A maximum power point tracking circuit and method for a DC-DC converter

Abstract

The present application relates to a maximum power point tracking circuit and method for a DC-DC converter. A maximum power point tracking circuit for a DC-DC converter includes a main control module and a DC-DC conversion module. The control signal output end of the main control module is connected to the control signal input end of the current amplification module, and the control signal output end of the current amplification module is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module. The main control module generates corresponding control signals according to the change difference of the input voltage and transmits them to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output end of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs corresponding output current according to the control signals, and the main control module determines whether to continue generating control signals according to the change trend of the output current. By introducing the cooperation mechanism of the main control module, the current amplification module and the DC-DC conversion module, the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode is improved, and the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode is also taken into account, realizing the adaptive control of different power supply types.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of maximum power tracking of converters, and more particularly to a maximum power point tracking circuit and method for a DC-DC converter. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of the photovoltaic energy storage industry, solar charging technology has been widely used. In order to maximize the power generation efficiency of solar panels, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method is usually adopted to make the solar panels always work at the optimal power output state. In the MPPT system, common control chips can be divided into two categories: analog chips and digital chips. The advantage of analog chips lies in their hardware implementation. Functions such as overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, and overvoltage protection are all built into the chips, with fast response speed and no risk of crashing. However, the functions of analog chips are usually fixed and lack flexibility. For example, some analog-controlled DC-DC converters only support maximum power point tracking within a specific input voltage range (such as 36 - 48 volts). If the output voltage of the solar panel exceeds this range, efficient MPPT control cannot be achieved. In contrast, digital chips have high flexibility and customizability. Through programming, digital chips can implement various functions and be optimized for different application requirements. However, compared with analog chips, the reliability of digital chips is slightly insufficient, and there is a possibility of algorithm failure;

[0003] In practical applications, the output voltage of solar panels fluctuates greatly due to changes in external conditions such as light intensity and temperature, and the voltage range may cover 12 - 56 volts or even a wider range. To adapt to this dynamic characteristic of solar panels, the control chip of the DC-DC converter needs to have higher adaptability and flexibility to ensure that the system can achieve efficient MPPT control within a wider input voltage range. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problems of insufficient adaptability of analog chips and lack of reliability of digital chips in the prior art, the present application provides a maximum power point tracking circuit and method for a DC-DC converter.

[0005] A maximum power point tracking circuit for a DC-DC converter. The maximum power point tracking circuit for the DC-DC converter includes a main control module, a current amplification module, and a DC-DC conversion module. The power input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a power supply, the power output terminal of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a load, the first signal acquisition terminal of the main control module is used to acquire the input voltage of the power supply in real time, the enable signal output terminal of the main control module is connected to the enable signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, the control signal output terminal of the main control module is connected to the control signal input terminal of the current amplification module, the control signal output terminal of the current amplification module is connected to the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the power output terminal of the DC-DC conversion module and the load is connected to the second signal acquisition terminal of the main control module for acquiring the output current of the DC-DC conversion module in real time;

[0006] When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the enable signal output through the enable signal output terminal of the main control module turns on the DC-DC conversion module. The main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference of the input voltage and transmits it to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output terminal of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs a corresponding output current according to the control signal. The main control module determines whether to continue generating the control signal according to the change trend of the output current, and then controls the DC-DC conversion module to output the corresponding output current at the maximum power.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, through the introduction of the cooperation mechanism of the main control module, current amplification module and DC-DC conversion module, the problems of fixed functions, insufficient adaptability of analog chips and poor reliability of digital chips in the prior art are successfully solved, and at the same time, the different power supply characteristics of significant dynamic changes in the voltage of solar panels and relatively stable voltage of ordinary constant voltage power supplies are addressed. The key lies in that the main control module collects the input voltage and output current in real time, and uses the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage change to judge the type of peripheral power supply. If the input voltage shows obvious dynamic fluctuations, the main control module can accurately identify that the peripheral is a solar panel power supply, generate corresponding control signals, and dynamically adjust the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the perturbation observation method to find the maximum power point of the solar panel; if the input voltage is stable, the main control module determines it as a constant voltage power supply and directly controls the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system; this tracking method breaks the limitation of the fixed voltage range of traditional analog chips, significantly enhances the adaptability of the system within a wider input voltage range, especially under the condition that the voltage of the solar panel fluctuates due to light or temperature changes, it can respond quickly and flexibly, avoiding the failure of maximum power point tracking caused by exceeding the voltage range limit. In addition, the current amplification module plays an accurate amplification role in signal transmission, ensuring that the control signals generated by the main control module can be efficiently and stably transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module, thereby further improving the reliability and regulation accuracy of the system. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode but also takes into account the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode, realizing the adaptive control of different power supply types, thus solving the core problems of insufficient adaptability and reliability in the prior art.

[0008] Preferably, the current amplification module includes an operational amplifier chip U1, resistors Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, capacitors Ca1 and Ca2. The first end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the control signal output end of the main control module, the second end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of the resistor Ra2, the second end of the resistor Ra2 is connected to the positive input end of the first channel of the operational amplifier chip U1, a common node between the second end of the resistor Ra1 and the first end of the resistor Ra2 is connected to the ground through the capacitor Ca1, a common node between the second end of the resistor Ra2 and the positive input end of the first channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the ground through the capacitor Ca2, the first end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the output end of the first channel of the operational amplifier chip U1, the second end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and a common node between the first end of the resistor Ra3 and the output end of the first channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the negative input end of the first channel of the operational amplifier chip U1.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, through the signal processing network composed of the operational amplifier chip U1 and peripheral resistors and capacitors in the current amplification module, the control signal output by the main control module can be accurately amplified, so as to achieve high-precision signal transmission and ensure the control accuracy of the DC-DC conversion module; through the filter network constructed between the resistor Ra1 and the capacitor Ca1, the high-frequency noise in the signal can be filtered out, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the current amplification module.

[0010] Preferably, the current amplification module further includes a resistor Ra4. The first end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module. The second end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the output end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The common node between the second end of the resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the positive input end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The negative input end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the second end of the resistor Ra4.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, through the feedback network composed of the feedback resistor Ra4 in the current amplification module and the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1, the feedback signal of the main control module can be monitored and adjusted in real time, thereby further improving the accuracy of the control signal; by introducing the feedback loop, the distortion and drift in signal transmission can be effectively avoided, thereby enhancing the regulation performance of the entire system.

[0012] Preferably, the DC-DC conversion module includes a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit. The power input end of the switch management unit is connected to the power supply. The power output end of the switch management unit outputs power for power supply. The enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output end of the main control module. The control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output end of the current amplification module. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input end of the switch management unit to adjust the output current by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, through the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the switch management unit included in the DC-DC conversion module, the efficient conversion of the input voltage to the load demand can be realized, thereby improving the power utilization rate; by connecting the enable signal output end of the main control module to the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, the DC-DC conversion module can be quickly started when the input voltage meets the conditions, thereby ensuring the response speed and adaptability of the system; by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit through the switch signal output end of the DC-DC chip U4, the output current can be dynamically adjusted, thereby realizing precise power supply to the load.

[0014] Preferably, the switch management unit includes an inductor L1, a first MOS transistor M1, a second MOS transistor M4, a third MOS transistor M3, and a fourth MOS transistor M2. The first switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The common node between the first switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first conducting end of the first MOS transistor M1 on the one hand and the first conducting end of the second MOS transistor M4 on the other hand. The second conducting end of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to the power supply, and the second conducting end of the second MOS transistor M4 is connected to the power supply. The common node between the second end of the inductor L1 and the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first conducting end of the third MOS transistor M3 on the one hand and the first conducting end of the fourth MOS transistor M2 on the other hand. The second conducting end of the third MOS transistor M3 is combined with the power supply and the second conducting end of the second MOS transistor M4 to output power for power supply. The switch signal output terminals of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 include a first switch port connected to the controlled end of the first MOS transistor M1, a second switch port connected to the controlled end of the second MOS transistor M4, a third switch port connected to the controlled end of the third MOS transistor M3, and a fourth switch port connected to the controlled end of the fourth MOS transistor M2.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, through the cooperation of the inductor L1 and the four MOS transistors in the switch management unit, efficient energy transfer and dynamic adjustment of the output current can be achieved, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the system; through the series and parallel configuration of the MOS transistors, the switching loss can be reduced and a larger current output can be supported, thereby improving the power density and reliability of the DC-DC conversion module.

[0016] Preferably, a resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled end of the first MOS transistor M1, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled end of the second MOS transistor M4, a resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled end of the third MOS transistor M3, the controlled end of the third MOS transistor M3 is connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, a resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled end of the fourth MOS transistor M2, and a resistor R14 is connected between the controlled end of the fourth MOS transistor M2 and the ground.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, by introducing current-limiting resistors R3, R9, R4, and R8 between the switch port and the controlled end of the MOS transistor, the impact of the switching current can be effectively limited, thereby protecting the MOS transistor from overcurrent damage and improving the stability and lifespan of the system; by appropriately selecting the values of the current-limiting resistors, the influence of parasitic parameters on the switching process can be reduced, thereby improving the electrical performance of the system.

[0018] Preferably, the DC-DC conversion module further includes a feedback acquisition network, and the feedback acquisition network includes resistors R11, R20, and R30. The first end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit, the second end of the resistor R11 is connected to the first end of the resistor R20, the second end of the resistor R20 is connected to the first end of the resistor R30, the second end of the resistor R30 is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the resistor R20 and the first end of the resistor R30 is connected to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, through the voltage division configuration of the resistors R11, R20, and R30 in the feedback acquisition network, the output voltage can be accurately acquired and fed back to the DC-DC conversion chip U4, thereby realizing the closed-loop control of the output voltage; through the design of the voltage division ratio of the feedback acquisition network, the damage to the input end of the chip caused by the direct transmission of high-voltage signals can be avoided, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0020] Preferably, the maximum power point tracking circuit of the DC-DC converter further includes a signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module includes resistors R12, R7, and R25. The first end of the resistor R7 is connected to the power supply, the second end of the resistor R7 is connected to the first end of the resistor R25, the second end of the resistor R25 is grounded, the common node between the second end of the resistor R7 and the first end of the resistor R25 is connected to the first end of the resistor R12, and the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, through the signal processing network composed of the resistors R7, R25, and R12 in the signal acquisition module, the input voltage can be accurately acquired and transmitted to the main control module, thereby providing reliable input data for subsequent power supply type judgment and control; through the resistor voltage division design of the signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition end of the main control module can be effectively protected from damage caused by high-voltage input, thereby improving the durability and stability of the system.

[0022] A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter, which is applied to a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter. The maximum power point tracking method for the DC-DC converter includes:

[0023] Obtain the input voltage in real time, and determine whether the input voltage falls within a determined preset voltage range. If it does not fall within the range, continue to judge;

[0024] If it falls within the range, determine the input voltage at the current moment as the initial reference voltage, record the current moment as the initial moment, and control the main control module to send an enabling signal to turn on the DC-DC conversion module;

[0025] Determine one or more sampling periods, and obtain the real-time input voltage at the sampling moment in real time. The sampling moment is the time point collected after the sampling period since the initial moment;

[0026] According to the comparison result between the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage, determine the type of peripheral power supply. The type of peripheral power supply includes at least a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply;

[0027] If the type of peripheral power supply is a constant voltage power supply, control the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module to make the DC-DC conversion module output a fixed output current;

[0028] If the type of peripheral power supply is a solar panel power supply, control the main control module to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module to make the DC-DC conversion module output different output currents. The main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply works at the maximum power point according to different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, by obtaining the input voltage in real time and judging whether it falls within the preset threshold range, it can ensure that the DC-DC conversion module starts under suitable input conditions, thereby avoiding system instability caused by abnormal input voltage; by judging the type of peripheral power supply according to the change characteristics of the input voltage, it can accurately distinguish between the solar panel power supply and the constant voltage power supply, thereby providing a basis for the selection of subsequent control strategies; by adopting a dynamic perturbation observation control strategy for the solar panel power supply, it can quickly track and lock the maximum power point, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel.

[0030] Preferably, if the external power supply type is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents. In the step that the main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point according to different output currents, and further determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module, the second control signal at least includes an initial control signal and a perturbation control signal, including:

[0031] If the external power supply type is a solar panel power supply, control the main control module to send an initial control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and obtain the initial output current correspondingly output after being adjusted by the initial control signal;

[0032] Determine the perturbation period, and obtain the real-time output current at the perturbation moment in real time. The perturbation moment is the time point when perturbation is performed after the perturbation period from the moment when the initial control signal is sent.

[0033] Based on the initial output current, determine the corresponding initial power. Based on the real-time output current, determine the corresponding real-time power, and judge whether the initial power is greater than the real-time power;

[0034] If the initial power is less than the real-time power, determine the real-time power as the new initial power, and re-obtain the new real-time power to judge it with the new initial power until the new initial power is greater than or equal to the new real-time power;

[0035] If the initial power is greater than or equal to the real-time power, determine the initial output current corresponding to the initial power as the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solutions, by sending an initial control signal and obtaining the corresponding initial output current, a reference benchmark can be provided for subsequent perturbation control, thereby improving the convergence speed and efficiency of the perturbation observation method; by determining the perturbation period and obtaining the real-time output current at the perturbation moment in real time, the rhythm of power point search can be dynamically adjusted, thereby ensuring the stability of the system; by comparing the initial power and the real-time power and iteratively optimizing, the maximum power point can be gradually approached, thereby realizing the efficient power generation of the solar panel in a dynamic environment.

[0037] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0038] 1. By introducing a cooperation mechanism among the main control module, current amplification module, and DC-DC conversion module, this application successfully solves the problems of fixed functions, insufficient adaptability of analog chips, and poor reliability of digital chips in the prior art. At the same time, it addresses the different power supply characteristics of significant voltage dynamic changes in solar panels and relatively stable voltages in ordinary constant voltage power supplies. The key lies in the main control module's real-time acquisition of the input voltage and output current, and the use of the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage change to determine the type of peripheral power supply. If the input voltage shows obvious dynamic fluctuations, the main control module can accurately identify that the peripheral is a solar panel power supply, generate corresponding control signals, and dynamically adjust the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the perturbation observation method to find the maximum power point of the solar panel; if the input voltage is stable, the main control module determines it as a constant voltage power supply and directly controls the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system;

[0039] 2. This tracking method breaks the limitation of the fixed voltage range of traditional analog chips, significantly enhances the system's adaptability in a wider input voltage range, especially under the conditions where the voltage of the solar panel fluctuates due to changes in light or temperature, and can respond quickly and flexibly to avoid the failure of maximum power point tracking caused by exceeding the voltage range. In addition, the current amplification module plays an accurate amplification role in signal transmission, ensuring that the control signals generated by the main control module can be transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module efficiently and stably, thereby further improving the reliability and regulation accuracy of the system. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode but also takes into account the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode, realizing the adaptive control of different power supply types, thus solving the core problems of insufficient adaptability and reliability in the prior art. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 is a flow block diagram of a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 2 is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the main control module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the current amplification module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 4 is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the peripheral circuits of the DC-DC conversion chip of the DC-DC conversion module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 5It is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the switch management unit of the DC-DC conversion module in the maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a flowchart of a method for maximum power point tracking of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 7 It is a flowchart for implementing step S60 in a method for maximum power point tracking of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] In an embodiment, as Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, the present application discloses a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter includes a main control module, a current amplification module, and a DC-DC conversion module. The power input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a power supply, the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a load, the first signal acquisition end of the main control module is used to collect the input voltage of the power supply in real time, the enable signal output end of the main control module is connected to the enable signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, the control signal output end of the main control module is connected to the control signal input end of the current amplification module, the control signal output end of the current amplification module is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module and the load is connected to the second signal acquisition end of the main control module to be used for collecting the output current of the DC-DC conversion module in real time;

[0049] When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the enable signal output through the enable signal output end of the main control module turns on the DC-DC conversion module. The main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference of the input voltage, and transmits it to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output end of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs a corresponding output current according to the control signal. The main control module determines whether to continue generating the control signal according to the change trend of the output current, and further controls the DC-DC conversion module to output the corresponding output current with the maximum power.

[0050] In this embodiment, the functions of the main control module, the current amplification module, and the DC-DC conversion module complement each other. Through the connection of their respective signal input and output ports, a complete control logic capable of achieving maximum power point tracking is formed. The main control module first receives the input voltage signal from the power supply through the first signal acquisition terminal. This signal is used to monitor the operating state of the external power supply in real time and determine whether the current input voltage meets the set working conditions. After meeting the conditions, the enable signal output terminal of the main control module sends an enable signal to the enable signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, instructing the DC-DC conversion module to start working and complete the basic startup function. The main control module generates a control signal according to the dynamic change of the input voltage. This signal is transmitted from the control signal output terminal of the main control module to the control signal input terminal of the current amplification module. In the current amplification module, the control signal is amplified and processed through the operational amplifier and its peripheral components to ensure the accuracy and stability of the signal. The amplified control signal is output from the control signal output terminal of the current amplification module and transmitted to the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module. This design ensures that the control signal output by the main control module can be stably transmitted and can adapt to the actual needs of the DC-DC conversion module. After receiving the processed control signal, the DC-DC conversion module adjusts its internal conversion circuit according to this signal and controls the magnitude of the output current to match the needs of the external load. At the same time, the power output terminal of the DC-DC conversion module also feeds back the real-time output current signal to the second signal acquisition terminal of the main control module through the common node with the load. The main control module adjusts the control signal according to the output current feedback signal received by the second signal acquisition terminal and the dynamic change trend of the input voltage signal to gradually approach and lock the maximum power point of the solar panel power supply. In the entire control logic, the core role of the main control module is to analyze the real-time dynamic changes of the input voltage and output current and generate appropriate control signals to achieve maximum power point tracking. The role of the current amplification module is to amplify and stabilize the control signal to ensure that the signal is not interfered or distorted during transmission. The DC-DC conversion module adjusts the output current by receiving the amplified control signal and at the same time feeds back the output current signal for the main control module to reference. The signal interaction among the three forms a closed-loop control system, enabling the circuit to efficiently track and lock the maximum power point, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency and system stability.

[0051] Specifically, the core mechanism for differentiating between a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply lies in the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage. Through real-time monitoring of the input voltage by the main control module and calculation of the change difference, a judgment is made in combination with the typical characteristics of different power supplies. Specifically, there are significant differences in the fluctuation behavior of the input voltage between the solar panel power supply and the constant voltage power supply: the input voltage of the solar panel power supply will exhibit dynamic fluctuations due to changes in external environmental conditions such as light intensity and temperature, while the input voltage of the constant voltage power supply is relatively stable and will not change significantly with environmental factors; the specific process of differentiation depends on the real-time monitoring of the input voltage by the first signal acquisition terminal of the main control module. When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the main control module will continuously collect the input voltage signal and record the initial reference voltage at the current moment. Next, the main control module compares the input voltage data collected within one or more sampling periods with the initial reference voltage. If it is found that there are obvious fluctuation characteristics in the input voltage within the sampling period, it indicates that the external power supply may be a solar panel power supply; if the input voltage remains stable within the sampling period and the fluctuation amplitude is small, it can be judged as a constant voltage power supply. This judgment mechanism identifies the power supply type through the dynamic change characteristics of the input voltage; once the power supply type is judged, the main control module will adopt different control strategies according to the result. If it is judged as a constant voltage power supply, the main control module will send a control signal of a fixed output current to the DC-DC conversion module to make it output a constant current to ensure the stable operation of the load. If it is judged as a solar panel power supply, the main control module will start the maximum power point tracking strategy based on the perturbation observation method, send a dynamically changing control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and continuously adjust the output current to track and lock the maximum power point; this design can accurately differentiate between a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply through real-time monitoring of the input voltage and analysis of its dynamic characteristics, and implement appropriate control strategies for different types of power supplies. This not only improves the adaptability of the system to different power supply environments, but also ensures the efficient power generation of the solar panel power supply and the stable power supply of the constant voltage power supply.

[0052] In summary, by introducing the cooperation mechanism of the main control module, current amplification module, and DC-DC conversion module, the problems of fixed functions, insufficient adaptability of analog chips, and poor reliability of digital chips in the prior art are successfully solved. At the same time, it can cope with the different power supply characteristics of significant dynamic changes in the power supply voltage of solar panels and relatively stable voltage of ordinary constant voltage power supplies. The key lies in that the main control module collects the input voltage and output current in real time, and uses the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage change to judge the type of peripheral power supply. If the input voltage shows obvious dynamic fluctuations, the main control module can accurately identify that the peripheral is a solar panel power supply, generate corresponding control signals, and dynamically adjust the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the perturbation observation method to find the maximum power point of the solar panel; if the input voltage is stable, the main control module determines it as a constant voltage power supply and directly controls the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system. This tracking method breaks the limitation of the fixed voltage range of traditional analog chips and significantly enhances the adaptability of the system within a wider input voltage range. Especially under the condition that the voltage of the solar panel fluctuates due to changes in light or temperature, it can respond quickly and flexibly to avoid the failure of maximum power point tracking caused by exceeding the voltage range. In addition, the current amplification module plays an accurate amplification role in signal transmission, ensuring that the control signals generated by the main control module can be transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module efficiently and stably, thereby further improving the reliability and regulation accuracy of the system. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode but also takes into account the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode, realizing the adaptive control of different power supply types and thus solving the core problems of insufficient adaptability and reliability in the prior art.

[0053] Further, as Figure 3 shown, the current amplification module includes an operational amplifier chip U1, resistors Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, capacitors Ca1 and Ca2. The first end of resistor Ra1 is connected to the control signal output end of the main control module. The second end of resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of resistor Ra2. The second end of resistor Ra2 is connected to the positive input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1. A capacitor Ca1 is connected between the common node between the second end of resistor Ra1 and the first end of resistor Ra2 and the ground. A capacitor Ca2 is connected between the common node between the second end of resistor Ra2 and the positive input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1 and the ground. The first end of resistor Ra3 is connected to the output terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1. The second end of resistor Ra3 is connected to the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module. The common node between the first end of resistor Ra3 and the output terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the negative input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1.

[0054] In this embodiment, in this circuit, the core function of the current amplification module is to amplify, filter, and stabilize the control signal output by the main control module, so as to ensure that the signal can be accurately transmitted to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, providing a reliable signal support for subsequent current regulation. The connection relationship and function of this module are composed of an operational amplifier chip U1 and peripheral resistors and capacitors, and closed-loop control and signal conditioning are achieved through reasonable layout. The control signal output end of the main control module is connected to the first end of resistor Ra1 to transmit the initial control signal. Resistor Ra1 mainly plays a role in current limiting in this design, preventing the control signal directly output by the main control module from interfering with the subsequent signal processing link due to voltage or current mutation. The second end of resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of resistor Ra2. This node serves as a signal transition point and is also connected to capacitor Ca1 grounded. The main function of capacitor Ca1 here is to filter the signal, removing high-frequency noise in the control signal to ensure that the transmitted signal is more stable. After the signal is transmitted from the first end of resistor Ra2 to the second end, it is input to the positive input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1. The main function of resistor Ra2 is to provide voltage distribution of the signal, cooperating with operational amplifier chip U1 to achieve further processing of the signal. At the same time, capacitor Ca2 connected between the second end of resistor Ra2 and the ground further filters the signal, further suppressing possible high-frequency noise or voltage spikes, thereby improving the purity and reliability of the signal. Operational amplifier chip U1 receives the signal transmitted from resistor Ra2 and compares it between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of its first channel. During this process, the negative input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the first channel of U1 through a feedback loop, forming a negative feedback network. This negative feedback loop includes resistor Ra3 connected between the output terminal and the negative input terminal of U1. The role of resistor Ra3 is to set the gain of the operational amplifier, making the output signal have a linear amplification characteristic. Through this design, U1 can amplify the input signal and at the same time suppress the instability caused by temperature change or signal noise, ensuring the accuracy of the output signal. The output terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1 is directly connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module through resistor Ra3. This connection relationship ensures that the amplified signal can be directly transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module, thereby dynamically adjusting the working state of the DC-DC conversion module. Through this design, the entire current amplification module realizes the amplification and stable processing of the control signal, ensuring the reliability of the signal output by the main control module, and providing strong support for the accurate current control of the subsequent DC-DC conversion module. Generally speaking, the core role of the current amplification module is to accurately process the control signal output by the main control module. Through functions such as filtering, current limiting, amplification, and feedback, it ensures the stability and reliability of signal transmission.The reasonable layout and connection relationship of each component enable the entire module to cooperate seamlessly with the main control module and the DC-DC conversion module, thereby laying a foundation for the efficient operation of the entire system.

[0055] In summary, through the signal processing network composed of the operational amplifier chip U1 and the peripheral resistors and capacitors in the current amplification module, the control signal output by the main control module can be accurately amplified, thereby achieving high-precision signal transmission and ensuring the control accuracy of the DC-DC conversion module; through the filter network constructed between the resistor Ra1 and the capacitor Ca1, the high-frequency noise in the signal can be filtered out, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the current amplification module.

[0056] Furthermore, as Figure 3 shown, the current amplification module further includes a resistor Ra4. The first end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module, the second end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the output end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1, and the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the positive input end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The negative input end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the second end of the resistor Ra4.

[0057] In this embodiment, the connection relationship between the introduction of resistor Ra4 and the second channel of operational amplifier chip U1 enhances the signal feedback ability of the entire module, providing an important guarantee for the accuracy of the control signal and the closed-loop regulation of the system. The first end of resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input terminal of the main control module, responsible for transmitting the processed feedback signal from the operational amplifier module back to the main control module for the main control module to monitor and optimize the control logic in real time. Through this connection, the main control module can grasp the state of the current control signal in real time, thereby dynamically adjusting its output control strategy to ensure that the system operates in the best state. The second end of resistor Ra4 is connected to the output terminal of the second channel of operational amplifier chip U1, forming a bridge from the signal output to the feedback signal. The second channel of operational amplifier chip U1 plays a key role in processing and regulating the feedback signal in this design. By real-time monitoring and processing of the output signal, the design of the second channel ensures the stability and accuracy of the feedback signal, providing reliable feedback data for the main control module. The common node between the second end of resistor Ra3 and the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module is directly connected to the positive input terminal of the second channel of operational amplifier chip U1. This connection relationship enables the second channel of the operational amplifier to directly sample the control signal. By real-time sampling the signal from the common node, the second channel of operational amplifier chip U1 can accurately analyze and process the changes in the control signal. Since this node contains both the processed control signal and directly affects the regulation state of the DC-DC conversion module, this design ensures the real-time performance and accuracy of the operational amplifier chip for the control signal. The negative input terminal of the second channel of operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the second end of resistor Ra4. This connection relationship is similar to the aforementioned negative feedback design, forming a negative feedback loop for the second channel. Through the negative feedback loop, the operational amplifier chip can dynamically compare the signals at the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal, and finally output a stable feedback signal. The introduction of the negative feedback loop effectively improves the linearity and signal amplification accuracy of the operational amplifier, while suppressing the instability caused by noise or input signal fluctuations. Overall, the current amplification module forms a closed-loop feedback mechanism through resistor Ra4 and the second channel of operational amplifier chip U1, achieving the dynamic regulation of the control signal and the efficient transmission of the feedback signal. The second channel of the operational amplifier chip is responsible for real-time sampling and dynamic amplification of the common node signal, and transmits the processed signal to the main control module through resistor Ra4. Based on the change trend of the feedback signal, the main control module further optimizes its control logic, thereby forming a closed-loop control system. The core logic of this design lies in ensuring a high degree of consistency between the control signal and the feedback signal, enabling the DC-DC conversion module to maintain an efficient and stable operating state in a dynamic environment, and ultimately achieving high-precision and high-reliability regulation of the system.

[0058] In summary, through the feedback network formed by the feedback resistor Ra4 in the current amplification module and the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1, the feedback signal of the main control module can be monitored and adjusted in real time, thereby further improving the accuracy of the control signal; by introducing the feedback loop, the distortion and drift in signal transmission can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the regulation performance of the entire system.

[0059] Further, as Figure 4 - Figure 5 shown, the DC-DC conversion module includes a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit. The power input terminal of the switch management unit is connected to the power supply, and the power output terminal of the switch management unit outputs power for power supply. The enable terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the main control module, the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output terminal of the current amplification module, and the switch signal output terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input terminal of the switch management unit to adjust the output current by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit.

[0060] In this embodiment, the core components of the DC-DC conversion module include the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the switch management unit. These two parts complement each other and jointly complete the efficient conversion of the input power supply to the output power supply, and dynamically adjust the output current through the control signal to meet the load requirements. The power input terminal of the switch management unit is directly connected to the power supply, responsible for receiving the external power input, and providing basic power support for subsequent power conversion and regulation. At the same time, the power output terminal of the switch management unit serves as the final power output interface, and outputs the stable power supply processed by the DC-DC conversion chip and the switch management unit to the load to realize the power supply to the load. The enable terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output terminal of the main control module, which plays a role in controlling the start and stop of the DC-DC conversion module. After detecting that the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the main control module sends an enable signal to the enable terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 through the enable signal output terminal, indicating that the DC-DC conversion module starts to work. This design ensures that the DC-DC conversion module only works when the external power supply conditions are suitable, avoiding mis-start when the input voltage is abnormal or unstable, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the system. The control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output terminal of the current amplification module, and is used to receive the control signal generated by the main control module and processed by the current amplification module. This connection relationship enables the DC-DC conversion chip to dynamically adjust its working state according to the change of the control signal. The control signal usually carries the target information about current regulation. After receiving the control signal, the DC-DC conversion chip analyzes the signal through the internal circuit and outputs the corresponding switch signal to drive the switch management unit to achieve precise current control. The switch signal output terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input terminal of the switch management unit, and this connection constitutes the key link of signal control. The DC-DC conversion chip generates a high-frequency PWM switch signal according to the control signal and sends it to the switch signal input terminal of the switch management unit through the switch signal output terminal. The switch management unit controls the on and off states of the internal MOS transistor or other switch devices by receiving the switch signal to adjust the duty cycle of the output current. By dynamically adjusting the duty cycle, the switch management unit can precisely control the magnitude of the output current, thereby realizing the precise supply of electrical energy required by the load. This reflects the core role of the DC-DC conversion module in power conversion and dynamic regulation. The switch management unit, as the execution part of power conversion, is responsible for efficiently converting the input power supply into a stable output power supply, while the DC-DC conversion chip U4, as the control core, generates switch signals by receiving control signals and adjusts the working state of the switch management unit in real time. The enable signal of the main control module ensures the start and stop logic of the system, and the precise signal processing of the current amplification module further ensures the reliability of the control signal.This design architecture with clear division of labor and collaborative work enables the entire DC-DC conversion module to achieve efficient power conversion and precise current control under dynamic conditions, meet the requirements of complex load environments, and at the same time improve the adaptability and reliability of the system.

[0061] In summary, through the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the switch management unit included in the DC-DC conversion module, efficient conversion of the input voltage to the load demand can be achieved, thereby improving the power utilization efficiency; by connecting the enable signal output terminal of the main control module to the enable terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, the DC-DC conversion module can be quickly started when the input voltage meets the conditions, thereby ensuring the response speed and adaptability of the system; by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit through the switch signal output terminal of the DC-DC chip U4, the output current can be dynamically adjusted, thereby achieving precise power supply to the load.

[0062] Furthermore, as Figure 5 shown, the switch management unit includes an inductor L1, a first MOS transistor M1, a second MOS transistor M4, a third MOS transistor M3, and a fourth MOS transistor M2. The first switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The common node between the first switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first conduction end of the first MOS transistor M1 on the one hand and the first conduction end of the second MOS transistor M4 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to the power supply, and the second conduction end of the second MOS transistor M4 is connected to the power supply. The common node between the second end of the inductor L1 and the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first conduction end of the third MOS transistor M3 on the one hand and the first conduction end of the fourth MOS transistor M2 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the third MOS transistor M3 is combined with the power supply and the second conduction end of the second MOS transistor M4 to output power for power supply. The switch signal output terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 includes a first switch port connected to the controlled end of the first MOS transistor M1, a second switch port connected to the controlled end of the second MOS transistor M4, a third switch port connected to the controlled end of the third MOS transistor M3, and a fourth switch port connected to the controlled end of the fourth MOS transistor M2.

[0063] In this embodiment, the switch management unit realizes the efficient conversion of electrical energy and dynamic output regulation through the configuration of inductor L1 and four MOS transistors. The logical connection relationship of this module is closely related to the DC-DC conversion chip U4. By driving the on and off of the switching devices through the switching signal, the dynamic regulation and stable output of electrical energy are completed. Inductor L1 is the core component for energy transfer in this circuit. Its first end is connected to the first switching node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 to receive the energy input driven by the control signal from chip U4. The second end of inductor L1 is connected to the second switching node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, forming a closed path for energy transfer. During the operation of the circuit, the main function of inductor L1 is to store and release electrical energy, while smoothing the fluctuations of the output current to ensure the stability of the output current. The common node between the first end of inductor L1 and the first switching node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 serves as a key switching node, which is connected to the first conducting end of the first MOS transistor M1 and the first conducting end of the second MOS transistor M4. This design enables the first MOS transistor M1 and the second MOS transistor M4 to act as high-side switching devices, conducting or turning off at different times to control the energy flow. The second conducting end of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to the power supply to transfer the input electrical energy to the switching node; the second conducting end of the second MOS transistor M4 is also connected to the power supply, forming a high-side switching network in parallel with the first MOS transistor M1. The common node between the second end of inductor L1 and the second switching node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is also an important switching node, which is connected to the first conducting end of the third MOS transistor M3 on the one hand and the first conducting end of the fourth MOS transistor M2 on the other hand. The third MOS transistor M3 and the fourth MOS transistor M2 act as low-side switching devices, cooperating with the first MOS transistor M1 and the second MOS transistor M4 to complete the high-low side switching control of the circuit. The second conducting end of the third MOS transistor M3 is merged with the second conducting end of the second MOS transistor M4 to supply power to the output power supply. This design ensures that the path for energy to transfer from inductor L1 to the load can be switched under different switching states, thereby realizing the dynamic regulation of the output current. The switching signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 directly controls the controlled ends of the four MOS transistors, which are respectively connected to the controlled ends of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M4, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M2 through the first switching port, the second switching port, the third switching port, and the fourth switching port. Chip U4 generates high-frequency PWM signals according to the control signals provided by the main control module and the current amplification module. These PWM signals drive the on and off of the MOS transistors through the switching ports to control the transfer and distribution of electrical energy in the circuit.Specifically, when the first MOS transistor M1 and the fourth MOS transistor M2 are turned on, the inductor L1 is charged to store energy; when the second MOS transistor M4 and the third MOS transistor M3 are turned on, the inductor L1 releases energy to the load, thereby achieving the regulation of the output current. The entire design logic realizes the precise control of the power flow through the four MOS transistors in the switch management unit and completes the smoothing process of the output current through the inductor L1. The DC-DC conversion chip U4, as the core control unit, coordinates the working states of the four MOS transistors by outputting high-frequency switching signals, enabling the switch management unit to adjust the magnitude and stability of the output current according to the load demand. The function of this module not only lies in achieving the efficient conversion of the input electrical energy into the electrical energy required by the load, but also ensures the efficient operation and stable power supply of the system under various load conditions through the dynamic control mechanism.

[0064] In summary, through the cooperation of the inductor L1 and the four MOS transistors in the switch management unit, the efficient transfer of energy and the dynamic regulation of the output current can be achieved, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the system; through the series and parallel configurations of the MOS transistors, the switching losses can be reduced and a larger current output can be supported, thereby improving the power density and reliability of the DC-DC conversion module.

[0065] Furthermore, as Figure 5 shown, a resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled terminal of the first MOS transistor M1, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled terminal of the second MOS transistor M4, a resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled terminal of the third MOS transistor M3, the controlled terminal of the third MOS transistor M3 is connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, a resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2, and a resistor R14 is connected between the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2 and the ground.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first switch port, the second switch port, the third switch port, and the fourth switch port are respectively connected to the controlled terminals of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M4, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M2 through resistors R3, R9, R4, and R8. The addition of these resistors not only limits the current in signal transmission but also effectively suppresses the spike voltage or current that may be introduced during the switching process of the switching devices, thus ensuring the stability of the switching signal and the reliable operation of the MOS transistors. A resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled terminal of the first MOS transistor M1. This design ensures that the switching signal generated by the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is appropriately current-limited when transmitted to the controlled terminal of the first MOS transistor M1. The controlled terminal of the first MOS transistor M1 controls the conduction or cutoff of the first MOS transistor M1 in the circuit. The PWM signal transmitted through the first switch port controls the state of the first MOS transistor M1 to achieve the function of the high-side switch. Similarly, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled terminal of the second MOS transistor M4 to limit the current transmitted from the second switch port to the controlled terminal of the second MOS transistor M4. This design avoids signal distortion or noise interference during high-frequency switching, thus ensuring the stable operation of the second MOS transistor M4. A resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled terminal of the third MOS transistor M3, and the controlled terminal of the third MOS transistor M3 is further connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. This connection relationship enables the DC-DC conversion chip U4 to precisely control the conduction or cutoff state of the third MOS transistor M3 through the third switch port and the resistor R4. When the third MOS transistor M3 conducts, it forms a low-impedance path with the second end of the inductor L1 to release the energy stored in the inductor to the load. At the same time, the resistor R4 plays a role in current-limiting and stabilizing the control signal of the third MOS transistor M3, helping to suppress the high-frequency oscillation generated during the switching process. A resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2, and the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2 is also connected to the ground through a resistor R14. The resistor R8 limits the signal current transmitted from the fourth switch port to the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2 to protect the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2 from current impact. The introduction of the resistor R14 biases the fourth MOS transistor M2, causing the fourth MOS transistor M2 to remain cutoff when no control signal is received and suppressing the parasitic oscillation caused by the switch switching. The fourth MOS transistor M2 cooperates with the third MOS transistor M3 in the low-side switch network to regulate the release and recovery of the load current by precisely controlling its conduction time. Through the reasonable configuration of these resistors, a stable signal transmission path is formed, which not only ensures the integrity of the switching signal but also effectively protects the controlled terminals of the MOS transistors from the influence of high-frequency noise or current impact.This design logic makes full use of the characteristics of the switch management unit. The DC-DC conversion chip U4 controls the switching states of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M4, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M2 through four switch ports respectively, so as to achieve precise regulation of the energy in the inductor L1 and efficiently transfer the energy stored in the inductor to the load. In a dynamic environment, this precise control of the switching signal enables the system to achieve real-time adjustment of the output current while ensuring the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0067] In summary, by introducing the current-limiting resistors R3, R9, R4, and R8 between the switch port and the controlled end of the MOS transistor, the impact of the switching current can be effectively limited, thereby protecting the MOS transistor from overcurrent damage and improving the stability and lifespan of the system; by appropriately selecting the values of the current-limiting resistors, the influence of parasitic parameters on the switching process can be reduced, thereby improving the electrical performance of the system.

[0068] Furthermore, as Figure 5 shown, the DC-DC conversion module further includes a feedback acquisition network. The feedback acquisition network includes resistors R11, R20, and R30. The first end of resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit. The second end of resistor R11 is connected to the first end of resistor R20. The second end of resistor R20 is connected to the first end of resistor R30. The second end of resistor R30 is grounded. The common node between the second end of resistor R20 and the first end of resistor R30 is connected to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4.

[0069] In this embodiment, in the DC-DC conversion module, the feedback acquisition network realizes the real-time acquisition and feedback of the output voltage through the combination of resistor R11, resistor R20, and resistor R30, constituting the core of the closed-loop control of the entire system. The first end of resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit, enabling it to directly acquire the output voltage signal. This design ensures that the feedback acquisition network can obtain the true output voltage information, providing the basic data for subsequent signal processing and control. The second end of resistor R11 is connected to the first end of resistor R20, and this connection constitutes a signal voltage division network. Resistors R11 and R20 jointly divide the output voltage, and the adjusted signal voltage is determined by the voltage division ratio. The design of the voltage division network not only reduces the voltage amplitude directly fed back to the feedback terminal of DC-DC conversion chip U4 but also protects the feedback terminal of U4 from high-voltage impacts. Through this voltage division structure, the system can acquire a stable voltage signal suitable for input to the feedback terminal of U4. The second end of resistor R20 is connected to the first end of resistor R30, and this connection continues the signal transmission of the voltage division network. At the same time, the second end of resistor R30 is grounded, further forming a stable voltage division circuit structure. The grounding design provides a reference point for the feedback acquisition network, making the entire voltage division process more stable and avoiding abnormal feedback signals caused by noise interference or current fluctuations. The common node between the second end of resistor R20 and the first end of resistor R30 is directly connected to the feedback terminal of DC-DC conversion chip U4. This common node is the final outlet of the signal in the feedback acquisition network, and the adjusted signal is transmitted to the feedback terminal of U4 for real-time monitoring of the output voltage change. The feedback terminal of DC-DC conversion chip U4 compares the feedback signal received from the common node with the target output voltage, thereby dynamically adjusting the output of its control signal to further drive the switch management unit to complete the adjustment of the output voltage. The feedback acquisition network completes the signal acquisition, voltage division adjustment, and feedback transmission of the output voltage through the reasonable configuration of resistor R11, resistor R20, and resistor R30. The role of resistor R11 is to introduce the output voltage into the feedback acquisition network, resistor R20 plays a key role in the signal voltage division process, and resistor R30 further divides the voltage and smooths the feedback signal. This network structure ensures that DC-DC conversion chip U4 can receive accurate and stable feedback signals, providing reliable data support for the closed-loop control of the output voltage. Through the feedback acquisition network, the DC-DC conversion module realizes the real-time monitoring and adjustment of the output voltage. The feedback acquisition network transmits the output voltage information to DC-DC conversion chip U4 in a safe and stable manner, enabling it to dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the switch signal according to the feedback signal, thereby precisely controlling the output current and output voltage. This design logic enables the system to respond quickly when the load changes, maintain the stability of the output voltage, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system.

[0070] In summary, through the voltage division configuration of resistors R11, R20, and R30 in the feedback acquisition network, the output voltage can be accurately acquired and fed back to the DC-DC conversion chip U4, thereby realizing the closed-loop control of the output voltage; through the design of the voltage division ratio of the feedback acquisition network, the damage to the input end of the chip caused by the direct transmission of high-voltage signals can be avoided, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0071] Further, as Figure 5 shown, a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter further includes a signal acquisition module. The signal acquisition module includes resistors R12, R7, and R25. The first end of resistor R7 is connected to the power supply, the second end of resistor R7 is connected to the first end of resistor R25, the second end of resistor R25 is grounded, the common node between the second end of resistor R7 and the first end of resistor R25 is connected to the first end of resistor R12, and the second end of resistor R12 is connected to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module.

[0072] In this embodiment, the signal acquisition module realizes real-time monitoring of the power input voltage through the combination of resistor R12, resistor R7, and resistor R25, and transmits the acquired voltage signal to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module, providing key input data for the control logic of the entire DC-DC converter. The first end of resistor R7 is directly connected to the power supply, enabling it to acquire the actual input voltage signal from the power supply. Through this connection method, the signal acquisition module can reflect the dynamic changes of the input voltage in real time, providing accurate input parameters for the control decision of the subsequent circuit. The second end of resistor R7 is connected to the first end of resistor R25, and this connection relationship constitutes the voltage division network in the signal acquisition module. The series structure of resistor R7 and resistor R25 divides the input voltage, adjusting the high-voltage signal to a voltage range suitable for subsequent signal processing. The design of the voltage division network not only reduces the amplitude of the signal voltage, protecting the subsequent components from high-voltage damage, but also ensures the linear transmission of the signal, providing a reliable voltage input reference for the main control module. The second end of resistor R25 is grounded, and this design provides a stable reference point for the voltage division network, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the voltage division signal. Through the grounding design, the signal acquisition module can effectively avoid the interference of noise or transient fluctuations in the input voltage to the voltage division signal, thus ensuring the purity and reliability of the acquired signal. The common node between the second end of resistor R7 and the first end of resistor R25 serves as the output end of the signal acquisition module and is connected to the first end of resistor R12. This common node carries the signal voltage processed by the voltage division network, and its voltage value is determined by the resistance ratio of resistor R7 and resistor R25, capable of truly reflecting the input voltage situation of the power supply. By introducing the voltage signal of the common node into resistor R12, the signal acquisition module further transmits the processed signal to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module. The function of resistor R12 is to limit the current from the signal acquisition module to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module, protecting the input end of the main control module from the impact of current surges. In addition, the introduction of resistor R12 can also suppress high-frequency noise in signal transmission to a certain extent, further improving the stability and reliability of the input signal. Through the connection of resistor R12, the voltage division signal of the signal acquisition module is efficiently and safely transmitted to the main control module, providing real-time input voltage data for the main control module. Real-time monitoring and accurate acquisition of the input voltage are achieved, and the processed signal is stably transmitted to the main control module. According to the input voltage data transmitted by the signal acquisition module, the main control module can accurately judge the operating state of the external power supply and generate appropriate control signals according to the dynamic changes of the input voltage to drive the DC-DC conversion module to complete the dynamic regulation of the output current and voltage. The logic design of this module ensures the stability and accuracy of the input signal, providing basic support for the efficient operation of the entire system, while improving the system's adaptability and control accuracy to dynamic input conditions.

[0073] In summary, through the signal processing network composed of resistor R7, resistor R25, and resistor R12 in the signal acquisition module, the input voltage can be accurately acquired and transmitted to the main control module, thereby providing reliable input data for subsequent power supply type judgment and control; through the resistor voltage division design of the signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition end of the main control module can be effectively protected from damage caused by high-voltage input, thereby improving the durability and stability of the system.

[0074] As Figure 6 shown, a maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter is applied to a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter. A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter includes:

[0075] S10. Obtain the input voltage in real time, and determine whether the input voltage falls within a determined preset voltage range. If it does not fall within the range, continue to judge;

[0076] In this embodiment, obtaining the input voltage in real time is completed through the first signal acquisition end of the main control module. This signal acquisition end is connected to the signal acquisition module and is used to detect the voltage value of the power input end in real time and transmit the acquired voltage signal to the processing unit inside the main control module. In this way, the main control module can monitor the change state of the input voltage in real time and determine whether the current power supply meets the working requirements of the system. For example, when the input voltage comes from a solar panel, its value may fluctuate dynamically due to changes in light intensity, while when the input voltage comes from a constant voltage power supply, its value is usually relatively stable. Therefore, the technical effect of this step is to ensure that the system can judge the applicability of the power supply based on the real-time input voltage and avoid system operation failure caused by abnormal input voltage.

[0077] S20. If it falls within the range, determine the input voltage at the current moment as the initial reference voltage, record the current moment as the initial moment, and control the main control module to send an enable signal to turn on the DC-DC conversion module;

[0078] In this embodiment, determining whether the input voltage falls within the determined preset voltage range is accomplished through the comparison logic inside the main control module. This logic compares the real-time input voltage with the upper and lower threshold values preset in the system to determine whether the input voltage is within this range. For example, if the preset voltage range of the system is from 12V to 56V, an input voltage lower than 12V or higher than 56V will be determined as an invalid voltage, and the main control module will continuously monitor without enabling the DC-DC conversion module. The technical effect of this step is to avoid turning on the system when the input voltage is abnormal (such as too low or too high), thus protecting the safety of the DC-DC conversion module and the load device; determining the input voltage at the current moment as the initial reference voltage is to provide a reference value for subsequent comparison of the input voltage. The initial reference voltage is obtained when the input voltage first falls within the preset voltage range. Recording the initial reference voltage and the initial moment can provide a time reference and a numerical reference for monitoring the voltage change within the sampling period. For example, when the solar panel provides power input under stable sunlight, the initial reference voltage may be 24V, and this value will be stored and compared with the voltages sampled in real time subsequently. The technical effect of this step is to establish a stable voltage reference, providing reliable data support for subsequent judgment of voltage fluctuations and power supply types.

[0079] S30. Determine one or more sampling periods, and obtain the real-time input voltage at the sampling moment in real time. The sampling moment is the time point collected after the sampling period has elapsed since the initial moment.

[0080] In this embodiment, determining one or more sampling periods is to dynamically monitor the change of the input voltage over time. The setting of the sampling period is determined by the response speed of the system and the power characteristics. For example, if the power supply is a solar panel and the light changes rapidly, the sampling period can be set to a short time interval, such as 10 milliseconds, to ensure that the rapid change of the voltage can be captured. If the power supply is a constant voltage power supply, the sampling period can be appropriately extended to reduce the sampling frequency, thereby saving system resources. The technical effect of this step is that through a reasonable sampling strategy, it can efficiently capture the dynamic change of the input voltage and avoid the system performance loss caused by too high a sampling frequency.

[0081] S40. Determine the type of peripheral power supply according to the comparison result between the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage. The type of peripheral power supply includes at least a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply.

[0082] In this embodiment, determining the peripheral power supply type based on the comparison result between the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage is accomplished by analyzing the fluctuation characteristics of the input voltage. The main control module compares the change amplitudes of the real-time voltage and the initial reference voltage within one or more sampling periods. If it is found that the input voltage fluctuates greatly, it is determined that the peripheral power supply is a solar panel power supply; if the input voltage fluctuates slightly or remains stable, it is determined that the peripheral power supply is a constant voltage power supply. For example, if the input voltage fluctuates from 24V to 28V and then quickly drops back to 23V within one sampling period, it can be determined as a solar panel power supply; while if the voltage always remains stable at 24V, it can be determined as a constant voltage power supply. The technical effect of this step is to achieve accurate judgment of the power supply type through dynamic characteristic analysis, providing a basis for subsequent differential control.

[0083] S50. If the peripheral power supply type is a constant voltage power supply, control the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs a fixed output current.

[0084] In this embodiment, controlling the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module is to cope with the characteristics of the constant voltage power supply. The main control module instructs the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current through the first control signal to meet the load requirements. For example, when it is detected that the input voltage is a constant voltage power supply, the main control module will send a control signal to make the DC-DC conversion module output a constant current of 2A, thereby providing a stable energy supply for the load. The technical effect of this step is to simplify the control logic of the system and ensure the power supply efficiency and system stability under the constant voltage power supply mode.

[0085] S60. If the peripheral power supply type is a solar panel power supply, control the main control module to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents. The main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point based on the different output currents, and then determines the final output current output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0086] In this embodiment, controlling the main control module to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module is to cope with the characteristics of the solar panel power supply. The main control module dynamically adjusts the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the second control signal. The main control module calculates the power change trend based on the different output currents and determines whether the solar panel is operating at the maximum power point. For example, when the main control module gradually increases the output current, if it is found that the power increases with the increase of the current, the current is continued to be increased; if the power no longer increases or begins to decrease, it indicates that the current power point is the maximum power point, and thus this output current value is locked. The technical effect of this step is to optimize the power generation efficiency of the solar panel through the maximum power point tracking algorithm, ensuring that the system can operate efficiently under dynamic conditions and provide the maximum power output for the load.

[0087] In summary, by obtaining the input voltage in real time and determining whether it falls within the preset threshold range, it is possible to ensure that the DC-DC conversion module starts under suitable input conditions, thereby avoiding system instability caused by abnormal input voltages. By determining the type of peripheral power supply according to the variation characteristics of the input voltage, it is possible to accurately distinguish between the power supply of the solar panel and the constant voltage power supply, thereby providing a basis for the selection of subsequent control strategies. By adopting a control strategy of dynamic perturbation observation for the power supply of the solar panel, it is possible to quickly track and lock the maximum power point, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel.

[0088] In one embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, in step S60, that is, if the type of peripheral power supply is the power supply of the solar panel, control the main control module to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents, and the main control module determines whether the power supply of the solar panel is operating at the maximum power point according to the different output currents, and further determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module. The second control signal at least includes an initial control signal and a perturbation control signal, including:

[0089] S601. If the type of peripheral power supply is the power supply of the solar panel, control the main control module to send an initial control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and obtain the initial output current corresponding to the output after being adjusted by the initial control signal;

[0090] In this embodiment, the initial control signal is generated by the main control module according to the initial reference voltage, and commands the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed value of current as the basis for subsequent perturbation adjustment. The initial output current is measured by the current amplification module of the DC-DC conversion module and fed back to the main control module to record the starting state of the current system. For example, when the initial reference voltage is 24V, the main control module can command the DC-DC conversion module to output a current of 2A and store this current as the initial output current in the control logic. The technical effect of this step is to provide initial reference current and power data for maximum power point tracking to ensure the stable operation of the system before perturbation adjustment.

[0091] S602. Determine the perturbation period, and obtain the real-time output current at the perturbation moment in real time. The perturbation moment is the time point for perturbation after the perturbation period since the moment when the initial control signal is sent;

[0092] In this embodiment, the perturbation period is a fixed time interval set by the main control module, which is used to determine the time node for each power perturbation adjustment. At the end of each perturbation period, the main control module obtains the current real-time output current and applies a small-amplitude perturbation signal to the DC-DC conversion module to observe the changing trends of the output current and power. For example, the perturbation period can be set to 50 milliseconds. At the end of each perturbation period, the main control module slightly increases or decreases the output current of the DC-DC conversion module and records the new real-time output current. The technical effect of this step is to dynamically adjust the output current through periodic perturbation, facilitating the system to track the maximum power point.

[0093] S603. Based on the initial output current, determine the corresponding initial power. Based on the real-time output current, determine the corresponding real-time power, and judge whether the initial power is greater than the real-time power.

[0094] In this embodiment, the initial power is calculated by multiplying the initial output current by the input voltage, and the real-time power is calculated by multiplying the real-time output current by the input voltage. The main control module calculates the real-time power after each perturbation and compares it with the previously recorded initial power to judge whether the perturbation has brought about an increase in power. For example, if the initial output current is 2 A and the input voltage is 24 V, the initial power is 48 W. After a perturbation, if the real-time output current is 2.2 A and the real-time power is 52.8 W, the main control module judges that the real-time power is greater than the initial power. The technical effect of this step is to judge whether the perturbation direction is correct by comparing the power changes, providing a basis for gradually approaching the maximum power point.

[0095] S604. If the initial power is less than the real-time power, determine the real-time power as the new initial power, re-obtain the new real-time power for judgment with the new initial power until the new initial power is greater than or equal to the new real-time power.

[0096] In this embodiment, when the power increases, the main control module records the real-time power and the real-time output current as the new initial power and the initial output current respectively, and continues to update the real-time power through periodic perturbation until the perturbation no longer results in power increase. For example, during multiple perturbations, the power increases from 48 W to 52.8 W and then to 55 W. When subsequent perturbations cause the power to drop back to 54.5 W, the main control module stops updating the initial power and terminates the perturbation operation. The technical effect of this step is to ensure that the system can accurately find the maximum power point through multiple iterations and comparisons, and avoid wasting energy by continuing to perturb when the power drops back.

[0097] S605. If the initial power is greater than or equal to the real-time power, determine the initial output current corresponding to the initial power as the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0098] In this embodiment, after detecting the power drop, the main control module takes the currently recorded initial output current as the final output current and instructs the DC-DC conversion module to maintain this current output state. For example, if the initial power is 55W and the corresponding output current is 2.5A, the main control module will terminate the perturbation operation, lock the output current at 2.5A, and ensure that the solar panel operates at the maximum power point. The technical effect of this step is to avoid energy loss caused by repeated perturbations of the system through reasonable judgment of the perturbation end condition, and at the same time ensure that the output power of the solar panel is always in the best state, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0099] In summary, by sending the initial control signal and obtaining the corresponding initial output current, a reference benchmark can be provided for subsequent perturbation control, thereby improving the convergence speed and efficiency of the perturbation observation method; by determining the perturbation period and obtaining the real-time output current at the perturbation moment in real time, the rhythm of power point search can be dynamically adjusted, thereby ensuring the stability of the system; by comparing the initial power and the real-time power and iteratively optimizing, the maximum power point can be gradually approached, thereby realizing efficient power generation of the solar panel in a dynamic environment.

[0100] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the above-mentioned division of each functional unit and module is used as an example. In practical applications, the above-mentioned functions can be allocated to different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0101] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A maximum power point tracking circuit for a DC-DC converter, characterized in that, The maximum power point tracking circuit of the DC-DC converter includes a main control module, a current amplification module, and a DC-DC conversion module. The power input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a power supply, the power output terminal of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a load, the first signal acquisition terminal of the main control module is used to acquire the input voltage of the power supply in real time, the enable signal output terminal of the main control module is connected to the enable signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, the control signal output terminal of the main control module is connected to the control signal input terminal of the current amplification module, the control signal output terminal of the current amplification module is connected to the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the power output terminal of the DC-DC conversion module and the load is connected to the second signal acquisition terminal of the main control module for acquiring the output current of the DC-DC conversion module in real time; When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the enable signal output from the enable signal output terminal of the main control module turns on the DC-DC conversion module. The main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference of the input voltage and transmits it to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output terminal of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs a corresponding output current according to the control signal. The main control module determines whether to continue generating the control signal according to the change trend of the output current, and then controls the DC-DC conversion module to output the corresponding output current at the maximum power; The current amplification module includes an operational amplifier chip U1, resistors Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, capacitors Ca1 and Ca2. The first end of resistor Ra1 is connected to the control signal output terminal of the main control module, the second end of resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of resistor Ra2, the second end of resistor Ra2 is connected to the positive input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1. A capacitor Ca1 is connected between the common node between the first end and the second end of resistor Ra1 and the ground. A capacitor Ca2 is connected between the common node between the second end of resistor Ra2 and the positive input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1 and the ground. The first end of resistor Ra3 is connected to the output terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1, the second end of resistor Ra3 is connected to the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the first end of resistor Ra3 and the output terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the negative input terminal of the first channel of operational amplifier chip U1.

2. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current amplification module further includes a resistor Ra4. The first end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module. The second end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the output end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The common node between the second end of the resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the positive input end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The negative input end of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the second end of the resistor Ra4.

3. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that The DC-DC conversion module includes a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit. The power input end of the switch management unit is connected to the power supply. The power output end of the switch management unit outputs power for power supply. The enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output end of the main control module. The control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output end of the current amplification module. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input end of the switch management unit, so as to adjust the output current by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit.

4. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The switch management unit includes an inductor L1, a first MOS transistor M1, a second MOS transistor M4, a third MOS transistor M3, and a fourth MOS transistor M2. The first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1. The second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The common node between the first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first conduction end of the first MOS transistor M1 on the one hand and the first conduction end of the second MOS transistor M4 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to the power supply. The second conduction end of the second MOS transistor M4 is connected to the power supply. The common node between the second end of the inductor L1 and the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first conduction end of the third MOS transistor M3 on the one hand and the first conduction end of the fourth MOS transistor M2 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the third MOS transistor M3 is combined with the power supply and the second conduction end of the second MOS transistor M4 to output power for power supply. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 includes a first switch port connected to the controlled end of the first MOS transistor M1, a second switch port connected to the controlled end of the second MOS transistor M4, a third switch port connected to the controlled end of the third MOS transistor M3, and a fourth switch port connected to the controlled end of the fourth MOS transistor M2.

5. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 4, wherein A resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled terminal of the first MOS transistor M1, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled terminal of the second MOS transistor M4, a resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled terminal of the third MOS transistor M3, the controlled terminal of the third MOS transistor M3 is connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, a resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2, and a resistor R14 is connected between the controlled terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M2 and the ground.

6. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The DC-DC conversion module further includes a feedback acquisition network, the feedback acquisition network includes a resistor R11, a resistor R20 and a resistor R30, a first end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power output terminal of the switch management unit, a second end of the resistor R11 is connected to a first end of the resistor R20, a second end of the resistor R20 is connected to a first end of the resistor R30, a second end of the resistor R30 is grounded, and a common node between the second end of the resistor R20 and the first end of the resistor R30 is connected to the feedback terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4.

7. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter further includes a signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition module includes a resistor R12, a resistor R7 and a resistor R25, a first end of the resistor R7 is connected to a power supply, a second end of the resistor R7 is connected to a first end of the resistor R25, a second end of the resistor R25 is grounded, a common node between the second end of the resistor R7 and the first end of the resistor R25 is connected to a first end of the resistor R12, and a second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the first signal acquisition terminal of the main control module.

8. A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter, applied to a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The maximum power point tracking method of a DC-DC converter includes: Obtaining the input voltage in real time, and determining whether the input voltage falls within a determined preset voltage range. If it does not fall within, continue to judge; If it falls within, determine the input voltage at the current moment as the initial reference voltage, record the current moment as the initial moment, and control the main control module to send an enable signal to turn on the DC-DC conversion module; Determine one or more sampling periods, and obtain the real-time input voltage at the sampling moment in real time. The sampling moment is a time point collected after the sampling period since the initial moment; Determine the external power supply type according to the comparison result between the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage. The external power supply type at least includes a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply; If the external power supply type is a constant voltage power supply, control the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module to make the DC-DC conversion module output a fixed output current; If the type of the peripheral power supply is a solar panel power supply, control the main control module to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents. The main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point according to the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

9. A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the step of, if the type of the peripheral power supply is a solar panel power supply, controlling the main control module to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents, and the main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point according to the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module, the second control signal includes at least one initial control signal and one perturbation control signal, and includes: If the type of the peripheral power supply is a solar panel power supply, control the main control module to send an initial control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and obtain the initial output current correspondingly output after being adjusted by the initial control signal; Determine the perturbation period, and obtain the real-time output current at the perturbation moment in real time. The perturbation moment is the time point when perturbation is performed after the perturbation period from the moment when the initial control signal is sent. Based on the initial output current, determine the corresponding initial power. Based on the real-time output current, determine the corresponding real-time power, and judge whether the initial power is greater than the real-time power; If the initial power is less than the real-time power, determine the real-time power as the new initial power, and re-obtain the new real-time power to judge with the new initial power until the new initial power is greater than or equal to the new real-time power; If the initial power is greater than or equal to the real-time power, determine the initial output current corresponding to the initial power as the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

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