A mine cooling device and method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mine cooling device and method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, belonging to the field of geothermal resource utilization technology; the mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation utilizes the heat of the surrounding rock in the high-temperature mine tunnel through the temperature difference power generation device to generate electricity, which not only achieves the effect of reducing the mine temperature, but also realizes the recovery of heat energy. Through the power generation circuit of the temperature difference power generation module, the heat energy can be applied on-site to the electrical equipment in the mine, reducing the electricity cost of the electrical equipment in the mine, and also reducing the refrigeration cost of mine cooling; thus solving the problem of high cooling cost in existing mine cooling technology. Through the refrigeration circuit of the temperature difference power generation module, the heat energy in the tunnel air can be transferred to the tunnel wall to ensure that the temperature of the tunnel air is at an appropriate temperature, improving the operation of underground equipment and the working environment of workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mine cooling, and in particular relates to a mine cooling device and method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation. Background Art

[0002] As mining depths increase, deep mines face increasingly severe geothermal heat hazards. Initial rock temperatures in mines exceeding 700 meters often exceed 35°C, with some approaching 50°C. This high geothermal environment not only threatens the health and productivity of underground workers but also impacts the safe operation of equipment. According to the "Safety Regulations for Metal and Non-metal Mines" (GB16423-2020), the wet-bulb temperature in areas where personnel are continuously working must not exceed 27°C, and work should be halted if it exceeds 30°C. However, traditional cooling methods are ineffective in managing heat hazards in deep mines, with high operating costs, low cooling efficiency, and difficult maintenance. As mining depth increases, energy consumption for mine ventilation and air conditioning increases significantly, leading to economic problems such as high investment, high costs, and low returns in deep mines, seriously impacting the cost and sustainability of deep mineral resource extraction. Heat release from the surrounding rock of tunnels is the primary source of high underground thermal environments, and controlling this heat release is a key approach to managing heat hazards in deep mines.

[0003] In summary, the existing mine cooling technology has the problem of high cooling cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mine cooling device and method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation in response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing technology. The device and method have novel and reasonable design, simple structure, strong practicality and are easy to promote and use.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, comprising a temperature difference power generation module installed in a high-temperature mine tunnel, the temperature difference power generation module comprising a protective surface layer in contact with tunnel air, an intermediate functional layer, and a bottom bonding layer in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock wall;

[0007] The middle functional layer is made up of a number of neatly arranged thermoelectric power generation sheets. Each horizontal row of thermoelectric power generation sheets is connected in parallel and then in series vertically.

[0008] The positive electrode of the thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the positive electrode of the electrical equipment, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the electrical equipment to form a power generation circuit for realizing thermoelectric power generation;

[0009] The positive electrode of the temperature difference power generation module is connected to the positive electrode of the external power supply, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the external power supply, forming a cooling circuit for cooling the tunnel air;

[0010] The output voltage of the power generation circuit is expressed as follows:

[0011]

[0012] in, is the output voltage, is the output current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and cold side of the thermoelectric generator respectively;

[0013] The cooling capacity of the refrigeration circuit is expressed as follows:

[0014]

[0015] in, is the cooling capacity, is the external power supply current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module, is the thermal conductivity, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and cold side of the thermoelectric generator respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom bonding layer includes a heat exchange pipeline, which is connected to the domestic water pipeline through a valve, and the valve is opened when heat exchange is required.

[0017] Furthermore, wedge-shaped connecting plates are provided around the thermoelectric power generation sheets for connecting the thermoelectric power generation sheets, and the connecting plates are made of heat-insulating material.

[0018] Furthermore, the electrical equipment includes refrigeration equipment, lighting equipment, monitoring equipment and batteries, and the batteries serve as external power sources.

[0019] Furthermore, the thermoelectric power generation sheet is composed of a plurality of thermocouples composed of P-type and N-type semiconductors connected in series, and thermal conductors are provided on both sides to realize the conversion of temperature difference energy into electrical energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, which is used to control the above-mentioned mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, and the method includes the following steps:

[0021] Multiple thermoelectric power generation modules are used to be arranged on the left and right sides and the top of the high-temperature tunnel of the mine. The thermoelectric power generation modules are divided into a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module. The first thermoelectric power generation module and the second thermoelectric power generation module are arranged at intervals.

[0022] Detect the tunnel air temperature and the tunnel surrounding rock wall temperature at the first thermoelectric power generation module, calculate the temperature difference between the tunnel air and the tunnel surrounding rock wall, and when the temperature difference is ≤ the set temperature difference threshold, control the cooling circuit of the first thermoelectric power generation module to be closed and the power generation circuit of the second thermoelectric power generation module to be closed; when the temperature difference is greater than the set temperature difference threshold, control the power generation circuit of the first thermoelectric power generation module to be closed and the cooling circuit of the second thermoelectric power generation module to be closed. The set temperature difference threshold is in the range of 5°C to 10°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the method also includes: detecting the tunnel surrounding rock wall temperature at the first thermoelectric power generation module and the second thermoelectric power generation module; when the tunnel surrounding rock wall temperature is greater than a set wall temperature threshold, controlling the valve on the heat exchange pipeline of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module to open; when the tunnel surrounding rock wall temperature is less than or equal to the set wall temperature threshold, controlling the valve on the heat exchange pipeline of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module to close; the set wall temperature threshold is in the range of 40°C to 80°C.

[0024] Furthermore, the method also includes: detecting the tunnel air temperature at the first thermoelectric power generation module and the second thermoelectric power generation module; when the tunnel air temperature is greater than the set air temperature, controlling the current of the external power supply of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module to be a first current; when the tunnel air temperature is less than or equal to the set air temperature, controlling the current of the external power supply of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module to be a second current; the set air temperature range is 20°C to 50°C, and the first current is greater than the second current.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] The present invention is based on the mine cooling device of geothermal temperature difference power generation. The device utilizes the heat of the surrounding rock of the high-temperature mine tunnel to generate electricity through the thermoelectric power generation device. It can not only reduce the heat release of the surrounding rock of the tunnel and achieve the effect of lowering the ambient temperature in the tunnel, but also realize the recovery of geothermal energy. Through the power generation circuit of the thermoelectric power generation module, the electricity generated by the geothermal temperature difference can be used on-site for the electrical equipment in the mine, reducing the electricity cost of the electrical equipment in the mine and realizing the utilization of the mine geothermal resources. The electricity generated by the temperature difference of the tunnel surrounding rock and the refrigeration function of the thermoelectric power generation module are cleverly utilized to transfer the heat energy in the tunnel air to the tunnel wall. The refrigeration power of the thermoelectric power generation module is used to transfer the heat energy in the tunnel air to the tunnel wall. The temperature of the tunnel air is kept at a suitable temperature, thereby improving the working environment of underground workers. The thermoelectric power generation system in the present invention can not only effectively utilize the geothermal energy of the mine, but also achieve the effect of heat insulation, achieve low energy consumption and high efficiency to achieve mine cooling, improve the underground thermal environment, and overcome the problems of high cost and unsatisfactory cooling effect of existing cooling methods.

[0027] The present invention also discloses a control method for a mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation. Multiple mine cooling devices are installed in a tunnel and are divided into two categories for independent control. A first mine cooling device is primarily used for temperature difference power generation, while a second mine cooling device is primarily used to reduce the temperature of the tunnel air. While ensuring the ambient temperature for equipment operation and workers' work, the temperature difference can also be increased to improve power generation efficiency. As the power generation circuit continues to generate electricity, the temperature of the tunnel wall decreases, and the corresponding temperature difference decreases, which reduces the power generation efficiency. In fact, deeper in the tunnel wall, there is still higher thermal energy. Therefore, when the temperature difference is less than or equal to a set temperature difference threshold, the cooling circuit of the first mine cooling device is controlled to close to complete the work of regulating the ambient temperature. Since the wall temperature at the second mine cooling device has not been used for power generation, the power generation circuit of the second mine cooling device is closed to enable power generation. When the temperature difference at the first mine cooling device reaches the power generation condition, the cooling circuit of the second mine cooling device is controlled to close again to continue its main work. This improves power generation efficiency while ensuring that the ambient temperature remains within the set range.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power generation circuit of an embodiment of a mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit of an embodiment of a mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the thermoelectric power generation sheet of an embodiment of the mine cooling device based on geothermal thermoelectric power generation according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the middle functional layer of the thermoelectric power generation sheet of an embodiment of the mine cooling device based on geothermal thermoelectric power generation according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric power generation module of an embodiment of a mine cooling device based on geothermal thermoelectric power generation according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the thermoelectric power generation module of an embodiment of the mine cooling device based on geothermal thermoelectric power generation according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the heat exchange pipeline in the thermoelectric power generation module of an embodiment of a mine cooling device based on geothermal thermoelectric power generation according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of an embodiment of a mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to the present invention;

[0037] Description of the accompanying drawings:

[0038] 1. Tunnel; 2. Tunnel air; 3. Tunnel surrounding rock wall; 4. Temperature difference power generation module;

[0039] 4-1, first temperature difference power generation module; 4-2, second temperature difference power generation module;

[0040] 5. Thermoelectric power generation sheet; 6. Protective surface layer; 7. Intermediate functional layer; 8. Bottom bonding layer;

[0041] 9. Heat exchange piping; 10. Valves; 11. Electrical conductors; 12. Thermal conductors; 13. Electrical equipment;

[0042] 14. Connecting plate; 15. Thermocouple. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Example of a mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation:

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, the mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation is used to control the mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation.

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, the mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation includes a temperature difference power generation module 4 arranged in the high-temperature tunnel 1 of the mine. Figure 6 As shown, the thermoelectric power generation module 4 specifically comprises a protective surface layer 6 in contact with the tunnel air 2, an intermediate functional layer 7, and a bottom bonding layer 8 in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3. The protective surface layer 6 provides protection from the tunnel air 2; the intermediate functional layer 7 is responsible for thermoelectric power generation; and the bottom bonding layer 8, in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3, utilizes the heat of the surrounding rock. This structural design effectively utilizes the temperature difference within the mine to generate electricity while simultaneously reducing the temperature within the tunnel 1. This solves the problem of high temperatures within the mine by utilizing geothermal temperature differences to generate electricity and achieve a cooling effect.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the intermediate functional layer 7 is composed of a plurality of neatly arranged thermoelectric generator sheets 5. Each horizontal row of thermoelectric generator sheets 5 is connected in parallel and then vertically in series. The voltage is increased by connecting the parallel rows in series vertically. This circuit design improves the efficiency and stability of thermoelectric power generation.

[0047] The thermoelectric generator 5 is composed of multiple thermocouples 15 made of P-type and N-type semiconductors connected in series, with thermal conductors 12 positioned on both sides. This allows the conversion of temperature differential energy into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect. Specifically, the charge carriers in the P-type and N-type semiconductors are positively charged holes and negatively charged free electrons, respectively. Under the influence of a temperature difference, the positively charged holes and negatively charged free electrons move in opposite directions, generating opposite voltages in the P-type and N-type semiconductors, thereby generating a thermoelectromotive force at the output end, converting the temperature difference into electrical energy. The output voltage and output power of a single thermocouple 15 are relatively low, so multiple thermocouples 15 are connected in series via conductors 11 to generate electricity. When current flows from the upper P-type semiconductor end to the N-type semiconductor end, the temperature at the junction of the two semiconductors rises, becoming the hot end, releasing heat to the surrounding environment. Meanwhile, the temperature at the lower N-pole to P-pole junction drops, becoming the cold end, absorbing heat from the surrounding environment. The cooling circuit is designed based on this principle. The electrical conductor 11 is made of bismuth telluride, silicon-germanium alloy, or lead telluride, and the thermal conductor 12 is made of a copper water-cooling plate.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the positive electrode of the thermoelectric power generation module 4 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrical equipment 13, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the electrical equipment 13, forming a power generation circuit for realizing thermoelectric power generation. The power generation circuit realizes the function of supplying the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation module 4 to the electrical equipment 13. The above-mentioned electrical equipment 13 includes refrigeration equipment, lighting equipment, monitoring equipment and batteries. In other words, this electric energy can be directly used for daily operations in the mine, or it can be stored first. In order to simplify the device, the battery is used as an external power source. When the battery has no power, other power sources can still be selected as external power sources.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the positive pole of the temperature difference power generation module 4 is connected to the positive pole of the external power supply, and the negative pole is connected to the negative pole of the external power supply, forming a refrigeration circuit for cooling the tunnel air 2 and also realizing heat storage of the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3.

[0050] The output voltage of the above power generation circuit is expressed as follows:

[0051]

[0052] in, is the output voltage, is the output current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module 4, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 respectively;

[0053] The cooling capacity of the above refrigeration circuit is expressed as follows:

[0054]

[0055] in, is the cooling capacity, is the external power supply current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module 4, is the thermal conductivity, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 respectively.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, in order to facilitate the inspection of the operating status of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 and the replacement of damaged components, the thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is also provided with a wedge-shaped connecting plate 14 around it for connecting the thermoelectric power generation sheets 5. The connecting plate 14 is made of heat-insulating material.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, in order to protect the intermediate functional layer 7, the bottom bonding layer 8 includes a heat exchange pipeline 9. The heat exchange pipeline 9 is connected to the domestic water pipeline through a valve 10. The valve 10 is opened when heat exchange is required. Since heat tends to accumulate at the thermoelectric power generation module 4 during the thermoelectric power generation process, in order to prevent the heat on the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 from being too high, a heat exchange pipeline 9 is provided. The heat exchange pipeline 9 can quickly exchange heat and remove the heat in the heat exchange pipeline through the fluid in the pipeline by opening the valve 10. The fluid heated by heat exchange flows out through the domestic water pipeline and can be used for production and life in the mining area. When heat exchange is not required, the valve 10 is closed. Although part of the heat on the tunnel surrounding rock wall is exchanged, since the valve 10 is closed, the exchanged heat is not taken away, and the power generation of the thermoelectric heat exchange module is not affected, thereby achieving the effect of stable power generation efficiency.

[0058] like Figure 8 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0059] A plurality of thermoelectric power generation modules 4 are used to be arranged on the left and right sides and the top of the high-temperature tunnel 1 of the mine to realize thermoelectric power generation. The thermoelectric power generation modules 4 are divided into a first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 and a second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2. Figure 7 As shown, the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2 are arranged in an interspaced arrangement. Interspaced arrangement means that multiple thermoelectric power generation modules 4 are evenly arranged, one of which is called the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1, and the thermoelectric power generation module 4 adjacent to the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 is called the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2. The purpose of dividing the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2 is to facilitate control, and their internal structures are the same.

[0060] In order to ensure efficient power generation and cooling of the tunnel air 2 at the same time; the temperature of the tunnel air 2 at the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 and the temperature of the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 are detected, and the temperature difference between the tunnel air 2 and the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 is calculated. When the temperature difference is ≤ the set temperature difference threshold, the cooling circuit of the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 and the power generation circuit of the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2 are controlled to be closed; when the temperature difference is greater than the set temperature difference threshold, the power generation circuit of the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 and the cooling circuit of the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2 are controlled to be closed. The range of the set temperature difference threshold is 5℃~10℃. Specifically, the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 is used as the primary power generation component, while the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2 is used as the primary cooling component. When the power generation efficiency of the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 slows, it switches to the cooling state, waiting for the heat in the area where the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 is located to accumulate again and form a higher temperature difference. Since the cooling work is now handled by the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1, the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2, which was originally responsible for cooling, can complete the power generation work. When the temperature difference in the area where the first thermoelectric power generation module 4-1 is located reaches an environment with efficient power generation, the second thermoelectric power generation module 4-2 switches to the cooling state and resumes its primary function. This switching control step ensures the efficiency of power generation and cooling.

[0061] To ensure the safety of the thermoelectric power generation modules 4, the method further includes detecting the temperature of the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 at the first and second thermoelectric power generation modules 4-1, 4-2. When the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 temperature exceeds a set wall temperature threshold, the valve 10 on the heat exchange pipe 9 of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module 4 is controlled to open. When the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 temperature is less than or equal to the set wall temperature threshold, the valve 10 on the heat exchange pipe 9 of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module 4 is controlled to close. The set wall temperature threshold ranges from 40°C to 80°C. Specifically, when the surrounding rock wall temperature exceeds the set wall temperature threshold, the valve 10 on the heat exchange pipe 9 of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module 4 is automatically controlled to open to enable heat exchange and reduce the surrounding rock wall temperature. When the surrounding rock wall temperature drops below the set temperature threshold, the valve 10 is closed, halting the heat exchange. This control mechanism prevents damage to the thermoelectric power generation modules 4 due to overheating, ensuring their safe operation.

[0062] To ensure improved cooling efficiency, the method further includes detecting the tunnel air 2 temperature at the first and second thermoelectric power generation modules 4-1 and 4-2. When the tunnel air 2 temperature exceeds a set air temperature, the current of the external power supply of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module 4 is controlled to a first current. When the tunnel air 2 temperature is less than or equal to the set air temperature, the current of the external power supply of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module 4 is controlled to a second current. The set air temperature range is 20°C to 50°C, and the first current is greater than the second current. In other words, when the tunnel air 2 temperature exceeds the set air temperature threshold, the current of the external power supply of the corresponding thermoelectric power generation module 4 is controlled to a higher current to enhance the cooling effect. When the tunnel air 2 temperature drops below the set air temperature, the current of the external power supply is controlled to a lower second current to reduce energy consumption. Because the first current is greater than the second current, this regulation mechanism can adjust the cooling intensity according to actual needs, thereby improving cooling efficiency.

[0063] Example of a mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation:

[0064] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the mine cooling device based on geothermal thermoelectric power generation includes a thermoelectric power generation module 4 installed in the high-temperature mine tunnel 1. The thermoelectric power generation module 4 includes a protective surface layer 6 in contact with the tunnel air 2, an intermediate functional layer 7, and a bottom bonding layer 8 in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3. The intermediate functional layer 7 is composed of a plurality of neatly arranged thermoelectric power generation sheets 5 connected together. The thermoelectric power generation sheets 5 in each horizontal row are connected in parallel and then vertically in series. The positive pole of the thermoelectric power generation module 4 is connected to the positive pole of the electrical device 13, and the negative pole is connected to the negative pole of the electrical device 13, forming a power generation circuit for achieving thermoelectric power generation. The positive pole of the thermoelectric power generation module 4 is connected to the positive pole of the external power supply, and the negative pole is connected to the negative pole of the external power supply, forming a cooling circuit for cooling the tunnel air 2.

[0065] The output voltage of the above power generation circuit is expressed as follows:

[0066]

[0067] in, is the output voltage, is the output current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module 4, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 respectively;

[0068] The cooling capacity of the above refrigeration circuit is expressed as follows:

[0069]

[0070] in, is the cooling capacity, is the external power supply current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module 4, is the thermal conductivity, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 respectively.

[0071] This device utilizes the temperature difference between the tunnel surrounding rock wall 3 and the tunnel air 2 to convert mine geothermal energy into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect of thermoelectric materials. The converted electrical energy is used to cool the mine and improve the underground thermal environment. This not only effectively utilizes geothermal energy in deep mines, but also provides a thermal insulation effect, reducing the heat released from the high-temperature tunnel surrounding rock into the tunnel 1 and lowering the high-temperature thermal environment underground. Furthermore, part of the electrical energy generated by the temperature difference in tunnel 1 is used to power underground lighting, gas detection, and other functions, while the remaining energy is transmitted to the main air intake tunnel 1 for cooling pre-cooling airflow and recovering waste heat from the airflow. This technical solution effectively reduces mine cooling energy consumption, reduces mine mining costs, and promotes the development and utilization of geothermal energy in mines.

[0072] This embodiment is implemented with reference to the above-mentioned embodiment of the mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, and will not be described in detail here.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent structural change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, characterized by: The invention comprises a thermoelectric power generation module (4) arranged in a high-temperature mine tunnel (1), wherein the thermoelectric power generation module (4) comprises a protective surface layer (6) in contact with tunnel air (2), an intermediate functional layer (7), and a bottom bonding layer (8) in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock wall (3); The middle functional layer (7) is formed by connecting a plurality of neatly arranged thermoelectric power generation sheets (5), wherein each horizontal row of thermoelectric power generation sheets (5) are connected in parallel and then vertically in series; The positive electrode of the thermoelectric power generation module (4) is connected to the positive electrode of the electric device (13), and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the electric device (13), forming a power generation circuit for realizing thermoelectric power generation; The positive electrode of the temperature difference power generation module (4) is connected to the positive electrode of the external power supply, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the external power supply, forming a cooling circuit for cooling the tunnel air (2); The output voltage of the power generation circuit is expressed as follows: in, is the output voltage, is the output current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module (4), is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric generator (5), respectively; The cooling capacity of the refrigeration circuit is expressed as follows: in, is the cooling capacity, is the external power supply current, is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric power generation module (4), is the thermal conductivity, is the Seebeck coefficient, and are the temperatures of the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric generator (5), respectively; The bottom laminating layer (8) includes a heat exchange pipeline (9), and the heat exchange pipeline (9) is connected to the domestic water pipeline through a valve (10), and the valve (10) is opened when heat exchange is required; Connecting plates (14) with a wedge-shaped structure are also provided around the thermoelectric power generation sheets (5) for connecting the thermoelectric power generation sheets (5), and the connecting plates (14) are made of heat-insulating material.

2. A mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical equipment (13) includes refrigeration equipment, lighting equipment, monitoring equipment and a battery; the battery serves as an external power source.

3. A mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric power generation sheet (5) is composed of a plurality of thermocouples (15) composed of P-type and N-type semiconductors connected in series, and thermal conductors (12) are provided on both sides to realize the conversion of temperature difference energy into electrical energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect.

4. A mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation, characterized by: The method is used to control the mine cooling device based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the method comprises the following steps: A plurality of thermoelectric power generation modules (4) are arranged on the left and right sides and the top of a high-temperature tunnel (1) in a mine, wherein the thermoelectric power generation modules (4) are divided into a first thermoelectric power generation module (4-1) and a second thermoelectric power generation module (4-2), and the first thermoelectric power generation module (4-1) and the second thermoelectric power generation module (4-2) are arranged at intervals; The temperature of the tunnel air (2) and the temperature of the tunnel surrounding rock wall (3) at the first thermoelectric power generation module (4-1) are detected, and the temperature difference between the tunnel air (2) and the tunnel surrounding rock wall (3) is calculated. When the temperature difference is less than or equal to a set temperature difference threshold, the cooling circuit of the first thermoelectric power generation module (4-1) and the power generation circuit of the second thermoelectric power generation module (4-2) are controlled to be closed. When the temperature difference is greater than or equal to the set temperature difference threshold, the power generation circuit of the first thermoelectric power generation module (4-1) and the cooling circuit of the second thermoelectric power generation module (4-2) are controlled to be closed. The range of the set temperature difference threshold is 5°C to 10°C.

5. A mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: detecting the temperature of the tunnel surrounding rock wall (3) at the first temperature difference power generation module (4-1) and the second temperature difference power generation module (4-2); when the temperature of the tunnel surrounding rock wall (3) is greater than a set wall temperature threshold, controlling the valve (10) on the heat exchange pipeline (9) of the corresponding temperature difference power generation module (4) to open; and when the temperature of the tunnel surrounding rock wall (3) is less than or equal to the set wall temperature threshold, controlling the valve (10) on the heat exchange pipeline (9) of the corresponding temperature difference power generation module (4) to close, wherein the set wall temperature threshold is in the range of 40°C to 80°C.

6. A mine cooling method based on geothermal temperature difference power generation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: detecting the temperature of the tunnel air (2) at the first thermoelectric power generation module (4-1) and the second thermoelectric power generation module (4-2); when the tunnel air (2) temperature is greater than a set air temperature, controlling the current of the external power supply corresponding to the thermoelectric power generation module (4) to be a first current; and when the tunnel air (2) temperature is less than or equal to the set air temperature, controlling the current of the external power supply corresponding to the thermoelectric power generation module (4) to be a second current; The set air temperature ranges from 20° C. to 50° C., and the first current is greater than the second current.

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