Oriented early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp and honey kumquats

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting of crisp and honey kumquats, in particular to a directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for the crisp and honey kumquats. The technology comprises the following steps: selecting a crisp and honey kumquat seedling with at least three branches, wherein the length of each branch is not less than 15cm; planting before March of the current year, and fixing branches of the crisp and honey kumquat seedlings by adopting a fence type structure to ensure that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different; a sunshade net is used for shading, and the mesh number of the sunshade net is 40-60; the nitrogen fertilizer is stopped half a month before pruning, high nitrogen fertilizer is applied at other time, and it is ensured that the soil moisture content is kept between 60% and 80%. By means of the cultivation technology, the tree height, the crown width and the branch number of the crisp honey kumquats can be effectively increased, early fruiting in the next year is promoted, and therefore the fruit yield is increased. According to the method, through accurate cultivation management measures, premature production of the crisp honey kumquats is achieved, the remarkable effect of fruiting in the next year of planting is achieved, and the method has remarkable economic benefits and popularization value.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting crisp honey kumquat, and in particular to a directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat. [Background technology]

[0002] Crisp honey kumquat, as a geographical indication product of Rong'an, Guangxi, has thin skin, tender flesh and sweet taste. It is loved by consumers all over the world for its unique taste and high nutritional value. The economic value of crisp honey kumquat is also far higher than other varieties in Rong'an. Because of its delicious taste, high nutritional value and significant economic benefits, it has gradually become a popular high-end fruit variety in the market. The cultivation of crisp honey kumquat covers 12 towns in Rong'an County and has become one of the local pillar industries. At present, the planting area of ​​Rong'an kumquat has reached 207,200 mu, with a total output of 180,000 tons, a total output value of 1.8 billion yuan, a brand value of 1.942 billion yuan, more than 100,000 people involved in the development, and the per capita single income of farmers exceeds 7,000 yuan. The development of the crisp honey kumquat industry has not only driven local farmers to become rich, but also promoted the rapid growth of the county economy.

[0003] However, the large-scale planting time of Crisp Honey Kumquat is short and the planting requirements are high. At present, its planting technology is not mature. The traditional Crisp Honey Kumquat planting method takes more than three years to bear fruit, and a lot of time, manpower and money costs are required in the early stage of planting. This limits the rapid market supply of Crisp Honey Kumquat and the rapid development of the industry. Therefore, developing a technology that can shorten the planting cycle of Crisp Honey Kumquat and increase early yield is of great significance to improving industry competitiveness and meeting market demand. [Summary of the invention]

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for Crisp Honey Kumquat in order to solve the technical problem that the traditional Crisp Honey Kumquat planting method in the background technology needs more than three years to bear fruit, and to achieve the significant effect of early fruiting of Crisp Honey Kumquat and bearing fruit one year earlier through precise cultivation and management measures.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat comprises the following steps:

[0007] A. Selecting Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings: Select Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings with at least 3 branches and each branch is no less than 15 cm long;

[0008] B. Planting time: Crunchy honey kumquat seedlings should be planted before March of the current year;

[0009] C. Planting requirements: Use a fence-like structure to fix the branches of the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings, ensuring that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different and the angle between adjacent branches is not less than 60°;

[0010] D. Planting environment: Use sunshade nets for shading, the mesh number of the sunshade nets is 20-100 meshes;

[0011] E. Fertilizer and water management: Stop using nitrogen fertilizer half a month before pruning the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings. Use high nitrogen fertilizer for the rest of the time and provide sufficient water until the last batch of autumn shoots mature.

[0012] F. Result: The Crunchy Honey Kumquat seedlings planted before March of the current year will enter the fruiting period in the following year.

[0013] When the fruit-bearing period begins the following year, management should be carried out according to methods D and F before May-June of the following year. After May-June, management should be carried out according to traditional fruit-bearing fruit tree management methods to preserve flowers and fruits, so that the fruit trees can bear fruit.

[0014] Optimally, the mesh number of the sunshade net is 40-60 meshes.

[0015] For further optimization, when the branches of the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings are fixed by a fence-type structure, the angle between each branch and the ground plane is between 40-160°, and more preferably, the angle between each branch and the ground plane is between 110-130°.

[0016] For further optimization, the angle between adjacent branches is preferably 100-140°.

[0017] Through the reasonable design of branch angles, it can be ensured that each branch grows in different directions, avoiding mutual shading between adjacent branches, so that each branch can get sufficient sunlight, thereby promoting photosynthesis and enhancing the growth vitality of the plant. In addition, this structure helps to increase the width of the crown, improve the space utilization rate of the tree, and effectively avoid the problem of narrow crown and dense fruit caused by too small branch angles in traditional cultivation, thereby increasing the yield and quality of the fruit.

[0018] Further optimized, the high nitrogen fertilizer is: calculated by weight, 1 part of urea and 1-1.5 parts of balanced compound fertilizer.

[0019] Further optimized, the frequency of high nitrogen fertilizer application is 2-3 times per shoot to ensure that the soil moisture content in the field is maintained at 60%-80%.

[0020] For further optimization, each plant is planted in a planting hole, wherein the length*width*height of the planting hole is 40-50cm*40-50cm*50-80cm respectively, and 20-25kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting hole as base fertilizer.

[0021] For further optimization, 1-1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer may be added to the base fertilizer.

[0022] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology of the crisp honey kumquat provided by the present invention can effectively shorten the growth cycle of the crisp honey kumquat and enter the fruiting period in advance. Practice has proved that it can be advanced by 1 year. Through scientific seedling selection and cultivation methods, the present invention solves the problems of too long growth cycle and late fruiting period in the traditional cultivation of the crisp honey kumquat, especially in traditional cultivation, the number of branches, density, and crown width of the crisp honey kumquat tree are insufficient, and it takes at least 3 years to reach the fruiting period. The traditional planting method transplants and plants less than 3 years old and bears fruit too early, which will cause irreversible damage to the tree.

[0024] The present invention selects seedlings with at least three branches and each branch is not less than 15 cm in length, and uses a fence-type structure to fix each branch, ensuring that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different, and the angle between adjacent branches is not less than 60°, so that each branch can grow in different directions, ensuring sufficient sunlight exposure and effectively increasing the width of the subsequent crown. The use of a sunshade net for shading and high-nitrogen fertilizer fertilization cooperate with each other to reduce or even prevent flowering, so that nutrients are concentrated on the growth of branches; this measure effectively ensures the healthy growth of the crisp honey kumquat seedlings, and practice has proved that it can significantly increase the number and directionality of new branches of the tree. Stop using nitrogen fertilizer half a month before pruning the crisp honey kumquat seedlings. This method has been proven to effectively reduce damage to the tree after pruning and reduce the branch loss rate by 46%. The above methods cooperate with each other to ensure that the fruiting period can be effectively carried out the following year.

[0025] 2. The present invention uses a sunshade net in the technical solution to adjust the light intensity of the crisp honey kumquat seedlings, and the mesh size is preferably set to 40-60 meshes. This light control can reduce or even prevent the crisp honey kumquat trees from flowering, concentrate nutrients to supply branch growth, and increase the branch diameter and branch number of the fruit trees.

[0026] 3. During the growth process of the crisp honey kumquat seedlings, the fertilizer formula proposed by the present invention, i.e., applying high nitrogen fertilizer (the ratio of urea to compound fertilizer is 1:1-1.5), can effectively promote the branching and branch growth of the kumquat seedlings. By controlling the frequency of fertilization, i.e., 2-3 times each time, ensuring that the soil moisture content is maintained at 60%-80%, the present invention can achieve accurate water and fertilizer management. In the early stage of the growth of the crisp honey kumquat, the growth rate of the branches can be enhanced by applying nitrogen fertilizer, the number and length of the branches can be increased, and sufficient branch structures can be formed, laying the foundation for the next year's results.

[0027] 4. By adopting a planting hole of 40-50cm in length, 40-50cm in width and 50-80cm in height during the planting process, applying 20-25kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and adding 1-1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer, the present invention can provide sufficient nutritional support for the crisp honey kumquat seedlings to ensure the healthy growth of the root system. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer added in the base fertilizer can provide the basic elements required for the growth of the crisp honey kumquat, promote root development, improve soil structure, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and provide a suitable environment for the growth of the crisp honey kumquat seedlings. [Specific implementation method]

[0028] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0030] In order to verify the effect of the directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology of the crisp honey kumquat proposed in the present invention, multiple embodiments were designed and implemented. The experimental site was set up in Xingju Farm, Rong'an County, Jiancun Village, Fushi Town, Rong'an County. In order to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental data, the seedlings of each embodiment are from the same batch of seedlings, and 10 crisp honey kumquat trees were selected. All data are the average values ​​of 10 trees. Examples 1-4 were planted from February 23 to 24, 2023. The same climate environment and soil conditions were maintained between each experimental group to ensure the fairness of the experiment.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat comprises the following steps:

[0033] A. Selecting Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings: Select Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings with 3 branches and each branch is no less than 15 cm long;

[0034] B. Planting time: Crisp honey kumquat seedlings are planted before March of the same year; each plant is planted in a planting hole, the length*width*height of the planting hole is 40-50cm*40-50cm*50-80cm respectively, and 20Kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting hole as base fertilizer.

[0035] C. Planting requirements: Use a fence-like structure to fix the branches of the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings, ensuring that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different and the angle between adjacent branches is not less than 60°;

[0036] D. Planting environment: Use a sunshade net for shading, the mesh number of the sunshade net is 100 meshes; the mesh number of the sunshade net is 40-60 meshes.

[0037] E. Fertilizer and water management: Stop using nitrogen fertilizer half a month before pruning the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings, and use high nitrogen fertilizer for fertilization during the rest of the time, and provide sufficient water until the last batch of autumn shoots mature; the high nitrogen fertilizer is: 1 part urea and 1 part balanced compound fertilizer by weight. The frequency of high nitrogen fertilizer fertilization is 3 times per shoot, ensuring that the field soil moisture content is maintained at 60%-80%. 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can also be added to the base fertilizer.

[0038] F. Result: The Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings planted before March of the current year can enter the fruiting period in June of the following year, and the flower and fruit preservation methods during the fruiting period should be followed.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat comprises the following steps:

[0041] A. Selecting Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings: Select Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings with 3 branches and each branch is no less than 15 cm long;

[0042] B. Planting time: Crisp honey kumquat seedlings are planted before March of the same year; each plant is planted in a planting hole, the length*width*height of the planting hole is 40-50cm*40-50cm*50-80cm respectively, and 25Kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting hole as base fertilizer.

[0043] C. Planting requirements: Use a fence-like structure to fix the branches of the Crunchy Honey Kumquat seedlings to ensure that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different, and the angle between adjacent branches is preferably 100-140°.

[0044] D. Planting environment: Use sunshade net for shading, the mesh number of sunshade net is 40 meshes.

[0045] E. Fertilizer and water management: Stop using nitrogen fertilizer half a month before pruning the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings, and use high nitrogen fertilizer for fertilization during the rest of the time, and provide sufficient water until the last batch of autumn shoots mature; the high nitrogen fertilizer is: 1 part urea and 1.5 parts balanced compound fertilizer by weight. The frequency of high nitrogen fertilizer fertilization is 2 times per shoot, ensuring that the soil moisture content in the field is maintained at 60%-80%. 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can also be added to the base fertilizer.

[0046] F. Result: The Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings planted before March of the current year can enter the fruiting period in June of the following year, and the flower and fruit preservation methods during the fruiting period should be followed.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat comprises the following steps:

[0049] A. Selecting Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings: Select Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings with 3 branches and each branch is no less than 15 cm long;

[0050] B. Planting time: Crisp honey kumquat seedlings are planted before March of the same year; each plant is planted in a planting hole, the length*width*height of the planting hole is 40-50cm*40-50cm*50-80cm respectively, and 23Kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting hole as base fertilizer.

[0051] C. Planting requirements: Use a fence-like structure to fix the branches of the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings to ensure that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different, and the angle between adjacent branches is preferably 120-140°.

[0052] D. Planting environment: Use sunshade net for shading, the mesh number of sunshade net is 50 meshes.

[0053] E. Fertilizer and water management: Stop using nitrogen fertilizer half a month before pruning the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings, and use high nitrogen fertilizer for fertilization during the rest of the time, and provide sufficient water until the last batch of autumn shoots mature; the high nitrogen fertilizer is: 1 part urea and 1.2 parts balanced compound fertilizer by weight. The frequency of high nitrogen fertilizer fertilization is 3 times per shoot, ensuring that the field soil moisture content is maintained at 70%-75%. 1.2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can also be added to the base fertilizer.

[0054] F. Result: The Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings planted before March of the current year can enter the fruiting period in June of the following year, and the flower and fruit preservation methods during the fruiting period should be followed.

[0055] Example 4 Comparative Example

[0056] The comparative example adopts the prior art planting method, and refers to the traditional cultivation method proposed in CN201711166459.9, a planting method of kumquat, and CN201811260074.3, a planting method of slippery kumquat, which specifically includes:

[0057] Seedling selection: Select Kumquat seedlings with 3 branches and each branch is not less than 15cm long;

[0058] Planting time: Crunchy honey kumquat seedlings are planted before March of the same year; the traditional upright planting method is adopted, and the branches are not fixed and managed, and the branches grow randomly. During planting, each plant is planted in a planting hole, and the length*width*height of the planting hole is 40-50cm*40-50cm*50-80cm respectively, and the planting base fertilizer is the same as in Example 3.

[0059] Fertilizer and water management: With reference to the traditional cultivation method proposed in CN201811260074.3, the planting method of kumquat is carried out according to steps C and D in claim 1 in the planting year, and the management is carried out according to steps C and D in claim 1 in the following year.

[0060] Result: The Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings can enter the fruiting period in June of the following year, and the methods of flower and fruit preservation during the fruiting period should be followed.

[0061] Example 5 Data Collection and Comparison

[0062] Data collection: The data of Examples 1-4 were collected respectively. The same comparative data collection was completed within 1-2 days. The values ​​of 10 trees were measured or weighed for each example, and then the average value of each tree was calculated. The following data were mainly collected:

[0063] Tree height: measure the height of each tree;

[0064] Crown width: measure the maximum width of each tree's crown;

[0065] Branch count: Count the number of branches of each tree;

[0066] Fruit yield in the following year: measure the fruit yield of each tree in the following year;

[0067] Experimental period: from planting to the end of the fruiting season in the second year. During this period, the trees will be regularly observed and managed.

[0068]

[0069] It can be seen from Examples 1-4 that Example 1-3 uses a fence-like structure and fixed branches, uses a shade net for shading and cooperates with high nitrogen fertilizer to reduce or even prevent flowering, so that nutrients are concentrated on the growth of branches; the technology of the present invention can effectively promote the vertical growth of trees, and the present invention can effectively increase the width of the crown, making the tree shape more reasonable, which is conducive to maximizing photosynthesis and evenly distributing branches; by guiding the growth of branches through the fence-like structure at the same time, the number of branches of the tree is increased. In contrast, the traditional cultivation method does not fix the branches, resulting in limited tree growth, and does not effectively manage the branches, resulting in low tree height and insufficient crown width, which exacerbates the relatively small number of branches, so that the fruit tree as a whole cannot achieve the purpose of bearing fruit the following year.

[0070] By comparing the experimental data, it can be seen that the directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology of the crisp honey kumquat of the present invention is superior to the traditional cultivation method in multiple indicators of fruit trees. Specifically, the technology of the present invention can effectively increase the growth rate of trees, increase the height of branch growth, the number of branches, expand the width of the crown, and significantly increase the fruit yield in the next year. These results show that the cultivation technology of the present invention has strong practicality and promotion value, is particularly suitable for the early fruiting and high yield of crisp honey kumquat, and is of great significance to promoting the development of local agricultural industrialization.

[0071] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Selecting Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings: Select Crunchy Honey Kumquat Seedlings with at least 3 branches and each branch is no less than 15 cm long; B. Planting time: Crunchy honey kumquat seedlings should be planted before March of the current year; C. Planting requirements: Use a fence-like structure to fix the branches of the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings, ensuring that the growth directions of adjacent branches are different and the angle between adjacent branches is not less than 60°; D. Planting environment: Use sunshade nets for shading, the mesh number of the sunshade nets is 20-100 meshes; E. Fertilizer and water management: Stop using nitrogen fertilizer half a month before pruning the Crisp Honey Kumquat seedlings. Use high nitrogen fertilizer for the rest of the time and provide sufficient water until the last batch of autumn shoots mature. F. Result: The Crunchy Honey Kumquat seedlings planted before March of the current year will enter the fruiting period in the following year.

2. A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh number of the sunshade net is 40-60 meshes.

3. The directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology of Crisp Honey Kumquat according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between adjacent branches is preferably 100-140°.

4. The directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology of Crisp Honey Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high nitrogen fertilizer comprises: by weight, 1 part of urea and 1-1.5 parts of balanced compound fertilizer.

5. A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The frequency of high nitrogen fertilizer application is 2-3 times per planting to ensure that the soil moisture content in the field is maintained at 60%-80%.

6. The directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology of Crisp Honey Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: During planting, each plant is planted in a planting hole, the length*width*height of the planting hole is 40-50cm*40-50cm*50-80cm respectively, and 20-25Kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting hole as base fertilizer.

7. A directional early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technology for crisp honey kumquat according to claim 6, characterized in that: 1-1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can also be added to the base fertilizer.

Images