Hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogenation, and discloses a hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage, and the hydrogenation system comprises an emergency cut-off system, a scram button, an emergency switch-off system and a control system, the emergency cut-off valve is electrically connected with the emergency stop button and the PLC control system and is used for cutting off a hydrogen passage when an abnormality occurs; and the PLC control system is electrically connected with the emergency cut-off system, is electrically connected with the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system and the process equipment system, and is used for receiving signals and controlling the operation of each module. According to the invention, hydrogenation is carried out on a large batch of small solid hydrogen storage tanks in the form of a hydrogenation tank changing machine. The machine is connected with the solid hydrogen storage tank in a quick-plug connector mode, when hydrogenation is needed, the empty tank only needs to be inserted into equipment, plug-and-play is achieved, and the empty tank is pulled out after being filled up. The problem of filling efficiency of a large batch of solid hydrogen storage tanks can be solved, the service efficiency of a hydrogen refueling station is improved, the requirements for the working conditions and the number of operators are not high, human intervention is little, and the automation degree is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogenation technology, and in particular to a hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid-state hydrogen storage. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the restrictions on traditional energy sources, hydrogen energy as an efficient, clean and pollution-free alternative energy source has gradually attracted attention and has gradually begun to be promoted and applied. However, the widespread application of hydrogen energy is challenged by its storage, transportation and supply. Hydrogen energy storage and transportation are exploring the development of technologies from traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation to liquefied hydrogen storage and transportation, solid hydrogen storage and transportation, and organic liquid hydrogen storage and transportation.

[0003] In terms of hydrogen refueling technology, high-pressure gas hydrogen refueling technology is the main one, and liquid hydrogen refueling technology is still in its infancy. High-pressure gas hydrogen refueling is difficult to popularize quickly due to the limited investment in hydrogenation equipment hardware and supporting equipment.

[0004] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is mainly based on the hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics of certain substances and the heat exchange phenomenon accompanying the hydrogen absorption and desorption process. Compared with high-pressure hydrogen storage, it has the advantages of high safety and high volume density. It is one of the most promising hydrogen storage technologies for promoting hydrogen energy in urban built-up areas. It has great advantages especially for small hydrogen-using units, such as hydrogen-powered bicycles and hydrogen-powered drones.

[0005] Based on the above advantages of solid-state hydrogen storage, the present invention proposes a hydrogen refueling station system that is beneficial to the promotion and application of this model, so as to solve the current problems of slow solid-state hydrogen storage, inability to refuel in large quantities, and poor portability of hydrogen refueling equipment. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid-state hydrogen storage. The current solid-state hydrogen storage has problems such as slow speed, inability to hydrogenate in large quantities, and poor portability of hydrogenation equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage, comprising: The emergency shutoff system includes: an emergency stop button for manually triggering emergency operation; an emergency shutoff valve electrically connected to the emergency stop button and the PLC control system for shutting off the hydrogen passage in the event of an abnormality; A PLC control system is electrically connected to the emergency cut-off system, and is electrically connected to the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system and the process equipment system, and is used to receive signals and control the operation of each module; The hydrogen leakage and flame detection system includes: a combustible gas alarm host connected to the hydrogen leakage probe through a signal line, used to detect hydrogen leakage and transmit the signal to the PLC control system; a flame alarm host connected to the flame probe through a signal line, used to detect flame signals and transmit the signals to the PLC control system; The process equipment system includes: a storage tank or a long tube trailer, connected to the needle valve 1 through a pipeline, for providing high-pressure hydrogen; a hydrogenation module, connected to the storage tank or the long tube trailer through a pipeline, including: Needle valve 1, used to control the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank or long tube trailer into the buffer tank; A buffer tank, connected to needle valve 1, is used to buffer the pressure fluctuation of high-pressure hydrogen; Needle valve 2, connected with the buffer tank and the pressure reducing valve, used to control the flow of hydrogen from the buffer tank to the pressure reducing valve; the pressure reducing valve, used to adjust the hydrogen pressure to a pressure suitable for the solid hydrogen storage tank; the flow limiter, connected with the pressure reducing valve and the quick-connect connector, used to limit the hydrogen flow rate; A quick-connect connector is connected to the flow limiter and is used to realize the quick connection and separation of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; a cooling system, including a heat exchanger and a spray device, is connected to the hydrogenation module and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and is used to cool the hydrogen and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; The solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen refueling module through a quick-connect connector and is used to store the refilled hydrogen.

[0008] Preferably, the emergency shut-off system is connected to the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system through a PLC control system. When the hydrogen leakage probe detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the set value or the flame probe detects a flame, the PLC control system triggers the emergency shut-off valve to close the hydrogen passage and sends an alarm signal through the combustible gas alarm host or the flame alarm host.

[0009] Preferably, the cooling system comprises: A heat exchanger, connected to the pressure reducing valve, is used to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen before it enters the solid hydrogen storage tank; The spray device is installed on the outside of the solid hydrogen storage tank and is used to cool the solid hydrogen storage tank by spraying water.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrogenation module comprises: Buffer tanks are used to buffer instantaneous pressure fluctuations before high-pressure hydrogen flows from storage tanks or tube trailers to pressure reducing valves; A pressure reducing valve is used to adjust the hydrogen pressure to the working pressure range required by the solid hydrogen storage tank; The flow limiter is located downstream of the pressure reducing valve and is used to limit the hydrogen flow rate to prevent the solid hydrogen storage tank from being damaged due to excessive flow rate; The quick-plug connector is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and is used to realize the quick plug-in and pull-out operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0011] Preferably, the quick-connect connector comprises: A self-locking device, used to automatically lock and prevent the solid hydrogen storage tank from loosening after being connected; High-pressure sealing device, used to ensure the gas tightness of quick-connect fittings under high-pressure conditions.

[0012] Preferably, the PLC control system realizes simultaneous filling and automatic control of multiple solid-state hydrogen storage tanks by monitoring the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system, cooling system and hydrogenation module.

[0013] A hydrogenation method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage, comprising the following steps: Connect the solid hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogenation module via a quick-connect connector; The PLC control system starts the cooling system, cools the hydrogen gas through the heat exchanger, and cools the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank through the spray device; Hydrogen enters the buffer tank from the storage tank or long tube trailer through needle valve 1; The hydrogen flows from the buffer tank through needle valve 2 to the pressure reducing valve, and the pressure is adjusted to the applicable range of the solid hydrogen storage tank; The hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage tank after the flow rate is limited by the flow restrictor; When the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches the preset pressure, the PLC control system closes needle valve 2 and stops hydrogenation.

[0014] Preferably, the method further comprises the following nitrogen replacement step: Close needle valve 2 to isolate the hydrogen passage; Open needle valve 4 and inject nitrogen into the system through the nitrogen manifold; Open needle valve six to discharge the mixed gas out of the system; Repeat the injection and evacuation operations until the residual hydrogen in the pipeline is completely replaced.

[0015] Preferably, in an emergency, the following steps are included: When the hydrogen leak detector or flame detector detects an abnormality, the PLC control system triggers the emergency shut-off valve to close the hydrogen passage; Open the automatic valve to exhaust the residual hydrogen in the hydrogenation module and pipeline; An alarm signal is issued and all hydrogenation operations are stopped.

[0016] The present invention provides a hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid-state hydrogen storage, which has the following beneficial effects: The process equipment system designed by the present invention supports the simultaneous hydrogenation operation of multiple solid-state hydrogen storage tanks. The filling positions are independently controlled, and the PLC control system can independently regulate the pressure and flow rate of each filling passage, thereby significantly improving the filling efficiency. This feature is particularly suitable for scenarios such as hydrogen-powered drones and hydrogen-powered logistics vehicles that require large-scale hydrogen storage tank filling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a system flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the hydrogenation system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the hydrogenation system of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the control system of the present invention.

[0018] Among them, 1. Emergency shut-off system; 11. Emergency stop button; 12. Emergency shut-off valve; 2. PLC control system; 3. Hydrogen leak and flame detection system; 31. Combustible gas alarm host; 32. Hydrogen leak probe; 33. Flame alarm host; 34. Flame probe; 4. Process equipment system; 41. Storage tank or long tube trailer; 42. Hydrogenation module; 421. Needle valve 1; 422. Check valve; 423. Needle valve 2; 424. Check valve Valve; 425, buffer tank; 426, emergency shut-off valve; 427, pressure reducing valve; 428, automatic valve; 429, needle valve three; 4210, safety valve; 4211, heat exchanger; 4212, thermometer; 4213, needle valve four; 4214, needle valve five; 4215, flow limiter; 4216, needle valve six; 4217, one-way valve; 4218, quick connector; 43, nitrogen bus; 44, cooling system; 45, solid hydrogen storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see attached Figure 1-4 The embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid-state hydrogen storage, including: The emergency shutoff system 1 is closely related to the safety control of the entire hydrogenation system. It is mainly used to quickly cut off the flow path of hydrogen manually or automatically in case of hydrogen leakage, abnormal flame detection or other emergency situations to ensure the safety of equipment and operating environment. The system is linked with the PLC control system 2, hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3, and is connected with the pipelines of the storage tank or long tube trailer 41 and the hydrogenation module 42 to realize real-time detection and emergency response functions.

[0021] In this embodiment, the emergency shut-off system 1 includes an emergency stop button 11 and an emergency shut-off valve 12, which respectively assume the functions of manual triggering and automatic control. The emergency stop button 11 is installed on the operation panel of the hydrogen refueling station, and its position is ergonomically optimized to ensure that the operator can quickly press the button to trigger an emergency response in an emergency.

[0022] The emergency stop button 11 is connected to the PLC control system 2 through a signal line. When the operator presses the emergency stop button, the signal is immediately transmitted to the PLC control system, thereby triggering the emergency shut-off valve 12 to cut off the flow path of hydrogen. The design of the emergency stop button can adapt to the outdoor environment of the hydrogen refueling station, and has waterproof and dustproof properties to ensure normal use under various working conditions.

[0023] In this embodiment, the emergency shut-off valve 12 is installed on the main hydrogen passage between the storage tank or long tube trailer 41 and the needle valve 421, and adopts a solenoid valve structure, which can be quickly closed under the control of the PLC control system 2.

[0024] When the PLC control system receives a trigger signal from the emergency stop button 11, or the hydrogen leak detector 32 and the flame detector 34 in the hydrogen leak and flame detection system 3 detect abnormal signals, the emergency shut-off valve will be immediately closed to block the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank to the hydrogenation module 42.

[0025] The emergency shut-off valve has an optimized response time and can be closed in milliseconds, thus quickly isolating the source of danger. The valve body is made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength materials suitable for high-pressure hydrogen delivery environments, and has been leak-tested to ensure sealing performance.

[0026] In this embodiment, the emergency shutoff system works in conjunction with the PLC control system 2. When the PLC control system detects that the signal from the hydrogen leak detector 32 exceeds the set hydrogen concentration threshold, or the flame detector 34 detects a flame signal, the emergency shutoff valve 12 is triggered through signal linkage to close the hydrogen passage.

[0027] When the emergency shut-off system is actuated, the PLC control system will send a stop command to the cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42, and trigger an audible and visual alarm to notify the operator to respond quickly.

[0028] To ensure the reliability of the emergency shut-off system, the system is equipped with a periodic test function. The PLC control system periodically triggers the emergency shut-off valve closing test to verify whether its response speed and sealing performance meet the design requirements. During the actual maintenance process, the operator can manually test the emergency stop button 11 and the emergency shut-off valve 12 through the operation panel to check whether the signal transmission and action status are normal.

[0029] In this embodiment, the working process of the emergency shutoff system is as follows: Step 1: When the operator finds an abnormality, he can directly press the emergency stop button 11, which will transmit the command to the PLC control system 2 through the signal line; Step 2: After receiving the signal from the emergency stop button, the PLC control system sends a closing command to the emergency shut-off valve 12, and the emergency shut-off valve is immediately actuated to cut off the hydrogen passage from the storage tank or long tube trailer 41 to the hydrogenation module 42; Step 3: At the same time, the PLC control system will notify the cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42 to stop running to ensure the safe shutdown of the entire system; Step 4: If the hydrogen leak probe 32 detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, or the flame probe 34 detects a flame signal, the PLC control system will automatically trigger the emergency shut-off valve to close the hydrogen passage without operator intervention.

[0030] The emergency shut-off system 1 in this embodiment realizes the manual and automatic triggering functions through the emergency stop button 11 and the emergency shut-off valve 12, and ensures that the system can respond quickly when abnormal situations such as hydrogen leakage or flame occur by working in coordination with the PLC control system 2 and the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3. The system is simple and reliable in design, and can quickly isolate the dangerous source when it appears, greatly improving the safety of the hydrogenation system.

[0031] PLC control system 2 The main function of the PLC control system 2 is to coordinate and link the subsystems, including the emergency shut-off system 1, the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3, the process equipment system 4 and the cooling system 44, to realize the automation, safety control and abnormal handling of the hydrogenation process. In the present invention, the PLC control system ensures the efficient operation of each functional module through real-time signal acquisition, logical judgment and execution of control commands, while improving the safety and reliability of system operation.

[0032] In this embodiment, the PLC control system 2 is used to realize the automatic control and safety protection of the entire hydrogenation system, and its specific implementation method is as follows: Signal acquisition and analysis: In this embodiment, the PLC control system is connected to each subsystem through a signal interface to collect key status signals in real time. Specifically, it includes: Acquire a hydrogen concentration signal in the environment from the hydrogen leak probe 32; Obtaining a flame state signal from the flame probe 34; Obtaining a pressure sensor signal from the hydrogen storage tank 45 to monitor pressure changes in the hydrogen storage tank; The real-time temperature of hydrogen and the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank is obtained from the temperature sensor of the cooling system 44. After these signals are collected by the PLC control system, logical analysis and judgment are performed to provide a basis for the operation of each functional module of the system.

[0033] Automated control process: In this embodiment, the PLC control system executes various operations of the hydrogenation process according to the preset control logic. Specifically, it includes: Start the cooling system 44: before the hydrogenation process begins, the PLC control system first starts the heat exchanger 4211 and the spray device to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen gas and the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and only allows the hydrogenation module 42 to operate after the temperature reaches the set value; Controlling the hydrogenation module 42: The PLC system controls the opening and closing of the needle valve 1 421, the needle valve 2 423, the pressure reducing valve 427 and other components according to the real-time pressure signal of the hydrogen storage tank 45, and accurately adjusts the flow and pressure of hydrogen to ensure a smooth hydrogenation process; Stop hydrogenation: When the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank reaches the preset value, the PLC system automatically closes needle valve 423, stops the flow of hydrogen, and notifies the operator to remove the hydrogen storage tank.

[0034] Abnormal detection and response: In this embodiment, the PLC control system detects and responds to abnormal signals by linking with the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3. Specifically: When the hydrogen leakage probe 32 detects that the hydrogen concentration in the environment exceeds the standard, or the flame probe 34 detects a flame signal, the PLC system immediately triggers the emergency shut-off valve 12 to close the hydrogen passage, and at the same time stops the operation of the cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42; When the emergency shut-off system is triggered, the PLC system controls the sound and light alarm device to sound an alarm, reminding the operator to take subsequent safety measures.

[0035] In this embodiment, the PLC control system realizes linkage control with other modules through pre-set control logic: With the emergency shut-off system 1: when an abnormal signal is detected or a trigger signal from the emergency stop button 11 is received, the PLC control system immediately sends a closing command to the emergency shut-off valve 12 to quickly isolate the hydrogen source; With cooling system 44: the PLC system monitors whether the cooling temperature reaches the set value, and the hydrogenation module is allowed to start only after the cooling system operates normally; With the hydrogenation module 42: according to the pressure signal of the hydrogen storage tank 45, dynamically adjust the operation state of the hydrogenation module to ensure that the pressure and flow rate in the hydrogen storage tank are within a safe range; The hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3 receives signals from the hydrogen leakage detector 32 and the flame detector 34 to determine the safety of the system operation environment.

[0036] Data recording and operation interface: In this embodiment, the PLC control system also has data recording and operation interface functions: Data recording: The system records various operating parameters during the hydrogenation process in real time, including hydrogen storage tank pressure, ambient temperature, hydrogen concentration, etc., for subsequent fault analysis and operation optimization; Operation interface: Provides a human-computer interaction interface for operators to view system status in real time, set hydrogenation parameters and execute operation commands.

[0037] In this embodiment, the working process of the PLC control system 2 is as follows: Initial detection: Before starting the system, the PLC system collects signals from the hydrogen leak detector 32, the flame detector 34 and the cooling system 44 to determine whether the operating environment meets the hydrogenation conditions; If an abnormal signal is detected, the system will not be allowed to start and will trigger an alarm.

[0038] Cooling control: If the initial test is passed, the PLC system starts the cooling system 44, controls the operation of the heat exchanger 4211 and the spray device, and ensures that the temperature of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen gas is reduced to within the set range.

[0039] Hydrogenation operation: When the cooling system reaches the target temperature, the PLC system opens needle valve 1 421 and needle valve 2 423 to control the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank 41 to the hydrogen storage tank 45; The hydrogen pressure is adjusted by the pressure reducing valve 427, and the hydrogen flow rate is controlled by the flow restrictor 4215; Monitor the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank in real time. When the preset value is reached, close the needle valve 423 and stop hydrogenation.

[0040] Abnormality handling: During the hydrogenation process, if the hydrogen leakage probe 32 or the flame probe 34 detects an abnormality, the PLC system immediately triggers the emergency shut-off valve 12 to close the hydrogen passage, and at the same time stops all operating modules and sounds an alarm.

[0041] Data recording and log storage: The system records the operating status and environmental data of each module in real time during the entire operation process for operation recording and subsequent analysis.

[0042] The PLC control system 2 in this embodiment serves as the control core of the hydrogenation system. Through the coordinated linkage with each module, it realizes the functions of automated hydrogenation operation, safety control and abnormal handling. Through real-time signal acquisition, logical judgment and instruction execution, the PLC control system effectively ensures the efficiency and safety of the hydrogenation process, and at the same time provides operators with an intuitive operation interface and data recording function, which facilitates the monitoring and maintenance of the system.

[0043] Hydrogen leak and flame detection system 3 The hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3 is mainly used to monitor hydrogen leakage and flame signals in the operating environment of the hydrogen refueling station in real time. Through linkage with the PLC control system 2, it quickly responds to abnormal conditions and triggers the emergency cut-off system 1 to achieve effective protection of the hydrogen refueling system. This system detects safety parameters in the operating environment through highly sensitive hydrogen leakage probes 32 and flame probes 34, and transmits the detection results to the PLC system through the combustible gas alarm host 31 and the flame alarm host 33 for safety control of the hydrogen refueling process.

[0044] In this embodiment, the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3 is composed of the following parts: a combustible gas alarm host 31, a hydrogen leakage probe 32, a flame alarm host 33 and a flame probe 34. The specific structure and function of the system are as follows: Combustible gas alarm host 31, in this embodiment, the combustible gas alarm host 31 is connected to multiple hydrogen leakage probes 32 through signal lines, and is used to receive hydrogen concentration signals collected by the hydrogen leakage probes and centrally process the signals.

[0045] The alarm host compares the collected hydrogen concentration with the set safety threshold. When the concentration exceeds the set value, the host will send an alarm signal to the PLC control system 2 through the signal output interface and trigger the sound and light alarm device to remind the operator.

[0046] In this embodiment, the hydrogen leakage probe 32 adopts a high-sensitivity sensor and is installed in key positions, including near the storage tank 41, around the hydrogenation module 42 and on the hydrogen delivery pipeline, for detecting the hydrogen concentration in the environment.

[0047] Each probe is connected to the combustible gas alarm host 31 via a signal line, enabling real-time signal acquisition and data transmission. The detection range and sensitivity of the probe have been optimized, and it can respond quickly at extremely low hydrogen concentrations, such as parts per million, to avoid further expansion of leakage risks.

[0048] In this embodiment, the flame alarm host 33 is connected to the flame probe 34 via a signal line, and is used to receive flame signals and perform centralized processing on the signals.

[0049] When the probe detects a flame signal, the flame alarm host will immediately send an alarm signal to the PLC control system 2, and simultaneously initiate the relevant actions of the emergency cut-off system 1, cut off the hydrogen passage, and stop the system operation. The flame alarm host can also remind the operator to intervene in time through the sound and light alarm device.

[0050] In this embodiment, the flame detector 34 is an ultraviolet or infrared flame sensor, which is installed around the storage tank 41, the hydrogenation module 42 and the hydrogen storage tank 45 to detect the presence of flame.

[0051] The flame detector has a fast response speed and can generate a signal and transmit it to the flame alarm host 33 at the moment of flame appearance. The position layout of the detector has been precisely designed to cover all possible flame appearance areas to ensure that there are no blind spots in the detection.

[0052] In this embodiment, the operation process of the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3 is as follows: Hydrogen leak detection process: The hydrogen leakage probe 32 collects the hydrogen concentration in the operating environment of the hydrogen filling station in real time and transmits the signal to the combustible gas alarm host 31; The alarm host compares the concentration signal with the set safety threshold; If the hydrogen concentration exceeds the set value, such as the lower explosion limit of 5% hydrogen volume concentration, the alarm host immediately sends an alarm signal to the PLC control system 2 and triggers the sound and light alarm device at the same time; The PLC control system starts the emergency shut-off system 1 according to the alarm signal, cuts off the hydrogen passage, and stops the operation of the cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42.

[0053] Flame detection process: The flame detector 34 monitors the flame signal of the target area in real time and transmits the signal to the flame alarm host 33; When the detector detects a flame signal, the flame alarm host immediately sends an alarm signal to the PLC control system and activates the emergency shut-off valve 12 to stop the flow of hydrogen; At the same time, the flame alarm host activates the sound and light alarm device to remind the operator to intervene quickly.

[0054] Signal linkage and response: After receiving the alarm signal, the PLC control system not only triggers the emergency shut-off action, but also records the time, location and concentration value of the alarm event, and notifies the operator to check and eliminate the hidden dangers.

[0055] Before the system resumes operation, manual confirmation is required that the fault has been eliminated before restarting.

[0056] The hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3 in this embodiment realizes real-time monitoring of the operating environment through the highly sensitive hydrogen leakage probe 32 and flame probe 34, and can quickly trigger an emergency response when an abnormality is found through the linkage between the alarm host and the PLC control system 2. The system has a reasonable layout and complete functions. It is an important part of the safety protection of the entire hydrogenation system and can effectively prevent safety accidents caused by hydrogen leakage and flames.

[0057] Process equipment system 4 The process equipment system 4 is directly related to the filling of the hydrogen storage tank 45. The process equipment system is mainly responsible for the stable delivery, pressure regulation and flow control of high-pressure hydrogen from the storage tank 41 to the solid hydrogen storage tank 45, and works in conjunction with the emergency cut-off system 1, the cooling system 44 and the PLC control system 2 to ensure the efficiency and safety of the hydrogenation process. This system consists of a storage tank or long tube trailer 41, a hydrogenation module 42, a cooling system 44 and a solid hydrogen storage tank 45. The components are interconnected to meet the needs of parallel filling of multiple tanks.

[0058] The storage tank or tube trailer 41 is the high-pressure hydrogen source of the hydrogenation system, storing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen inside. The storage tank is connected to the needle valve 421 through a pipeline and is responsible for providing a stable supply of high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogenation module 42. The design of the storage tank meets the safety standards for high-pressure operation and is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the internal pressure.

[0059] In this embodiment, the capacity and pressure specifications of the storage tank 41 are selected according to specific application requirements, and can support the simultaneous filling of multiple solid hydrogen storage tanks 45 with hydrogen. The connection between the storage tank and the needle valve 421 adopts a high-pressure sealed pipeline to prevent leakage of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0060] The hydrogenation module 42 is the core of the process equipment system, which is used to achieve flow regulation, pressure control and current limiting protection of hydrogen. In this embodiment, the needle valve 1 421 is installed between the storage tank 41 and the buffer tank 425 to control the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank to the buffer tank. The needle valve 1 can be controlled manually or remotely through the PLC control system 2 to ensure the safe delivery of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0061] In this embodiment, the buffer tank 425 is installed between the needle valve 1 421 and the needle valve 2 423 to buffer the pressure fluctuation of the high-pressure hydrogen and provide a stable hydrogen flow. The volume of the buffer tank is optimized to meet different flow requirements.

[0062] In this embodiment, the second needle valve 423 is installed between the buffer tank 425 and the pressure reducing valve 427 to control the flow of hydrogen from the buffer tank to the pressure reducing valve. The second needle valve is automatically controlled by the PLC control system 2.

[0063] In this embodiment, the pressure reducing valve 427 is responsible for adjusting the high-pressure hydrogen to a working pressure range suitable for the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 45 to absorb hydrogen, such as 10MPa or lower. The design of the pressure reducing valve ensures the stability of the output pressure and can quickly respond to adjustments when the pressure fluctuates. The flow limiter 4215 is located between the pressure reducing valve 427 and the quick-connect connector 4218, and is used to limit the flow rate of hydrogen to prevent high flow rates from damaging the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 45. The specifications of the flow limiter are selected according to the specific application scenario, which can not only ensure flow rate control, but also will not significantly affect the filling efficiency.

[0064] In this embodiment, the quick-connect connector 4218 is used to realize the quick connection and separation between the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 and the hydrogenation module 42. The quick-connect connector has a self-locking function, can maintain good sealing under high pressure conditions, and is easy to disassemble and assemble, which significantly improves the convenience of the equipment.

[0065] The cooling system 44 includes a heat exchanger 4211 and a spray device, which is used to reduce the temperature of hydrogen and the temperature of the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank during the hydrogenation process.

[0066] Heat exchanger 4211: located between the pressure reducing valve 427 and the flow limiter 4215, it is used to perform heat exchange cooling on the high-pressure hydrogen to ensure that the temperature of the hydrogen is within the set range before entering the hydrogen storage tank.

[0067] The spray device is installed outside the solid hydrogen storage tank 45, and removes the heat generated during the hydrogen absorption process by spraying coolant on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, thereby preventing the temperature from rising and affecting the hydrogen absorption efficiency.

[0068] In this embodiment, the operation of the cooling system is monitored by the PLC control system 2. Only after the temperature reaches the set target, the PLC system allows the hydrogenation module 42 to be started for refueling.

[0069] The solid hydrogen storage tank 45 is connected to the hydrogenation module 42 via a quick-insert connector 4218 and is used to store the added hydrogen. The interior of the hydrogen storage tank uses solid hydrogen storage materials, which have the characteristics of being able to store hydrogen at a high density and having high safety.

[0070] In this embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is suitable for small devices such as hydrogen-powered bicycles and drones. The filling status of each hydrogen storage tank is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor. When the set pressure is reached, the PLC system closes the needle valve 423 to stop hydrogen delivery.

[0071] In this embodiment, the operation flow of the process equipment system 4 is as follows: Initial operation: The storage tank 41 delivers high-pressure hydrogen to the buffer tank 425 through a needle valve 421; The PLC control system starts the cooling system 44, operates the heat exchanger 4211 and the spray device, and cools down the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage tank.

[0072] Hydrogenation operation: The PLC system opens needle valve 2 423 , and hydrogen flows from the buffer tank through pressure reducing valve 427 to adjust the pressure, and then the flow rate is limited by flow limiter 4215 and enters the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 .

[0073] The pressure sensor of the hydrogen storage tank monitors the internal pressure in real time, and the PLC system dynamically adjusts the valve status according to pressure changes.

[0074] Hydrogenation completed: When the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank reaches the set value, the PLC system closes needle valve 423, stops hydrogen delivery, and notifies the operator to remove the hydrogen storage tank.

[0075] Exception handling: If a hydrogen leak or flame signal is detected during the filling process, the PLC system will link the emergency cut-off system 1 to close the hydrogen passage and stop the cooling system and hydrogen filling module.

[0076] This embodiment also discloses a hydrogenation method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage, which specifically includes the following steps: 1 System startup and initial detection Equipment inspection and startup: Before starting the system, the operator checks the connection status of the storage tank 41, the hydrogenation module 42 and the cooling system 44 to ensure that the pipelines are well sealed.

[0077] The PLC control system 2 is started through the human-computer interaction interface, and the PLC system enters the monitoring state and starts to collect real-time signals from each module.

[0078] Environmental safety testing: The hydrogen leakage probe 32 detects the hydrogen concentration in the surrounding environment in real time and transmits the signal to the combustible gas alarm host 31; The flame detector 34 simultaneously detects whether there is a flame signal in the surrounding area; The PLC control system analyzes the above signals. If a hydrogen leak or flame signal is detected, the system will sound an alarm and stop the startup process until the hidden danger is eliminated.

[0079] If the test result is normal, the system enters the ready state.

[0080] Cooling system start: The PLC system starts the cooling system 44, operates the heat exchanger 4211 to cool the hydrogen, and cools the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank 45 through the spray device; The temperature sensor of the cooling system monitors the cooling effect in real time to ensure that the hydrogen temperature and the outer wall temperature of the hydrogen storage tank reach the set range.

[0081] 2Hydrogen storage tank connection and hydrogen refueling preparation Hydrogen tank connection: The operator connects the empty solid hydrogen storage tank 45 to the hydrogenation module 42 via the quick-connect connector 4218; The quick-connect connector automatically locks and seals to prevent leakage of high-pressure hydrogen, while feeding back the pressure signal of the hydrogen storage tank to the PLC system.

[0082] Hydrogen path detection: The PLC system checks whether all pipelines between the storage tank 41 and the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 are unobstructed, confirms that the valve status is normal, and ensures that the hydrogenation process can proceed smoothly.

[0083] 3 Hydrogenation process Start hydrogenation: After the cooling system runs stably, the PLC control system opens the needle valve 421 to allow the hydrogen to flow from the storage tank 41 to the buffer tank 425; The PLC system dynamically adjusts the opening of the needle valve 423 according to the real-time pressure signal in the hydrogen storage tank, and transports hydrogen from the buffer tank to the pressure reducing valve 427.

[0084] Hydrogen decompression and flow control: The high-pressure hydrogen is adjusted to a working pressure suitable for the solid hydrogen storage tank to absorb hydrogen through the pressure reducing valve 427; The decompressed hydrogen passes through the flow limiter 4215, and the flow rate is limited to the safe range of the hydrogen storage tank material to avoid hydrogen absorption damage caused by excessively high flow rate.

[0085] Hydrogen storage tank absorbs hydrogen: The hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 through the quick-insert connector 4218, and the pressure sensor of the hydrogen storage tank monitors the hydrogen absorption status in real time; The PLC system dynamically adjusts the opening and closing of needle valve 2 423 according to the pressure changes in the hydrogen storage tank to ensure a smooth hydrogenation process.

[0086] Hydrogenation completed: When the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank reaches a set value, such as 10 MPa or other pressure required by the application, the PLC system closes the needle valve 423 and stops the hydrogen delivery; At the same time, the operator is notified that the hydrogen tank filling is complete.

[0087] 4. Exception handling process Anomaly Detection: During the hydrogenation process, the hydrogen leakage probe 32 continuously monitors the hydrogen concentration in the environment. If the concentration exceeds the standard, a signal is immediately sent to the combustible gas alarm host 31; When the flame detector 34 detects a flame signal, it immediately sends a signal to the flame alarm host 33.

[0088] Emergency Response: After receiving the abnormal signal, the PLC system immediately triggers the emergency shutoff system 1, closes the emergency shutoff valve 12, and cuts off the supply of hydrogen from the storage tank 41 to the hydrogenation module 42; The cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42 are stopped at the same time to avoid further operational risks; The system sends out audible and visual alarms to remind operators to intervene quickly.

[0089] Abnormal exclusion: The operator checks the abnormal location according to the alarm prompt, eliminates the hydrogen leak or flame, and restarts the system for refueling.

[0090] 5Nitrogen replacement process To close the hydrogen passage: After the hydrogen filling is completed, the PLC system closes the needle valve 2 423 and the needle valve 1 421 to cut off the hydrogen flow path; Open needle valve 4213 and inject nitrogen into the hydrogenation module and pipeline through the nitrogen bus.

[0091] Pipeline emptying: Open needle valve 6 4216 to mix the nitrogen and residual hydrogen in the pipeline and then discharge them; Repeat the injection and emptying operation 3-5 times to ensure that the hydrogen in the pipeline is completely replaced. 6 System shutdown and separation of hydrogen storage tank Shutdown operation: After the filling is completed, the PLC system gradually shuts down all operating modules, including the cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42; Confirm that all valves are in the closed state and record the operation log.

[0092] Removal of hydrogen storage tank: The operator removes the hydrogen storage tank 45 filled with hydrogen from the quick-connect connector 4218; The quick-connect fitting automatically unlocks and closes the connection port, ensuring no hydrogen leaks.

[0093] Embodiment 1: Usage scenarios In a hydrogen refueling station in a certain city, it is necessary to quickly and safely complete the hydrogenation operation of solid-state hydrogen storage tanks for multiple hydrogen-powered drones. Assume that the capacity of the small solid-state hydrogen storage tank used by the drone is 500g in terms of hydrogen, the working pressure is 10MPa, and the refueling is required to be completed quickly and meet the unattended safety requirements. This embodiment describes the actual application process of "a hydrogenation system and method suitable for small solid-state hydrogen storage" based on the present invention.

[0094] Implementation process System startup and initial testing Equipment preparation: The hydrogen refueling station staff checks whether the connection between the storage tank 41 and the hydrogenation module 42 is normal, confirms that the pipeline is sealed and leak-free, and ensures that there is sufficient coolant in the water tank of the cooling system 44. After the inspection is correct, the PLC control system 2 is started through the human-computer interaction interface, and the system enters the initial monitoring state.

[0095] Environmental detection: The hydrogen leak detector 32 and the flame detector 34 begin to collect data in real time to monitor the hydrogen concentration and flame signal in the supply station.

[0096] The combustible gas alarm host 31 and the flame alarm host 33 transmit the detection data to the PLC system. The PLC system analyzes and confirms that the environment is safe and there is no abnormality. If an abnormal signal is detected, such as excessive hydrogen concentration, the PLC system stops starting and triggers an audible and visual alarm to notify the staff to check for hidden dangers.

[0097] Cooling system start-up: After confirming that the environment is safe, the PLC system starts the cooling system 44, the heat exchanger 4211 starts to cool the hydrogen in the pipeline, and the spray device cools the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank. The temperature sensor feeds back the cooling temperature in real time to ensure that the hydrogen temperature and the outer wall temperature of the hydrogen storage tank are within a safe range, such as below 10°C.

[0098] Solid-state hydrogen storage tank connection and hydrogenation preparation Hydrogen storage tank connection: The staff connects the small solid-state hydrogen storage tank of the drone to the hydrogenation module 42 through the quick-connect connector 4218. The quick-connect connector is self-locking and remains sealed. The hydrogen storage tank pressure sensor is connected to the PLC system to monitor the internal status of the hydrogen storage tank in real time.

[0099] Hydrogen passage detection: The PLC system automatically detects the patency of the pipeline from the storage tank 41 to the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 and confirms whether the valve status is normal. After the detection is passed, the system enters the hydrogenation waiting state.

[0100] Hydrogenation Start the hydrogenation process: The PLC system opens needle valve 1 421 and needle valve 2 423 in sequence, allowing high-pressure hydrogen to flow from the storage tank 41 into the buffer tank 425, and adjusts the working pressure to 10 MPa through the pressure reducing valve 427. After the flow limiter 4215, the hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage tank at a set flow rate such as 5 g / s.

[0101] Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment: The pressure sensor of the hydrogen storage tank feeds back the internal pressure data in real time. The PLC system dynamically adjusts the opening of needle valve 2423 according to the data to ensure stable pressure during hydrogenation and avoid overpressure or underpressure.

[0102] Cooling is carried out simultaneously: During the hydrogenation process, the heat exchanger 4211 continuously cools down the hydrogen, and the spray device cools the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank to prevent the heat released during the hydrogen absorption process from causing the hydrogen storage tank to overheat, affecting the hydrogen absorption efficiency or causing safety hazards.

[0103] Hydrogenation completed: When the pressure in the solid hydrogen storage tank reaches the set value of 10MPa, the PLC system closes the needle valve 423 and stops the hydrogen delivery. At the same time, the human-computer interaction interface prompts the staff that hydrogenation is completed.

[0104] Exception handling Hydrogen leakage response: If the hydrogen leakage probe 32 detects hydrogen leakage in the pipeline during the hydrogenation process, and the detected concentration exceeds the safety threshold, the combustible gas alarm host 31 immediately transmits the signal to the PLC system. The PLC system triggers the emergency shut-off valve 12 to shut off the hydrogen supply, and stops the operation of the cooling system 44 and the hydrogenation module 42. The system also triggers the sound and light alarm to notify the staff to check the leakage location.

[0105] Flame signal response: If the flame detector 34 detects a flame signal, the flame alarm host 33 immediately sounds an alarm, and the PLC system immediately closes the emergency shut-off valve 12, stops hydrogen delivery, and ensures system safety.

[0106] Nitrogen replacement operation Path switching: After completing hydrogenation or abnormality troubleshooting, the PLC system closes needle valve one 421 and needle valve two 423, opens needle valve four 4213, and injects nitrogen from the nitrogen bus into the pipeline and hydrogenation module.

[0107] Pipeline emptying: Open needle valve 64216, mix nitrogen with residual hydrogen in the pipeline and then empty it. Repeat 3-5 times to ensure that there is no residual hydrogen in the pipeline to avoid safety hazards in subsequent use.

[0108] Hydrogen storage tank separation: The staff removes the solid hydrogen storage tank filled with hydrogen from the quick-connect connector 4218, and connects a new empty tank for the next drone to refill.

[0109] System shutdown: When the drone batch refueling is completed, the staff shuts down the system through the human-machine interface. The PLC system gradually stops the operation of the cooling system and hydrogenation module, and records the operation log for subsequent maintenance and analysis.

[0110] Implementation Effect Through the operation process of this embodiment, the refueling station realizes the safe and efficient filling of solid hydrogen storage tanks of multiple hydrogen-powered UAVs. The PLC control system 2 monitors and automatically controls the entire process of hydrogenation, ensuring the safety and reliability of each step of the operation; the design of the quick-connect connector 4218 improves the convenience of connecting and separating the hydrogen storage tank; the operation of the cooling system 44 effectively prevents the overheating problem of the hydrogen storage tank caused by the hydrogen absorption process; the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system 3 ensures the environmental safety of the operation throughout the process. The application of the present invention solves the problem of filling small hydrogen storage tanks for UAVs, and is particularly suitable for batch, small, and efficient hydrogen filling needs.

[0111] Embodiment 2: Usage scenario: A hydrogen distribution station in an industrial park provides hydrogen refueling services for a batch of hydrogen logistics vehicles. The large solid hydrogen storage tanks used by these logistics vehicles have a single capacity of 5kg of hydrogen and a working pressure of 15MPa. The distribution station is required to be able to complete the hydrogen refueling of multiple tanks in parallel within a limited time and operate in an unattended state to ensure safety and efficiency.

[0112] Implementation process System startup and initial testing Equipment startup and inspection: The operator checks whether the storage tank 41, the hydrogenation module 42, the cooling system 44 and the pipeline connections are sealed intact to ensure that the hydrogen reserves in the storage tank are sufficient.

[0113] Start the PLC control system 2, the system enters the initial detection state, and begins to check the operating environment and equipment status.

[0114] Safety environment testing: The hydrogen leakage probe 32 is installed around the storage tank 41 and the hydrogenation module 42 to monitor the hydrogen leakage in real time; the flame probe 34 is arranged near the storage tank, the hydrogenation module and the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 to detect the flame signal.

[0115] The combustible gas alarm host 31 and the flame alarm host 33 transmit the detection results to the PLC system. If hydrogen leakage or abnormal flame signal is detected, the PLC system prevents the system from starting and triggers an audible and visual alarm to remind the operator to handle it. If there is no abnormality, the system enters the cooling preparation stage.

[0116] Cooling system start: The cooling system 44 starts to operate, the heat exchanger 4211 reduces the temperature of the hydrogen, and the spray device cools the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank 45 to ensure that the temperature of the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage tank are both below 10°C, providing a safe environment for hydrogenation operations.

[0117] Solid-state hydrogen storage tank connection and hydrogenation preparation Multi-tank connection operation: The operator sequentially connects the multiple solid hydrogen storage tanks 45 that need to be refueled on the logistics vehicle to the hydrogenation module 42 through the quick-plug connector 4218. Each quick-plug connector has a self-locking sealing function to ensure a tight connection without leakage. The pressure sensor of each hydrogen storage tank is connected to the PLC system 2 through the quick-plug connector to transmit the pressure status of the hydrogen storage tank to the control system in real time.

[0118] Hydrogen passage detection: The PLC system performs passage detection on the pipelines between the storage tank 41 and each hydrogen storage tank 45 to confirm whether the valve status is normal and whether the pipeline is unobstructed. After passing the detection, the system enters the hydrogenation waiting state.

[0119] Multi-tank parallel hydrogenation Start the hydrogenation process: the PLC system opens the needle valve 1 421 according to the cooling status and the passage detection result, so that the hydrogen flows from the storage tank 41 into the buffer tank 425; and then adjusts the hydrogen pressure to the working pressure of 15MPa through the needle valve 2 423 and the pressure reducing valve 427.

[0120] The flow limiter 4215 at each hydrogen filling position limits the hydrogen flow rate to a range suitable for the hydrogen storage tank 45, such as 10 g / s, to ensure safe filling of each hydrogen storage tank.

[0121] Parallel hydrogenation monitoring: The PLC system independently monitors the pressure sensor data of each hydrogen storage tank 45, and dynamically adjusts the opening and closing of each needle valve 2 423 according to the pressure change to ensure that the hydrogenation progress of each hydrogen storage tank is uniform and safe.

[0122] During the hydrogenation process, the heat exchanger 4211 and the spray device operate synchronously to ensure the stability of the hydrogen temperature and prevent high temperature from affecting the hydrogen absorption efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0123] Hydrogenation completion: When the pressure in a hydrogen storage tank reaches the set value of 15MPa, the PLC system closes the needle valve 423 at the hydrogenation position, stops the flow of hydrogen, and records the completion status of the tank. Other hydrogen storage tanks continue to be filled until all hydrogen storage tanks have completed hydrogenation.

[0124] Exception handling process Hydrogen Leak Response: If during the hydrogenation process, the hydrogen leakage probe 32 detects that the hydrogen concentration in a certain pipeline exceeds the standard, such as the concentration reaches 1% by volume, the combustible gas alarm host 31 immediately sends a signal to the PLC system. The PLC system triggers the emergency shut-off valve 12 to cut off the gas supply from the storage tank 41 to the hydrogenation module 42, and stops the operation of the cooling system 44, and at the same time sends out an audible and visual alarm to notify the operator to check the pipeline.

[0125] Flame signal response: If the flame detector 34 detects a flame signal, the flame alarm host 33 immediately sends a signal to the PLC system. The PLC system closes the emergency shut-off valve 12, stops the filling operation of all hydrogen filling positions, triggers an audible and visual alarm, and ensures that the entire system is in a safe state.

[0126] Nitrogen replacement operation Path switching: After hydrogenation is completed or abnormal handling is completed, the operator starts the nitrogen replacement process. The PLC system closes all hydrogen path valves, needle valve 1 421, needle valve 2 423, etc., opens needle valve 4 4213, and injects nitrogen from the nitrogen bus into the pipeline and hydrogenation module.

[0127] Clear the pipeline: Open needle valve 64216, mix the nitrogen and residual hydrogen in the pipeline and then empty it, repeat 3-5 times until the hydrogen content in the pipeline drops to a safe range.

[0128] Hydrogen tank separation and system shutdown Separation of hydrogen storage tank: The staff removes the solid hydrogen storage tank 45 filled with hydrogen from the quick-connect connector 4218 in turn and installs it back on the logistics vehicle. For the hydrogen storage tank that needs to be further filled, the staff can repeat the filling process.

[0129] System shutdown: After filling all hydrogen storage tanks, the staff shuts down the system through the human-machine interface. The PLC system stops the operation of the cooling system and hydrogenation module, and records the log information of this operation for subsequent analysis and maintenance Through this embodiment, the hydrogen distribution station can efficiently complete the filling operation of hydrogen storage tanks for multiple hydrogen logistics vehicles. During the operation of the system, the modules work together to ensure the precise control of hydrogen flow and pressure, while monitoring the hydrogen concentration and flame signal in the environment throughout the process to ensure safe operation. The parallel filling of multiple tanks significantly shortens the waiting time of logistics vehicles, and the use of quick-connect connectors simplifies the connection and separation process of hydrogen storage tanks. The nitrogen replacement process further improves the safety and reliability of the system and avoids the hidden dangers caused by residual hydrogen. This embodiment demonstrates the practical application potential of the present invention in industrial hydrogen energy replenishment.

[0130] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage, characterized in that: include: The emergency shutoff system (1) comprises: an emergency stop button (11) for manually triggering an emergency operation; an emergency shutoff valve (12) electrically connected to the emergency stop button (11) and the PLC control system (2) for shutting off the hydrogen passage when an abnormality occurs; A PLC control system (2) is electrically connected to the emergency shutoff system (1), and is also electrically connected to the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system (3) and the process equipment system (4), and is used to receive signals and control the operation of each module; A hydrogen leakage and flame detection system (3) comprises: a combustible gas alarm host (31), connected to a hydrogen leakage probe (32) via a signal line, used to detect hydrogen leakage and transmit the signal to a PLC control system (2); a flame alarm host (33), connected to a flame probe (34) via a signal line, used to detect flame signals and transmit the signals to a PLC control system (2); The process equipment system (4) includes: a storage tank or a long tube trailer (41), connected to a needle valve 1 (421) via a pipeline, and used to provide high-pressure hydrogen; a hydrogenation module (42), connected to the storage tank or the long tube trailer (41) via a pipeline, and including: Needle valve 1 (421), used to control the flow of hydrogen from the storage tank or the tube trailer (41) into the buffer tank (425); A buffer tank (425), connected to the needle valve 1 (421), for buffering pressure fluctuations of the high-pressure hydrogen; The second needle valve (423) is connected to the buffer tank (425) and the pressure reducing valve (427) and is used to control the flow of hydrogen from the buffer tank (425) to the pressure reducing valve (427); the pressure reducing valve (427) is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen to a pressure suitable for the solid hydrogen storage tank (45); the flow limiter (4215) is connected to the pressure reducing valve (427) and the quick connector (4218) and is used to limit the flow rate of hydrogen; A quick-connect connector (4218) is connected to the flow limiter (4215) and is used to quickly connect and disconnect the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (45); a cooling system (44) includes a heat exchanger (4211) and a spray device, is connected to the hydrogenation module (42) and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (45), and is used to cool the hydrogen and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (45); The solid hydrogen storage tank (45) is connected to the hydrogenation module (42) via a quick-connect connector (4218) and is used to store the hydrogen gas.

2. A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency shutoff system (1) is connected to the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system (3) through the PLC control system (2). When the hydrogen leakage detector (32) detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the set value or the flame detector (34) detects a flame, the PLC control system (2) triggers the emergency shutoff valve (12) to close the hydrogen passage and sends an alarm signal through the combustible gas alarm host (31) or the flame alarm host (33).

3. A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling system (44) comprises: A heat exchanger (4211) connected to the pressure reducing valve (427) for reducing the temperature of the hydrogen before it enters the solid hydrogen storage tank (45); The spray device is installed outside the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) and is used to cool the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) by spraying water.

4. A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogenation module (42) comprises: A buffer tank (425) is used to buffer instantaneous pressure fluctuations before the high-pressure hydrogen flows from the storage tank or the tube trailer (41) to the pressure reducing valve (427); A pressure reducing valve (427) for adjusting the hydrogen pressure to a working pressure range required by the solid hydrogen storage tank (45); A flow limiter (4215), located downstream of the pressure reducing valve (427), is used to limit the hydrogen flow rate to prevent the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) from being damaged due to excessive flow rate; The quick-plug connector (4218) is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (45) and is used to implement a quick plug-in and pull-out operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

5. A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Quick-connect fitting (4218) includes: A self-locking device, used to automatically lock the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) after it is connected and prevent it from coming loose; High-pressure sealing device, used to ensure the gas tightness of quick-connect fittings under high-pressure conditions.

6. A hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PLC control system (2) realizes simultaneous filling and automatic control of multiple solid hydrogen storage tanks (45) by monitoring the hydrogen leakage and flame detection system (3), the cooling system (44) and the hydrogen filling module (42).

7. A hydrogenation method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage, according to a hydrogenation system suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the following step: Connecting the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) to the hydrogenation module (42) via a quick-connect connector (4218); The PLC control system (2) starts the cooling system (44), cools the hydrogen gas through the heat exchanger (4211), and cools the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) through the spray device; Hydrogen enters the buffer tank (425) from the storage tank or the long tube trailer (41) through the needle valve 1 (421); The hydrogen flows from the buffer tank (425) through the second needle valve (423) to the pressure reducing valve (427), and the pressure is adjusted to the applicable range of the solid hydrogen storage tank (45); The hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) after the flow rate is limited by the flow restrictor (4215); When the solid hydrogen storage tank (45) reaches a preset pressure, the PLC control system (2) closes the second needle valve (423) to stop hydrogenation.

8. A hydrogenation method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following nitrogen replacement steps are also included: Close needle valve 2 (423) to isolate the hydrogen passage; Open needle valve 4 (4213) and inject nitrogen into the system through the nitrogen manifold (43); Open needle valve six (4216) to discharge the mixed gas from the system; Repeat the injection and evacuation operations until the residual hydrogen in the pipeline is completely replaced.

9. A hydrogenation method suitable for small solid hydrogen storage according to claim 7, characterized in that: In an emergency, the following steps are included: When the hydrogen leak detector (32) or the flame detector (34) detects an abnormality, the PLC control system (2) triggers the emergency shut-off valve (12) to close the hydrogen passage; Open the automatic valve (428) to exhaust the residual hydrogen in the hydrogenation module (42) and the pipeline; An alarm signal is issued and all hydrogenation operations are stopped.

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