A power management system based on micro-cells

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power management system based on micro-cells, which is connected to a power supply, wherein the power supply includes a semiconductor logic circuit and a plurality of micro-cells; the micro-cells are connected via the semiconductor logic circuit; the power management system is used to control the semiconductor logic circuit to obtain a charging route and a discharging route of the micro-cells, charge the micro-cells via the charging route, and discharge the micro-cells via the discharging route; during the charging and discharging process, the power management system is also used to remove micro-cells that are attenuated from the corresponding circuits; during the discharging process, the power management system is also used to control the micro-cells to generate a plurality of voltage waveform signals by controlling the discharge circuit and combine the plurality of voltage waveform signals to output a final voltage signal; the present invention belongs to the field of battery management technology, and through the above technical solution, the present invention can solve the problem of a single use scenario of the adapter, thereby achieving a significant improvement in efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and in particular relates to a power management system based on micro-cells. Background Art

[0002] There are more than 100 kinds of batteries now, and with the development of new energy, there are more and more types of batteries, and at the same time, the capacity and volume of batteries are also getting larger and larger. What the battery standards will be in the future and whether they will be unified has not yet been finalized.

[0003] At present, batteries are generally used in combination with inverters to adapt to different charging and discharging scenarios. When users purchase battery packs or energy storage systems, in addition to purchasing battery packs or energy storage systems, they also need to purchase additional inverter configurations to realize the use of DC battery packs to AC appliances. There are many types of inverters with single functions. Inverters are divided into coal-fired inverters, solar inverters, wind inverters, and nuclear inverters according to different power sources. According to different uses, they are divided into independent control inverters and grid-connected inverters. The price of inverters varies depending on the type and power. Users need to purchase inverters with different configurations for different application scenarios. Generally speaking, the higher the power, the more expensive it is. The single usage scenario of the inverter and the corresponding high cost are a major pain point for battery use.

[0004] At the same time, the attenuation of single cells causes the capacity attenuation of the entire battery pack or the entire battery cluster, which is the shortcoming of all battery packs and another major pain point of the current battery pack energy storage system besides safety. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a power management system based on micro-cells to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power management system based on micro-cells, connected to a power source, wherein the power source includes a semiconductor logic circuit and a plurality of micro-cells; the micro-cells are connected through the semiconductor logic circuit;

[0007] The power management system is used to control the semiconductor logic circuit to obtain a charging route and a discharging route of the micro-cell, wherein the micro-cell is charged through the charging route and the micro-cell is discharged through the discharging route;

[0008] During the charging and discharging process, the power management system is also used to remove the micro-cells with attenuation from the corresponding circuits;

[0009] During the discharge process, the power management system is also used to control the microcell to generate a plurality of voltage waveform signals by controlling the discharge circuit and to combine the plurality of voltage waveform signals to output a final voltage signal.

[0010] Optionally, the number of the microcells is more than 100,000.

[0011] Optionally, the charging circuit is a full-mesh structure, in which each micro-cell is connected to an adjacent micro-cell through an open circuit of a semiconductor logic circuit.

[0012] Optionally, the micro-batteries are arranged in an array.

[0013] Optionally, during the charging process, the attenuation information of the microcell is collected by the power management system, and it is determined whether there are microcells in a decaying state based on the attenuation information; when there are microcells in a decaying state, the semiconductor logic circuit is controlled to open the circuits connected to the microcells in a decaying state, so as to remove the microcells in a decaying state from the charging circuit.

[0014] Optionally, during the discharge process, the attenuation information of the microcell is collected by the power management system, and it is determined whether there are microcells with attenuation based on the attenuation information; when there are microcells with attenuation, the semiconductor logic circuit is controlled to open the circuits connected to the microcells with attenuation, and other microcells are used for additional waveform compensation to remove the microcells with attenuation from the discharge circuit.

[0015] Optionally, the power management system is also used to collect a required voltage waveform, wherein the required voltage waveform is a voltage waveform adapted to a usage scenario.

[0016] Optionally, during the discharge process, the power management system decomposes the required voltage waveform through Fourier analysis according to the required voltage waveform, controls the discharge circuit to control the microcell to generate the decomposed voltage waveform signal, and merges the voltage waveform signals to output a final voltage signal.

[0017] Optionally, the usage scenarios include electric vehicles, aircraft and grid-connected power supply.

[0018] Optionally, the required voltage waveform is a periodic signal or a non-periodic signal.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] Since the power management system BMS controls the micro-cells similar to computer storage units, it achieves decoupling at the micro-cell level, which fundamentally solves the short-board effect of the capacity decay of the entire battery pack or the entire battery cluster caused by the decay of single cells. It can also use a method similar to that of a computer storage unit management system to shut down the control loop of each micro-cell in a very short time and reduce the voltage to a safe voltage, making it safer.

[0021] In addition, the output waveform is similar to the signal processing principle. By using Fourier transform, the cell voltage signal is collected in the time domain and space and defined as a source periodic function such as a sine (cosine) wave. The source periodic function is then used to perform linear combination approximation fitting on the required current output signal, thereby avoiding and saving the purchase of different inverters for various application scenarios. This allows a battery pack to simultaneously output DC, AC or three-phase AC, or even current signals with various complex protocol waveforms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a micro-cell control structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a micro-cell fitting waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of voltage waveform fitting required by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of voltage waveform merging required by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of fitting of a non-periodic voltage waveform signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0030] The battery inverter pointed out in the present invention is generally a device that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). It consists of an inverter bridge, control logic and a filter circuit. The input voltage, output voltage and frequency of the inverter, as well as the overall power processing depend on the specific device or circuit design. The inverter itself also consumes a part of the electricity when working, so its input power must be greater than its output power. The efficiency of the inverter is the ratio of the inverter output power to the input power, that is, the inverter efficiency is the output power divided by the input power. According to the wave string properties, it is mainly divided into two categories, one is a sine wave inverter, and the other is a square wave inverter. Inverters with different wave string properties have different usage scenarios.

[0031] The energy storage inverter (Power Control System - PCS) is a special type of inverter that can control the charging and discharging process of the battery and perform AC-DC conversion. In the absence of a power grid, it can directly supply power to the AC load. The main function of this device is to convert the direct current (DC) stored in the battery into alternating current (AC) and transmit it to the grid or directly supply it to the load. This device has been widely used in solar power generation systems, wind power generation systems, electric vehicle charging stations and other fields. The working principle of the energy storage inverter is similar to that of an ordinary inverter, but it also has additional functions such as battery management and grid interconnection. The battery management function can monitor the status of the battery, including voltage, current, temperature, etc., and control the charging and discharging of the battery as needed. The grid interconnection function allows the energy storage inverter to transmit electrical energy to the grid, or extract electrical energy from the grid to charge the battery. In general, the energy storage inverter is an efficient and flexible energy management device that can improve the efficiency and reliability of renewable energy systems while also providing grid stability and regulation. In future energy systems, energy storage inverters will play an increasingly important role.

[0032] Although the above energy storage converter has excellent performance, it still has the disadvantages of single usage scenario and high cost.

[0033] The attenuation of a single cell causes the capacity attenuation of the entire battery pack or the entire battery cluster. In order to achieve the rated power and voltage, existing battery packs must connect the cells in series and parallel, thus fixing the circuit connection of all cells. Once a cell in a battery pack attenuates, first of all, the charging and discharging performance and corresponding capacity of the cell will be reduced, and it is also easy to overcharge or over-discharge, especially in the series mode, where a single cell cannot be discarded, and no matter how powerful the battery monitoring system is, it will be useless. After a single cell attenuates, overcharging or over-discharging of the cell is also likely to cause safety problems such as fire in the energy storage system.

[0034] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-purpose and compilable power management system based on micro-batteries that can directly output AC and DC currents of various waveforms. The system is based on the combined management of a large number of micro-batteries with tiny capacity ampere-hours that can be quickly charged and discharged, and can replace the traditional battery + PCS or battery + inverter architecture. It is not accomplished through transistors such as IGBT or MOS, but is implemented through the logic control of the battery management system to solve the problem of single usage scenario, thereby achieving a significant improvement in efficiency.

[0035] For the power management system, its supporting battery pack, that is, energy storage device, which can quickly charge and discharge a large number of micro-cells with a tiny capacity of ampere-hour and hundreds of thousands or even millions of micro-cells, has a circuit structure composed of hundreds of thousands or even millions of micro-cells by utilizing semiconductor logic circuits. At the same time, the circuit connection of the input charging circuit and the connection of the output discharge circuit are independently set in the circuit structure. The micro-cells are arranged in an array. In the charging circuit of this structure, a full mesh structure is adopted. The full mesh structure continues to charge each micro-cell. After discovering that a certain cell has attenuated, the attenuated cell is immediately discarded by using the power management system and is no longer called to avoid overcharging.

[0036] Among them, for the detection of the attenuation of the battery cell, a computer MRAM magnetic storage management system (SMART technology: Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology, automatic detection analysis and reporting technology) is provided in the BMS, which can monitor and control the temperature, internal circuit, disk surface medium material, etc. of the hard disk, and strive to timely analyze the problems that may occur in the hard disk and issue warnings to protect data from loss. The micro-battery cells are combined into a structure or a micro-battery cell group through a semiconductor logic control circuit like the MRMA memory. The structure and control logic of the micro-battery cell group are the same as those of the MRMA memory, except that the storage unit of the MRMA storage is different from the voltage threshold or voltage storage capacity of the micro-battery cell. The computer MRAM magnetic storage management system only controls the charging and discharging of the micro-battery cell, which will not be affected by the different voltage thresholds in the structure. The computer MRAM magnetic storage management system adopts the existing SMART technology, which can be implemented by those skilled in the art, and the specific content will not be repeated.

[0037] SMART technology detects and manages damage to the hardware circuit of the hard disk. In the present invention, the control object of the SMART technology is adjusted from the conventional hardware circuit to the energy storage device composed of micro-cells, wherein the hardware circuit of the hard disk and the semiconductor logic circuit composed of the control micro-cells in the energy storage device have the same structure. The control object of the existing SMART technology can be directly transplanted to the energy storage device composed of micro-cells, thereby detecting the status of the micro-cells in the energy storage device and controlling the semiconductor logic circuits.

[0038] Using SMART technology, modern operating systems and file systems can have a certain degree of fault tolerance. When a bad block (microcell) is detected, it will take measures to mark the bad block; the computer MRAM magnetic storage management system will mark the damaged sector or track (microcell) as unavailable and remove it from the file allocation table to prevent subsequent data writing (charging) and reading (discharging). Charging is equal to writing all 1s. If the energy storage unit is still 0 voltage after repeated detection, it is considered a "bad track" and can be discarded logically.

[0039] To facilitate relevant personnel's technical understanding of the present invention, the energy storage unit composed of the microcells in the present invention can be interpretably mapped to a hard disk. Each small storage unit in the hard disk corresponds to a microcell. The SMART technology in the prior art can detect the storage unit in the hard disk and control the hardware circuit. Corresponding to the present invention, the state of the microcell is detected and the semiconductor logic circuit is controlled through the SMART technology.

[0040] In addition, in order to achieve the rated power and voltage, the output structure, i.e. the discharge circuit, uses linear waveform superposition instead of fixed series-parallel circuit connection. In the output circuit, once a micro-cell decays, it is immediately discarded and compensated by additional waveforms, so there is no over-discharge phenomenon.

[0041] In the discharge circuit, a computer MRAM magnetic storage management system is used to detect whether a single microcell or an energy storage unit is damaged. When a microcell is damaged, the microcell is abandoned and an identical microcell is added to the discharge circuit for logical compensation. When the energy storage unit is damaged, the file system is remapped: the computer MRAM magnetic storage management system is used to map the damaged sector (energy storage unit) to the spare sector (spare energy storage unit), and discharge is performed through the spare energy storage unit to meet the discharge requirements, so as to ensure the integrity of the data (discharge waveform) and the discharge needs.

[0042] The basic principle of semiconductor logic circuit is to use the conductivity of semiconductor materials between conductors and insulators, and control the state of output signals by controlling the level of input signals, thereby realizing logical operations. Common semiconductor materials include silicon (Si) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). Semiconductor logic circuits mainly include basic logic gates such as AND gates, OR gates, and NOT gates. These basic logic gates can be combined into various complex logic circuits to realize various logic functions. In the prior art, computer MRAM magnetic storage management system management controls semiconductor logic circuits to realize data storage, reading, and data processing of hard disks or magnetic storage devices. In the present invention, inspired by the hard disk structure, semiconductor logic circuits are used to form the connection structure of the circuit and storage medium of the hard disk with micro-cells. In the control of semiconductor logic circuits, the storage of data corresponds to the charging of micro-cells, and the reading and writing of data corresponds to the discharge of micro-cells. Different waveforms are formed by reading and writing corresponding data corresponding to the discharge of corresponding micro-cells. This facilitates the computer MRAM magnetic storage management system to effectively detect and control the energy storage device proposed in the present invention.

[0043] As some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the micro-cell inside the battery pack of the power management system in the present invention is configured with a charging circuit and a discharging circuit through a semiconductor logic circuit, and is configured with the following structure:

[0044] During charging, the power management system calls the charging circuit to charge the microcell, wherein the charging circuit adopts a full mesh structure, wherein in the full mesh structure, all the microcells are connected through a semiconductor logic circuit, and each microcell in the connection is connected to the adjacent microcell, and when a microcell attenuates, the semiconductor logic circuit removes the existing connection structure of the attenuated microcell, i.e., closes or opens the circuit structure related to the attenuated microcell.

[0045] During discharge, the power management system calls the discharge circuit to charge the microcell. The discharge circuit connects the microcell in series or in parallel at a certain frequency such as 50Hz or 60Hz and a 1 / 4 sine or cosine voltage value in phase, thereby generating different output waveforms to adapt to different usage scenarios.

[0046] Among them, the upper limit frequency is determined according to the discharge time capability of the microcell. It is not fixed and can be compiled by BMS. The pre-set multiples of 50 or 60HZ can cover most waveforms. Other frequencies need to be trained and calculated.

[0047] How to adjust the problem, the micro-battery can be processed by MRAM magnetic storage management method, the problem of outputting sinusoidal voltage is equivalent to how to output sinusoidal digital signals. The method of outputting sinusoidal digital signals by MRAM magnetic storage management method can be used to control the logic circuit to generate sinusoidal voltage.

[0048] Traditional inverters all have a sine wave generator, which simulates a sine wave signal by comparing a high-frequency triangular wave carrier and a low-frequency sine wave modulation wave to drive the switching devices in the inverter bridge arm, thereby converting DC power into AC power.

[0049] In this scheme, the micro-unit directly forms a sinusoidal voltage waveform during discharge, which can be used as a sine wave generator. The cosine wave also exists at the same time, and no switching devices are required. The micro-AC waveform can be directly synthesized in sequence, and the charging and discharging protocol requirements can be superimposed and fitted according to the Fourier transform calculation.

[0050] The setting of the discharge circuit is not static. During use, the discharge circuit will have different structural settings according to different application scenarios.

[0051] The discharge circuits of the microcells are combined through semiconductor logic circuits to generate different waveforms, and the voltage waveform required for the output usage scenario is decomposed by Fourier transform into periodic waveforms of different frequencies, which contain the intensity and phase information of various frequency components. The above waveforms are output by combining different microcells, and after the waveforms of the microcells are output, they are merged into a single voltage output that meets the output usage scenario to adapt to different discharge usage scenarios.

[0052] In the control process, the amplitude of the corresponding waveform can be determined by the maximum number of micro-cells in series and parallel, the frequency of the output waveform can be determined by controlling the time of series and parallel, and the phase of the waveform can be determined by controlling the time of initial discharge. In the above content, after the required voltage waveform is decomposed into different waveforms, the voltage size at different times is determined. According to the voltage size at different times, the number of micro-cells in series or parallel or combined series and parallel is adjusted in real time to ensure the output of the corresponding voltage waveform. Figure 1 The voltage of different micro cells connected in series on the lower side of the left waveform is shown to form Figure 2 Positive voltage waveform. The number of microcells is related to the value of the current voltage waveform. The more microcells there are, the larger the value of the voltage waveform is, which is positively correlated. The frequency is related to the time of gradual discharge. The shorter the cycle discharge time, the smaller the frequency is, which is negatively correlated. The phase is related to the initial discharge time. The initial discharge time directly determines the waveform phase, which will not be elaborated here. The specific implementation process can be operated by those skilled in the art according to the above disclosure, which will not be elaborated here.

[0053] For microcells, they are divided into main storage area and backup storage area, and remapping similar to computer file system is adopted. The BMS management system will map damaged sectors (energy storage units) to spare sectors (backup storage area) to ensure the integrity of data (waveform).

[0054] Fourier transform is a linear transformation, usually defined as an integral transform. The basic idea is that a function can be approximated by a linear combination of an infinite number of periodic functions (countable or uncountable, the countable case corresponds to the Fourier series), so that these combination coefficients directly reflect the "frequency domain characteristics" of the function while retaining almost all the information of the original function. The physical meaning of Fourier transform is that it can decompose a signal into sinusoidal components of different frequencies, thereby revealing the intensity and phase information of various frequency components contained in the signal. Through Fourier transform, the spectrum of the signal can be obtained, that is, the energy distribution of the signal at different frequencies.

[0055] The Fourier transform is a mathematical tool that can decompose a complex function into a series of simple sine or cosine waves. These sine or cosine waves have different frequencies and amplitudes. In other words, the Fourier transform can convert a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, allowing us to see more clearly which frequency components are contained in the signal.

[0056] The output waveform voltage signal of the microcell in a single area can form a periodic sine and cosine waveform, wherein the voltage signal of a simple series combination of microcells is collected in the time domain space, and is defined as a source periodic function such as a sine (cosine) wave. Figure 2 The required waveform is formed by linear superposition of Fourier transform

[0057] The Fourier transform is a mathematical tool that converts a time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal, which reveals the frequency content of the signal.

[0058] Continuous Fourier transform formula:

[0059] For a time function f(t), its Fourier transform F(ω) is defined as:

[0060]

[0061] in:

[0062] F(ω): frequency domain function, representing the amplitude and phase of the signal at different frequencies ω.

[0063] ω: angular frequency, expressed in radians per unit time.

[0064] i: imaginary unit.

[0065] t: time variable.

[0066] Inverse Fourier Transform

[0067] The process of restoring the original function f(t) from the frequency domain function F(ω) is called the inverse Fourier transform, and its formula is:

[0068]

[0069] In this embodiment, the final voltage waveform required is to combine the waveforms of different micro-cells through the linear superposition principle to form an output waveform. In the linear superposition principle, in a linear system, the response generated by multiple input signals is equal to the sum of the responses generated by each input signal alone. Fourier transform uses this principle.

[0070] In this embodiment, the power management system obtains the required voltage waveform through Fourier transform, and decomposes the required voltage waveform into a superposition of a series of sine waves when the required voltage waveform is any periodic signal. When the required voltage waveform is a non-periodic signal, the voltage waveform can be regarded as a periodic signal with a period tending to infinity, so as to be analyzed by Fourier transform, decomposed into different waveforms through the correlation analysis results, and the above waveforms are merged and fitted using micro-cells.

[0071] The specific process of generating the output voltage waveform in this embodiment is as follows:

[0072] Decomposition: Decompose a required voltage waveform, i.e. a complex waveform, into numerous sinusoidal waves of different frequencies, amplitudes and phases, and control the microcells through semiconductor logic circuits to generate the above-decomposed waveforms.

[0073] Superposition: By superimposing these decomposed sinusoidal waves, that is, the waveforms generated by the micro-cells in each area, in a certain proportion, the original complex waveform, that is, the output voltage waveform, can be restored.

[0074] When the required voltage waveform presents any periodic signal:

[0075] Any voltage waveform can be viewed as a periodic function and can be expressed as a linear combination of a series of sine and cosine functions.

[0076] For a function f(t) with a period of T, its Fourier series expansion is:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, ω0=2π / T is the fundamental angular frequency, a n and b n is the Fourier coefficient, which represents the amplitude of sine waves and cosine waves of different frequencies. a0 represents the DC component, which reflects the average value of the function. n represents the number of harmonics, which is a positive integer.

[0079] The high voltage corresponding to the required voltage waveform is nothing more than superimposing more amplitudes. The frequency and phase can also be superimposed through calculation to achieve a result that meets the requirements.

[0080] As long as the required voltage waveform is a periodic function, it can be expanded through Fourier series, and the amplitude, frequency and phase are all expressed as a linear combination of a series of sine functions and cosine functions.

[0081] Current electric vehicles, aircraft, grid-connected power voltage waveforms, etc. are all periodic functions, which can be easily fitted using Fourier series expansion.

[0082] For example: Figure 3 As shown, assuming that the required voltage waveform is a square wave signal, it looks like a sawtooth waveform. Through Fourier transform, this square wave can be decomposed into a superposition of a series of odd harmonics (frequency is an odd multiple of the fundamental frequency) of sine waves. The amplitude of these sine waves decays according to a certain rule. When these sine waves are superimposed, the original square wave signal can be reconstructed.

[0083] When the required voltage waveform presents a non-periodic signal:

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure 1, non-periodic signal functions cannot be directly represented by Fourier series. However, non-periodic functions can be regarded as periodic functions whose period tends to infinity.

[0085] Periodic extension: The non-periodic function f(t) is periodically extended to obtain a periodic function fT(t).

[0086] Fourier series expansion: Perform Fourier series expansion on fT(t).

[0087] The period tends to infinity: When the period T tends to infinity, the discrete frequency components in the Fourier series gradually become dense and eventually form a continuous spectrum.

[0088] f T The Fourier series expansion of (t) is written in complex form:

[0089]

[0090] Where Cn is the complex Fourier coefficient.

[0091] As the period T tends to infinity, ω0 tends to 0, let the frequency ω = nω0, then the above formula becomes:

[0092]

[0093] in:

[0094] F(ω)=Σ[C n δ(ω-nω0)] is the Fourier transform of f(t).

[0095] δ(ω) is the Dirac delta function.

[0096] Cn: Complex Fourier coefficient, including amplitude and phase information.

[0097] ω0=2π / T: fundamental angular frequency, n: harmonic order, i: imaginary unit.

[0098] Relationship between phase, amplitude, frequency and complex Fourier coefficients

[0099] |Cn|: represents the amplitude of the nth harmonic.

[0100] φn: represents the phase of the nth harmonic.

[0101] Amplitude |Cn|: directly corresponds to the modulus of the complex Fourier coefficient, indicating the proportion of the harmonic in the original function. The larger the amplitude, the stronger the frequency component.

[0102] Phase φn: corresponds to the argument of the complex Fourier coefficient, indicating the phase offset of the harmonic relative to the fundamental wave.

[0103] The phase determines the initial phase of the harmonic, that is, the starting position on the time axis.

[0104] Frequency n*ω0: Determined by the harmonic order n and the fundamental frequency angular frequency ω0. n represents the harmonic order, ω0 represents the fundamental frequency angular frequency, so n*ω0 represents the angular frequency of the nth harmonic.

[0105] The input is the angular frequency ω0 of the fundamental frequency, including the voltage value of the micro-unit as the amplitude |C0|; each harmonic can be regarded as a rotating vector, whose length is the amplitude |Cn|, the angular velocity of rotation is n*ω0, and the initial phase is φn. All these rotating vectors are synthesized on the complex plane to obtain the original function fT(t).

[0106] The amplitude of the synthesized waveform is determined by the modulus of the complex Fourier coefficients, the phase of the synthesized waveform is determined by the angle of the complex Fourier coefficients, and the frequency of the synthesized waveform is determined by the harmonic order n and the fundamental angular frequency ω0. Therefore, the complex Fourier coefficient Cn contains all the spectral information of the synthesized waveform, that is, the amplitude, phase and frequency of each harmonic. The algorithms for calculating the Fourier coefficient Cn include direct integration method, fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, numerical integration method, etc.; MATLAB provides a rich function library, such as fft, ifft, etc., which can easily implement FFT transformation; the fft function in the NumPy library in Python can perform fast Fourier transform; C / C++ can also use FFT library (such as FFTW) for implementation. The implementation is not difficult. You can choose the appropriate Fourier series complex form calculation algorithm according to the specific demand scenario. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the nature of the function, the calculation accuracy requirements, the amount of data and the calculation resources, etc., and implement it through reasonable selection of algorithms and programming.

[0107] like Figure 4 Through the above content, the required voltage waveform can be decomposed into different waveforms, and micro cells can be used for fitting. Millions of micro cells in the present invention can accurately fit 50 / 60hz or multiple 50 / 60hz sine (cosine) waves, and then accurately synthesize various waveforms according to the Fourier transform principle. It can also accept soft compilation to synthesize customer-customized waveforms, thereby outputting various required power waveforms.

[0108] Since BMS controls microcells similar to computer storage units, it achieves decoupling at the microcell level, which fundamentally solves the short-board effect of capacity decay of the entire battery pack or the entire battery cluster caused by the decay of single cells. It can also use a method similar to that of a computer storage unit management system to shut down the control loop of each microcell in a very short time and reduce the voltage to a safe voltage, making it safer.

[0109] In addition, the output waveform is similar to the signal processing principle. By using Fourier transform, the cell voltage signal is collected in the time domain and space and defined as a source periodic function such as a sine (cosine) wave. The source periodic function is then used to perform linear combination approximation fitting on the required current output signal, thereby avoiding and saving the purchase of different inverters for various application scenarios. This allows a battery pack to simultaneously output DC, AC or three-phase AC, or even current signals with various complex protocol waveforms.

[0110] Since the technical solution provided by the present invention can fit different waveforms and can be applied to different environments, it has a wide range of applications. It can be used for the direct output of different modules of electric vehicles and electric aircraft, such as high and low voltage systems or AC and DC modules; it can also be used for various energy storage such as wind and solar power generation, which can be directly connected to the grid and output according to scheduling.

[0111] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power management system based on micro-cells, characterized in that: A power source is connected, wherein the power source includes a semiconductor logic circuit and a plurality of micro-cells; the micro-cells are connected via the semiconductor logic circuit; The power management system is used to control the semiconductor logic circuit to obtain a charging route and a discharging route of the micro-cell, wherein the micro-cell is charged through the charging route and the micro-cell is discharged through the discharging route; During the charging and discharging process, the power management system is also used to remove the micro-cells with attenuation from the corresponding circuits; During the discharge process, the power management system is also used to control the microcell to generate a plurality of voltage waveform signals by controlling the discharge circuit and to combine the plurality of voltage waveform signals to output a final voltage signal.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of the microcells is more than 100,000.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The charging circuit is a full-mesh structure, in which each microcell is connected to the adjacent microcell through an open circuit of a semiconductor logic circuit.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The micro-cells are arranged in an array.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that During the charging process, the attenuation information of the microcell is collected by the power management system, and it is determined whether there are microcells with attenuation based on the attenuation information. When there are microcells with attenuation, the semiconductor logic circuit is controlled to open the circuits connected to the microcells with attenuation to remove the microcells with attenuation from the charging circuit.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that During the discharge process, the attenuation information of the microcell is collected by the power management system, and it is determined whether there are microcells with attenuation based on the attenuation information. When there are microcells with attenuation, the semiconductor logic circuit is controlled to open the circuits connected to the microcells with attenuation, and other microcells are used for additional waveform compensation to remove the microcells with attenuation from the discharge circuit.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The power management system is also used to collect a required voltage waveform, wherein the required voltage waveform is a voltage waveform adapted to the usage scenario.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that During the discharge process, the power management system decomposes the required voltage waveform through Fourier analysis according to the required voltage waveform, controls the discharge circuit to control the micro-cell to generate the decomposed voltage waveform signal, and merges the voltage waveform signals to output the final voltage signal.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The usage scenarios include electric vehicles, aircraft and grid-connected power supply.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The required voltage waveform is a periodic signal or a non-periodic signal.

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