Heat pipe temperature control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of in-pile irradiation of materials, in particular to a heat pipe temperature control system and method. The heat pipe temperature control system comprises an independent partition heat pipe, an electric heating unit, a jacketed pipe, a cooling unit, an air charging and discharging unit and a liquid charging unit. The independent partition heat pipe comprises an annular upper end block, a lower end pipe and a partition plate which is arranged in the middle of an inner cavity of the annular upper end block and divides the independent partition heat pipe into a left side heat pipe unit and a right side heat pipe unit. The electric heating unit is provided with a plurality of heating holes, electric heating rods are evenly arranged on the outer sides of the heating holes of the electric heating unit in the circumferential direction, and the lower end pipes of the independent partition heat pipes are inserted into the heating holes respectively. The jacketed pipe is arranged on the upper end block of the independent partition heat pipe in a sleeving mode, the cooling unit is communicated with the jacketed pipe, and the air charging and discharging unit and the liquid charging unit are both communicated with the upper end block of the independent partition heat pipe. The heat pipe temperature control system can screen out the independent partition heat pipe with the optimal structure for effective control of the material irradiation test temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material in-pile irradiation, and in particular to a thermal management temperature control system and method. Background Art

[0002] The in-pile irradiation test of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials is a key link in the development of nuclear power. An important indicator of the in-pile irradiation test of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials is the irradiation temperature of the irradiated parts. The distribution of neutron flux in the reactor is uneven in both the longitudinal and radial directions, which has a great impact on the irradiation temperature. The bottleneck in the precise control technology of material irradiation temperature has restricted the further implementation of irradiation tests. Therefore, how to control the irradiation test temperature is an important issue in irradiation technology.

[0003] Heat pipes can transmit a large amount of heat flux over a long distance through a very small cross-sectional area without the need for external power. One end of the heat pipe is the evaporation section, and the other end is the condensation section. An insulation section is arranged between the two sections according to application needs. When one end of the heat pipe is heated, the liquid in the evaporation section evaporates and gasifies, and the steam flows to the other end under a small pressure difference to release heat and condense into liquid. The liquid flows back to the evaporation section, and the cycle continues. The heat is transferred from one end of the hot section to the other end. In order to export the heat generated by the material in-pile irradiation and axially flatten the irradiation temperature, the heat pipe temperature control technology can be applied to the in-pile irradiation of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermal control temperature control system and method. The thermal control temperature control system can implement a thermal control temperature control method according to the uneven distribution of neutron flux in the reactor in the longitudinal and radial directions, so as to achieve precise control of the irradiation test temperature. The thermal control temperature control method can be used to implement a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe, so as to improve the structure of the heat pipe based on the test results.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a heat control and temperature management system, comprising: an independently partitioned heat pipe, an electric heating unit, a jacketed pipe, a cooling unit, an air filling and exhaust unit, and a liquid filling unit; the independently partitioned heat pipe comprises an annular upper end block, a lower end pipe, and a dividing plate arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block to divide the independently partitioned heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units, the left and right heat pipe units each comprise two lower end pipes, and a corresponding side of the annular upper end block connected to the inner cavities of the two lower end pipes, the upper end of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block is filled with a gas layer, the lower end of the inner cavity of the lower end pipe is filled with a heat pipe working medium, the heat pipe working medium is deionized water or other liquid metal, and the gas layer is Filled with helium and argon; the electric heating unit is provided with a plurality of heating holes, and the electric heating unit is provided with electric heating rods evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer side of the heating holes, and the plurality of lower end tubes of the independently partitioned heat pipe are respectively inserted into the plurality of heating holes; the jacket pipe is sleeved on the upper end block of the independently partitioned heat pipe, the cooling unit is connected to the jacket pipe, and the gas filling unit and the liquid filling unit are both connected to the upper end block of the independently partitioned heat pipe; optionally, the annular upper end blocks on the corresponding sides of the left and right heat pipe units are respectively connected to the gas filling unit and the liquid filling unit through branch pipes provided with control valves, so that the left and right heat pipe units can be independently filled with gas and liquid.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, when conducting irradiation test, the electric heating unit is used to simulate the heat generation and transfer of the irradiated parts in the test section of the irradiation device; the jacket pipe and the cooling unit are used to simulate the primary water cooling condition of the reactor; the gas filling unit can control the gas layer composition and pressure at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper end block to change the thermal conductivity of the independent partition heat pipe, realize the efficient heat extraction and the regulation of the irradiation temperature; the exhaust unit can discharge the impurity gas at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper end block in the independent partition heat pipe, improve the heat transfer efficiency of the independent partition heat pipe; the liquid filling unit can control the liquid filling rate at the lower end of the lower end pipe. After the electric heating unit is heated by the electric heating rod, the lower ends of multiple lower end pipes are heated, the heat pipe working fluid evaporates and gasifies, and the steam flows to the upper end block through the upper end of the lower end pipe under a small pressure difference, releases heat through the cooling of the jacket pipe and the cooling unit, condenses into liquid again, and finally flows back to the lower end of the lower end pipe, so as to realize the heat extraction of the electric heating unit, thereby simulating the heat extraction of the irradiation test section and the axial flattening of the irradiation temperature. During the process, the gas layer is controlled by the filling and exhaust unit, and the heat pipe working fluid is controlled by the liquid filling unit, so as to realize the simulation of precise control of the irradiation test temperature, so as to continuously improve the independent partition heat pipe.

[0008] At the same time, the independent partitioned heat pipe can also be inserted into the test section of the irradiation device for irradiation test of the irradiation part in the research reactor for use. When the irradiation test is carried out, the lower ends of the multiple lower end pipes can be inserted into the irradiation test section of the irradiation part as the evaporation section of the independent partitioned heat pipe. At this time, the upper ends of the multiple lower end pipes and the annular upper end block are located outside the irradiation test section. Optionally, the evaporation section liquid filling area is arranged in the area with the highest heat release rate of the irradiation test section material. The lower ends of the multiple lower end pipes are heated, the heat pipe working fluid evaporates and gasifies, and the steam flows through the upper end of the lower end pipe to the annular upper end block under a small pressure difference, and is cooled by the core cooling water flowing outside the annular upper end block to release heat and condense into liquid again, and finally flows back to the lower end of the lower end pipe. By repeating the above steps, heat is transferred from the evaporation section to the insulation section and the condensation section, and the partition plate arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block divides the independent partitioned heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units, which can respectively control the irradiation temperature of the positive and negative surfaces of the irradiation test section, thereby realizing the heat extraction of the irradiated material and the axial flattening of the irradiation test temperature.

[0009] Optionally, the upper end block is used as the heat pipe condensation section and is provided with a condensation section wall temperature measuring point, the upper end of the lower end tube is used as the heat pipe insulation section and is provided with an insulation section wall temperature measuring point, and the lower end of the lower end tube is used as the heat pipe evaporation section and is provided with an evaporation section wall temperature measuring point; the electric heating unit is respectively provided with a first radial temperature measuring point and a second radial temperature measuring point in different radial directions.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution and setting various temperature measuring points, the temperature of each point can be measured.

[0011] Optionally, the electric heating unit further comprises: a power regulator connected to the electric heating rod, a temperature measuring element installation hole provided at the upper end of the electric heating unit, and a temperature measuring element lead-out groove communicated with the heating hole.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the power regulator can adjust the output power of the electric heating rod, and each temperature measuring point can be installed through the temperature measuring element installation hole and led out through the temperature measuring element lead-out groove.

[0013] Optionally, the cooling unit includes: a first control valve, a heat exchanger tube side, a first water tank, a second control valve, a first circulation pump, a first check valve and an overflow valve which are connected to the inlet and outlet of the jacket tube in sequence; and a bypass branch arranged between the overflow valve and the first water tank; and a heat exchanger shell side which exchanges heat with the heat exchanger tube side; and a fourth control valve and a third control valve which are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger shell side; and a chiller whose inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the third control valve and the fourth control valve, the chiller includes a second water tank, a second circulation pump and an air-cooled condenser which are connected to each other in sequence, and the first water tank and the second water tank are both provided with an inlet valve and a drain valve.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when conducting a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe, the jacketed pipe and the cooling unit are used to simulate the primary water cooling condition of the reactor, the heat exchanger can perform heat exchange, and after the heat exchange, the heat can be discharged to the environment through the air-cooled condenser in the chiller.

[0015] Optionally, the outlet of the jacketed tube is provided with a first flow measuring point, a first temperature measuring point, and a first pressure measuring point; the inlet of the jacketed tube is provided with a second temperature measuring point and a second pressure measuring point; a second flow measuring point is provided between the third control valve and the air-cooled condenser; a third pressure measuring point and a third temperature measuring point are provided between the fourth control valve and the second water tank; a first liquid level measuring point is provided on the first water tank, and a second liquid level measuring point is provided on the second water tank.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and setting various temperature, flow, pressure and liquid level measuring points, the temperature, flow, pressure and liquid level at various locations corresponding to the cooling unit can be measured.

[0017] Optionally, the inflation and exhaust unit includes an inflation unit and an exhaust unit, and a fourth temperature measuring point and a fourth pressure measuring point are arranged on the main pipe of the inflation and exhaust unit; the inflation unit includes a helium branch and an argon branch arranged in parallel, and the helium branch and the argon branch respectively include a gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a mass flow meter and a fifth control valve connected in sequence, and the fifth control valve is connected to the upper end block through the main pipe; the exhaust unit includes an exhaust branch and a vacuum branch arranged in parallel, the exhaust branch includes a sixth control valve whose two ends are respectively connected to the upper end block and the exhaust groove, and the vacuum branch includes a seventh control valve, a vacuum pump and a second check valve connected in sequence, the seventh control valve is connected to the upper end block, and the second check valve is connected to the exhaust groove.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, when conducting a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe, the inflation unit can control the composition and pressure of the gas layer at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper end block to change the thermal conductivity of the independently partitioned heat pipe and realize the adjustment of the simulated irradiation temperature; the exhaust unit can discharge the impurity gas at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper end block in the independently partitioned heat pipe and improve the heat transfer efficiency of the independently partitioned heat pipe.

[0019] Optionally, the liquid filling unit includes a liquid tank, an eighth control valve, a metering pump and a ninth control valve which are connected in sequence, and the ninth control valve is connected to the upper end block.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when conducting a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe, the liquid filling unit can control the liquid filling rate of the lower end of the lower end pipe.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermal management and temperature control method, which is applied to the thermal management and temperature control system as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1: Determine to use independent zoned heat pipes;

[0023] S2: Build a heat control and temperature management system based on independent zoned heat pipes;

[0024] S3: Conducting a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe based on the heat management temperature control system;

[0025] S4: Acquiring test data based on the heat transfer characteristic test of the heat pipe;

[0026] S5: Determine an improved structure of the independent zoned heat pipe based on the test data;

[0027] The step S1 comprises:

[0028] According to the characteristics of the research reactor, the irradiation temperature target, the irradiation method, the irradiation position and the structure of the irradiation device, the preliminary structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe and its arrangement in the irradiation device are determined, and a calculation model is established to conduct numerical analysis on the temperature control of the independent partitioned heat pipe. The condensation limit, carrying limit, viscosity limit, capillary limit, sonic limit and boiling limit heat transfer characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe are obtained, and the influence of heat load, heat pipe medium and structural size on the heat transfer and irradiation temperature control characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe are analyzed. Finally, an independent partitioned heat pipe consisting of multiple lower end tubes, an annular upper end block connected to the lower end tubes and a partition plate that divides the heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units is adopted.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the basic structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe can be determined, and the test data of the independent partitioned heat pipe can be obtained through the heat pipe temperature control system. Then, the corresponding test results can be obtained through the test data, so as to improve the structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe.

[0030] Optionally, step S3 includes:

[0031] Based on the thermal management temperature control system, the material radiation thermal management temperature control working condition is simulated, and the heat transfer characteristics test of the independent partitioned heat pipe is carried out under the material radiation thermal management temperature control working condition. The heat transfer characteristics test of the heat pipe includes: transient start-up test, steady-state test, cold source temperature control test, independent partitioned heat pipe length effect test, filling rate effect test and gas composition and pressure effect test.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the thermal management and temperature control system can simulate the material radiation thermal management and temperature control conditions, thereby realizing the heat transfer characteristics test of the heat pipe using independent zoned heat pipes.

[0033] Optionally, step S4 includes:

[0034] Based on the heat transfer characteristics test of the heat pipe, the heat transfer characteristics and influencing factors of the independent zoned heat pipe under the material radiation heat pipe temperature control condition are obtained. The heat transfer characteristics include: wall temperature distribution, evaporation section heat transfer coefficient, condensation section heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance, heat transfer amount, and heat transfer efficiency; the influencing factors include: heat load, filling rate, structural size, gas composition, pressure, cooling water flow rate and temperature.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipe can be obtained after conducting a heat transfer characteristics test of the heat pipe.

[0036] In summary, the present invention at least includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0037] 1. An independent zoned heat pipe consisting of multiple lower end tubes and an annular upper end block connected to the lower end tubes is adopted. The lower end tube of the heat pipe is inserted into the irradiation test section loaded with irradiated parts, and the upper end block of the heat pipe extends out of the irradiation test section and directly contacts with the core cooling water. The heat generated by the irradiation of the irradiated parts in the reactor is transferred to the annular upper end block by the heat pipe working fluid and taken away by the core cooling water. The heat generated during the irradiation process is quickly exported through the adaptive adjustment of the heat pipe and the axial temperature flattening of the test section of the irradiation device is achieved. In addition, the dividing plate arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block divides the independent zoned heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units, which can control the irradiation temperature of the positive and negative surfaces of the irradiation test section respectively, and further achieve accurate control of the irradiation test temperature.

[0038] 2. A thermal management temperature control system and a corresponding thermal management temperature control method have been established, which can perform transient start-up test, steady-state test, cold source temperature control test, test on the influence of each section length of the independent partitioned heat pipe, test on the influence of liquid filling rate, and test on the influence of gas composition and pressure, so as to obtain the heat transfer characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe under each test condition, obtain the influence of various factors on the heat transfer characteristics, and then determine the optimal structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the heat management and temperature control system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the independently partitioned heat pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electric heating unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 The present invention is a flowchart of a thermal management temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Independently zoned heat pipe; 11. Annular upper end block; 12. Lower end pipe; 13. Dividing plate; 14. Heat pipe working medium; 15. Condensation section wall temperature measuring point; 16. Insulation section wall temperature measuring point; 17. Evaporation section wall temperature measuring point; 18. Gas layer; 19. Left heat pipe unit; 20. Right heat pipe unit; 3. Electric heating unit; 31. Heating hole; 32. Electric heating rod; 33. Power regulator; 34. Temperature measuring element installation hole; 35. Temperature measuring element Component lead-out groove; 36, first radial temperature measuring point; 37, second radial temperature measuring point; 4, jacket pipe; 5, cooling unit; 51, first control valve; 52, heat exchanger; 53, first water tank; 54, second control valve; 55, first circulation pump; 56, first check valve; 57, overflow valve; 58, heat exchanger tube side; 59, heat exchanger shell side; 510, third control valve; 511, fourth control valve; 512, chiller; 513, second water tank; 514, first Second circulation pump; 515, air-cooled condenser; 516, bypass branch; 517, first flow measurement point; 518, first temperature measurement point; 519, first pressure measurement point; 520, second temperature measurement point; 521, second pressure measurement point; 522, second flow measurement point; 523, third pressure measurement point; 524, third temperature measurement point; 525, first liquid level measurement point; 526, second liquid level measurement point; 527, tenth control valve; 528, water inlet valve; 529, drain valve ; 6. Filling and exhaust unit; 61. Filling unit; 62. Exhaust unit; 63. Gas cylinder; 64. Pressure reducing valve; 65. Mass flow meter; 66. Fifth control valve; 67. Exhaust groove; 68. Sixth control valve; 69. Seventh control valve; 610. Vacuum pump; 611. Second check valve; 612. Fourth temperature measuring point; 613. Fourth pressure measuring point; 7. Liquid filling unit; 71. Liquid tank; 72. Eighth control valve; 73. Metering pump; 74. Ninth control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following Figure 1-4 It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0045] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be used as limitations of the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular expressions "one", "a kind of", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include plural expressions, unless there is a clear contrary indication in its context. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present invention refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more listed items. The term "exemplary" means "used as an example, embodiment or illustrative", and any embodiment described as "exemplary" here does not have to be interpreted as being superior to or better than other embodiments. The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can expressly or implicitly include one or more of these features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more. In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front” and “back” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] An embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal management and temperature control system.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 The heat management and temperature control system includes: an electric heating unit 3, a jacket pipe 4, a cooling unit 5, an air filling and exhaust unit 6, a liquid filling unit 7 and an independent partitioned heat pipe 1.

[0048] refer to Figure 2 The independent partition heat pipe 1 comprises: an annular upper end block 11, a lower end tube 12 and a dividing plate 13. The annular upper end block 11 is connected to the lower end tube 12 and has a connected inner cavity. The dividing plate 13 is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block 11. The dividing plate 13 divides the independent partition heat pipe 1 (that is, the annular upper end block 11 and the lower end tube 12) into a left heat pipe unit 16 and a right heat pipe unit 17 that are independent of each other. The left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 respectively include two lower end tubes 12. The two lower end tubes 12 in any heat pipe unit are connected to the annular upper end block 11 on the corresponding side. The left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 can be independently controlled in temperature. The upper end of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block 11 is filled with a gas layer 15, and the lower end of the inner cavity of the lower end tube is filled with a heat pipe working medium 14. The heat pipe working medium 14 is deionized water or other liquid metal, and the gas layer is filled with helium and argon.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the upper end block 11 can be used as the condensation section of the independent partition heat pipe 1, and a condensation section wall temperature measuring point 15 is provided on the outer wall of the annular upper end block 11. The upper end of the lower end tube 12 can be used as the insulation section of the independent partition heat pipe 1, and an insulation section wall temperature measuring point 16 is provided on the upper end of the lower end tube 12. The lower end of the lower end tube 12 can be used as the evaporation section of the independent partition heat pipe 1, and an evaporation section wall temperature measuring point 17 is provided on the lower end of the lower end tube 12. It should be understood that the temperature measuring points mentioned above and below are temperature sensors.

[0050] In the optional embodiment of the present application, the number of the lower end tubes 12 is 4, the diameter is 6mm, and the inner diameter and outer diameter of the annular upper end block 11 are 8mm and 24mm respectively. The shell material of the independent partition heat pipe 1 is stainless steel, and the target heat pipe working medium 13 is selected according to the irradiation temperature control target, and the gas layer 14 is filled with helium and argon. The heat pipe working medium 13 type, filling rate and gas layer 14 composition corresponding to the left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 can be different.

[0051] Specifically, four condensation section wall temperature measuring points 15 are arranged from top to bottom on the corresponding sides of the upper end blocks 11 of the left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17. Two insulation section wall temperature measuring points 16 are arranged from top to bottom on the upper end (insulation section) of each lower end tube 12, and four evaporation section wall temperature measuring points 17 are arranged from top to bottom on the lower end (evaporation section) of each lower end tube 12.

[0052] When conducting the irradiation test, the two lower end tubes corresponding to the left heat pipe unit 16 and the right heat pipe unit 17 are respectively inserted into the positive and negative chambers of the irradiation test section of the irradiation device as the evaporation section of the independent partition heat pipe 1. At this time, the upper end of the lower end tube 12 and the annular upper end block 11 are located outside the irradiation test section. Optionally, the evaporation section liquid filling area is arranged in the area with the highest heat release rate of the irradiation test section material. The lower end of the lower end tube 12 is heated, and the heat pipe working fluid 13 evaporates and gasifies. The steam flows to the annular upper end block 11 through the upper end of the lower end tube 12 under a small pressure difference, and is cooled by the core cooling water flowing outside the annular upper end block to release heat and condense into liquid again, and finally flows back to the lower end of the lower end tube 12. By repeating the above steps, heat is transferred from the evaporation section to the insulation section and the condensation section, thereby realizing the heat extraction of the irradiated part and the axial flattening of the irradiation test temperature.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The electric heating unit 3 is cylindrical and its material is consistent with that of the irradiation piece clamp of the irradiation device test section. It is made of 6061 aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The electric heating unit 3 is provided with a plurality of heating holes 31 connected to the lower end tube 12, and the lower end tube 12 can be inserted into the heating holes 31. The electric heating unit 3 is evenly arranged with electric heating rods 32 on the outer side of the heating holes 31, and the electric heating rods 32 are used to heat the electric heating unit 3. Among them, the number of heating holes 31 and the number of electric heating rods 32 are the same as the number of the lower end tube 12, and are all set to four. The rated power of each electric heating rod 32 is 3kW. The jacket tube 4 is sleeved on the upper end block 11, and the cooling unit 5 is connected to the jacket tube 4. The cooling unit 5 can cool the upper end block 11 through the cooling water in the jacket tube 4. The gas filling unit 6 and the liquid filling unit 7 are both connected to the inner cavity of the upper end block 11.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 The electric heating unit 3 also includes a power regulator 33, which is connected to the electric heating rod 32. By setting the power regulator 33, the heating power of the electric heating rod 32 can be adjusted. The electric heating unit 3 is also provided with a plurality of temperature measuring element mounting holes 34 and a plurality of temperature measuring element lead-out slots 35. The temperature measuring element mounting holes 34 are provided at the upper end of the electric heating unit 3, and four groups of the temperature measuring element mounting holes 34 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the electric heating unit 3, and three holes are arranged in each group. The three temperature measuring element mounting holes 34 in a single group and the adjacent electric heating rods 32 are located on the same radius of the electric heating unit 3. The temperature measuring element lead-out slots 35 are provided at the upper end of the electric heating unit 3 and are four in number. A single temperature measuring element lead-out slot 35 is located between two adjacent electric heating rods 32, and the temperature measuring element lead-out slot 35 has a side wall notch and an end face notch. The side wall notch and the end face notch are evenly arranged along the circumference of the electric heating unit 3, and the temperature measuring element lead-out slot 35 is connected one-to-one with the heating hole 31. The above-mentioned temperature measuring points can be fixed in the temperature measuring element installation hole 34 and led out through the temperature measuring element lead-out groove 35 .

[0055] The electric heating unit 3 is provided with a first radial temperature measuring point 36 and a second radial temperature measuring point 37 in different radial directions. By measuring the radial temperature gradient of the electric heating unit 3, the power inputted by the electric heating unit 3 to the lower end pipe 12 can be calculated.

[0056] refer to Figure 1The cooling unit 5 includes a first control valve 51, a heat exchanger 52, a first water tank 53, a second control valve 54, a first circulation pump 55, a first check valve 56 and a relief valve 57, which are connected in sequence from the inlet to the outlet of the jacket tube 4. Since the temperature of the cooling unit 5 varies greatly, in order to ensure the stable pressure operation, the pipe side system of the cooling unit 5 is provided with a relief valve 57, and the relief valve 57 adopts a self-operated pressure regulating valve. Among them, the heat exchanger 52 has two groups of heat exchange channels, namely, the heat exchanger pipe side 58 and the heat exchanger shell side 59 capable of heat exchange. The inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger pipe side 58 are connected to the first control valve 51 and the first water tank 53 respectively. The two ends of the heat exchanger shell side 59 are connected to the third control valve 510 and the fourth control valve 511 respectively, and the third control valve 510 and the fourth control valve 511 are connected to the outlet and the inlet of the water chiller respectively, and the water chiller 512 is used to discharge heat to the environment.

[0057] The water chiller includes a second water tank 513, a second circulation pump 514, and an air-cooled condenser 515 which are connected in sequence. The second water tank 513 is connected to the fourth control valve 511, and the air-cooled condenser 515 is connected to the third control valve 510. The first water tank 53 and the second water tank 513 are both provided with a water inlet valve 528 and a drain valve 529. The cooling unit also includes a bypass branch 516 for returning the overflow water generated by the system pressure stabilization to the first water tank 53. The bypass passage 516 is connected between the overflow valve 57 and the first water tank 53.

[0058] The cooling unit 5 is used to simulate the cooling condition of the independent zoned heat pipe 1 in the reactor during the irradiation of the material pile. The design cooling capacity is 15kW, the design pressure is 1.65MPa, the operating pressure is 1.5MPa, the design temperature is 100℃, the operating temperature is 50℃, and the material of the flow-through parts is stainless steel. The cooling water in the first water tank 53 flows through the jacketed pipe 4 installed outside the independent zoned heat pipe 1 under the driving action of the first circulating pump 55, takes away the heat of the condensation section of the independent zoned heat pipe 1, and transfers the heat to the cooling water on the shell side 59 of the heat exchanger through the heat exchanger 52. The cooling water on the shell side 59 of the heat exchanger flows through the chiller 512 under the driving action of the second circulating pump 514, and discharges the heat to the environment through the air-cooled condenser 515 in the chiller 512.

[0059] In order to monitor the operating parameters of the cooling unit 5 online, the outlet of the jacket tube 4 is provided with a first flow measuring point 517, a first temperature measuring point 518, and a first pressure measuring point 519. The inlet of the jacket tube 4 is provided with a second temperature measuring point 520 and a second pressure measuring point 521. A second flow measuring point 522 is provided between the third control valve 510 and the air-cooled condenser 515, and a third pressure measuring point 523 and a third temperature measuring point 524 are provided between the fourth control valve 511 and the second water tank 513. A first liquid level measuring point 525 is provided on the first water tank 53, and a second liquid level measuring point 526 is provided on the second water tank 513. It should be understood that the flow measuring points mentioned above and below are flow sensors, the pressure measuring points are pressure sensors, and the liquid level measuring points are liquid level sensors. A tenth control valve 527 is also provided between the overflow valve 57 and the outlet of the jacket tube 4.

[0060] refer to Figure 1 The charging and exhausting unit 6 includes a charging unit 61 and an exhausting unit 62. The charging unit 61 includes a helium branch and an argon branch arranged in parallel, and the helium branch and the argon branch respectively include a gas cylinder 63, a pressure reducing valve 64, a mass flow meter 65 and a fifth control valve 66 which are connected in sequence, one of the gas cylinders 63 is used to hold argon gas, and the other is used to hold helium gas, and the two fifth control valves 66 are connected to the upper end block 11 through a dry pipe. The mass flow meter 65 can accurately control the composition and pressure of the inert gas filled in the inner cavity of the upper end block 11, thereby changing the thermal conductivity of the independent partition heat pipe 1 and realizing the adjustment of the simulated irradiation temperature.

[0061] The exhaust unit 62 includes an exhaust branch and a vacuum branch arranged in parallel, one end of the exhaust branch and the vacuum branch is connected to the upper end block 11 through a dry pipe, and the other end is connected to the exhaust groove 67. The exhaust branch includes a sixth control valve 68, which is connected to the upper end block 11 and the exhaust groove 67 respectively. The vacuum branch includes a seventh control valve 69, a vacuum pump 610, and a second check valve 611 which are connected in sequence. The seventh control valve 69 is connected to the upper end block 11, and the second check valve 611 is connected to the exhaust groove 67. The impurity gas in the independent partition heat pipe 1 is discharged through the exhaust unit 62, which can improve the heat transfer capacity of the independent partition heat pipe 1. At the same time, a fourth temperature measuring point 612 and a fourth pressure measuring point 613 are also set on the dry pipe of the charging and exhaust unit 6 to monitor the temperature and pressure of the charging and exhaust unit 6.

[0062] refer to Figure 1 The filling unit 7 includes a liquid tank 71, an eighth control valve 72, a metering pump 73 and a ninth control valve 74 which are connected in sequence. The ninth control valve 74 is connected to the upper end block 11. The metering pump 73 can control the filling rate of the independent zoned heat pipe 1.

[0063] The implementation principle of a heat pipe temperature control system in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when conducting a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe, the electric heating unit 3 is used to simulate the heat generation and transfer of the irradiated part; the jacket pipe 4 and the cooling unit 5 are used to simulate the primary water cooling condition of the reactor; the gas filling unit 61 can control the composition and pressure of the gas layer 14 at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper end block 11 to change the thermal conductivity of the independent partition heat pipe 1 and realize the adjustment of the simulated irradiation temperature; the exhaust unit 62 can discharge the impurity gas at the upper end of the inner cavity of the upper end block 11 in the independent partition heat pipe 1 to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the independent partition heat pipe 1; the liquid filling unit 7 can control the liquid filling rate at the lower end of the lower end pipe 12. Afterwards, various data are obtained based on multiple temperature, flow, pressure, and liquid level measurement points, and the heat pipe temperature control system is adjusted based on various data, so as to realize the simulation of precise control of the irradiation test temperature. By continuously implementing heat pipe heat transfer characteristic tests, the structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 can be continuously improved based on the test results, and then the independent partitioned heat pipe with the optimal structure can be selected for effective control of the material irradiation test temperature, providing technical support for the research and development of nuclear fuel cladding and reactor structural materials.

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a thermal management temperature control method.

[0065] refer to Figure 4 A thermal management temperature control method is applied to the above-mentioned thermal management temperature control system, comprising the following implementation steps:

[0066] S1: Determine to use independent zoned heat pipes;

[0067] According to the characteristics of the research reactor, the irradiation temperature target, the irradiation method, the irradiation position and the structure of the irradiation device, the preliminary structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 and its arrangement in the irradiation device are determined, and a calculation model is established to perform numerical analysis on the temperature control of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1, and the heat transfer characteristics such as the condensation limit, carrying limit, viscosity limit, capillary limit, sonic limit and boiling limit of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 are obtained, and the influence of heat load, heat pipe medium and structural size on the heat transfer and irradiation temperature control characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is analyzed. Finally, an independent partitioned heat pipe 1 consisting of a plurality of lower end pipes 12, an annular upper end block 12 connected to the lower end pipes 12 and a partition plate 13 that divides the heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units is adopted.

[0068] S2: Build a heat management and temperature control system based on independent zoned heat pipe 1.

[0069] Insert multiple lower end tubes 12 of the independent zoned heat pipe 1 into the electric heating unit 3, sleeve the jacket tube 4 on the upper end block 11, connect the cooling unit 5 with the inlet and outlet of the jacket tube 4, connect the filling and exhaust unit 6 and the liquid filling unit 7 with the upper end block 11. Please refer to the above-mentioned heat pipe temperature control system for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] S3: Conduct heat transfer characteristic test of heat pipe based on heat pipe temperature control system.

[0071] By building a heat control and temperature control system, the material radiation heat control and temperature control working conditions can be simulated, and then the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is subjected to transient start-up test, steady-state test, cold source temperature control test, independent partitioned heat pipe 1 section length influence test, filling rate influence test and gas composition and pressure influence test.

[0072] Furthermore, the transient start-up test is: under different heating power conditions, the transient characteristics of the start-up of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 are tested, and the response time of the steady-state cooling condition is established; the steady-state test is: under different heating power conditions, the steady-state operation characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 are tested, and the limit heat transfer coefficient of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is calculated according to the wall temperature measurement and theoretical formula; the cold source temperature control test is: under the same heating power conditions, the cooling water flow and temperature of the cooling unit are changed to test the heat transfer characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1; the test on the influence of the length of each section of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is: by changing the length of each section of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1, the influence of the change of the length of each section of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 on the heat transfer of the heat pipe is tested; the filling rate influence test is: by filling different types or qualities of heat pipe working fluids 13, the heat transfer capacity of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is tested; the gas composition and pressure influence test is: by changing the composition and pressure of the gas layer 14 of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1, the heat transfer capacity of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 is tested.

[0073] S4: Acquire test data based on the heat transfer characteristics test of the heat pipe.

[0074] The corresponding test data can be obtained through the above tests, specifically, the heat transfer characteristics such as the wall temperature distribution, evaporation section heat transfer coefficient, condensation section heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance, heat transfer amount, heat transfer efficiency of the independent zoned heat pipe 1 under each test condition can be obtained, and the influence of factors such as heat load, filling rate, structural size, gas composition and pressure, and cooling water flow and temperature on the heat transfer characteristics can be analyzed.

[0075] S5: Determine an improved structure of the independent zoned heat pipe 1 based on the test data.

[0076] After obtaining the test data, the structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 can be optimized to determine the improved structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1. After the improvement, the above process can be repeated again to achieve step-by-step optimization of the structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1, and then determine the optimal structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe 1 for material irradiation temperature control, and insert it into the test section of the irradiation device loaded with irradiated material for irradiation testing in the research reactor, so as to achieve rapid heat extraction and axial flattening of the irradiation test temperature.

[0077] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to introduce the technical solution of the present invention in detail, but the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by technicians in this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management temperature control system, characterized in that: include: An independent zoned heat pipe (1), an electric heating unit (3), a jacketed pipe (4), a cooling unit (5), an air filling and exhaust unit (6) and a liquid filling unit (7); the independent zoned heat pipe (1) comprises an annular upper end block (11), a lower end pipe (12) and a dividing plate (13) arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block (11) to divide the independent zoned heat pipe (1) into left and right heat pipe units; the left and right heat pipe units each comprise two lower end pipes (12) and a corresponding side of the annular upper end block (11) connected to the inner cavities of the two lower end pipes (12); the upper end of the inner cavity of the annular upper end block (11) is filled with a gas layer (18), and the lower end of the inner cavity of the lower end pipe (12) is filled with a heat pipe working medium (14); The heat pipe working fluid (14) is deionized water or other liquid metal, and the gas layer (18) is filled with helium and argon; the electric heating unit (3) is provided with a plurality of heating holes (31), and the electric heating unit (3) is provided with electric heating rods (32) evenly arranged in the circumferential direction outside the heating holes (31); the plurality of lower end tubes (12) of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1) are respectively inserted into the plurality of heating holes (31); the jacket pipe (4) is sleeved on the upper end block (11) of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1), the cooling unit (5) is connected to the jacket pipe (4), and the gas filling and exhaust unit (6) and the liquid filling unit (7) are both connected to the upper end block (11) of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1).

2. A thermal management temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end block (11) is provided with a condensation section wall temperature measuring point (15) as a heat pipe condensation section, the upper end of the lower end tube (12) is provided with an insulation section wall temperature measuring point (16) as a heat pipe insulation section, and the lower end of the lower end tube (12) is provided with an evaporation section wall temperature measuring point (17) as a heat pipe evaporation section; the electric heating unit (3) is provided with a first radial temperature measuring point (36) and a second radial temperature measuring point (37) in different radial directions.

3. A thermal management temperature control system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The electric heating unit (3) further comprises: a power regulator (33) connected to the electric heating rod (32), a temperature measuring element installation hole (34) provided at the upper end of the electric heating unit (3), and a temperature measuring element lead-out groove (35) connected to the heating hole (31).

4. A thermal management temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cooling unit (5) comprises: a first control valve (51) connected in sequence to the inlet and outlet of the jacket tube (4), a heat exchanger tube side (58), a first water tank (53), a second control valve (54), a first circulation pump (55), a first check valve (56) and a relief valve (57); a bypass branch (516) arranged between the relief valve (57) and the first water tank (53); a heat exchanger shell side (59) for performing heat exchange with the heat exchanger tube side (58); and a heat exchanger shell side (59) connected to the heat exchanger tube side (58) and the heat exchanger shell side (59) respectively. A fourth control valve (511) and a third control valve (510) at the inlet and outlet of the shell side (59); and a chiller (512) whose inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the third control valve (510) and the fourth control valve (511), the chiller (512) comprising a second water tank (513), a second circulation pump (514) and an air-cooled condenser (515) which are connected in sequence, and the first water tank (53) and the second water tank (513) are both provided with a water inlet valve (528) and a water drain valve (529).

5. A thermal management temperature control system according to claim 4, wherein the outlet of the jacketed tube (4) is provided with a first flow measuring point (517), a first temperature measuring point (518), and a first pressure measuring point (519); the inlet of the jacketed tube (4) is provided with a second temperature measuring point (520) and a second pressure measuring point (521); a second flow measuring point (522) is provided between the third control valve (510) and the air-cooled condenser (515); a third pressure measuring point (523) and a third temperature measuring point (524) are provided between the fourth control valve (511) and the second water tank (513); a first liquid level measuring point (525) is provided on the first water tank (53), and a second liquid level measuring point (526) is provided on the second water tank (513).

6. A thermal management temperature control system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The inflation and exhaust unit (6) comprises an inflation unit (61) and an exhaust unit (62), and a fourth temperature measuring point (612) and a fourth pressure measuring point (613) are arranged on the main pipe of the inflation and exhaust unit (6); the inflation unit (61) comprises a helium branch and an argon branch arranged in parallel, and the helium branch and the argon branch respectively comprise a gas cylinder (63), a pressure reducing valve (64), a mass flow meter (65) and a fifth control valve (66) which are connected in sequence, and the fifth control valve (66) is connected to the main pipe via a pressure reducing valve (64) and a mass flow meter (65). The exhaust unit (62) is connected to the upper end block (11); the exhaust unit (62) comprises an exhaust branch and a vacuum branch arranged in parallel, the exhaust branch comprises a sixth control valve (68) whose two ends are respectively connected to the upper end block (11) and the exhaust groove (67), the vacuum branch comprises a seventh control valve (69), a vacuum pump (610), and a second check valve (611) which are connected in sequence, the seventh control valve (69) is connected to the upper end block (11), and the second check valve (611) is connected to the exhaust groove (67).

7. The thermal management temperature control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquid filling unit (7) comprises a liquid tank (71), an eighth control valve (72), a metering pump (73) and a ninth control valve (74) which are connected in sequence, and the ninth control valve (74) is connected to the upper end block (11).

8. A thermal management temperature control method, applied to the thermal management temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Determine to use independent zoned heat pipes (1); S2: Building a heat control and temperature management system based on independent zoned heat pipes (1); S3: Conducting a heat transfer characteristic test of a heat pipe based on the heat management temperature control system; S4: Acquiring test data based on the heat transfer characteristic test of the heat pipe; S5: determining an improved structure of the independent zoned heat pipe (1) based on the test data; The step S1 comprises: According to the characteristics of the research reactor, the irradiation temperature target, the irradiation method, the irradiation position and the structure of the irradiation device, the preliminary structure of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1) and its arrangement in the irradiation device are determined, and a calculation model is established to perform numerical analysis on the temperature control of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1), and the condensation limit, carrying limit, viscosity limit, capillary limit, sonic limit and boiling limit heat transfer characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1) are obtained, and the influence of heat load, heat pipe medium and structural size on the heat transfer and irradiation temperature control characteristics of the independent partitioned heat pipe (1) are analyzed; finally, an independent partitioned heat pipe (1) is adopted, which is composed of a plurality of lower end pipes (12), an annular upper end block (12) connected to the lower end pipes (12) and a partition plate (13) that divides the heat pipe into left and right heat pipe units.

9. A thermal management temperature control method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: Based on the thermal management temperature control system, a material radiation thermal management temperature control working condition is simulated, and a heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test is performed on the independent partitioned heat pipe (1) under the material radiation thermal management temperature control working condition. The heat pipe heat transfer characteristic test includes: a transient start-up test, a steady-state test, a cold source temperature control test, an independent partitioned heat pipe (1) section length influence test, a liquid filling rate influence test, and a gas composition and pressure influence test.

10. A thermal management temperature control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: Based on the heat transfer characteristic test of the heat pipe, the heat transfer characteristics and influencing factors of the independent zoned heat pipe (1) under the material radiation heat pipe temperature control condition are obtained, wherein the heat transfer characteristics include: wall temperature distribution, evaporation section heat transfer coefficient, condensation section heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance, heat transfer amount, and heat transfer efficiency; and the influencing factors include: heat load, liquid filling rate, structural size, gas composition, pressure, cooling water flow rate and temperature.

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