An intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of soil erosion monitoring technology, and relates to an intelligent measuring probe based on a chirped 45° tilted grating and its measurement method. The measuring probe includes a light source module, a grating module, and a signal processing module. The grating module uses a chirped 45° tilted grating. The light source module generates a continuous wavelength laser beam. A circulator and a polarizer are placed between the light source module and the grating module. When the incident laser wavelength of the grating module matches the local period of the grating, the laser beam is reflected to the main optical path. A photodetector is connected to the circulator; the light reflected by the grating module passes through the polarizer and the circulator before being received by the photodetector. The signal processing module is connected to the photodetector and is used to analyze the electrical signal to monitor changes in reflected light at the soil-air interface, monitor changes in soil-air position, and thus monitor the real-time status of soil erosion. This solves the problem of currently relying on manual data reading and analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil erosion monitoring technology, and relates to an intelligent measuring rod based on a chirped 45° tilted grating and its measurement method. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion is a surface degradation process caused by the combined effects of the natural environment and human activities, commonly found in agricultural land, riverbanks, and slopes. With the intensification of climate change and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events (such as torrential rains and floods), soil erosion has become an increasingly serious problem. Erosion not only leads to the loss of topsoil, reducing soil fertility and affecting agricultural production, but it can also trigger geological disasters such as landslides and reservoir siltation, seriously threatening the stability of ecosystems and human safety. Therefore, real-time monitoring and early warning of soil erosion, and understanding the dynamic changes in the erosion process, are of significant practical importance for providing a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and disaster prevention.

[0003] Currently, commonly used soil erosion monitoring technologies include ultrasonic sensing, laser ranging, and various types of ground sensors. These monitoring methods typically employ a top-down signal transmission approach, that is, emitting ultrasonic or laser signals from the measuring device towards the ground surface and calculating changes in soil surface height by receiving the reflected signals. While this method is simple and easy to operate, it also has significant limitations:

[0004] First, the presence of complex surface materials (such as rocks, vegetation, and weeds) makes reflected signals susceptible to interference, leading to significant measurement errors. This is especially true in areas with heavy vegetation cover, where signals are reflected by weeds or other obstacles, preventing the monitoring system from accurately reflecting the true changes in the soil.

[0005] Secondly, traditional ultrasonic or laser measuring equipment has limited spatial resolution and sensitivity, making it difficult to provide high-precision monitoring data, especially when the degree of erosion is mild and the soil surface changes are subtle.

[0006] In addition, these devices are poorly adapted to different types of soil conditions, requiring frequent parameter adjustments to obtain accurate results.

[0007] Currently, most monitoring equipment on the market is a discrete data acquisition system, relying on manual data reading and analysis. This not only increases the cost and workload of monitoring but also limits the real-time nature and widespread application of the data. Due to the lack of remote transmission and real-time analysis capabilities, many systems can only perform single-point monitoring and cannot meet the needs of dynamic monitoring of soil erosion over large areas.

[0008] Therefore, improving the anti-interference capability, resolution, and real-time monitoring level of monitoring equipment has become a significant technical challenge for soil and water conservation and geological disaster early warning systems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, which solves the problem that currently requires manual data reading and analysis.

[0010] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] This invention discloses an intelligent probe measuring system based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising a light source module, a grating module, and a signal processing module;

[0012] The grating module uses a chirped 45° tilted grating, and during use, part of the grating module is buried underground;

[0013] The light source module is used to generate laser beams of continuous wavelengths;

[0014] A circulator and a polarizer are placed between the light source module and the grating module;

[0015] The polarizer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam is incident on the grating module in the form of TE polarized light; when the incident laser wavelength of the grating module matches the local period of the grating, the laser beam is reflected to the main optical path.

[0016] The circulator is connected to a photodetector. The light reflected by the grating module passes through the polarizer and the circulator and is then received by the photodetector.

[0017] The signal processing module is connected to the photodetector to convert optical signals into electrical signals, analyze the electrical signals to monitor changes in reflected light at the soil-air interface, monitor changes in soil-air position, and thus monitor the real-time status of soil erosion.

[0018] Furthermore, the intelligent probe includes a housing;

[0019] The light source module, grating module, signal processing module, circulator, polarizer, and photodetector are all housed inside the housing;

[0020] When in use, part of the housing is buried in the soil underground, and the grating module is vertically installed in the housing.

[0021] Furthermore, a solar panel is also provided at one end of the casing, which provides power for the intelligent probe testing.

[0022] Furthermore, the front end of the shell is a pointed tip.

[0023] Furthermore, a wireless transmission module is also provided at one end of the housing, which is connected to the signal processing module.

[0024] Furthermore, the signal processing module is connected to a remote terminal via a wireless communication module, which is used to transmit the processing results of the signal processing module to the remote terminal in real time.

[0025] Furthermore, the light source module employs a swept-frequency laser.

[0026] Furthermore, when TE-polarized light is incident on the tilted grating, the light is reflected out of the optical fiber when the laser wavelength λ satisfies the condition shown in the following formula;

[0027]

[0028] Where Ʌ is the grating period and n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core.

[0029] Furthermore, the signal processing module includes a signal processing unit, a noise suppression unit, a soil erosion trend analysis unit, a data storage unit, and a communication unit connected in sequence;

[0030] The signal processing unit is used to analyze the electrical signals output by the photodetector in real time to determine the changes in the soil-air interface.

[0031] The noise suppression unit is used to filter the noise of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit.

[0032] The soil erosion trend analysis unit is used to analyze the soil erosion trend of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit.

[0033] Storage units are used for storing and backing up data;

[0034] The communication unit is used to transmit the processing results of the soil erosion trend analysis unit to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time, so as to realize remote monitoring.

[0035] This invention also discloses an intelligent probe measurement method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Intelligent probes are driven into the soil to ensure that the grating module is partially above ground and partially underground;

[0037] The light source module emits a laser beam of continuous wavelength. After passing through the circulator, the laser beam is filtered by the polarizer and converted into TE linearly polarized light before being incident on the grating module.

[0038] As the light source module sweeps the frequency, the wavelength of the incident light changes. The grating module uses the linear chirp characteristic to make lasers of different wavelengths reflected at different positions. When the laser wavelength matches the local period of the grating, the reflected beam enters the main optical path and is received by the photodetector and converted into an electrical signal.

[0039] When the reflected light beam reaches the soil / air interface, the intensity of the reflected light will change significantly: if the reflected light is in the soil area, the light signal intensity is stronger; when the beam enters the air area, the reflected signal is weaker.

[0040] The signal processing module analyzes the abrupt changes in reflected light intensity caused by the change at the soil-air interface, determines the positional changes at the soil / air interface, and thus obtains the real-time status of soil erosion.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0042] This invention discloses an intelligent measuring probe based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising a light source module, a grating module, a polarizer, a photodetector, and a signal processing module. The grating module employs a linearly chirped structure and is partially buried underground, thus avoiding interference from surface weeds and obstacles. The light source module generates continuous-wavelength laser light, which is then adjusted to TE polarized light by the polarizer and guided onto the grating. The grating utilizes its linear chirped characteristics to reflect laser light of different wavelengths at different locations. When the laser wavelength matches the local period of the grating, the reflected beam enters the main optical path and is received by the photodetector, converting it into an electrical signal. The signal processing module analyzes the abrupt changes in reflected light intensity caused by variations at the soil-air interface, accurately capturing minute positional changes at the soil-air interface and achieving high-precision monitoring of soil erosion. This intelligent measuring probe features a compact structure, avoiding interference from surface stones and weeds, thus improving monitoring accuracy. This innovative design not only improves measurement resolution and sensitivity but also reduces interference from surface objects, enabling the intelligent measuring probe to operate stably in complex environments. In summary, the intelligent measuring probe of this invention not only overcomes the shortcomings of traditional measurement techniques, but also provides a more reliable, stable and intelligent solution for soil erosion monitoring, and has broad application prospects.

[0043] Furthermore, this intelligent soil erosion measuring device supports wireless data transmission and remote monitoring, enabling dynamic monitoring and data recording of soil erosion over a wide area, providing strong technical support for soil and water conservation and disaster early warning. By accurately monitoring the soil erosion process, the system helps managers take timely and targeted measures to mitigate or avoid ecological and economic losses caused by erosion. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the chirped 45° tilted fiber optic grating for soil interface position monitoring according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a typical optical path architecture;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a typical intelligent probe testing structure;

[0047] The components include: 1. Housing; 2. Grating module; 3. Light source module; 4. Circulator; 5. Polarizer; 6. Photodetector; 7. Signal processing module; 8. Wireless transmission module; and 9. Solar panel.

[0048] Figure 4 The principle of determining soil position by reflecting light intensity is as follows: Figure a shows the change curve of reflected wavelength between the initial installation position and the measurement; Figure b shows the change of soil position between the initial installation position and the measurement. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them.

[0050] The components described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this invention can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the following drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate one selected embodiment of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0051] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, element, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to the process, element, method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, the term "vertical" is based on the orientation and positional relationship of the devices or components shown in the accompanying drawings and is used only for better description of the invention, not as a requirement that the shown devices, components, or apparatus must have that specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0052] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses an intelligent probe based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising a light source module 3, a grating module 2, a polarizer 5, a circulator 4, a photodetector 6, and a signal processing module 7. These components can be precisely arranged and connected to form a complete monitoring system. The probe's housing is made of corrosion-resistant material and has excellent waterproof properties to ensure its long-term stable operation in various harsh environments.

[0054] The light source module 3 uses a swept-frequency laser, which has the function of continuous scanning within a set wavelength range.

[0055] Circulator 4 and polarizer 5 are positioned between light source module 3 and grating module 2. Circulator 4 is mainly used to adapt the laser signal, ensuring that the beam enters the grating in the appropriate shape. Polarizer 5 adjusts the laser beam to TE polarized light to optimize the light reflection performance.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, grating module 2 employs a linear chirped grating structure, with the grating plane tilted at a 45° angle to the beam incident angle. It is embedded in the measuring structure and partially buried underground. This tilted structure breaks the circular symmetry of the optical fiber, altering the propagation characteristics of light within the fiber and resulting in unique optical effects. The grating period varies continuously along its length, enabling it to reflect light at different positions at different wavelengths.

[0057] The grating can be written using a chirped phase mask. The grating section is buried underground to ensure the desired optical properties are achieved while minimizing interference with surface obstacles.

[0058] This invention proposes an intelligent soil erosion measurement system based on a chirped 45° tilted grating. Its core principle is the combination of a linear chirped grating and a swept-frequency laser. Through photoelectric detection and signal processing, it achieves high-precision real-time monitoring of the soil erosion process. The system design avoids interference from surface debris (such as stones, weeds, and vegetation) by burying the grating underground. The chirped characteristics of the grating cause the laser to reflect at different positions at different wavelengths. By analyzing the changes in reflected light intensity, the dynamic changes at the soil-air interface can be accurately captured, allowing for the monitoring of the state and trend of soil erosion.

[0059] Grating module 2 is a chirped 45° tilted grating, such as... Figure 1 As shown, when TE polarized light is incident on the tilted grating, the light is reflected out of the optical fiber when the laser wavelength λ satisfies the condition shown in equation (1).

[0060] (1)

[0061] Where Ʌ is the grating period and n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core.

[0062] When the grating period varies along its length, light of different wavelengths can be reflected at different positions on the grating. By using a frequency-sweeping laser to controllably change the wavelength of the incident light, the position of the emitted light can be controlled. By continuously changing the wavelength of the incident light, some light will be reflected when the probe is buried in the soil, and when it reaches the air interface, the light will be directly transmitted. This allows monitoring of changes in the position of the soil / air interface, thereby obtaining information on soil erosion.

[0063] The basic principle of this invention is as follows: The emitted light from the light source module 3 passes through the circulator 4 and is filtered by the polarizer 5 into TE linearly polarized light that can be reflected by a 45° tilted fiber optic grating. The grating module 2 adopts a linearly chirped grating structure, and its grating period varies continuously along its length. As the laser wavelength changes continuously, light of different wavelengths is reflected at different positions in the grating. The reflected light returns to the original optical path and enters the detector through the circulator 4, controlling the scanning wavelength, thereby controlling the light emission position. When it reaches the air / soil interface, the reflection disappears. By continuously monitoring the light intensity of the detector, the change in soil position can be obtained.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the intelligent measuring probe includes a housing 1; a light source module 3, a grating module 2, a signal processing module 7, a circulator 4, a polarizer 5, and a photodetector 6 are all housed within the housing 1. The light source module 3, circulator 4, polarizer 5, and grating module 2 are connected. The circulator 4 is connected to the photodetector 6, and the photodetector 6 is connected to the signal processing module 7. In use, part of the housing 1 is buried in the soil, and the grating module 2 is vertically mounted within the housing 1.

[0065] More preferably, the signal processing module 7 includes a signal processing unit, a noise suppression unit, a soil erosion trend analysis unit, a data storage unit, and a communication unit connected in sequence.

[0066] The signal processing unit is used to analyze the electrical signal output by the photodetector 6 in real time to determine the changes in the soil-air interface.

[0067] The noise suppression unit is used to filter the noise of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit.

[0068] The soil erosion trend analysis unit is used to analyze the soil erosion trend of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit.

[0069] Storage units are used for storing and backing up data;

[0070] The communication unit is used to transmit the processing results of the soil erosion trend analysis unit to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time, so as to realize remote monitoring.

[0071] Even better, a solar panel 9 is provided at one end of the housing 1, which provides power for the intelligent probe.

[0072] Even better, the front end of the shell 1 is a pointed tip, which facilitates quick insertion into the soil.

[0073] More preferably, one end of the housing 1 is also equipped with a wireless transmission module 8, which is connected to the signal processing module 7. This module transmits the processing results of the signal processing module 7 to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time, enabling remote monitoring. This intelligent measuring probe supports wireless transmission of measurement data, enabling remote monitoring and data recording. This invention can be widely applied in fields such as soil and water conservation and geological disaster early warning, providing an effective solution for the precise monitoring of soil erosion processes.

[0074] A 45° tilted grating is embedded in the probe structure, partially buried underground. The optical path and circuit components are placed inside the probe, thereby constructing an intelligent probe system. Figure 3 As shown. Due to the partial embedding of the grating structure, the intensity of the light reflected back to the main optical path changes abruptly when the reflection point is located at the interface between the soil and air. Specifically, if the beam is reflected in the soil region, a stronger reflection signal is generated; while in the air region, the transmissibility of the beam increases, and the reflection signal weakens. This drastic change in reflected light intensity marks the location of the soil / air interface and is captured by photodetector 6.

[0075] Photodetector 6 is responsible for receiving the light signal reflected by the grating and converting it into an electrical signal. As soil erosion occurs, the interface between the buried grating and the air continuously moves, causing changes in the reflection positions of lasers of different wavelengths. These changes directly affect the intensity of the light signal detected by photodetector 6. The system's signal processing module 7 analyzes the electrical signal output by photodetector 6 in real time. By comparing the intensity differences of the reflected signals at different times (corresponding to different wavelengths), it identifies the positional changes at the soil / air interface, thereby monitoring the state and trend of soil erosion. Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 As shown in Figure a, at the initial installation stage, the wavelength of the reflectivity change is λ1, corresponding to the grating exit position d1. Figure 4 As shown in Figure b, after a period of measurement, the wavelength change when the reflectivity changes due to soil erosion is λ2, corresponding to the grating exit position d2. Δd = d1 - d2, and Δd is the amount of soil erosion at that measurement point.

[0076] A significant feature of this measurement system is its high precision and high resolution. Thanks to the use of a linear chirped grating, the system can accurately detect minute changes in the interface position during soil erosion. Simultaneously, the partial embedding design of the grating module 2 effectively avoids interference from surface rocks, weeds, and other factors, making the measurement results more reliable. The system supports remote data transmission. After the photodetector 6 is connected to the signal processing module 7, the analysis results can be transmitted to a remote monitoring terminal via a wireless network, enabling real-time monitoring and data recording. Managers can make scientific decisions based on real-time data and take timely soil and water conservation measures to prevent further soil erosion or geological disasters.

[0077] During operation, the laser first emits a continuous wavelength laser beam. After passing through circulator 4, the beam is filtered by polarizer 5 and converted into TE linearly polarized light before being incident on the tilted grating module 2. When the laser wavelength and the local period of the grating satisfy a specific relationship (as shown in Equation 1), the laser beam is effectively reflected out of the grating.

[0078] As the laser sweeps its frequency, the wavelength of the incident light changes, causing light of different wavelengths to be reflected at different positions on the grating. When the beam reaches the soil / air interface, the intensity of the reflected light changes significantly: if the reflected light is in the soil region, the light signal intensity is strong; while when the beam enters the air region, the reflected signal is significantly weakened. This change provides information about the positional variation of the soil / air interface.

[0079] After the reflected light returns to the original optical path through the circulator 4, it is received by the photodetector 6, which converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. The sensitivity of the photodetector 6 enables it to detect minute changes in light intensity, which are directly related to changes in frequency and interface position.

[0080] The electrical signal converted by photodetector 6 is transmitted to signal processing module 7. Signal processing module 7 analyzes the intensity of reflected light in real time and compares the signal intensity differences at different times to determine changes in the soil-air interface. By setting predefined thresholds, the system can automatically detect soil erosion and issue timely alarms. Signal processing module 7 also has the ability to connect to external communication networks, allowing monitoring data to be uploaded to a remote monitoring terminal via wireless network, thereby achieving real-time data recording and monitoring.

[0081] The monitoring terminal provides operators with an intuitive user interface, displaying real-time curves of soil-air interface changes, erosion levels, and related data analysis results. Managers can make informed decisions based on this real-time data, enabling timely implementation of soil and water conservation measures to prevent soil erosion or related geological disasters.

[0082] Application Examples

[0083] In practical applications, soil erosion probes can be installed around reservoirs, on agricultural slopes, and other erosion-prone areas. For example, in a real-world application, a probe was deployed in the reservoir area of ​​a hydropower station. At the time of deployment, the reflected wavelength was 1531.8 nm, corresponding to a location of 502.2 mm. After six months of monitoring, the reflected wavelength changed to 1531.6 nm, corresponding to a location of 501.8 mm, meaning that 0.4 mm of soil loss occurred in that area over six months. Therefore, by regularly monitoring the data, potential soil erosion risks can be identified. After a heavy rain event, the probe detected a sudden change in the data in real time, alerting managers to take measures, such as implementing vegetation restoration or soil and water conservation projects in key areas, thereby effectively reducing losses caused by soil erosion.

[0084] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a highly efficient, stable, and intelligent soil erosion monitoring technology, applicable to various geological conditions and environments, and capable of providing effective technical support for soil and water conservation, soil restoration, and other fields. The design and configuration of this measuring system ensure its high reliability and practicality in real-world applications.

[0085] In summary, this invention provides a stable, reliable, and intelligent soil erosion monitoring system by combining the principles of optical reflection with high-precision signal processing. This system is suitable for various geological conditions and soil types, and can be widely applied to erosion-prone areas such as reservoirs, riverbanks, and slopes, providing effective technical support for soil and water conservation and ecological environment monitoring.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, characterized in that, It includes a light source module (3), a grating module (2), and a signal processing module (7); The grating module (2) adopts a chirped 45° tilted grating. When in use, part of the grating module (2) is buried underground. The light source module (3) is used to generate laser beams of continuous wavelength; A circulator (4) and a polarizer (5) are provided between the light source module (3) and the grating module (2); The polarizer (5) is used to adjust the polarization direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam is incident on the grating module (2) in the form of TE polarized light; when the incident laser wavelength of the grating module (2) matches the local period of the grating, the laser beam is reflected to the main optical path; The circulator (4) is connected to a photodetector (6). The light reflected by the grating module (2) passes through the polarizer (5) and the circulator (4) and is then received by the photodetector (6). The signal processing module (7) is connected to the photodetector (6) to convert the light signal into an electrical signal and analyze the electrical signal in order to monitor the change of reflected light at the soil-air interface, monitor the change of soil-air position, and thus monitor the real-time status of soil erosion.

2. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent probe includes a housing (1); The light source module (3), grating module (2), signal processing module (7), circulator (4), polarizer (5) and photodetector (6) are all housed inside the housing (1); When in use, part of the housing (1) is buried in the soil underground, and the grating module (2) is vertically installed in the housing (1).

3. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 2, characterized in that, A solar panel (9) is also provided at one end of the housing (1), which provides power for the intelligent probe.

4. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the shell (1) is a pointed tip.

5. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing (1) is also provided with a wireless transmission module (8) at one end, which is connected to the signal processing module (7).

6. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 5, characterized in that, The signal processing module (7) is connected to a remote terminal via a wireless communication module, which is used to transmit the processing results of the signal processing module (7) to the remote terminal in real time.

7. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source module (3) uses a swept-frequency laser.

8. The intelligent probe measuring method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 1, characterized in that, When TE-polarized light is incident on a tilted grating, the light is reflected out of the optical fiber when the laser wavelength λ satisfies the condition shown in the following formula. Where Ʌ is the grating period and n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core.

9. An intelligent probe measuring system based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The signal processing module (7) includes a signal processing unit, a noise suppression unit, a soil erosion trend analysis unit, a data storage unit, and a communication unit connected in sequence. The signal processing unit is used to analyze the electrical signal output by the photodetector (6) in real time and determine the changes in the soil-air interface. The noise suppression unit is used to filter the noise of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit. The soil erosion trend analysis unit is used to analyze the soil erosion trend of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit. Storage units are used for storing and backing up data; The communication unit is used to transmit the processing results of the soil erosion trend analysis unit to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time, so as to realize remote monitoring.

10. The intelligent probe measurement method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following processes: The intelligent measuring probe is driven into the soil to ensure that the grating module (2) is partly above ground and partly underground; The light source module (3) emits a laser beam of continuous wavelength. After passing through the circulator (4), the laser beam is filtered by the polarizer (5) and converted into TE linearly polarized light before being incident on the grating module (2). As the light source module (3) sweeps the frequency, the wavelength of the incident light changes. The grating module (2) uses the linear chirp characteristic to make lasers of different wavelengths reflected at different positions. When the laser wavelength matches the local period of the grating, the reflected beam enters the main optical path and is received by the photodetector (6) and converted into an electrical signal. When the reflected light beam reaches the soil / air interface, the intensity of the reflected light will change significantly: if the reflected light is in the soil area, the light signal intensity is stronger; when the beam enters the air area, the reflected signal is weaker. The signal processing module (7) analyzes the abrupt change signal generated by the change of reflected light intensity with the change of soil-air interface, determines the position change of soil / air interface, and then obtains the real-time status of soil erosion.

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