Ionized layer scintillation phenomenon monitoring method and system, terminal equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method and system, terminal equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: controlling a receiver end to carry out the data processing of a received satellite signal, and generating a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal; calculating the total electron content of an ionized layer on an inclined path in each observation epoch based on the double-frequency carrier phase observation value; acquiring the total electron content of the ionized layer on an inclined path in each observation epoch in the current detection period, generating a change rate index of the total electron content of the ionized layer in the current detection period based on the total electron content of the ionized layer, and when the change rate index of the total electron content of the ionized layer is greater than a preset change rate index, detecting the total electron content of the ionized layer in the current detection period. And judging that the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon occurs in the current detection period. The reliability and economical efficiency of ionospheric scintillation monitoring can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of earth space environment monitoring technology, and in particular to an ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method, system, terminal equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The ionosphere is part of the Earth's atmosphere, mainly composed of gases ionized by ultraviolet rays and X-rays from the sun. The gas molecules in this area are ionized into free electrons and ions, forming a plasma state. The ionosphere can reflect or refract radio waves of different frequencies, and plays a vital role in the propagation of radio waves. However, when the electron density in the ionosphere is uneven, it is easy to cause ionospheric scintillation, especially at night and in areas near the equator. Since the ionosphere in the equatorial region is greatly affected by solar activity and geomagnetic activity is also relatively active, it is more likely to produce irregular electron density distribution. In addition, the periodic changes in solar activity will also affect the structure of the ionosphere, thereby affecting the frequency and intensity of ionospheric scintillation. Ionospheric scintillation poses a huge threat to the operation of systems that rely on radio wave communications, such as satellite navigation, communication and radar systems. For satellite navigation systems, ionospheric scintillation can cause signal delays, fading, or even interruption, thereby reducing the accuracy and reliability of positioning and navigation; for communication systems, scintillation may cause signal quality degradation, increase bit error rate, and even interrupt communication links. Monitoring and predicting ionospheric scintillation is of vital importance.

[0003] Existing ionospheric scintillation monitoring mainly relies on ground-based monitoring stations, which receive satellite signals to measure the electron content in the ionosphere and the amplitude and phase changes of the signal. However, the acquisition of amplitude scintillation index and phase scintillation index requires the use of improved GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers or specialized ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitors, and the equipment costs are high. In addition, the data from a single monitoring station is easily affected by the local environment and has weak anti-interference capabilities. In addition, the deployment of monitoring stations over a large area requires a lot of resources and funds, and the technical implementation also faces certain challenges. The high cost of equipment and maintenance costs make it difficult to carry out extensive monitoring of ionospheric scintillation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an ionospheric scintillation monitoring method, system, terminal equipment and storage medium to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and improve the reliability and economy of ionospheric scintillation monitoring.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method, comprising:

[0006] Controlling the receiver to perform data processing on the received satellite signal to generate a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal;

[0007] Calculating the total electron content of the ionosphere on the slant path in each observation epoch based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value;

[0008] The total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch in the current detection period is obtained, and the total electron content of the ionosphere change rate index of the current detection period is generated based on the total electron content of the ionosphere. When the total electron content of the ionosphere change rate index is greater than the preset change rate index, it is determined that the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon has occurred in the current detection period.

[0009] In the above scheme, ordinary receivers are used to generate dual-frequency carrier phase observations, and the total electron content of the ionosphere and its rate of change index are calculated based on these observations. No additional high-cost equipment is required, which can significantly reduce equipment investment and maintenance costs. Real-time calculation of the rate of change index of the total electron content of the ionosphere can quickly determine the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation and realize real-time monitoring and early warning. By using the existing receiver network, large-scale ionospheric scintillation monitoring can be achieved without the need to deploy a large number of additional monitoring stations. The technical implementation is simpler and easier to promote and apply.

[0010] In one implementation, the controlling the receiver end to perform data processing on the received satellite signal to generate a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal specifically includes:

[0011] A satellite signal transmitted by a geostationary orbit satellite is received, and a carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal is generated; wherein the satellite signal includes two carrier signals of different frequencies, and the expression of the carrier phase observation value is:

[0012]

[0014] In the formula, is the carrier phase observation value from satellite s to receiver r at frequency i; is the geometric distance from satellite s to receiver r; c is the speed of light; δt r is the deviation between the clock of receiver r and GPS standard time; b r,Li is the hardware delay of receiver r at frequency i; δt s is the deviation between the satellite s clock and the GPS standard time; is the hardware delay of satellite s on frequency i; is the delay caused by the relativistic effect; λ i is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency i; is the integer ambiguity of the carrier phase; is the tropospheric delay; is the ionospheric delay on the path from receiver r to satellite s; is the observation noise of the carrier phase;

[0015] Respectively obtain a first carrier phase observation value and a second carrier phase value corresponding to the two carrier signals of different frequencies, and use the first carrier phase observation value and the second carrier phase observation value as the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value.

[0016] In the above scheme, the satellite signal containing two carrier signals of different frequencies sent by the geostationary orbit satellite is received, and the corresponding carrier phase observation value is calculated using the carrier phase observation equation. Then, the carrier phase observation values ​​of these two frequencies are used as dual-frequency carrier phase observation values ​​for further ionospheric parameter calculation.

[0017] In one implementation, the calculating the total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value specifically includes:

[0018] Obtain an observation difference between the first carrier phase observation value and the second carrier phase observation value; wherein the calculation formula expression of the observation difference is:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, and are the carrier phase observation values ​​from satellite s to receiver r on frequencies 1 and 2 respectively; and are the ionospheric delays of frequency 1 and frequency 2 on the path from receiver r to satellite s, respectively; λ1 is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency 1; λ2 is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency 2; is the integer ambiguity of frequency 1; is the integer ambiguity of frequency 2; and are the carrier phase observation noise of frequency 1 and frequency 2 respectively;

[0021] Based on the observation difference, the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch is generated; wherein the expression of the calculation formula of the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path is:

[0022]

[0023] Where STEC is the relative total electron content of the ionosphere; α is the ionosphere delay coefficient; is the observed difference.

[0024] In the above scheme, the dual-frequency carrier phase observations are used to calculate the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the slant path within a single observation epoch. By obtaining the difference between the carrier phase observations of two different frequencies and combining them with the ionospheric delay model, the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the slant path is calculated, thereby quantifying the impact of the ionosphere on signal propagation.

[0025] In one implementation, the acquiring the total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch in the current detection period, and generating the total electron content change rate index of the ionosphere in the current detection period based on the total electron content of the ionosphere, specifically includes:

[0026] Generating the number of observation epochs included in the current detection period according to the time length of the current detection period and the sampling interval of the satellite signal;

[0027] The relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch is obtained, and the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere in the current observation epoch compared with the previous observation epoch is generated according to the difference in the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in two adjacent observation epochs; wherein the expression formula of the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere is:

[0028]

[0029] Where ROT(i) is the rate of change of the total electron content in the ionosphere at the i-th observation epoch, t i and t i-1 represents two consecutive observation epochs; STEC(i) and STEC(i-1) are the relative total electron content of the ionosphere corresponding to the two observation epochs;

[0030] The ionospheric total electron content change rate index within the current detection period is generated based on the standard deviation of the ionospheric total electron content change rate; wherein the expression formula of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index is:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] Where ROTI(i) is the rate of change index of the total electron content of the ionosphere at the i-th observation epoch; N is the number of observation epochs included in the current detection cycle; ROT(j) is the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere at the j-th observation epoch; It is the average value of the change rate of the total electron content in the ionosphere at each observation epoch in the current detection period.

[0034] In the above scheme, based on the relative total electron content of the slant path ionosphere at each observation epoch in the current detection period, the change rate of the total electron content of the ionosphere and its standard deviation are calculated to generate the ionosphere total electron content change rate index. By analyzing the change rate of the total electron content of the ionosphere and its fluctuation, the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation can be quickly detected, providing support for real-time monitoring and early warning.

[0035] In one implementation, after generating the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period, the method further includes:

[0036] Acquire the location information of the receiver; wherein the location information includes the longitude, latitude and altitude of the receiver;

[0037] The puncture point latitude information is generated based on the single-layer ionosphere model and the position information; wherein the expression of the puncture point latitude information is:

[0038] φ IPP =arcsin(cos(α)sin(φ r )+sin(α)cos(φ r )cos(e));

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, φ IPP is the latitude of the puncture point; φ r is the latitude of the receiver; α is the polar angle, that is, the complementary angle of the vertical angle between the receiver and the puncture point; e is the satellite altitude angle; R E is the radius of the earth; h is the height of the receiver above the ground; H is the height of the single ionosphere;

[0041] The latitude of the receiver is obtained. When the latitude of the receiver meets the preset angle condition, the longitude information of the puncture point is generated according to the latitude of the receiver. The expression of the longitude information of the puncture point is:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, λ IPP is the longitude of the puncture point; r is the longitude of the receiver;

[0044] The longitude and latitude information of each puncture point and its corresponding ionospheric total electron content change rate index are associated and projected onto a two-dimensional map to generate a real-time distribution map of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period.

[0045] In the above scheme, the longitude and latitude information of the ionospheric puncture point is calculated by analyzing the receiver position information and the satellite signal path, and this information is associated with the ionospheric total electron content change rate index to generate a real-time distribution map of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index. This distribution map can intuitively display the spatial distribution of ionospheric scintillation phenomena, help researchers or operators quickly identify and locate the ionospheric scintillation area, and improve monitoring efficiency and pertinence.

[0046] In one implementation, the generating the puncture point longitude information according to the latitude of the receiver further includes:

[0047] When the latitude of the receiver does not meet the preset angle condition, the longitude information expression of the puncture point is:

[0048]

[0049] The preset angle conditions include: r >70° and or φ r <-70° and

[0050] In the above scheme, the calculation formula of the longitude of the puncture point is adjusted according to the latitude of the receiver and the preset angle conditions to cover all possible receiver positions (including high latitudes), so as to accurately generate the longitude and latitude information of the puncture point. This ensures that the longitude and latitude information of the ionospheric puncture point can be correctly calculated globally (including extreme latitudes) and associated with the ionospheric total electron content change rate index to generate a real-time distribution map of ionospheric scintillation phenomena.

[0051] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring system for executing the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method as described above, comprising: a data processing center and a station network consisting of a plurality of receiver terminals;

[0052] The receiver is used to receive satellite signals and send dual-frequency carrier phase observation values ​​generated based on the satellite signals to the data processing center;

[0053] The data processing center is used to receive the dual-frequency carrier signal sent by each of the receiver ends, and generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram of the current detection period based on the dual-frequency carrier signal.

[0054] In the above scheme, the existing ground receiving stations are used as the receiver end, and the monitoring network can be quickly constructed without the need to redeploy a large number of monitoring stations, reducing the complexity of technical implementation and resource investment. Monitoring through a station network composed of multiple receiver ends can effectively reduce the impact of the local environment on the data. The data from multiple receiver ends can complement and verify each other, improving the robustness and anti-interference ability of the overall monitoring data. The data processing center can receive dual-frequency carrier phase observations from multiple receiver ends in real time, and quickly generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and its distribution map, providing high-time resolution monitoring results. Through distributed observation and centralized processing, more accurate and comprehensive ionospheric scintillation phenomenon data can be obtained, providing strong support for early warning and decision-making. Distributed receiver ends can cover a larger area, avoid the limitations of single-point monitoring, and make the monitoring results more comprehensive and reliable.

[0055] In one implementation, each of the receiver ends includes a receiving antenna and a receiving host, and the data processing center includes a host and a display screen. Specifically:

[0056] The receiving antenna is used to receive signals from satellites;

[0057] The receiving host is used to perform data processing on the received satellite signal, generate the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value and send it to the host;

[0058] The host is used to receive the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value sent by each receiving host, and generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram of the current detection period based on the dual-frequency carrier signal;

[0059] The display screen is used to display the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram generated by the host.

[0060] In the above scheme, satellite signals are captured and processed by the receiving antenna and the receiving host to generate dual-frequency carrier phase observations, and these data are transmitted to the host in the data processing center. The host calculates the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period based on the received data, generates its distribution map, and finally displays the monitoring results intuitively on the display screen. This process realizes the complete monitoring process from signal reception, data processing to result visualization, and provides technical support for the real-time monitoring and analysis of ionospheric scintillation phenomena.

[0061] In a third aspect, the present application also provides a terminal device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method as described above is implemented.

[0062] In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method as described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring ionospheric scintillation provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 A module schematic diagram of an ionospheric scintillation monitoring system provided in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0066] The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the specification, claims and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0067] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The flowchart of a method for monitoring ionospheric scintillation phenomenon provided in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows. The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring ionospheric scintillation phenomenon, including steps 101 to 103, each of which is as follows:

[0070] Step 101: Control the receiver to perform data processing on the received satellite signal to generate a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal.

[0071] In one embodiment, the control receiver performs data processing on the received satellite signal to generate a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal, specifically including: receiving a satellite signal sent by a geostationary orbit satellite, and generating a carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal; wherein the satellite signal includes two carrier signals of different frequencies, and the expression of the carrier phase observation value is:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, is the carrier phase observation value from satellite s to receiver r at frequency i; is the geometric distance from satellite s to receiver r; c is the speed of light; δt r is the deviation between the clock of receiver r and GPS standard time; b r,Li is the hardware delay of receiver r at frequency i; δt s is the deviation between the satellite s clock and the GPS standard time; is the hardware delay of satellite s on frequency i; is the delay caused by the relativistic effect; λ i is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency i; is the integer ambiguity of the carrier phase; is the tropospheric delay; is the ionospheric delay on the path from receiver r to satellite s; is the observation noise of the carrier phase;

[0074] Respectively obtain a first carrier phase observation value and a second carrier phase value corresponding to the two carrier signals of different frequencies, and use the first carrier phase observation value and the second carrier phase observation value as the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention, a satellite signal sent by a geostationary orbit satellite, hereinafter referred to as a GEO satellite, is received by a receiver. This satellite is located at an altitude of about 35,786 kilometers above the equator and remains stationary relative to the surface of the earth. These satellites are widely used in communications, meteorological monitoring, television broadcasting and navigation systems. For example, some satellites of the Beidou system are located in geostationary orbit. The receiver is a navigation receiver that can receive and process signals from satellites and calculate information such as position, speed and time. These receivers can be handheld devices, vehicle-mounted devices or fixed ground stations. The received satellite signal usually includes a carrier and a navigation message modulated thereon. The carrier is used to transmit the signal, while the navigation message contains time, satellite position, orbital parameters and possible other information. In dual-frequency carrier phase measurement, the receiver simultaneously receives two carrier signals of different frequencies to better estimate and eliminate errors such as ionospheric delay. The observation value of the carrier phase is generated by the carrier phase observation equation, where the speed of light c is a constant, approximately 299792458 meters per second; λ i The hardware delay is usually provided by the manufacturer or determined through calibration; the delay caused by relativistic effects is calculated based on the frequency. Calculated based on the speed and gravitational field of the satellite and receiver. For example, if the GPS L1 frequency is 1575.42MHz, the wavelength is about 19.03cm, and the GPS L2 frequency is 1227.60MHz, the wavelength is about 24.42cm. By measuring the carrier phases of two different frequencies, a combined observation value can be formed to eliminate or estimate certain error terms, such as integer ambiguity, tropospheric delay, and hardware delay. Furthermore, dual-frequency measurement can more accurately estimate and correct ionospheric delay, thereby obtaining higher measurement accuracy and reliability.

[0076] Step 102: Calculate the total electron content of the ionosphere on the slant path in each observation epoch based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value.

[0077] In one embodiment, the calculating the total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value specifically includes:

[0078] Obtain an observation difference between the first carrier phase observation value and the second carrier phase observation value; wherein the calculation formula expression of the observation difference is:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, and are the carrier phase observation values ​​from satellite s to receiver r on frequencies 1 and 2 respectively; and are the ionospheric delays of frequency 1 and frequency 2 on the path from receiver r to satellite s, respectively; λ1 is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency 1; λ2 is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency 2; is the integer ambiguity of frequency 1; is the integer ambiguity of frequency 2; and are the carrier phase observation noise of frequency 1 and frequency 2 respectively;

[0081] Based on the observation difference, the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch is generated; wherein the expression of the calculation formula of the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path is:

[0082]

[0083] Where STEC is the relative total electron content of the ionosphere; α is the ionosphere delay coefficient; is the observed difference.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present invention, the receiver records the time of arrival of each satellite signal. Each recorded time point is called an observation epoch. If data is recorded every 30 seconds, a new observation epoch is generated every 30 seconds. The time interval between observation epochs is called a sampling interval, such as 30 seconds, 1 second, etc. The receiver simultaneously receives satellite signals of two different frequencies. For example, the B1I (1561.098 MHz) and B3I (1268.52 MHz) signals in the Beidou system are received as satellite signals of frequency 1 and frequency 2. That is, the value of frequency 1 is 1561.098 MHz, and the value of frequency 2 is 1268.52 MHz. Ionospheric delay coefficient α = 40.28 Hz 2 m 3 Ne -1 . When calculating the observation difference, the observation noise is small and can generally be ignored. The integer ambiguity is a constant, which refers to the number of integer wavelengths in the signal propagation path in the carrier phase measurement. The hardware delay changes little in a short time and can also be treated as a constant. When calculating the rate of change index of the ionospheric total electron content in different observation epochs, the ionospheric total electron content of the current observation epoch is subtracted from the ionospheric total electron content of the previous observation epoch. Since the integer ambiguity and hardware delay are constants in a short time, the difference after subtraction is 0, which can eliminate the influence of the integer ambiguity and hardware delay, which is the same as the effect of using the absolute total electron content calculation method of the ionosphere. The relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path within a single observation epoch is calculated based on the obtained observation difference. Exemplarily, Based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observations, the total electron content of the ionosphere on the slant path is calculated, and then the influence of the integer ambiguity and hardware delay is eliminated by the difference method, avoiding the interference of these unknown parameters on the calculation results. This makes the calculation process simpler and can achieve the same effect as using the absolute value method.

[0086] Step 103: Obtain the total ionospheric electron content on the oblique path in each observation epoch in the current detection period, generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period based on the ionospheric total electron content, and when the ionospheric total electron content change rate index is greater than a preset change rate index, determine that ionospheric scintillation has occurred in the current detection period.

[0087] In one embodiment, the obtaining of the total ionospheric electron content on the oblique path in each observation epoch in the current detection period, and generating the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period based on the total ionospheric electron content, specifically includes:

[0088] Generating the number of observation epochs included in the current detection period according to the time length of the current detection period and the sampling interval of the satellite signal;

[0089] The relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch is obtained, and the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere in the current observation epoch compared with the previous observation epoch is generated according to the difference in the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in two adjacent observation epochs; wherein the expression formula of the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere is:

[0090]

[0091] Where ROT(i) is the rate of change of the total electron content in the ionosphere at the i-th observation epoch, t i and t i-1 represents two consecutive observation epochs; STEC(i) and STEC(i-1) are the relative total electron content of the ionosphere corresponding to the two observation epochs;

[0092] The ionospheric total electron content change rate index within the current detection period is generated based on the standard deviation of the ionospheric total electron content change rate; wherein the expression formula of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index is:

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Where ROTI(i) is the rate of change index of the total electron content of the ionosphere at the i-th observation epoch; N is the number of observation epochs included in the current detection cycle; ROT(j) is the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere at the j-th observation epoch; It is the average value of the change rate of the total electron content in the ionosphere at each observation epoch in the current detection period.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of observation epochs = the time length of the current detection period / sampling interval. For example, if the current detection period is 5 minutes and the sampling interval is 30 seconds, the number of observation epochs is 10. After obtaining the ionospheric relative total electron content of each observation epoch, that is, the STEC value, by the calculation formula of the ionospheric relative total electron content on the oblique path, the STEC value of the two adjacent observation epochs is divided by the sampling interval to obtain the ionospheric total electron content change rate of each observation epoch, which is used to describe the rate of change of the ionospheric total electron content and reflect the change of the ionospheric state, and the unit is TECU / min. Then, according to the ionospheric total electron content change rate in the current detection period, that is, the standard deviation of the ROT value, the ionospheric total electron content change rate index ROTI in the current detection period is generated. ROTI is used to reflect the irregularity or volatility of the change in the total electron content of the ionosphere. When ROTI is large, it means that the ionospheric state changes dramatically and ionospheric scintillation may occur. If the ionospheric total electron content change rate index ROTI value in the current detection cycle exceeds a preset threshold (for example, 0.5 TECU / min), it is determined that ionospheric scintillation has occurred in the current detection cycle.

[0097] In one embodiment, after generating the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period, the method further includes:

[0098] Acquire the location information of the receiver; wherein the location information includes the longitude, latitude and altitude of the receiver;

[0099] The puncture point latitude information is generated based on the single-layer ionosphere model and the position information; wherein the expression of the puncture point latitude information is:

[0100] φ IPP =arcsin(cos(α)sin(φ r )+sin(α)cos(φ r )cos(e));

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, φ IPP is the latitude of the puncture point; φ r is the latitude of the receiver; α is the polar angle, that is, the complementary angle of the vertical angle between the receiver and the puncture point; e is the satellite altitude angle; R Eis the radius of the earth; h is the height of the receiver above the ground; H is the height of the single ionosphere;

[0103] The latitude of the receiver is obtained. When the latitude of the receiver meets the preset angle condition, the longitude information of the puncture point is generated according to the latitude of the receiver. The expression of the longitude information of the puncture point is:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, λ IPP is the longitude of the puncture point; r is the longitude of the receiver;

[0106] The longitude and latitude information of each puncture point and its corresponding ionospheric total electron content change rate index are associated and projected onto a two-dimensional map to generate a real-time distribution map of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period.

[0107] In one embodiment, the generating of the puncture point longitude information according to the latitude of the receiver further includes:

[0108] When the latitude of the receiver does not meet the preset angle condition, the longitude information expression of the puncture point is:

[0109]

[0110] The preset angle conditions include: r >70° and or φ r <-70° and

[0111] In an embodiment of the present invention, when calculating and displaying ionospheric parameters, it is first necessary to obtain the location information of the receiver, including longitude, latitude and altitude. This information is the basis for determining the location of the ionospheric puncture point. The single-layer ionosphere model assumes that the electron density in the ionosphere is concentrated at a specific altitude, usually set to 350 kilometers. Through this model, the location where the signal passes through the ionosphere, i.e., the puncture point, can be calculated. The longitude and latitude information of the puncture point is generated in combination with the single-layer ionosphere model and the location information of the receiver. When generating the longitude information of the puncture point, it is also necessary to determine whether the latitude of the receiver meets a specific angle condition, mainly to handle special situations near the polar regions and ensure the accuracy of the longitude calculation. Then the longitude and latitude information of each puncture point and its corresponding ROTI value are associated and projected onto a two-dimensional map. By using different colors to represent the numerical value of ROTI, a real-time ROTI distribution map can be generated. Through such a visualization method, the changes in the ionosphere in different regions can be intuitively displayed.

[0112] In an embodiment of the present invention, an ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring device is also provided, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method is implemented.

[0113] In an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, and the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the above-mentioned ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method.

[0114] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules, one or more modules are stored in a memory and executed by a processor to implement the present invention. One or more modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of implementing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the ionospheric scintillation monitoring device.

[0115] The ionospheric scintillation monitoring device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, and a cloud server. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring device may include, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory, and a display. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above components are merely examples of ionospheric scintillation monitoring devices and do not constitute a limitation on ionospheric scintillation monitoring processing equipment. It may include more or fewer components than the components, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the ionospheric scintillation monitoring device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, and the like.

[0116] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the ionospheric scintillation monitoring device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire ionospheric scintillation monitoring and processing device.

[0117] The memory can be used to store computer programs and / or modules. The processor realizes various functions of the ionospheric scintillation monitoring device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, a text conversion function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, text message data, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (FlashCard), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0118] Among them, if the module based on the monitoring of ionospheric scintillation is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executed by the processor. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form. Computer-readable media may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0119] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring ionospheric scintillation phenomena, which uses an ordinary receiver to generate dual-frequency carrier phase observations, and calculates the total electron content of the ionosphere and its rate of change index based on these observations. No additional high-cost equipment is required, which can significantly reduce equipment investment and maintenance costs. Real-time calculation of the rate of change index of the total electron content of the ionosphere can quickly determine the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation phenomena and realize real-time monitoring and early warning. By utilizing the existing receiver network, large-scale ionospheric scintillation monitoring can be achieved without the need to deploy a large number of additional monitoring stations. The technical implementation is simpler and easier to promote and apply.

[0120] Example 2

[0121] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 The module diagram of an ionospheric scintillation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used to perform the ionospheric scintillation monitoring method described in the above embodiment, including: a data processing center 201 and a station network 202 composed of a plurality of receiver terminals;

[0122] The receiver is used to receive satellite signals and send dual-frequency carrier phase observation values ​​generated based on the satellite signals to the data processing center;

[0123] The data processing center 201 is used to receive the dual-frequency carrier signal sent by each of the receiver ends, and generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram of the current detection period based on the dual-frequency carrier signal.

[0124] In one embodiment, each of the receiver ends includes a receiving antenna and a receiving host, and the data processing center includes a host and a display screen. Specifically: the receiving antenna is used to receive signals from a satellite; the receiving host is used to perform data processing on the received satellite signal, generate the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value and send it to the host; the host is used to receive the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value sent by each of the receiving hosts, and generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram of the current detection period based on the dual-frequency carrier signal; the display screen is used to display the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram generated by the host.

[0125] In an embodiment of the present invention, each receiver end is a dual-frequency GNSS receiver, including a receiving antenna and a receiving host. The receiving antenna is used to receive signals from satellites, especially signals from Beidou's GEO (geostationary orbit) satellites, to ensure the stability and quality of the signals, and to provide high-precision raw data. The receiving host demodulates the received satellite signals, extracts carrier phase information, generates carrier phase observations, and transmits the generated carrier phase observations to the data processing center through the network. The host of the data processing center receives the dual-frequency carrier phase observations sent by each receiver end, and generates the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and its distribution map of the current detection period based on these data. Preferably, after receiving the dual-frequency carrier phase observations, the host will also perform pre-processing operations such as time verification, cycle slip detection, and cycle slip repair to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the data. Then the relative oblique path ionospheric total electron content of each GEO satellite is calculated, and the TEC change data of all GEO satellites are merged to generate the overall ionospheric TEC change rate index. The combined TEC change rate index and its corresponding puncture point longitude and latitude information are projected onto a two-dimensional map to generate a distribution map of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index. The display screen is used to display the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and its distribution map generated by the host. It provides intuitive visualization results to help researchers and operators quickly identify and analyze the spatial distribution and change trend of ionospheric scintillation phenomena.

[0126] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the device described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0127] The embodiment of the present invention provides an ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring system, which uses existing ground receiving stations as receiver terminals, can quickly build a monitoring network without the need to redeploy a large number of monitoring stations, reducing the complexity of technical implementation and resource investment. Monitoring through a station network composed of multiple receiver terminals can effectively reduce the impact of the local environment on the data. The data of multiple receiver terminals can complement and verify each other, improving the robustness and anti-interference ability of the overall monitoring data. The data processing center can receive dual-frequency carrier phase observations from multiple receiver terminals in real time, and quickly generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and its distribution map, providing monitoring results with high time resolution. Through distributed observation and centralized processing, more accurate and comprehensive ionospheric scintillation phenomenon data can be obtained, providing strong support for early warning and decision-making. Distributed receiver terminals can cover a larger area, avoid the limitations of single-point monitoring, and make the monitoring results more comprehensive and reliable.

[0128] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring ionospheric scintillation phenomena, characterized in that: include: Controlling the receiver to perform data processing on the received satellite signal to generate a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal; Calculating the total electron content of the ionosphere on the slant path in each observation epoch based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value; The total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch in the current detection period is obtained, and the total electron content of the ionosphere change rate index of the current detection period is generated based on the total electron content of the ionosphere. When the total electron content of the ionosphere change rate index is greater than the preset change rate index, it is determined that the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon has occurred in the current detection period.

2. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controlling receiver end performs data processing on the received satellite signal to generate a dual-frequency carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal, specifically including: A satellite signal transmitted by a geostationary orbit satellite is received, and a carrier phase observation value of the satellite signal is generated; wherein the satellite signal includes two carrier signals of different frequencies, and the expression of the carrier phase observation value is: In the formula, is the carrier phase observation value from satellite s to receiver r at frequency i; is the geometric distance from satellite s to receiver r; c is the speed of light; δt r is the deviation between the clock of receiver r and GPS standard time; b r,Li is the hardware delay of receiver r at frequency i; δt s is the deviation between the satellite s clock and the GPS standard time; is the hardware delay of satellite s on frequency i; is the delay caused by the relativistic effect; λ i is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency i; is the integer ambiguity of the carrier phase; is the tropospheric delay; is the ionospheric delay on the path from receiver r to satellite s; is the observation noise of the carrier phase; Respectively obtain a first carrier phase observation value and a second carrier phase value corresponding to the two carrier signals of different frequencies, and use the first carrier phase observation value and the second carrier phase observation value as the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value.

3. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculating the total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch based on the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value specifically includes: Obtain an observation difference between the first carrier phase observation value and the second carrier phase observation value; wherein the calculation formula expression of the observation difference is: In the formula, and are the carrier phase observation values ​​from satellite s to receiver r on frequencies 1 and 2 respectively; and are the ionospheric delays of frequency 1 and frequency 2 on the path from receiver r to satellite s, respectively; λ1 is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency 1; λ2 is the carrier wavelength corresponding to frequency 2; is the integer ambiguity of frequency 1; is the integer ambiguity of frequency 2; and are the carrier phase observation noise of frequency 1 and frequency 2 respectively; Based on the observation difference, the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch is generated; wherein the expression of the calculation formula of the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path is: Where STEC is the relative total electron content of the ionosphere; α is the ionosphere delay coefficient; is the observed difference.

4. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch in the current detection period, and generating the total electron content of the ionosphere change rate index of the current detection period based on the total electron content of the ionosphere, specifically includes: Generating the number of observation epochs included in the current detection period according to the time length of the current detection period and the sampling interval of the satellite signal; The relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in each observation epoch is obtained, and the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere in the current observation epoch compared with the previous observation epoch is generated according to the difference in the relative total electron content of the ionosphere on the oblique path in two adjacent observation epochs; wherein the expression formula of the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere is: Where ROT(i) is the rate of change of the total electron content in the ionosphere at the i-th observation epoch, t i and t i-1 represents two consecutive observation epochs; STEC(i) and STEC(i-1) are the relative total electron content of the ionosphere corresponding to the two observation epochs; The ionospheric total electron content change rate index within the current detection period is generated based on the standard deviation of the ionospheric total electron content change rate; wherein the expression formula of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index is: Where ROTI(i) is the rate of change index of the total electron content of the ionosphere at the i-th observation epoch; N is the number of observation epochs included in the current detection cycle; ROT(j) is the rate of change of the total electron content of the ionosphere at the j-th observation epoch; It is the average value of the change rate of the total electron content in the ionosphere at each observation epoch in the current detection period.

5. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After generating the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period, the method further includes: Acquire the location information of the receiver; wherein the location information includes the longitude, latitude and altitude of the receiver; The puncture point latitude information is generated based on the single-layer ionosphere model and the position information; wherein the expression of the puncture point latitude information is: f IPP =arcsin(cos(α)sin(φ) r )+sin(α)cos(φ r )cos(e); In the formula, φ IPP is the latitude of the puncture point; φ r is the latitude of the receiver; α is the polar angle, that is, the complementary angle of the vertical angle between the receiver and the puncture point; e is the satellite altitude angle; R E is the radius of the earth; h is the height of the receiver above the ground; H is the height of the single ionosphere; The latitude of the receiver is obtained. When the latitude of the receiver meets the preset angle condition, the longitude information of the puncture point is generated according to the latitude of the receiver. The expression of the longitude information of the puncture point is: In the formula, λ IPP is the longitude of the puncture point; r is the longitude of the receiver; The longitude and latitude information of each puncture point and its corresponding ionospheric total electron content change rate index are associated and projected onto a two-dimensional map to generate a real-time distribution map of the ionospheric total electron content change rate index of the current detection period.

6. The ionospheric scintillation monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of generating the puncture point longitude information according to the latitude of the receiver further includes: When the latitude of the receiver does not meet the preset angle condition, the longitude information expression of the puncture point is: The preset angle conditions include: r >70° and or φ r <-70° and 7. An ionospheric scintillation monitoring system, characterized in that: Used to perform the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: a data processing center and a station network composed of a plurality of receiver terminals; The receiver is used to receive satellite signals and send dual-frequency carrier phase observation values ​​generated based on the satellite signals to the data processing center; The data processing center is used to receive the dual-frequency carrier signal sent by each of the receiver ends, and generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram of the current detection period based on the dual-frequency carrier signal.

8. An ionospheric scintillation monitoring system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the receiver ends includes a receiving antenna and a receiving host, and the data processing center includes a host and a display screen. Specifically: The receiving antenna is used to receive signals from satellites; The receiving host is used to perform data processing on the received satellite signal, generate the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value and send it to the host; The host is used to receive the dual-frequency carrier phase observation value sent by each receiving host, and generate the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram of the current detection period based on the dual-frequency carrier signal; The display screen is used to display the ionospheric total electron content change rate index and the ionospheric total electron content change rate index distribution diagram generated by the host.

9. A terminal device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the method for monitoring ionospheric scintillation phenomenon as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the ionospheric scintillation phenomenon monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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