Construction method and protection device for deformation monitoring points of high and cold tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel deformation monitoring points, in particular to a construction method and protection device for a high and cold tunnel deformation monitoring point, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1, installing a steel frame, and after the steel frame is installed, flexibly connecting or movably connecting the monitoring point to the steel frame in a damping manner; s2, before the concrete is sprayed, the monitoring points are protected through a protection device; s3, after the concrete is sprayed and before the concrete is hardened, the protection device is dismantled, and the shielding object is dismantled; and S4, when the tunnel displacement needs to be monitored, the relative position between the monitoring point and the steel frame is positioned, and the monitoring point is restored to the initial position relative to the steel frame. The method has the effect of reducing the interference of blasting factors on the monitoring points.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel deformation monitoring points, and in particular to a construction method and a protection device for deformation monitoring points in high-cold tunnels. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of underground projects such as tunnels, arch settlement and clearance convergence are the most intuitive manifestations of the dynamic changes of surrounding rocks, which can reflect the stability of surrounding rocks, the rationality of construction methods and support parameters. Especially in soft strata, large deformations are likely to occur after tunnel excavation. On-site monitoring and measurement are extremely important for guiding safe tunnel construction. By analyzing and predicting the on-site monitoring data of arch settlement and clearance convergence, a basis can be provided for adjusting the construction sequence, selecting reasonable support timing and support parameters, and ensuring safe construction. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out deformation monitoring such as arch settlement and clearance convergence on the surrounding rock of the tunnel to ensure the safety of the tunnel during construction.

[0003] The existing technology usually involves drilling holes in the surrounding rock or shotcrete surface to install expansion bolts, pre-setting holes to install hooks, and using a total station to regularly observe the coordinate changes of monitoring points to understand the deformation of the tunnel. However, when the monitoring points are installed, they are usually exposed, and blasting techniques are required when excavating the tunnel, making the monitoring points easily disturbed by blasting factors, thereby affecting the accuracy of subsequent observations. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to reduce the interference of blasting factors on the monitoring points, the present application provides a construction method and a protection device for deformation monitoring points in high-cold tunnels.

[0005] The present application provides a construction method and protection device for deformation monitoring points in high-cold tunnels, which adopts the following technical solutions: A construction method and protection device for deformation monitoring points in a high-cold tunnel, comprising the following steps: S1: Install the steel frame. After the steel frame is installed, connect the monitoring point to the steel frame flexibly or with a damping device. S2: Before spraying concrete, protect the monitoring point with a protective device. S3: After spraying concrete and before the concrete hardens, remove the protective device and the shielding objects. S4: When it is necessary to monitor the displacement of the tunnel, the relative position between the monitoring point and the steel frame is located so that it is restored to its original position relative to the steel frame.

[0006] Optionally, in step S4, the steel frame is provided with a positioning member for positioning the monitoring point, and the steel frame is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the positioning member to position the monitoring point.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, a positioning piece is provided on the steel frame, and the driving mechanism drives the positioning piece to fix the position of the monitoring point, thereby facilitating subsequent displacement monitoring.

[0008] Optionally, a first mounting groove is opened through the side of the steel frame along the thickness direction, the monitoring point is in a cube shape, the monitoring point is located in the first mounting groove, a damping rod is arranged at the vertex of the monitoring point, one end of the damping rod is ball-hinged to the monitoring point, and the other end of the damping rod is ball-hinged to the groove wall of the first mounting groove.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, each vertex of the monitoring point is connected to the steel frame through the damping rod. When the tunnel is explosively excavated, an impact will be generated on the steel frame. When the impact is about to be transmitted to the monitoring point, the damping rod can buffer the impact, thereby reducing the impact of the impact on the monitoring point.

[0010] Optionally, the damping rod includes a sliding tube, a telescopic rod and a first spring, the sliding tube has a sliding cavity, the telescopic rod is slidably connected to the sliding cavity along the axial direction, the first spring is located in the sliding cavity, one end of the first spring is fixed to the cavity wall of the sliding cavity, and the other end of the first spring is fixed to the telescopic rod.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the telescopic rod slides relatively to the sliding tube. When the vibration of the explosion is transmitted to the steel frame and the monitoring point, the telescopic rod can slide relative to the sliding tube. At this time, the first spring can be compressed to buffer the monitoring point, thereby reducing the impact on the monitoring point. After buffering, the first spring has the effect of forcing the monitoring point to reset.

[0012] Optionally, the sliding tube is provided with a buffer assembly to further buffer the telescopic rod, and the buffer assembly includes a first gear, a second gear, a third gear, a rack and a damping plate. The first gear is rotatably connected to the telescopic rod, the second gear is coaxially connected to the first gear, the third gear is rotatably connected to the telescopic rod, and the third gear is meshed with the second gear. The length direction of the rack is parallel to the axial direction of the sliding tube. The rack is provided on the sliding tube, the rack is meshed with the first gear, the damping plate is coaxially connected to the third gear, the sliding tube is provided with a damping plate, and the damping plate abuts against the damping plate. The first gear and the third gear have the same number of teeth, and the number of teeth of the second gear is greater than the number of teeth of the first gear.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the telescopic rod slides, the rack can drive the first gear to slide, and the first gear is connected to the damping disk through the second gear and the third gear. Since the number of teeth of the second gear is greater than the number of teeth of the first gear, the position of the telescopic rod can be amplified and transmitted to the damping disk, thereby amplifying the buffer stroke and improving the buffer effect.

[0014] Optionally, the positioning member is a positioning cover, the cross-section of the positioning cover is square, the width of the cross-section of the positioning cover gradually increases in the direction approaching the monitoring point, a positioning hole is provided at the bottom of the positioning cover away from the monitoring point, and a first positioning rod for being clamped in the positioning hole is provided on the side of the positioning cover close to the monitoring point. Two positioning covers are provided, and the two positioning covers are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the monitoring point, and the driving mechanism is used to control the positioning cover to move in the direction close to the monitoring point.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to monitor the tunnel displacement, the positioning cover is controlled by the driving mechanism to move in the direction close to the monitoring point. At this time, the upper and lower positioning covers move in the direction close to each other, and the width of the cross-section of the positioning cover gradually increases in the direction close to the monitoring point, so that the positioning cover is set with a trumpet-shaped opening. During the movement of the positioning cover, the inner wall of the positioning cover can guide the first positioning rod, so that the first positioning rod is clamped in the positioning hole of the positioning cover, thereby positioning the monitoring point.

[0016] Optionally, the driving mechanism includes a first pull rope, a first spring and a limit assembly; a sliding ring is provided on the side of the positioning cover away from the monitoring point; the sliding ring is slidably connected to the steel frame along the vertical direction; one end of the first pull rope is fixed to the positioning cover; the first spring forces the sliding ring to slide toward the monitoring point; and the limit assembly is used to limit the sliding ring.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when there is no need to position the positioning cover, the first pull rope is pulled to make the two positioning covers move away from each other, and then the positioning covers are limited by the limiting assembly. When the monitoring point needs to be monitored, the positioning cover is limited by the contact limiting assembly, and the two positioning covers move towards each other under the action of the first spring to position the monitoring point.

[0018] Optionally, the limiting assembly includes a push block, a first limiting ring and a second limiting ring, the upper and lower groove walls of the first installation groove are provided with a first sliding hole, the first limiting ring is fixed in the first sliding hole, the push block is slidably connected to the inside of the first limiting ring, the second limiting ring is located on the side of the first limiting ring away from the monitoring point, the second limiting ring is slidably connected to the first sliding hole, the first limiting ring is provided with a plurality of alternately arranged first limiting grooves and second limiting grooves, the depth of the first limiting groove is greater than the depth of the second limiting groove, the second limiting ring is provided with a plurality of limiting teeth, and the plurality of limiting teeth can be clamped in A plurality of first limiting grooves or a plurality of second limiting grooves are clamped in the plurality of second limiting grooves, a plurality of V-shaped grooves are opened around one end of the push block close to the second limiting ring, a V-shaped tip is formed between two adjacent V-shaped grooves, a first guide surface is arranged on one side of the limiting tooth, a second guide surface for guiding the first guide surface is arranged on one side of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove located at the groove mouth, when the second limiting ring slides axially, the second guide surface can force the second limiting ring to rotate, when the limiting tooth is completely clamped in the first limiting groove or the second limiting groove, the first guide surface abuts against part of the side wall of the V-shaped groove.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to pull the positioning cover to position the monitoring point, the push block is pulled by the first pull rope, and the push block drives the second limiting ring to move, so that the limiting teeth on the second limiting ring are disengaged from the clamping of the second limiting groove. At this time, since the first guide surface is in contact with the side wall portion of the V-shaped groove, the second limiting ring can be rotated under the action of the side wall of the V-shaped groove. At this time, the first guide surface can make the limiting teeth slide into the first limiting groove through the cooperation with the second guide surface and the action of the first spring. Since the depth of the first limiting groove is deeper, the first spring can force the positioning cover to move in the direction close to the monitoring point to position the monitoring point.

[0020] Optionally, the positioning member is a positioning cover, the cross-section of the positioning cover is square, the width of the cross-section of the positioning cover gradually increases in the direction approaching the monitoring point, a positioning hole is provided at the bottom of the positioning cover away from the monitoring point, the positioning cover is located above the monitoring point, the driving mechanism is a fourth pull rope, one end of the fourth pull rope is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the monitoring point, the other end of the fourth pull rope is passed through a steel frame, the second magnet is provided on all surfaces of the monitoring point except the upper surface, the steel frame is provided with a plurality of first magnets corresponding to a plurality of second magnets respectively, and the first magnet and the second magnet repel each other.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, through the mutual repulsion between the first magnet and the second magnet, the monitoring point can be buffered when the steel frame vibrates, and during positioning, the fourth pull rope is pulled to pull the monitoring point upward, and the monitoring point can be positioned through the positioning cover.

[0022] A protective device includes a protective sheet and a second pull rope, wherein the protective sheet is elastically arranged, the upper end of the protective sheet is fixed to the above-mentioned steel frame, the lower end of the protective sheet is provided with a magnetic sheet for adsorbing on the steel frame, and the second pull rope is fixed to the lower end of the protective sheet.

[0023] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When the telescopic rod slides, the rack can drive the first gear to slide, and the first gear is connected to the damping plate through the second gear and the third gear. Since the number of teeth of the second gear is greater than that of the first gear, the position of the telescopic rod can be amplified and transmitted to the damping plate, thereby amplifying the buffer stroke and improving the buffer effect; 2. When it is necessary to pull the positioning cover to locate the monitoring point, the push block is pulled by the first pull rope, and the push block drives the second limiting ring to move, so that the limiting teeth on the second limiting ring are disengaged from the clamping of the second limiting groove. At this time, since the first guide surface is in contact with the side wall of the V-shaped groove, the second limiting ring can rotate under the action of the side wall of the V-shaped groove. At this time, the first guide surface can make the limiting teeth slide into the first clamping groove through the cooperation with the second guide surface and the action of the first spring. Since the depth of the first clamping groove is deeper, the first spring can force the positioning cover to move in the direction close to the monitoring point to locate the monitoring point. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Example 1; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the monitoring point in Example 1; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the damping rod in Example 1; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sliding sleeve in Example 1; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle; Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning cover in Example 1; Figure 7 yes Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limit assembly in Example 1; Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the first limiting ring is hidden in Example 1; Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protection device in Example 1; Fig.11It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 2.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, steel frame; 11, first mounting groove; 12, second sliding hole; 13, first sliding hole; 14, first magnet; 2, monitoring point; 21, first positioning rod; 22, second positioning rod; 23, fourth pull rope; 24, second magnet; 3, damping rod; 31, telescopic rod; 311, second mounting groove; 32, sliding tube; 321, sliding cavity; 322, waist-shaped groove; 33, first spring; 34, buffer assembly; 341, first gear; 342, second gear; 343, third gear; 344, rack; 345, damping plate; 346, first rotating rod; 347, second rotating rod; 35, Damping plate; 351, connecting frame; 4, positioning cover; 41, positioning hole; 42, sliding ring; 421, connecting rod; 422, sliding block; 5, driving mechanism; 51, second spring; 52, first pull rope; 53, limiting assembly; 531, first limiting ring; 5311, first limiting groove; 5312, second limiting groove; 5313, second guide surface; 532, second limiting ring; 5321, limiting tooth; 5322, first guide surface; 533, pushing block; 5331, sliding key; 5332, V-shaped groove; 6, protective device; 61, protective plate; 62, second pull rope; 63, third pull rope; 64, magnetic plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1-11 This application is described in further detail.

[0027] The present application embodiment discloses a construction method and protection device for deformation monitoring points in a high-cold tunnel. Figure 1 , including the following steps: S1: Install the steel frame 1. After installing the steel frame 1, connect the monitoring point 2 flexibly or with a damping device to the steel frame 1, observe the monitoring point 2 and record the initial reading. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the monitoring point 2 is in a cube shape, and the monitoring point 2 is connected to the steel frame 1 in a damping manner. A plurality of first mounting grooves 11 are formed through the side of the steel frame 1 along the thickness direction, and the plurality of first mounting grooves 11 are distributed along the extension direction of the steel frame 1.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The monitoring point 2 is located in the first installation groove 11 , and a damping rod 3 is arranged at the vertex of the monitoring point 2 . One end of the damping rod 3 is ball-hinged to the monitoring point 2 , and the other end of the damping rod 3 is ball-hinged to the side wall of the first installation groove 11 .

[0029] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The damping rod 3 includes a sliding tube 32, a telescopic rod 31 and a first spring 33. The sliding tube 32 has a sliding cavity 321 in the middle thereof. The sliding cavity 321 and the sliding tube 32 are coaxially arranged. The telescopic rod 31 is slidably connected to the sliding cavity 321 along the axial direction. The first spring 33 is located in the sliding cavity 321. One end of the first spring 33 is fixedly connected to the cavity wall of the sliding cavity 321, and the other end of the first spring 33 is fixedly connected to the end face of the telescopic rod 31. One end of the sliding tube 32 away from the telescopic rod 31 is ball-hinged to the side of the first mounting groove 11, and one end of the telescopic rod 31 away from the sliding tube 32 is ball-hinged to the vertex of the monitoring point 2.

[0030] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The sliding tube 32 is provided with a buffer assembly 34 to further buffer the telescopic rod 31. The buffer assembly 34 includes a first gear 341, a rack 344, a second gear 342 and a third gear 343. The end surface of the telescopic rod 31 close to the first spring 33 is provided with a second mounting groove 311 along the axial direction. Both sides of the second mounting groove 311 are connected to the outer peripheral walls on both sides of the telescopic rod 31. The first gear 341 is located in the second mounting groove 311. The major diameter of the first gear 341 is smaller than the diameter of the telescopic rod 31. The first gear 341 is located at one end of the telescopic rod 31 close to the first spring 33. The first gear 341 is rotatably connected to the groove wall of the second mounting groove 311.

[0031] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The length direction of the rack 344 is parallel to the axial direction of the sliding tube 32. The rack 344 is located in the sliding cavity 321. The side of the rack 344 is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding cavity 321. When the telescopic rod 31 slides, the rack 344 can engage with the first gear 341.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The first gear 341 is coaxially fixedly connected with the first rotating rod 346. The first rotating rod 346 is driven and penetrated in the telescopic rod 31. Both sides of the sliding tube 32 are provided with waist-shaped grooves 322. The length direction of the waist-shaped grooves 322 is parallel to the length direction of the sliding tube 32. One end of the first rotating rod 346 is penetrated in the waist-shaped grooves 322 and extends outside the sliding tube 32. The second gear 342 is coaxially fixedly connected to the first rotating rod 346. The telescopic rod 31 is located at a side of the first gear 341 away from the first spring 33 and is rotatably connected with the second rotating rod 347. The second rotating rod 347 is arranged parallel to the axis of the first rotating rod 346. Both ends of the second rotating rod 347 are penetrated with the waist-shaped grooves 322 on both sides and extend outside the sliding tube 32. The third gear 343 is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating rod 347 close to the second gear 342. The third gear 343 is meshed with the second gear 342.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The buffer assembly 34 further includes a damping plate 345, which is coaxially fixedly connected to an end of the second rotating rod 347 away from the third gear 343. The first gear 341 and the third gear 343 have the same number of teeth, and the second gear 342 has a greater number of teeth than the first gear 341. The sliding tube 32 is provided with a damping plate 35, which is fixedly mounted on the outer peripheral wall of the sliding tube through a connecting frame 351, and the outer peripheral wall of the damping plate 345 abuts against the damping plate 35.

[0034] S2: Before spraying concrete, the monitoring point 2 is protected by the protection device 6; S3: After the concrete is sprayed and before the concrete hardens, the protective device 6 is removed and the shielding objects are removed.

[0035] S4: When it is necessary to monitor the displacement of the tunnel, the relative position between the monitoring point 2 and the steel frame 1 is positioned so that it is restored to its original position relative to the steel frame 1.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The steel frame 1 is provided with a positioning member for positioning the monitoring point 2, and the steel frame 1 is provided with a driving mechanism 5 for driving the positioning member to position the monitoring point 2. The positioning member is a positioning cover 4, and the cross section of the positioning cover 4 is square. The width of the cross section of the positioning cover 4 gradually increases in the direction close to the monitoring point 2, and the opening end of the positioning cover 4 faces the monitoring point 2. Two positioning covers 4 are provided, and the two positioning covers 4 are respectively located on both sides of the monitoring point 2 distributed along the extension direction of the steel frame 1.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 6 A positioning hole 41 is provided at the bottom of the positioning cover 4 away from the monitoring point 2, and a first positioning rod 21 for being clamped in the positioning hole 41 is fixedly connected to the side of the positioning cover 4 close to the monitoring point 2. The first positioning rod 21 can be clamped in the positioning hole 41, and the axial direction of the first positioning rod 21 is perpendicular to the surface of the monitoring point 2. The driving mechanism 5 is used to control the positioning cover 4 to move in a direction close to the monitoring point 2.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The driving mechanism 5 includes a first pull rope 52, a second spring 51 and a limit assembly 53. A sliding ring 42 is fixedly connected to the side of the positioning cover 4 away from the monitoring point 2. The upper and lower sides of the first installation groove 11 are provided with second sliding holes 12 in the vertical direction. The second sliding hole 12 is in a ring shape. The sliding ring 42 is slidably connected to the second sliding hole 12 in the vertical direction. The second spring 51 is coaxially sleeved on the sliding ring 42. One end of the second spring 51 is fixedly connected to the end face of the positioning cover 4, and the other end of the second spring 51 is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the first installation groove 11. The second spring 51 forces the sliding ring 42 to slide in the direction close to the monitoring point 2. One end of the first pull rope 52 is connected to the positioning cover 4, and the limit assembly 53 is used to limit the sliding ring 42.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 7 The limiting assembly 53 includes a push block 533, a first limiting ring 531 and a second limiting ring 532. The first sliding hole 13 is provided on the upper and lower groove walls of the first installation groove 11. The first sliding hole 13 and the second sliding hole 12 are coaxially arranged. The first limiting ring 531 is coaxially fixedly connected to the hole wall of the first sliding hole 13. The push block 533 is in a ring shape. The outer peripheral wall of the push block 533 is provided with a plurality of sliding keys 5331. The plurality of sliding keys 5331 are arranged in a circular array around the axis direction of the push block 533. The inner wall of the first limiting ring 531 is provided with a plurality of key slots for the sliding keys 5331 to slide. The sliding keys 5331 are slidably connected to the key slots along the vertical direction. The first pull rope 52 is fixedly connected to the push block 533.

[0040] Reference Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The second limiting ring 532 is located on the side of the first limiting ring 531 away from the monitoring point 2. One end of the second limiting ring 532 close to the first limiting ring 531 is fixedly connected with a plurality of limiting teeth 5321. The plurality of limiting teeth 5321 are distributed in a circular array around the axial direction of the second limiting ring 532. The length direction of the limiting teeth 5321 is parallel to the axial direction of the second limiting ring 532. The outer side surface of the limiting teeth 5321 abuts against the inner wall of the first sliding hole 13, so that the second limiting ring 532 is slidably connected to the first sliding hole 13 along the axial direction. The push block 533 can push the second limiting ring 532 to slide in the direction away from the first limiting ring 531.

[0041] Reference Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A sliding groove is provided on the end face of the second limiting ring 532 away from the first limiting ring 531, and the sliding groove is in a ring shape. The end face of the sliding ring 42 away from the positioning cover 4 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 421. There are a plurality of connecting rods 421, and the plurality of connecting rods 421 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the sliding ring 42. One end of the connecting end is fixedly connected with a sliding block 422, and the sliding block 422 is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

[0042] Reference Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The end surface of the first limiting ring 531 away from the push block 533 is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves 5311 and second limiting grooves 5312 alternately arranged along the axial direction. The plurality of first limiting grooves 5311 and the plurality of second limiting grooves 5312 are arranged in a circular array around the axial direction of the first limiting ring 531. The depth of the first limiting groove 5311 is greater than the depth of the second limiting groove 5312. The limiting teeth 5321 on the second limiting ring 532 can be clamped in the first limiting groove 5311 or the second limiting groove 5312. The total number of the first limiting grooves 5311 and the second limiting grooves 5312 is twice the number of the limiting teeth 5321.

[0043] Reference Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A plurality of V-shaped grooves 5332 are formed around one end of the push block 533 close to the second limiting ring 532, and a V-shaped tip is formed between two adjacent V-shaped grooves 5332. A first guide surface 5322 is provided on one side of the limiting tooth 5321, and a second guide surface 5313 for guiding the first guide surface 5322 is provided on one side of the first limiting groove 5311 and the second limiting groove 5312 located at the notch. When the second limiting ring 532 slides axially, the second guide surface 5313 can force the second limiting ring 532 to rotate circumferentially. When the limiting tooth 5321 is completely stuck in the first limiting groove 5311 or the second limiting groove 5312, the first guide surface 5322 abuts against the side wall portion of the V-shaped groove 5332.

[0044] Embodiment 1 also discloses a protection device, referring to Fig.10 , including a protective sheet 61 and a second pull rope 62 , two protective sheets 61 are provided, and the two protective sheets 61 are respectively located at the openings on both sides of the first installation groove 11 , and the protective sheet 61 can cover the opening of the first installation groove 11 .

[0045] Reference Fig.10 The protective sheet 61 is elastically arranged. The upper end of the protective sheet 61 is fixedly connected to the steel frame 1. The lower end of the protective sheet 61 is fixedly connected to a magnetic sheet 64 for adsorbing on the steel frame 1. The second pull rope 62 is fixed to the lower end of the protective sheet 61. The implementation principle of the construction method of a deformation monitoring point 2 of a high-cold tunnel in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the monitoring point 2 is buffered by the damping rod 3, and when detection is required, the push block 533 is pulled by the first pull rope 52. During the movement of the push block 533, the limiting tooth 5321 is stuck in the V-shaped groove 5332, thereby driving the second limiting ring 532 to move away from the first limiting ring 531, so that the limiting tooth 5321 on the second limiting ring 532 is disengaged from the second limiting groove 5312; when the limiting tooth 5321 is completely disengaged from the second limiting groove 5312, due to the first guide surface 5327 2 contacts with the side wall portion of the V-shaped groove 5332. Under the action of the side wall of the V-shaped groove 5332, the second limiting ring 532 can rotate. At this time, the first guide surface 5322 abuts against the second guide surface 5313, and the first spring 33 forces the second limiting ring 532 to slide in the direction close to the first limiting ring 531, so that the limiting tooth 5321 slides into the first limiting groove 5311. Since the depth of the first limiting groove 5311 is deeper, the first spring 33 can force the positioning cover 4 to move in the direction close to the monitoring point 2 to position the first positioning rod 21, thereby positioning the monitoring point 2.

[0046] Embodiment 2: The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that, referring to Fig.11 A second positioning rod 22 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the monitoring point 2, and the axial direction of the second positioning rod 22 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the monitoring point 2. The driving mechanism 5 is a fourth pull rope 23, one end of the fourth pull rope 23 is fixedly connected to the end of the second positioning rod 22 away from the monitoring point 2, and the other end of the fourth pull rope 23 is passed through the steel frame 1.

[0047] Reference Fig.11 The positioning cover 4 is fixedly mounted on the upper groove wall of the first mounting groove 11. By pulling the fourth pull rope 23, the monitoring point 2 can be moved upward, so that the second positioning rod 22 is clamped in the positioning hole 41, thereby moving the monitoring point 2 to the monitoring point position.

[0048] Reference Fig.11 The side walls and bottom wall of the first mounting groove 11 are fixedly connected with the first magnet 14, and the remaining surfaces except the upper surface of the detection point are fixedly connected with the second magnet 24 corresponding to the first magnet 14, and the second magnet 24 and the corresponding first magnet 14 repel each other.

[0049] The implementation principle of Example 2 is: through the mutual repulsion between the first magnet 14 and the second magnet 24, when the steel frame 1 vibrates, the monitoring point 2 can be buffered, and when positioning, the fourth pull rope 23 is pulled to pull the monitoring point 2 upward, and the monitoring point 2 can be positioned through the positioning cover 4.

[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A construction method for deformation monitoring points in high-cold tunnels, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1: installing a steel frame (1), and after the steel frame (1) is installed, flexibly connecting or damping movably connecting a monitoring point (2) to the steel frame (1); S2: before spraying concrete, protecting the monitoring point (2) by means of a protective device (6); S3: after spraying concrete and before the concrete hardens, removing the protective device (6) and the shielding; S4: when it is necessary to monitor the displacement of the tunnel, locating the relative position between the monitoring point (2) and the steel frame (1) so that the monitoring point (2) is restored to its original position relative to the steel frame (1).

2. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S4, the steel frame (1) is provided with a positioning member for positioning the monitoring point (2), and the steel frame (1) is provided with a driving mechanism (5) for driving the positioning member to position the monitoring point (2).

3. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized by: A first mounting groove (11) is formed through the side surface of the steel frame (1) in the thickness direction. The monitoring point (2) is in a cube shape. The monitoring point (2) is located in the first mounting groove (11). A damping rod (3) is provided at the vertex of each monitoring point (2). One end of the damping rod (3) is ball-jointed to the monitoring point (2), and the other end of the damping rod (3) is ball-jointed to the groove wall of the first mounting groove (11).

4. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The damping rod (3) comprises a sliding tube (32), a telescopic rod (31) and a first spring (33); the sliding tube (32) has a sliding cavity (321); the telescopic rod (31) is connected to the sliding cavity (321) in a sliding manner along an axial direction; the first spring (33) is located in the sliding cavity (321); one end of the first spring (33) is fixed to a cavity wall of the sliding cavity (321); and the other end of the first spring (33) is fixed to the telescopic rod (31).

5. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 4 is characterized by: The sliding tube (32) is provided with a buffer assembly (34) to further buffer the telescopic rod (31); the buffer assembly (34) comprises a first gear (341), a second gear (342), a third gear (343), a rack (344) and a damping plate (345); the first gear (341) is rotatably connected to the telescopic rod (31); the second gear (342) is coaxially connected to the first gear (341); the third gear (343) is rotatably connected to the telescopic rod (31); and the third gear (343) is meshed with the second gear (342). The length direction of the rack (344) is parallel to the axial direction of the sliding tube (32); the rack (344) is arranged on the sliding tube (32); the rack (344) is meshed with the first gear (341); the damping plate (345) is coaxially connected to the third gear (343); the sliding tube (32) is provided with a damping plate (35); the damping plate (345) abuts against the damping plate (35); the first gear (341) and the third gear (343) have the same number of teeth; the second gear (342) has a greater number of teeth than the first gear (341).

6. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The positioning member is a positioning cover (4), the cross section of the positioning cover (4) is square, the width of the cross section of the positioning cover (4) gradually increases in a direction approaching the monitoring point (2), a positioning hole (41) is provided at the bottom of the positioning cover (4) away from the monitoring point (2), a first positioning rod (21) for being clamped in the positioning hole (41) is provided on the side of the monitoring point (2) close to the positioning cover (4), two positioning covers (4) are provided, and the two positioning covers (4) are respectively located at the upper and lower sides of the monitoring point (2), and the driving mechanism (5) is used to control the positioning cover (4) to move in a direction approaching the monitoring point (2).

7. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 6 is characterized by: The driving mechanism (5) comprises a first pull rope (52), a second spring (51) and a limit assembly (53); a sliding ring (42) is provided on a side of the positioning cover (4) away from the monitoring point (2); the sliding ring (42) is slidably connected to the steel frame (1) in a vertical direction; one end of the first pull rope (52) is connected to the positioning cover (4); the second spring (51) forces the sliding ring (42) to slide in a direction close to the monitoring point (2); and the limit assembly (53) is used to limit the sliding ring (42).

8. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 7 is characterized by: The limiting assembly (53) comprises a push block (533), a first limiting ring (531) and a second limiting ring (532); the first installation groove (11) has upper and lower groove walls provided with a first sliding hole (13); the first limiting ring (531) is fixed in the first sliding hole (13); the push block (533) is slidably connected to the inside of the first limiting ring (531); the second limiting ring (532) is located at the first limiting ring (531) away from the monitoring point (2). On one side, the second limiting ring (532) is slidably connected to the first sliding hole (13), the first limiting ring (531) is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves (5311) and second limiting grooves (5312) that are alternately arranged, the depth of the first limiting groove (5311) is greater than the depth of the second limiting groove (5312), the second limiting ring (532) is provided with a plurality of limiting teeth (5321), and the plurality of limiting teeth (5321) can be clamped on a plurality of The first limiting groove (5311) is clamped in a plurality of second limiting grooves (5312), a plurality of V-shaped grooves (5332) are formed around one end of the push block (533) close to the second limiting ring (532), a V-shaped tip is formed between two adjacent V-shaped grooves (5332), a first guide surface (5322) is provided on one side of the limiting tooth (5321), and the first limiting groove (5311) and the second limiting groove (5312) are located on one side of the groove. A second guide surface (5313) is provided for guiding the first guide surface (5322); when the second limiting ring (532) slides axially, the second guide surface (5313) can force the second limiting ring (532) to rotate; when the limiting tooth (5321) is completely stuck in the first limiting groove (5311) or the second limiting groove (5312), the first guide surface (5322) abuts against part of the side wall of the V-shaped groove (5332).

9. The construction method of a deformation monitoring point in a high-cold tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized by: The positioning member is a positioning cover (4), the cross section of the positioning cover (4) is square, the width of the cross section of the positioning cover (4) gradually increases in a direction close to the monitoring point (2), a positioning hole (41) is provided at the bottom of the positioning cover (4) away from the monitoring point (2), the positioning cover (4) is located above the monitoring point (2), the driving mechanism (5) is a fourth pull rope (23), one end of the fourth pull rope (23) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the monitoring point (2), and the other end of the fourth pull rope (23) is passed through the steel frame (1), the monitoring point (2) is provided with a second magnet (24) on all surfaces except the upper surface, and the steel frame (1) is provided with a plurality of first magnets (14) respectively corresponding to the plurality of second magnets (24), and the first magnet (14) and the second magnet (24) repel each other.

10. A protection device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a protective sheet (61) and a second pull rope (62), wherein the protective sheet (61) is elastically arranged, the upper end of the protective sheet (61) is fixed to the steel frame (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the lower end of the protective sheet (61) is provided with a magnetic sheet (64) for adsorbing on the steel frame (1), and the second pull rope (62) is fixed to the lower end of the protective sheet (61).

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