electrochemical properties of the first electrode can be adjusted by changing the composition or structure of the catalyst layer. For example, depositing a thin layer of metal oxide on the surface of the first electrode can change the catalytic activity of the electrode, thereby affecting the electrochemical parameters to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the second electrode.

[0056] In order to better understand the process of the above-mentioned stable state control method, the above-mentioned stable state control method is described below in combination with an optional embodiment, but it is not used to limit the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application.

[0057] Optional embodiments of the present application relate to the field of electrochemical devices, and in particular, to a device for improving electrode stability under power fluctuation conditions (which can be used to execute the above-mentioned stable state control method), which is suitable for improving electrode stability in electrochemical energy conversion systems including water electrolysis, fuel cells, electrolyzers, etc.

[0058] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the device of the optional embodiment of the present application includes the following modules:

[0059] 1) Current fluctuation smoothing module: The current fluctuation smoothing module is the core part of the entire device, which is used to convert the unstable power supply current into a relatively stable output current, thereby preventing the electrode from being subjected to excessive impact when the current suddenly changes.

[0060] The current fluctuation smoothing module specifically includes:

[0061] Energy storage unit design: It is preferred to use a combination of supercapacitors and electrolytic capacitors, where supercapacitors are used to handle high-frequency, short-term current fluctuations, while electrolytic capacitors are used to absorb lower-frequency fluctuations. This combination can achieve a wide-band fluctuation smoothing effect.

[0062] Current sensing circuit: A current sensing circuit is arranged between the power input terminal and the electrode, and a high-precision current sensor such as a Hall effect sensor or a current transformer is used to monitor the change of the current (equivalent to the first current in the above embodiment) in real time and transmit the signal to the control module.

[0063] Filter circuit design: including active filter circuit and passive filter circuit, which are used to filter out high-frequency noise and low-frequency fluctuations in the current respectively. The passive filter circuit uses a low-pass filter composed of inductors, capacitors and resistors to smooth slow current changes. The active filter circuit is based on operational amplifiers to suppress fast current changes.

[0064] Bidirectional Energy Management Controller: A bidirectional energy management system is used to control the charging and discharging process of supercapacitors and electrolytic capacitors. The controller adjusts the use of energy storage units in real time according to current fluctuations to ensure a stable output current supply to the electrodes.

[0065] That is to say, the current fluctuation smoothing module can instantaneously store or release electrical energy to cope with instantaneous current fluctuations by using high-efficiency energy storage units, such as supercapacitors. At the same time, the module can also cooperate with inductors and filter circuits to further smooth the fluctuating current.

[0066] 2) Dynamic response control module: The function of the dynamic response control module is to adjust the current distribution on the electrode in the case of power fluctuations to ensure that the current density of the electrode changes slowly to avoid damage to the electrode material due to rapid changes in current.

[0067] The dynamic response control module also includes:

[0068] Feedback control system: Using PID controller (proportional-integral-differential controller) or adaptive controller, the input current and output current are compared and adjusted based on the feedback information of the current sensor. The feedback controller can adjust the current density with a response speed of milliseconds.

[0069] Digital Signal Processor (DSP): The digital signal processor is used to quickly sample and process the real-time input current signal to detect the frequency and amplitude of current fluctuations. Based on the preset threshold, the controller decides whether to adjust the current distribution.

[0070] Current regulator: A fast current regulator constructed by a solid-state relay or MOSFET transistor can automatically adjust the current passing through the electrode at the moment of power fluctuation, so that the electrode is in a more stable working state.

[0071] Power regulation device: Introduce power semiconductor devices such as IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or thyristor to control the on and off of current and power adjustment. In this way, when power fluctuations are detected, the system can respond quickly and reduce the impact of sudden high or low current on the electrode.

[0072] That is to say, the dynamic response control module uses a high-precision feedback control algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the current density distribution based on the input current signal and the current sensor feedback information within the system to ensure that the electrochemical reaction on the electrode surface remains in the optimal working state.

[0073] 3) Electrode surface protection module: In order to further enhance the impact resistance of the electrode, the electrode surface protection module is designed with a nano-composite coating to improve the corrosion resistance and electrochemical stability of the electrode by optimizing the surface material. The technical details of this module are as follows:

[0074] Coating material: Ruthenium iridium oxide (e.g., RuO_2·IrO_2, or more specifically, when describing their mixed state, Ru_xIr_yO_z) or platinum-based nanomaterials are preferably used as the main active material, which have high electrochemical stability and corrosion resistance. In addition, conductive polymers (such as polyaniline or polypyrrole) are used as substrate materials, which not only have good conductivity but also can enhance the mechanical strength of the electrode.

[0075] Multi-layer structure design: The coating adopts a multi-layer structure. The first layer is the adhesion layer, which is mainly composed of conductive polymers and can be firmly attached to the electrode substrate; the second layer is the catalytic active layer, which uses nano-sized metal oxides or precious metal particles to improve the efficiency of electrochemical reactions; the third layer is the protective layer, which uses carbon-based composite materials or fluorides to enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating.

[0076] Electrodeposition process: The coating is deposited on the electrode surface by electrodeposition. During the electrodeposition process, the current density and deposition time are precisely controlled to ensure the uniformity and density of the coating, thereby improving the long-term stability of the coating.

[0077] That is to say, the key to the electrode surface protection module lies in the use of a nanocomposite coating, which can effectively reduce the corrosion rate of the electrode material under current impact, while enhancing the conductivity of the electrode surface and improving the reaction efficiency.

[0078] 4) Electrochemical parameter adaptive adjustment module: This module can automatically adjust the working conditions of the electrode according to the external power supply fluctuations and the electrochemical reaction parameters inside the system to maintain the stability of the system.

[0079] The electrochemical parameter adaptive adjustment module specifically includes:

[0080] Sensor network: The sensor network consists of multiple high-precision sensors, including voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors and pH sensors, which monitor the working status of the electrolyte and the electrochemical reaction parameters of the electrode in real time. The sensor data is transmitted to the central control unit via the CAN bus or I2C protocol.

[0081] Control algorithm: The system uses fuzzy logic control or neural network control algorithms to adjust the concentration and temperature of the electrolyte or the voltage and current distribution of the electrodes based on real-time collected electrochemical parameters. For example, when the temperature is too high, the system will reduce the current density in the electrolyte to prevent overheating and damage to the electrodes.

[0082] Cooling system: Integrate a liquid cooling or air cooling system, which can adjust the working temperature of the electrode according to the feedback of the temperature sensor. The cooling system can achieve precise control of the temperature by adjusting the flow of coolant or the speed of the fan.

[0083] Dynamic electrolyte concentration regulation: Through an electrolyte circulation system, the system can automatically adjust the flow rate or concentration of the electrolyte when it detects changes in the electrode working conditions. For example, when the current density is too high, the system can increase the flow rate of the electrolyte to improve the cooling effect, or add the appropriate amount of chemicals to adjust the electrolyte concentration to maintain the stability of the electrode.

[0084] That is to say, the electrochemical parameter adaptive adjustment module integrates multiple sensors to obtain the system's operating parameters in real time, and makes adaptive adjustments through the built-in artificial intelligence algorithm. For example, when voltage fluctuations are detected, the system will automatically adjust the electrolyte concentration or temperature to ensure the stability of the electrochemical reaction.

[0085] 5) System integration and intelligent management.

[0086] Integrated circuit board design: All control units, sensors and regulators are centrally managed through the integrated circuit board. Independent current paths and signal transmission channels are designed on the integrated circuit board to ensure that the communication and control between each module are not interfered with.

[0087] Intelligent control platform: A control platform based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology that can remotely monitor and control the working status of electrodes. The platform can record the operating data of the electrochemical system in real time, and analyze the data through machine learning algorithms to predict the health status of the electrodes and perform maintenance in advance.

[0088] Through the coordinated work of these modules, the optional embodiments of the present application can significantly improve the stability of the electrode, extend the service life of the electrode, and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the entire electrochemical system under conditions of large power supply fluctuations.

[0089] In summary, the optional embodiments of the present application can effectively alleviate the impact of power supply fluctuations on the electrodes and significantly extend the service life of the electrodes; improve the energy conversion efficiency of the electrochemical system under unstable power supply input conditions, and enhance the reliability and stability of the entire system; the modular design can be applicable to a variety of electrochemical energy conversion systems, such as water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, fuel cells, etc., and has broad application prospects.

[0090] Furthermore, the optional embodiments of the present application can be applied to a water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0091] It should be noted that the water electrolysis process has high requirements for current stability, and power supply fluctuations may lead to accelerated degradation of electrode materials, especially under conditions driven by intermittent energy such as wind and solar energy.

[0092] The specific implementation steps of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system include:

[0093] Device installation: The device of the present invention is integrated at the power input end of the electrolytic cell, and the current fluctuation smoothing module is connected to the power circuit to monitor the current change in real time; at the same time, the dynamic response control module is connected to the electrode, and the surface of the electrode material is pre-coated with a nanocomposite coating of the electrode surface protection module.

[0094] Current smoothing: When the power input from wind or solar energy fluctuates (such as changes in wind speed or light intensity), the supercapacitor in the current fluctuation smoothing module senses the current change and quickly charges or discharges to smooth the instantaneous current fluctuation. In the case of large current fluctuations, the inductor and filter circuit further process the current waveform to ensure the stability of the current entering the electrolyzer.

[0095] Dynamic response adjustment: The electrode current density is monitored in real time through the feedback control system. When the current fluctuation exceeds the set threshold, the PID controller of the dynamic response control module will adjust the current distribution and quickly adjust the current size through MOSFET to ensure the uniformity of the electrode surface reaction and avoid damage to the electrode caused by drastic changes in current density.

[0096] Electrode protection and improved durability: The device uses nanocomposite coatings (such as ruthenium iridium oxide and conductive polymers) to protect the electrode surface, significantly enhancing the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the electrode. In practical applications, the electrode surface can maintain good conductivity and catalytic activity under long-term current shocks.

[0097] Adaptive adjustment: The adaptive adjustment module of the system collects data such as electrolyte temperature, voltage and pH through sensors. If the temperature or pH value changes abnormally (such as the electrolyte temperature is too high), the adaptive module will adjust the cooling system to work, and at the same time ensure that the electrolysis reaction remains stable by fine-tuning the current density. The cooling system starts the liquid cooling or air cooling device to reduce the electrode temperature and prevent performance degradation caused by overheating.

[0098] The effect of applying the optional embodiment of the present application to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is as follows: after 6 months of operation test, compared with the system without the device, the electrode loss was reduced by 35%, the hydrogen yield of the system was increased by 20%, and the current fluctuation amplitude inside the electrolyzer was significantly reduced.

[0099] The optional embodiments of the present application may also be applied to a fuel cell power generation system.

[0100] It should be noted that the fuel cell system has extremely high requirements on the stability of the current input, especially in application scenarios where the power output needs to be adjusted frequently. This embodiment demonstrates the application of the device in a fuel cell system.

[0101] The specific implementation steps of the optional embodiment of the present application in the fuel cell power generation system include:

[0102] Device integration and configuration: The device of the present invention is integrated into the current input end of the fuel cell, and the current fluctuation smoothing module monitors the fluctuation of the input power supply through the current sensing circuit. The dynamic response control module is connected to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell to adjust the current density passing through the electrode to prevent the catalytic activity of the electrode from decaying when the power supply is unstable.

[0103] Current Regulation Process: When the fuel cell encounters a change in power demand, such as a sudden increase or decrease in load, the energy storage units (supercapacitors and electrolytic capacitors) in the current fluctuation smoothing module quickly adjust the energy flow through the bidirectional energy management controller to ensure a smooth transition of current input and avoid stress on the electrodes and catalysts.

[0104] Dynamic current control: The dynamic response control module adjusts the current density distribution based on sensor monitoring through feedback algorithms (PID control or fuzzy control). During power fluctuations in the fuel cell, there will be no local current density over-high or over-low on the electrode, and the reaction rate of the catalyst layer will remain at a stable level.

[0105] Electrode surface protection: The battery electrode uses a nanocomposite coating, including platinum-based nanoparticles and a conductive polymer substrate. This coating not only improves the catalytic activity of the electrode, but also enhances durability and avoids electrode material peeling caused by current fluctuations or long-term operation.

[0106] Adaptive control and monitoring: The adaptive adjustment module continuously monitors the system's voltage, current, temperature and fuel supply. The built-in AI algorithm performs real-time data analysis to predict the state of the electrode and potential failure points, and makes adjustments in advance. When the temperature is too high, the system automatically adjusts the coolant flow rate or turns on the auxiliary cooling mechanism.

[0107] Effect of the optional embodiment of the present application in a fuel cell power generation system: Test results show that the device of the present invention effectively reduces the corrosion rate of the electrode in the fuel cell system, stabilizes the system efficiency when the fuel cell power fluctuates, and reduces catalyst loss by 20%. During the three-month operation of the fuel cell, the output power fluctuation amplitude was reduced by 45%.

[0108] Furthermore, the optional embodiments of the present application can also be applied to a microgrid system in which an electrolyzer is connected to the grid.

[0109] It should be noted that in a renewable energy microgrid system, an electrolyzer is usually used as an energy storage device, but due to the strong volatility of renewable energy in the power grid, the electrolyzer is easily affected by power instability, resulting in serious electrode loss. This embodiment demonstrates the application of the device of the present invention in this scenario.

[0110] The specific implementation steps of the optional embodiment of the present application in the microgrid system connected to the electrolyzer grid include:

[0111] Power supply fluctuation smoothing: In the microgrid system where the electrolyzer is connected to the grid, unstable power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power frequently introduce fluctuations. The current fluctuation smoothing module of the present invention can monitor the current fluctuation in real time, and through the rapid response of the energy storage unit, smooth the fluctuating current, ensuring that the electrolyzer always works under stable current input.

[0112] Dynamic response regulation: According to the load changes of the microgrid, the dynamic response control module adjusts the current distribution of the electrolyzer electrodes by quickly detecting the current density fluctuations. The module can respond to current fluctuations within milliseconds to reduce the impact on the electrodes.

[0113] Surface protection and cooling system: The electrode surface is coated with a highly durable coating material to improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode under high-frequency current fluctuation conditions. Combined with the cooling system of the adaptive adjustment module, the system can automatically adjust the flow of the coolant according to the temperature changes inside the electrolytic cell to ensure that the electrolytic cell operates at the optimal temperature.

[0114] The effect of implementing the optional embodiment of the present application in a microgrid system connected to the electrolytic cell grid: After a long period of operation testing, the device of the present invention effectively reduces the electrode loss rate in the electrolytic cell grid-connected system, the overall system efficiency is improved by 10%, and the impact of current fluctuations on system performance is reduced by 40%.

[0115] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of each embodiment of the present application.

[0116] The present application also provides a structural block diagram of a control device in a stable state. Figure 4 is a structural block diagram of a control device in a stable state according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 As shown, including:

[0117] a smoothing module 42, configured to perform a smoothing operation on a first current to be input into a first electrode to obtain a second current according to a target capacitor when it is detected that the first current to be input into the first electrode is in a fluctuating state, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating;

[0118] an adjusting module 44, configured to adjust the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that a change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold, wherein the third current comprises one of the following: the first current, the second current;

[0119] The control module 46 is used to control the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

[0120] Through the above device, when it is detected that the first current to be input into the first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to the target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein the surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating; the current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current; the first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode is controlled so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode. Through the above embodiment, the problem of how to maintain the long-term stability of the electrode under power fluctuation conditions in the prior art is solved, and the technical effect of maintaining the long-term stability of the electrode is achieved by smoothing the first current, adjusting the current density of the electrode, and controlling the electrochemical parameters of the electrode.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, the smoothing module 42 is further used to: process the first fluctuation and the second fluctuation in the first current through a supercapacitor and an electrolytic capacitor respectively to obtain a fourth current, wherein the target capacitor includes: the supercapacitor and the electrolytic capacitor; process the fourth current through a filtering circuit to obtain the second current, wherein the filtering circuit includes: an active filtering circuit and a passive filtering circuit.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjustment module 44 is also used to: sample the third current through a digital signal processor to obtain a sampling result; and adjust the current distribution on the first electrode through a preset controller and the sampling result so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, the regulation module 44 is further used to: regulate the current distribution on the first electrode by a fast current regulator and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the fast current regulator includes one of the following: a solid-state relay, a MOSFET transistor; regulate the current distribution on the first electrode by a power semiconductor device and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than the first threshold value.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module 46 is also used to: collect a second electrochemical parameter of the first electrode at a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment when the first current to be input into the first electrode is detected to be in a fluctuating state; and control the second electrochemical parameter by the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the control module 46 is also used to: determine whether the relationship between the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter satisfies a preset condition, wherein the preset condition includes one of the following: the first electrochemical parameter is consistent with the second electrochemical parameter, and the change value between any sub-parameter of the first electrochemical parameter and the corresponding parameter of any sub-parameter in the second electrochemical parameter does not exceed a second threshold value; if the relationship does not satisfy the preset condition, adjust the first electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

[0126] An embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium, which includes a stored program, wherein the program executes any of the above methods when it is run.

[0127] Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to store program codes for executing the following steps:

[0128] S1, when it is detected that a first current to be input into a first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein a surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating;

[0129] S2, adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current;

[0130] S3, controlling a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

[0131] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0132] Optionally, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor, and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0133] Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor may be configured to perform the following steps through a computer program:

[0134] S1, when it is detected that a first current to be input into a first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein a surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating;

[0135] S2, adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current;

[0136] S3, controlling a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

[0137] Optionally, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned storage medium may include but is not limited to: a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

[0138] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in any one of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0139] An embodiment of the present application further provides another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in any of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0140] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium; a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0141] Optionally, the specific examples in this embodiment may refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementation modes, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0142] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above modules or steps of the present application can be implemented by a general computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices, and optionally, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order from that herein, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0143] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A stable state control method, characterized in that: include: In the case where it is detected that a first current to be input into a first electrode is in a fluctuating state, a smoothing operation is performed on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein a surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating; adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold, wherein the third current includes one of the following: the first current, the second current; The first electrochemical parameter of the second electrode is controlled so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

2. The stable state control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Performing a smoothing operation on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current includes: Processing the first fluctuation and the second fluctuation in the first current respectively by a super capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor to obtain a fourth current, wherein the target capacitor comprises: the super capacitor and the electrolytic capacitor; The fourth current is processed by a filter circuit to obtain the second current, wherein the filter circuit includes: an active filter circuit and a passive filter circuit.

3. The stable state control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by using a third current so that a change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value comprises: Sampling the third current by a digital signal processor to obtain a sampling result; The current distribution on the first electrode is adjusted by a preset controller and the sampling result so that the change speed of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value.

4. The stable state control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the current distribution on the first electrode by using the third current so that the change speed of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value comprises one of the following: The current distribution on the first electrode is regulated by a fast current regulator and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the fast current regulator comprises one of the following: a solid-state relay, a MOSFET transistor; the current distribution on the first electrode is regulated by a power semiconductor device and the third current so that the change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value.

5. The stable state control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Controlling a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state comprises: collecting a second electrochemical parameter of the first electrode at a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment when a first current to be input into the first electrode is detected to be in a fluctuating state; The second electrochemical parameter is controlled by the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state.

6. The stable state control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Controlling the second electrochemical parameter by using the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter so that the second electrode is in a stable state comprises: Determining whether the relationship between the first electrochemical parameter and the second electrochemical parameter satisfies a preset condition, wherein the preset condition includes one of the following: the first electrochemical parameter is consistent with the second electrochemical parameter, and a change value between any sub-parameter of the first electrochemical parameter and a corresponding parameter of the second electrochemical parameter does not exceed a second threshold value; When the relationship does not satisfy the preset condition, the first electrochemical parameter is adjusted to make the second electrode in a stable state.

7. A stable state control device, characterized in that: include: a smoothing module, configured to, when detecting that a first current to be input into a first electrode is in a fluctuating state, perform a smoothing operation on the first current according to a target capacitor to obtain a second current, wherein a surface of the first electrode has a nanocomposite coating; A regulating module, configured to regulate the current distribution on the first electrode by a third current so that a change rate of the current density of the first electrode is less than a first threshold value, wherein the third current comprises one of the following: the first current, the second current; The control module is used to control a first electrochemical parameter of a second electrode so that the second electrode is in a stable state, wherein the second electrode is the adjusted first electrode.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program executes the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6 when executed.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that: A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 through the computer program.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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