A miniaturized GNSS antenna

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, and discloses a miniaturized GNSS antenna, including: a patch, located at the top of the antenna, for radiating and receiving signals; a ground plate, located below the patch, for reflecting signals and providing a potential zero point; a feeder, for providing RF signal input for the antenna; a connecting device, arranged between the patch and the ground plate, for realizing electrical connection between the patch and the ground plate, and the number of the connecting devices is three, and the connection points of the three connecting devices on the patch are arranged at the edge of the patch, and the three connection points are distributed in a triangular shape, and the angles of the triangles are all within the range of 45° to 90°. The present invention effectively controls the electric field distribution and vector electric field superposition of orthogonal modes through distributed connecting devices, which ensures miniaturization and realizes high gain and stable circular polarization performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a miniaturized GNSS antenna. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology, GNSS antennas as key components have been widely used in positioning navigation, vehicle communications and drones. Traditional patch antennas have been widely used due to their small size, easy manufacturing and low cost. However, with the continuous increase in market demand, the miniaturization and lightweight technology of traditional patch antennas faces the following significant limitations:

[0003] (1) Dependence on high dielectric constant materials: Traditional antenna designs often use dielectric materials with high dielectric constants to achieve miniaturization, but this increases the weight of the antenna and has a negative impact on radiation performance.

[0004] (2) Trade-off between gain and bandwidth: Traditional miniaturization technology usually leads to reduced antenna gain and narrower bandwidth, limiting its application in complex multipath environments.

[0005] (3) Insufficient frequency tuning capability: Existing designs have difficulty achieving efficient tuning over a wide frequency range, which limits their applicability and flexibility. Summary of the invention

[0006] In response to the above technical bottlenecks, the present invention proposes a miniaturized GNSS antenna, which significantly improves the gain and bandwidth performance of the antenna through innovative structural design, while abandoning traditional high dielectric constant dielectric materials, solving the problem of miniaturization, lightweight and high performance in existing antenna designs.

[0007] In order to have a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments, a brief summary is given below. This summary is not intended to be a general review, nor is it intended to identify key / important components or to delineate the scope of protection of these embodiments. Its only purpose is to present some concepts in a simple form as a preface to the detailed description that follows.

[0008] According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, a miniaturized GNSS antenna is disclosed.

[0009] In one embodiment, a miniaturized GNSS antenna includes:

[0010] The patch, located on top of the antenna, is used for radiating and receiving signals;

[0011] The ground plane is located below the patch and is used to reflect the signal and provide a potential zero point;

[0012] A feed line for providing RF signal input to the antenna;

[0013] The connecting device is arranged between the patch and the ground plate to realize the electrical connection between the patch and the ground plate. There are three connecting devices, and the connection points of the three connecting devices on the patch are arranged at the edge of the patch. The three connection points are distributed in a triangle, and the angles of the triangles are all in the range of 45° to 90°.

[0014] Optionally, the connecting device is vertically arranged between the patch and the ground plate.

[0015] Optionally, the connecting device includes a metal connecting wire and a capacitive element, and the metal connecting wire is used to expand the capacitive element.

[0016] Optionally, the capacitive element is a lumped element, or a distributed capacitive element, or a transmission line structure, or a capacitive plate, or a planar capacitive structure, or a single capacitive element, or a plurality of capacitive elements connected together, or a combination of multiple elements.

[0017] Optionally, the feed line uses a probe feeding method, a coaxial line feeding method, or a coupled feeding method to provide an RF signal to the antenna.

[0018] Optionally, air medium or low dielectric constant material is used between the patch and the ground plane, or air medium and low dielectric constant material are used together.

[0019] Optionally, the number of the feeder lines is more than two, and the antenna circular polarization signal is realized by controlling the phase difference and amplitude of each feeder line.

[0020] Optionally, the patch is a triangular structure, and the three connecting devices are arranged at the corners of the patch.

[0021] Optionally, the patch is a polygonal, multi-sided, circular, elliptical, annular, fan-shaped or special-shaped structure.

[0022] Optionally, the patch further comprises a slot and / or gap loading structure.

[0023] Optionally, the number of the connecting devices is four or more.

[0024] Optionally, a connecting device is further provided between the three connecting devices.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device is disclosed.

[0026] In one embodiment, the electronic device includes the miniaturized GNSS antenna structure described in any one of the above optional embodiments.

[0027] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention may have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) Multi-mode optimization: Through distributed connection devices, the electric field distribution and vector electric field superposition of orthogonal modes are effectively controlled, ensuring miniaturization while achieving high gain and stable circular polarization performance.

[0029] (2) Dielectric-free design: Abandon high dielectric constant materials (such as ceramic materials) and use air dielectrics, or low dielectric constant materials, or air dielectrics in combination with low dielectric constant materials, which can significantly reduce the weight of the antenna and reduce the impact of high dielectric constant materials on antenna radiation, thereby improving radiation performance.

[0030] (3) Introduction of capacitive elements: Capacitive elements are added between the patch and the ground plane to form a flexible capacitive load, allowing the antenna to be efficiently tuned over a wider frequency range and improving adaptability. The number and type of capacitive elements can be flexibly selected to achieve compatibility among production cost, processing technology, and performance.

[0031] (4) High performance and miniaturization: This effectively solves the problem of miniaturization, lightness and high performance in existing antenna designs. It is particularly suitable for applications that are sensitive to size and weight, such as drones, wearable devices and smart vehicle systems. While meeting the needs of high-precision navigation, this technology provides a new direction and more efficient solution for the development of GNSS antennas.

[0032] (5) Wide adaptability: By rationally configuring the position and number of connecting devices, simulating the modal characteristics of the triangular patch, and generating similar orthogonal electric field components, this technical solution is applicable to patch designs of arbitrary geometric shapes, further improving the flexibility and versatility of antenna design.

[0033] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0035] Figure 1a is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the position of the connecting device in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 1d is the modal diagram of a regular rectangular patch;

[0039] Figure 1e is a side view of an implementation of the connecting device in Example 1 in the yz plane;

[0040] Figure 1f is a side view of another embodiment of the connecting device in Example 1 in the yz plane;

[0041] Figure 1g is a side view of another embodiment of the connecting device in Example 1 in the yz plane;

[0042] Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 2;

[0043] Figure 2b is a top view of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 2;

[0044] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 3;

[0045] Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the xy plane in Example 4;

[0046] Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the hexagonal patch in Example 4;

[0047] Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 5;

[0048] Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the circular patch in Example 5;

[0049] Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of the position of an implementation method of the connecting device in Example 5;

[0050] Figure 5d is a schematic diagram of the position of another implementation mode of the connecting device in Example 5;

[0051] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 6;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of various optional implementation structures of the patch;

[0053] Figure 8a is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a miniaturized GNSS antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8b is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8c is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9a is a reflection coefficient diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the embodiment of the present invention in simulation;

[0057] Figure 9b : is the planar radiation diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following description and accompanying drawings fully illustrate the specific embodiments of this article so that those skilled in the art can practice them. Parts and features of some embodiments may be included in or replace parts and features of other embodiments. The scope of the embodiments of this article includes the entire scope of the claims, as well as all available equivalents of the claims. Herein, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish one element from another, without requiring or implying any actual relationship or order between these elements. In fact, the first element can also be called the second element, and vice versa. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the structure, device or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also include elements inherent to such structure, device or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the structure, device or equipment including the elements. Each embodiment is described in a progressive manner herein, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0059] The terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. in this document indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this document and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the description of this document, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, it can also be the internal communication of two elements, it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0060] In this article, the capacitive element has a capacitance component and can be a lumped element, such as a chip capacitor, a varactor diode, a transistor, etc., or a distributed element, such as a parallel wire, a transmission line, etc. The inductive element has an inductive component and can be a lumped element, such as a chip inductor, a chip resistor, etc., or a distributed element, such as a wire, a coil, etc.

[0061] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "plurality" means two or more than two.

[0062] Herein, unless otherwise specified, numerical ranges include endpoint values, and “above” and “below” include the numbers themselves.

[0063] In this document, the character " / " indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B.

[0064] In this article, the term "and / or" is a description of the association relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or, A and B.

[0065] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0066] The miniaturization and lightweight technology of traditional patch antennas is difficult to achieve miniaturization, lightweight and high performance. The embodiment of the present invention discloses a miniaturized GNSS antenna, which significantly improves the gain and bandwidth performance of the antenna through innovative structural design and the use of lightweight and low dielectric constant materials.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] Figure 1a It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0069] like Figure 1a As shown, this embodiment discloses a miniaturized GNSS antenna, including: a patch 101, located at the top of the antenna, for radiating and receiving signals; a ground plate 100, located below the patch 101, for reflecting signals and providing a potential zero point; a feed 102, for providing RF signal input for the antenna; a connecting device, arranged between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100, and the number of the connecting devices is three. The connection points of the three connecting devices on the patch 101 are arranged at the edge of the patch 101, and the three connection points are distributed in a triangular shape, and the internal angles of the triangle are all in the range of 45° to 90°. The connecting device is used to realize the electrical connection between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100. On the one hand, it provides mechanical support for the patch 101 to ensure the stability of the antenna structure. On the other hand, it realizes the electrical connection between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100, and also realizes the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0070] In this embodiment, the patch 101 has a triangular structure, and the number of connecting devices is three, namely a first connecting device 11, a second connecting device 12, and a third connecting device 13. Figure 1b The schematic diagram of the position of the connection device in Example 1 is shown. The first angle α1, the second angle α2 and the third angle α3 formed by the connection points of the three connection devices on the patch 101 are all in the range of 45° to 90°, for example, α1 = 45°, α2 = 45°, α3 = 90°, for another example, α1 = 60°, α2 = 60°, α3 = 60°, for another example, α1 = 50°, α2 = 60°, α3 = 70°.

[0071] In other embodiments, the patch may also be a polygonal, multi-sided, circular, elliptical, annular, fan-shaped, or irregularly shaped structure, or a slotted structure or a gap-loaded structure of the above structures.

[0072] Figure 1c The schematic diagram of the working principle of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 1 is shown. The triangular patch 101 of this embodiment has two orthogonal characteristic modes: the first mode along the second side and the third side (the two components of this mode are distributed along the second side and the third side, respectively, but the direction of the synthetic electric field is along the x direction), the electric field is mainly concentrated near all three angles of the patch, and the electric field in the middle of the second side and the middle of the third side is the weakest; the second mode along the first side, i.e., the y direction, the electric field is mainly concentrated near the angles at both ends of the first side, and the electric field in the middle of the first side is the weakest. These two modes generate far-field electric field components Ex and Ey, respectively. This characteristic meets the generation conditions of circularly polarized signals: two far-field electric field components Ex and Ey with the same amplitude and orthogonal phase.

[0073] Circularly polarized patch antenna design can be achieved through design optimization, including adjusting the frequency difference between two orthogonal modes and using differential feeding technology.

[0074] The connection points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 are arranged near the three corners of the patch 101, that is, the edge area of ​​the triangular patch. This area is the electric field strength of the patch 101, which can enhance the effective electric field components of the two orthogonal modes, effectively reduce their resonant frequencies, and significantly reduce the physical size of the antenna. Specifically, the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 reduce the resonant frequency of the first mode, and the second connecting device 12 and the third connecting device 13 reduce the resonant frequency of the second mode. In summary, this embodiment successfully takes into account both miniaturization and high performance requirements by reasonably arranging the connecting devices at the electric field strength of the patch, and provides an optimized design solution for the GNSS antenna.

[0075] The triangle angle formed by the connection points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 on the patch is in the range of 45° to 90°, which can ensure that the patch antenna has effective circular polarization radiation performance. Too small an angle between the connection points or too large an angle (less than 45° or greater than 90°) may cause uneven mode intensity of the first mode and the second mode, thereby affecting the orthogonality and phase matching of the electric field, making it difficult to form a stable circularly polarized signal, and causing the mode excitation to fail to cover the entire radiation area, resulting in a significant weakening of the electric field intensity in certain directions, further destroying the symmetry and uniformity of the electric field, and reducing the radiation efficiency. Therefore, it is the key to ensure uniform mode intensity, good orthogonality, and stable circularly polarized signals to reasonably set the connection points of the three connecting devices on the patch 101 and control the angle range of the connection points to be between 45° and 90°.

[0076] Optionally, the internal angle of the triangular patch 101 can be designed to be within the range of 45° to 90°. Correspondingly, the angle formed by the connection lines of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 should also be between 45° and 90° to meet different structural requirements and ensure the design flexibility and performance stability of the antenna. This design optimizes the patch geometry and the position distribution of the connecting device, which not only ensures the stability of the structure, but also maximizes the electromagnetic radiation performance of the antenna.

[0077] To achieve optimal performance, the triangular patch 101 is preferably a triangle with a symmetrical structure, such as an isosceles triangle or an equilateral triangle. The first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 are all located at the corners of the patch 101, i.e., the edge area, so as to maximize the effective radiation area of ​​the patch and improve the antenna radiation performance. Optionally, the internal angles of the triangular patch 101 are all 60°. The angles between the connection points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 on the patch 101 are also 60°, ensuring the geometric symmetry and performance optimization of the antenna design.

[0078] Optionally, for patches of other arbitrary shapes, the electric field strength in the edge area of ​​the patch is relatively strong, and the connecting device is arranged at the edge area of ​​the patch, which can more effectively couple the electric field energy, thereby optimizing the excitation of the orthogonal mode and improving the gain and circular polarization performance of the antenna. At the same time, the connecting device at the edge position can reduce the resonant frequency by increasing the capacitive load, realize the miniaturization design of the antenna, and maximize the radiation efficiency. This arrangement also avoids interference with the central feeding structure of the patch, providing greater flexibility for antenna design. Therefore, setting the connecting device at the edge is an important choice that takes into account both performance optimization and structural design, and is particularly suitable for the needs of high-performance miniaturized GNSS antennas.

[0079] It should be pointed out that according to the Characteristic Mode Theory, if Figure 1c The modal characteristics (i.e., the characteristics of the electric field distribution) of the two orthogonal modes shown are significantly unique and different, which directly determines the versatility and adaptability of the triangular patch. The first mode of the triangular patch has two component paths along the second side and the third side, which causes the electric field to show obvious non-uniformity at different sides and corners. To further illustrate the above particularity, Figure 1d shows the mode diagram of a regular rectangular patch. Figure 1d As shown in the figure, the two orthogonal modes of the rectangular patch are parallel to the x and y directions respectively, and the electric field distribution is uniform and symmetrical. Its mode characteristics are mainly determined by geometric symmetry. Although this symmetrical mode distribution is easy to control, it lacks the directional and non-uniform characteristics of the triangular patch.

[0080] It is precisely because of the non-uniform distribution and significant directionality of the triangular patch in the modal characteristics that it can show better versatility and adaptability in patches of other shapes. By optimizing the position of the connecting device in patches with rectangular, circular, elliptical, annular, polygonal, polygonal or special-shaped structures, the modal characteristics of the triangular patch can be simulated to generate similar orthogonal electric field components. Especially in the design of patches with complex shapes, the modal characteristics of the triangle provide flexibility and adaptability for mode optimization, and can achieve miniaturized design and high-performance output through the optimized configuration of the electric field concentration area. This characteristic also makes the design logic of the triangular patch a reference model for efficient design in patches of other geometric shapes.

[0081] Optionally, the connecting device is vertically arranged between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100 .

[0082] Optionally, the connection device includes a metal connection line and a capacitive element, and the metal connection line is used to expand the capacitive element. Specifically, the first connection device 11 includes a first metal connection line 11a and a first capacitive element 11b; the second connection device 12 includes a second metal connection line 12a and a second capacitive element 12b; the third connection device 13 includes a third metal connection line 13a and a third capacitive element 13b.

[0083] Furthermore, the miniaturized GNSS antenna further includes a feeder 102, which can directly provide an RF signal to the antenna by a probe feeding method, or can be fed by a coaxial feeding method; the inner conductor of the coaxial feeder is connected to the patch 101, and the outer conductor is connected to the ground plate 100, for feeding the RF signal. In addition, other common feeding methods, such as coupled feeding, can also be used to meet different design requirements.

[0084] In terms of design, no dielectric material with a high dielectric constant is required between the patch 101 and the ground plane 100. For example, air dielectric, or other low dielectric constant materials (such as resin materials commonly used in copper clad laminates, including hydrocarbon resins, PPO, active esters, epoxy resins, etc. for circuit boards, etc.), or air dielectric combined with low dielectric constant materials can be used to simplify the structure and improve design flexibility.

[0085] The first metal connection line 11a, the second metal connection line 12a and the third metal connection line 13a can adopt a variety of conductive structures, including but not limited to conductive films, conductive coatings or other materials or components with conductive functions. This design can meet the diverse manufacturing process requirements while ensuring the stability and consistency of antenna performance, and is suitable for the development of miniaturized antennas in different application scenarios.

[0086] Figure 1e to Figure 1gThe side view of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the yz plane is shown, and different connection configurations of the capacitive element in the connection device are described in detail. The capacitive element connects the patch 101 and the ground plate 100 through a metal connection line to form a capacitive load of the antenna.

[0087] like Figure 1e As shown, the capacitive element is connected between the metal connection line and the patch. One end of the metal connection line is connected to the ground plate 100, and the other end is connected to the capacitive element; the upper end of the capacitive element is connected to the corresponding position of the patch 101. This configuration helps to directly enhance the electric field component of the patch and is suitable for high-efficiency radiation design.

[0088] like Figure 1f As shown, the capacitive element is connected to the middle of the metal connection line. The metal connection line is connected from the corner of the patch 101 to the ground plane 100 across to provide electrical connection and mechanical support; the capacitive element is located in the middle of the metal connection line, and both ends are connected to the metal connection line. This configuration balances electrical performance and structural strength and is suitable for symmetrical design requirements.

[0089] like Figure 1g As shown, the capacitive element is connected between the metal connection line and the ground plane. One end of the metal connection line is connected to the corner of the patch 101, and the other end is connected to the capacitive element; the other end of the capacitive element is connected to the ground plane 100. This configuration is more inclined to a stable grounding design, which helps to enhance the overall electrical performance stability.

[0090] The capacitive element can be flexibly selected at any position in the connection device according to the actual process requirements. This design flexibility not only adapts to different manufacturing processes, but also meets various antenna design requirements, while ensuring the miniaturization of the antenna and the optimization of electrical performance.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] In this embodiment, there are multiple feed lines, and the miniaturized GNSS antenna can be fed by a multi-feed line structure to further improve performance. Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in this embodiment, Figure 2b A top view of it.

[0093] In this embodiment, the miniaturized GNSS antenna is fed by two feed lines 102a and 102b. The layout of the feed line 102b can be obtained by rotating the feed line 102a by 90 degrees along the center position of the patch 101. The two feed lines (102a and 102b) respectively input signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90°, which can generate broadband circularly polarized signals, significantly improve the stability of the signal and the stable phase center, thereby meeting the requirements of high-precision GNSS applications.

[0094] In other embodiments, the antenna may also use three or four or more feed lines for differential feeding, and high-performance circularly polarized signals may also be achieved by properly controlling the phase difference and amplitude of each feed line.

[0095] In other embodiments, other connecting devices are further provided between the patch and the ground plane, and the number of connecting devices is four or more. Optionally, a connecting device is further provided between the three connecting devices in the above embodiments. Optionally, to further optimize the performance, one or more connecting devices are added between the following areas: between the first connecting device 11 and the second connecting device 12; and / or between the second connecting device 12 and the third connecting device 13; and / or between the first connecting device 11 and the third connecting device 13. This flexible and scalable design enables the GNSS antenna to adapt to different application requirements, and further improves the performance of the antenna by adjusting the number and position of the connecting devices.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] Figure 3 3D diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 1, by adding a fourth connecting device 14, a fifth connecting device 15 and a sixth connecting device 16 to form a structure of six connecting devices, so as to achieve better electric field distribution and radiation performance.

[0098] The newly added connection devices are all located between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100 for electrical connection and support. The fourth connection device 14 includes a fourth metal connection line 14a and a fourth capacitive element 14b; the fifth connection device 15 includes a fifth metal connection line 15a and a fifth capacitive element 15b; and the sixth connection device 16 includes a sixth metal connection line 16a and a sixth capacitive element 16b.

[0099] The newly added connection devices are arranged at the midpoints of the sides of the triangular patch 101: the fourth connection device 14 is located at the midpoint between the first connection device 11 and the second connection device 12, that is, the midpoint of the first side; the fifth connection device 15 is located at the midpoint between the second connection device 12 and the third connection device 13, that is, the midpoint of the second side; the sixth connection device 16 is located at the midpoint between the first connection device 11 and the third connection device 13, that is, the midpoint of the third side. Of course, the newly added connection devices can also be arranged at other positions between the existing three connection devices.

[0100] The optimization effects of this embodiment include:

[0101] (1) Radiated electric field uniformity: The added connection device can further ensure the uniformity of the radiated electric field by improving the electric field distribution of the patch, avoiding hot spot effects, and achieving signal zero point filling.

[0102] (2) Phase center stability: By optimizing the layout of the connection device and compensating for areas with uneven signals, the stability of the phase center is improved, which is particularly suitable for the accuracy requirements of GNSS antennas.

[0103] Example 4

[0104] Figure 4a : is a schematic diagram of the structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the xy plane in Example 4 of the present invention. Figure 4a As shown, the miniaturized GNSS antenna of this embodiment adopts a hexagonal patch in structure, which provides higher symmetry and performance optimization compared with the triangular patch of Example 1. The hexagonal patch 101 has six corners, namely the first corner, the second corner, the third corner, the fourth corner, the fifth corner and the sixth corner. The first connecting device 11 connects the first corner; the second connecting device 12 connects the second corner; the third connecting device 13 connects the third corner; the fourth connecting device 14 connects the fourth corner; the fifth connecting device 15 connects the fifth corner; and the sixth connecting device 16 connects the sixth corner. All connecting devices are located between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100 for electrical connection and support.

[0105] Figure 4b The schematic diagram of the working principle of the hexagonal patch in Example 4 of the present invention is shown. The hexagonal patch can be regarded as two equilateral triangle patches superimposed:

[0106] The first triangular antenna is composed of a first connecting device 11, a third connecting device 13 and a fifth connecting device 15, which are respectively connected to the first corner, the third corner and the fifth corner of the hexagonal patch to form an equilateral triangle structure. Figure 1c , the first triangular antenna has two orthogonal modes. The first connecting device 11, the third connecting device 13, and the fifth connecting device 15 optimize the electric field distribution, increase the effective electric field component of the patch, and reduce the resonant frequency of the two orthogonal modes, thereby realizing a miniaturized design, and generating a stable circularly polarized signal by controlling the frequency difference of the two orthogonal modes or by differential feeding technology.

[0107] The second triangular antenna: consists of a second connecting device 12, a fourth connecting device 14 and a sixth connecting device 16, which are connected to the second corner, the fourth corner and the sixth corner of the hexagonal patch respectively; the second triangular antenna is obtained by rotating the first triangular antenna 60 degrees around the center of the hexagon. Figure 1cThe second triangular antenna also has two orthogonal modes; the second connecting device 12, the fourth connecting device 14, and the sixth connecting device 16 increase the effective electric field component of the patch, reduce the resonant frequency of the two orthogonal modes, realize the miniaturization of the antenna, and generate circularly polarized signals by controlling the frequency difference of the orthogonal modes or using differential feeding technology.

[0108] Therefore, the six connecting devices (the first to the sixth connecting devices) in Example 4 of the present invention establish four modes (two pairs of orthogonal modes) by constructing two triangular antennas. While miniaturizing the antenna, the stability and strength of the signal are improved through multi-mode superposition and optimized distribution; in addition, the reasonable mode distribution avoids phase cancellation between different signals, fills the signal zero point, improves signal uniformity, and ensures the stability of the phase center.

[0109] It should be particularly pointed out that in the first triangular antenna, the angle of the triangle formed by the first connecting device 11, the third connecting device 13, and the fifth connecting device 15 is 60°; in the second triangular antenna, the angle of the triangle formed by the second connecting device 12, the fourth connecting device 14, and the sixth connecting device 16 is also 60°.

[0110] The overall design of the hexagonal patch maintains a high degree of symmetry, ensuring that the electric field distribution of the antenna is uniform and the phase center is stable. All connecting devices, namely the first to sixth connecting devices, are arranged at the corners of the patch, namely the edge area, to ensure the best radiation performance.

[0111] In addition, to meet different design requirements, the angle of the triangular antenna should meet the following range: the angle of the first connecting device 11, the third connecting device 13, and the fifth connecting device 15 in the first triangular antenna should be between 45° and 90°; the angle of the second connecting device 12, the fourth connecting device 14, and the sixth connecting device 16 in the second triangular antenna should also be between 45° and 90°. Furthermore, one or more connecting devices can be added between the existing connecting devices to further enhance the electric field distribution and signal performance; by adjusting the angle and the number of connecting devices, it can flexibly adapt to applications of different frequencies and scenarios.

[0112] Example 5

[0113] Embodiment 5 of the present invention proposes a miniaturized GNSS antenna design based on a circular patch or an elliptical patch.

[0114] Figure 5aIt is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 5 of the present invention. The patch 101 is designed as a circular patch to provide better symmetry and radiation performance. The first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 are respectively arranged at the first equal division point, the second equal division point, and the third equal division point on the circumference of the circular patch; the connecting devices are all arranged between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100 to achieve electrical connection and support functions. The first connecting device 11 includes a first metal connecting wire 11a and a first capacitive element 11b; the second connecting device 12 includes a second metal connecting wire 12a and a second capacitive element 12b; the third connecting device 13 includes a third metal connecting wire 13a and a third capacitive element 13b. The metal connecting wire is used to expand the capacitive element to achieve electrical connection between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100.

[0115] Figure 5b The schematic diagram of the working principle of the circular patch in Example 5 of the present invention is shown. Figure 5b As shown, the angles α1, α2 and α3 of the triangle formed by the connecting points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12 and the third connecting device 13 on the patch 101 are all 60°; this geometric structure ensures symmetry and constructs a structure similar to Figure 1c The two orthogonal modes are shown in .

[0116] Furthermore, the angles α1, α2, and α3 of the triangles of the connection points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 on the patch 101 can be designed to be in the range of 45-90° to adapt to different design requirements; one or more connecting devices are added between the existing connecting devices to further enhance the electric field distribution and signal performance; by adjusting the angle and the number of connecting devices, it is flexibly adapted to applications of different frequencies and scenarios.

[0117] Figure 5c and Figure 5d The schematic diagram of the position of the connecting device in Example 5 of the present invention is shown. Figure 5c As shown, the triangle formed by the connecting lines of the connecting points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 on the patch 101 is an isosceles triangle, wherein the included angle α3 is greater than 90°, and the included angle α1 and the included angle α2 are less than 45°; Figure 5d As shown in FIG. 1 , the triangle formed by the connection points of the first connecting device 11, the second connecting device 12, and the third connecting device 13 on the patch 101 is an isosceles triangle, wherein the angle α3 is less than 45°, while the angle α1 and the angle α2 are greater than 67.5°. Both of these situations do not meet the constraint conditions of the present invention, that is, the angles α1, α2, and α3 of the triangle should be within the range of 45-90°. When the angle does not meet this range, it is difficult to form a Figure 1cThe two orthogonal modes shown. Specifically, an angle that is too large or too small will lead to uneven mode excitation and asymmetric electric field distribution, which will affect the phase matching and amplitude balance between the orthogonal modes. At this time, the mode strength of the first mode and the second mode may be uneven, resulting in insufficient orthogonality of the electric field, making it difficult to achieve a stable circularly polarized signal. In order to ensure that the antenna can effectively generate high-performance circularly polarized signals, the triangle angle must be between 45° and 90° to maintain good mode excitation, orthogonality and phase matching.

[0118] Example 6

[0119] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in Example 6 of the present invention. Based on the circular patch design of Example 5, Example 6 of the present invention adds a fourth connecting device 14, a fifth connecting device 15 and a sixth connecting device 16 to form six evenly distributed connecting devices, thereby further improving the radiation performance and signal stability of the antenna.

[0120] On the basis of Example 5, the three newly added connection devices are distributed as follows: the fourth connection device 14 is located at the midpoint between the first connection device 11 and the second connection device 12; the fifth connection device 15 is located at the midpoint between the second connection device 12 and the third connection device 13; the sixth connection device 16 is located at the midpoint between the first connection device 11 and the third connection device 13. The first connection device 11 to the sixth connection device 16 are respectively located at the first to sixth equally divided points of the circular patch 101.

[0121] The fourth connection device 14 includes a fourth metal connection line 14a and a fourth capacitive element 14b; the fifth connection device 15 includes a fifth metal connection line 15a and a fifth capacitive element 15b; the sixth connection device 16 includes a sixth metal connection line 16a and a sixth capacitive element 16b. The metal connection line expands the electrical coupling range of the capacitive element to achieve electrical connection between the patch 101 and the ground plate 100.

[0122] It should be pointed out that in Example 6 of the present invention, the angle of the triangle formed by the lines connecting the first connecting device 11, the third connecting device 13, and the fifth connecting device 15 is 60°; the angle of the triangle formed by the lines connecting the second connecting device 12, the fourth connecting device 14, and the sixth connecting device 16 is also 60°.

[0123] Furthermore, the triangle angle formed by the first connecting device 11, the third connecting device 13, and the fifth connecting device 15 should be within the range of 45° to 90°; the triangle angle formed by the second connecting device 12, the fourth connecting device 14, and the sixth connecting device 16 should also be within the range of 45° to 90°. One or more connecting devices are added between the existing connecting devices to further enhance the electric field distribution and signal performance; by adjusting the angle and the number of connecting devices, it can be flexibly adapted to applications of different frequencies and scenarios.

[0124] Figure 7 Various optional embodiments of the patch design in the present invention are demonstrated, further expanding the applicability of the present invention. In some embodiments, patches of various forms can be designed: for example, hexagonal patches have high symmetry, which helps to optimize the electric field distribution of the antenna; annular patches further reduce the weight of the structure and reduce material usage through internal hollow design. In some embodiments, the performance of the patch can be further optimized or miniaturized by slotting design and increasing gaps: for example, slotting inside the patch can change the current path, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency; increasing the gap on the patch can effectively reduce the equivalent capacitance, thereby reducing the size of the patch; in addition, the gap design can be used in conjunction with the slotting to further optimize the miniaturization and resonant performance of the antenna.

[0125] It should be pointed out that the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the present invention has strong adaptability: no matter what the geometric shape of the patch is, it can simulate the modal characteristics of the triangle through optimization design, generate similar orthogonal electric field components, and achieve high-performance circular polarization signals. The triangular patch is suitable for miniaturized design because of its simple geometric structure and easy realization of two orthogonal modes, and the electric field distribution can be optimized by adjusting the angle; the hexagonal patch is composed of a plurality of equilateral triangles, and has higher symmetry by inheriting the modal characteristics of the triangle, and can generate more modes and improve gain and bandwidth; the circular patch has the best symmetry, and by configuring three connecting devices on its edge, it can simulate the modal distribution of the triangle, achieve uniform electric field distribution, and reduce the loss caused by mode mismatch.

[0126] The common feature of these patches of different shapes is that the modal characteristics of the triangle can be flexibly simulated by reasonably configuring the number and position of the connecting devices, the excitation of the orthogonal mode can be achieved, and the electric field distribution can be further optimized. The adaptability of the GNSS antenna of the present invention comes from the precise arrangement of the capacitive elements and the connecting devices in the electric field strength area, and the resonant characteristics of the antenna can be adjusted according to different geometric shapes, thereby achieving miniaturized design and high-performance output. This flexible design method provides a unified implementation path for the optimization of patches of any shape, so that they can all have efficient electromagnetic performance similar to that of a triangle.

[0127] The miniaturized GNSS antenna of the present invention has the following three features:

[0128] (1) The dielectric substrate that does not rely on polymer materials (such as ceramic materials) greatly reduces the weight and size of the antenna, and can also reduce the impact of high dielectric constant materials on antenna radiation and improve radiation performance.

[0129] (2) The introduction of capacitive elements enables the miniaturized patch antenna to be tuned to any operating frequency band within a larger frequency range, greatly saving manufacturing costs and shortening the R&D cycle.

[0130] (3) The number and type of capacitive components can be flexibly selected to achieve compatibility among production cost, processing technology, and performance.

[0131] (4) Applicable to patch designs of arbitrary shapes: The configuration method of the connection device and the capacitive element of the present invention can flexibly adapt to patch designs of different geometric shapes. By adjusting the position and number of the connection device, the modal characteristics of the triangular patch can be simulated in patches of arbitrary shapes such as circular, rectangular, and hexagonal shapes to generate similar orthogonal electric field components. This design method makes full use of the universality of the triangular modal characteristics, so that patches of different shapes can achieve high gain, broadband, and circular polarization performance while ensuring miniaturization.

[0132] The capacitive element has a capacitance component, which can be a lumped element, such as a chip capacitor, a variable capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, a ceramic capacitor, a film capacitor, etc., or a distributed capacitance element, such as a parallel wire (two or more wires are arranged in parallel, an electric field is generated between the wires to form a capacitor, and the capacitance value is adjusted by adjusting the wire spacing and length), a transmission line structure (such as a microstrip line or a coaxial cable), a capacitive plate (two parallel metal plates are separated by a dielectric layer or an air gap to form a capacitor), a planar capacitive structure (a metal pattern printed on a PCB, such as a finger-shaped or staggered structure, and the geometric shape is adjusted to optimize the capacitance characteristics). These forms can be flexibly combined according to design requirements to optimize antenna performance. In addition, the capacitive element can be composed of a single capacitive element, or it can be composed of multiple capacitive elements connected to each other. In order to obtain a specific capacitance, a combination of multiple elements can be used to replace the capacitive element. For example, the capacitive element can be replaced by a combined structure of a capacitive element and an inductive element. The inductive element has an inductive component, which can be a lumped element, such as a chip inductor, a chip resistor, etc., or it can be a distributed element, such as a wire, a coil, etc. Likewise, the inductor element may be formed by a single inductor element or by connecting a plurality of inductors to each other.

[0133] Process Example 1

[0134] This embodiment demonstrates a specific implementation method of a miniaturized GNSS antenna in a single-layer circuit board based on Embodiment 1. The antenna structure consists of a ground plane, a patch, and a connecting device, and adopts a distributed capacitance element optimization design to achieve miniaturization and high performance of the antenna.

[0135] Figure 8a The cross-sectional view of a miniaturized GNSS antenna mounted on a single-layer circuit board in the yz plane is shown. Figure 8a As shown, combined with Figure 1e The ground plane 100 is composed of a first dielectric substrate 100b and a first metal layer 100a printed thereon, which provides reflection and grounding for the antenna. The patch 101 includes a second dielectric substrate 101b and a second metal layer 101a on its upper side, which is used as a radiation unit and is arranged parallel to the ground plane 100. The two are electrically connected through a connecting device, while optimizing the electromagnetic performance.

[0136] The first connecting device 11 is composed of a first vertical connecting line 11c and a first parallel connecting line 11d. The lower end of the first vertical connecting line 11c is connected to the ground plane 100, and the upper end is connected to the first parallel connecting line 11d printed on the lower side of the second dielectric substrate 101b. The first parallel connecting line 11d is arranged in parallel with the second metal layer 101a of the patch, and is disconnected by the dielectric substrate 101b to form a distributed capacitance element. The capacitance element is close to the electric field strength of the patch, which enhances the effective electric field component of the patch and reduces the resonant frequency, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0137] The structure of the second connecting device 12 is similar to that of the first connecting device, and is composed of a second vertical connecting line 12c and a second parallel connecting line 12d. The lower end of the second vertical connecting line 12c is connected to the ground plate 100, and the upper end is connected to the second parallel connecting line 12d printed on the lower side of the second dielectric substrate 101b. The second parallel connecting line 12d is printed on the lower side of the second dielectric substrate 101b, and is arranged parallel to the second metal layer 101a of the patch, and is disconnected by the dielectric substrate to form a distributed capacitive element. The capacitive element optimizes the electric field distribution, forms a symmetrical layout with the first connecting device 11, and further improves the radiation performance and phase center stability of the antenna.

[0138] This embodiment uses standard PCB technology to print parallel connection lines and accurately aligns the connection device between the patch and the ground plane, ensuring that the distributed capacitor element is close to the electric field strength. Through the coupling effect of the distributed capacitor element, the operating frequency of the antenna is significantly reduced, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is optimized. The symmetrical layout of the connection device further improves the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna, providing a high-performance solution for high-precision GNSS applications.

[0139] Process Example 2

[0140] Figure 8b The cross-sectional view of a miniaturized GNSS antenna mounted on a single-layer circuit board in the yz plane is shown. Figure 8b As shown, combined with Figure 1f The antenna is composed of a ground plane 100, a patch 101 and a connecting device. The ground plane includes a first dielectric substrate 100b and a first metal layer 100a thereon, which serve as a reflective surface and a grounding layer. The patch 101 is a metal sheet, which is arranged parallel to the ground plane 100 for radiating and receiving signals. The two are electrically connected through a connecting device, in which a distributed capacitance element is embedded to optimize the antenna performance.

[0141] The first connection device is composed of a third vertical connection line 11e, a fourth vertical connection line 11f and a third dielectric substrate 11g therebetween. The lower end of the third vertical connection line 11e is connected to the ground plane 100, and the upper end of the fourth vertical connection line 11f is connected to the first corner of the patch 101. The two are arranged in parallel on both sides of the third dielectric substrate 11g to form a distributed capacitance element. The distributed capacitance element is close to the electric field strength of the patch, and the effective electric field component is increased by enhancing the capacitive coupling, thereby reducing the operating frequency and miniaturizing the antenna.

[0142] The structure of the second connection device is similar to that of the first connection device, and is composed of a fifth vertical connection line 12e, a sixth vertical connection line 12f, and a fourth dielectric substrate 12g therebetween. The lower end of the fifth vertical connection line 12e is connected to the ground plane 100, and the upper end of the sixth vertical connection line 12f is connected to the second corner of the patch 101. The two are arranged in parallel on both sides of the fourth dielectric substrate 12g to form a distributed capacitance element. The distributed capacitance element optimizes the electric field distribution by enhancing the capacitive load between the patch and the ground plane, and further reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna.

[0143] Process Example 3

[0144] Figure 8c The cross-sectional view of a miniaturized GNSS antenna mounted on a single-layer circuit board in the yz plane is shown. Figure 8c As shown, combined with Figure 1g The antenna is composed of a ground plane 100, a patch 101 and a connecting device. The ground plane includes a first dielectric substrate 100b and a first metal layer 100a on its lower side, which serves as a reflective surface and a grounding layer to provide stable support for the patch. The patch 101 is designed with a metal sheet and is arranged parallel to the ground plane 100 as the main radiation unit of the antenna. The two are electrically connected through a connecting device, and the electric field performance is optimized through a distributed capacitance element.

[0145] The first connecting device 11 includes a seventh vertical connecting line 11h and a seventh parallel connecting line 11i. The seventh vertical connecting line 11h vertically connects the patch 101 and the seventh parallel connecting line 11i, and its upper end is connected to the first corner of the patch 101, and its lower end is connected to the seventh parallel connecting line 11i. The seventh parallel connecting line 11i is printed on the upper side of the first dielectric substrate 100b, and is arranged in parallel with the first metal layer 100a, and is disconnected by the first dielectric substrate 100b to form a distributed capacitance element. The distributed capacitance is close to the ground plane 100, which effectively reduces the operating frequency and realizes the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0146] The structure of the second connection device 12 is similar to that of the first connection device, and is composed of an eighth vertical connection line 12h and an eighth parallel connection line 12i. The upper end of the eighth vertical connection line 12h is connected to the second corner of the patch 101, and the lower end is connected to the eighth parallel connection line 12i; the eighth parallel connection line 12i is printed on the upper side of the first dielectric substrate 100b, parallel to the first metal layer 100a, and is disconnected by the dielectric substrate to form a distributed capacitance element. The distributed capacitance is close to the ground plane 100, which enhances the electric field distribution, further reduces the resonant frequency, and optimizes the antenna radiation performance.

[0147] like Figure 8a-8c As shown, the capacitive element can be flexibly selected at any position in the connecting device according to the manufacturing process requirements and antenna design requirements. Figure 8a-8c Taking the connection and installation of the capacitive element at the first corner and the second corner as an example, the schematic diagram of the antenna installed on a single-layer circuit board is shown. The antenna maintains the stability of the overall structure through the circuit board and the metal bracket, and is processed using standard PCB technology, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces costs.

[0148] Figure 9a and Figure 9b These are the performance parameters obtained by simulating the miniaturized and circularly polarized patch antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9a is a reflection coefficient diagram of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the embodiment of the present invention in simulation, Figure 9b It is the plane radiation pattern of the miniaturized GNSS antenna in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the working frequency band of the antenna is the L1 band, and a right-hand circularly polarized wave is generated above the antenna, which can be widely used in GPS positioning systems. Curves 901 and 902 are the radiation patterns of the xz plane and the yz plane, respectively. It can be seen that the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention generates a stable wide beam, and the main lobe gain can be as high as 6dB or more.

[0149] The structure of the antenna can be adjusted accordingly according to the specific design requirements, and the specific shapes, structures, routing forms, feeding methods, etc. of the patch and the ground plane can adopt different forms to achieve different antenna designs for impedance matching, frequency modulation, structural optimization, etc. The shape of the ground plane in each embodiment of the present invention is only schematic, and the shape of the ground plane is not limited to the shapes listed in the drawings of the present invention specification.

[0150] In some other optional embodiments, the antenna structure in the above embodiments further includes a capacitive element or an inductive element or a combination of a capacitive element and an inductive element to achieve miniaturization of the antenna. The capacitive element has a capacitance component and can be a lumped element, such as a chip capacitor, a varactor diode, a transistor, etc., or a distributed element, such as a parallel wire, a transmission line, etc. The inductive element has an inductive component and can be a lumped element, such as a chip inductor, a chip resistor, etc., or a distributed element, such as a wire, a coil, etc.

[0151] In some other optional embodiments, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes the miniaturized GNSS antenna structure described in any of the above optional embodiments. For example, the electronic device is a vehicle-mounted station or a drone.

[0152] The present invention is not limited to the structures which have been described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A miniaturized GNSS antenna, characterized in that: include: The patch, located on top of the antenna, is used for radiating and receiving signals; The ground plane is located below the patch and is used to reflect the signal and provide a potential zero point; A feed line for providing RF signal input to the antenna; The connecting device is arranged between the patch and the ground plate to realize the electrical connection between the patch and the ground plate. There are three connecting devices, and the connection points of the three connecting devices on the patch are arranged at the edge of the patch. The three connection points are distributed in a triangle, and the angles of the triangles are all in the range of 45° to 90°.

2. A miniaturized GNSS antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting device is vertically arranged between the patch and the ground plate.

3. A miniaturized GNSS antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting device comprises a metal connecting wire and a capacitive element, wherein the metal connecting wire is used to expand the capacitive element.

4. A miniaturized GNSS antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The capacitive element is a lumped element, or a distributed capacitive element, or a transmission line structure, or a capacitive plate, or a planar capacitive structure, or a single capacitive element, or a plurality of capacitive elements connected together, or a combination of multiple elements.

5. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed line provides an RF signal to the antenna by using a probe feeding method, a coaxial line feeding method, or a coupling feeding method.

6. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Air medium or low dielectric constant material is used between the patch and the ground plate, or air medium and low dielectric constant material are used together.

7. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the feeder lines is more than two, and the antenna circular polarization signal is realized by controlling the phase difference and amplitude of each feeder line.

8. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The patch is a triangular structure, and the three connecting devices are arranged at the corners of the patch.

9. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The patch is in the shape of a polygon, polygon, circle, ellipse, ring, sector or special shape.

10. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The patch also includes slotted and / or slotted loading structures.

11. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the connecting devices is four or more.

12. The miniaturized GNSS antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that: A connecting device is also arranged between the three connecting devices.

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