Carbon dioxide trapping and liquefying device

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon dioxide trapping and liquefying device, and relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide trapping, the carbon dioxide trapping and liquefying device comprises an absorption tower and further comprises a gas inlet pipe arranged at the bottom end of the absorption tower, an efficient filler layer is fixedly connected in the absorption tower, the efficient filler layer is filled with a lean amine solution, and the lean amine solution can absorb carbon dioxide to generate a rich amine solution; the top end of the absorption tower is fixedly connected with an exhaust head, one side of the bottom end of the absorption tower is provided with a flow guide assembly, one side of the flow guide assembly is provided with a multi-stage heat exchange assembly, the discharge end of the multi-stage heat exchange assembly is provided with a desorption tower, a circulation assembly is arranged between the desorption tower and the absorption tower, and the top end of the desorption tower is fixedly connected with a gas outlet pipe. A cooling separation assembly is arranged at one end of each flow dividing pipe, and a liquefaction storage assembly is arranged at the discharging end of each cooling separation assembly; the trapping efficiency of the device is higher; and through the design of a multi-stage heat exchange system and a waste heat recovery and utilization system, the energy consumption of the device is remarkably reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the economical efficiency is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, in particular to a carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of global industrialization, the sharp increase in carbon dioxide emissions has become one of the main causes of global climate change. In order to meet this challenge, governments and companies around the world are seeking effective carbon dioxide emission reduction technologies. Traditional carbon dioxide emission reduction methods mainly include post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture and oxygen-enriched combustion, but these methods often have problems such as high energy consumption, high cost and low capture efficiency.

[0003] In recent years, chemical absorption has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as high capture efficiency and wide application range. However, the traditional chemical absorption carbon dioxide capture device still has many shortcomings in terms of energy utilization, equipment footprint, and operational stability. The unreasonable design of the packing layer in the absorption tower leads to limited contact area between carbon dioxide and the absorbent, and low reaction efficiency; the lack of optimization of the heat exchange system leads to serious energy waste and poor economic efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device, which solves the problems of limited contact area between carbon dioxide and absorbent and low reaction efficiency in traditional devices by setting a high-efficiency packing layer in combination with a multi-stage heat exchange component and a circulation component; the heat exchange system lacks optimization, resulting in serious energy waste and poor economy.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device comprises an absorption tower, and further comprises: an air inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the absorption tower, a high-efficiency packing layer is fixedly connected inside the absorption tower, a lean amine liquid is filled on the high-efficiency packing layer, and the lean amine liquid can absorb carbon dioxide to generate rich amine liquid, the top of the absorption tower is fixedly connected to an exhaust head, a flow guide component is arranged on one side of the bottom end of the absorption tower, a multi-stage heat exchange component is arranged on one side of the flow guide component for absorbing heat carried in the carbon dioxide gas, a decomposition tower is arranged at the discharge end of the multi-stage heat exchange component, the decomposition tower heats the rich amine liquid to promote its decomposition, a circulation component is arranged between the decomposition tower and the absorption tower, the top of the decomposition tower is fixedly connected to an air outlet pipe, diversion pipes are arranged at both ends of the air outlet pipe, a cooling separation component is arranged at one end of the diversion pipe, and a liquefaction storage component is arranged at the discharge end of the cooling separation component.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the diversion assembly includes a drainage pump fixedly arranged at the liquid outlet end of the absorption tower, a diversion pipe is arranged at the liquid outlet end of the drainage pump, the outer wall of the absorption tower is fixedly connected to the mounting block, the diversion pipe passes through the mounting block and one end is connected to the multi-stage heat exchange assembly.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the multi-stage heat exchange component includes a pre-cooling heat exchanger, the feed end of the pre-cooling heat exchanger is connected to the feed end of the guide tube, the bottom discharge end of the pre-cooling heat exchanger is provided with an intermediate reheater, the bottom discharge end of the intermediate reheater is provided with a lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger, the bottom discharge end of the lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger is provided with a feed transfer pipe, and the discharge end of the feed transfer pipe is connected to the feed end of the analysis tower.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the circulation component includes a circulation pump fixedly arranged at the discharge end of the analysis tower, the discharge end of the circulation pump is connected to the circulation drainage pipe, the discharge end of the circulation drainage pipe extends to the top side of the absorption tower and is connected to the interior of the absorption tower.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cooling and separation component includes a multi-stage air cooler, the bottom of the multi-stage air cooler is connected to a low-temperature cooler, the bottom of the low-temperature cooler is connected to a gas-liquid separator, and an air pump is arranged on the multi-stage air cooler, and the air inlet end of the air pump is connected to the discharge end of the diversion pipe.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the liquefied storage assembly includes a carbon dioxide storage tank, a diversion pump is arranged at the feed end of the carbon dioxide storage tank, a recovery pipe is arranged between the diversion pump and the gas-liquid separator, and the discharge end of the carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to a cryogenic pump.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the high-efficiency filler layer adopts a structure with high specific surface area and low pressure drop characteristics to improve the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lean and rich amine liquid heat exchanger adopts a plate heat exchanger to improve the heat exchange efficiency and reduce the equipment footprint.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the multi-stage air cooler adopts variable frequency speed regulation technology to automatically adjust the fan speed according to the ambient temperature and process requirements, thereby optimizing the cooling effect and saving electricity consumption.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the carbon dioxide storage tank adopts a double-layer vacuum insulation design to effectively reduce heat loss and extend the storage time of liquefied carbon dioxide.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages: the device significantly increases the contact area and reaction efficiency between carbon dioxide and absorbent by adopting high-efficiency packing layers, such as corrugated plates or structured packing, thereby improving the capture efficiency; through the design of a multi-stage heat exchange system and a waste heat recovery and utilization system, efficient utilization of heat is achieved, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of the device, reduces energy consumption, and is more economical. The application of a lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger allows the heat of the high-temperature lean amine liquid to be fully utilized to preheat the rich amine liquid entering the analysis tower; the design of the intermediate reheater further increases the temperature of the reboiler inlet fluid and reduces steam consumption; and promotes resource recycling: liquefied carbon dioxide can not only be used for storage, but also can be reused as a chemical raw material, realizing resource recycling and maximizing value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device Figure 1 .

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device Figure 2 .

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Absorption tower; 2. Air inlet pipe; 3. Draft pipe; 4. Exhaust header; 5. Pre-cooling heat exchanger; 6. Intermediate reheater; 7. Lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger; 8. Analysis tower; 9. Diverter pipe; 10. Air outlet pipe; 11. Multi-stage air cooler; 12. Cryogenic cooler; 13. Gas-liquid separator; 14. Circulation draft pipe; 15. Recovery pipe; 16. Draft pump; 17. Cryogenic pump; 18. Carbon dioxide storage tank; 19. High-efficiency packing layer; 20. Drainage pump; 21. Air pump; 22. Mounting rod; 23. Circulation pump; 24. Mounting block; 25. Transfer pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3A carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device comprises an absorption tower 1, and further comprises: an air inlet pipe 2 is arranged at the bottom end of the absorption tower 1, a high-efficiency packing layer 19 is fixedly connected inside the absorption tower 1, and a lean amine liquid is filled on the high-efficiency packing layer 19, and the lean amine liquid can absorb carbon dioxide to generate rich amine liquid, and the top of the absorption tower 1 is fixedly connected to an exhaust head 4, a flow guide component is arranged on one side of the bottom end of the absorption tower 1, and a multi-stage heat exchange component is arranged on one side of the flow guide component for absorbing the heat carried by the carbon dioxide gas, and a decomposition tower 8 is arranged at the discharge end of the multi-stage heat exchange component, and the decomposition tower 8 heats the rich amine liquid to promote its decomposition, and a circulation component is arranged between the decomposition tower 8 and the absorption tower 1, and the top of the decomposition tower 8 is fixedly connected to an air outlet pipe 10, and a shunt pipe 9 is arranged at both ends of the air outlet pipe 10, and a cooling separation component is arranged at one end of the shunt pipe 9, and a liquefaction storage component is arranged at the discharge end of the cooling separation component;

[0023] The high-efficiency packing layer 19 inside the absorption tower 1 is used to enhance the contact area and reaction efficiency between carbon dioxide and lean amine liquid to generate rich amine liquid; the precooling heat exchanger 5 uses the environmental cold source to preliminarily cool the rich amine liquid; the intermediate reheater 6 is connected to the precooling heat exchanger 5, and preheats by waste heat recovery technology to improve energy efficiency; the lean and rich amine liquid heat exchanger 7, whose first end is connected to the outlet of the intermediate reheater 6 and the second end is connected to the analysis tower 8, uses the heat of the high-temperature lean amine liquid in the analysis tower 8 to preheat the rich amine liquid entering the analysis tower 8, and further saves energy; the analysis tower 8 is provided with an efficient tray structure inside to promote the effective analysis of the rich amine liquid, and the top outlet is connected to the deep cooling and separation system;

[0024] The multi-stage air cooler 11, the cryogenic cooler 12 and the gas-liquid separator 13 are used to cool the analyzed carbon dioxide gas to below the liquefaction point to achieve efficient liquefaction separation; the carbon dioxide storage tank 18 and the cryogenic pump 17 are used to store the liquefied carbon dioxide and achieve stable transportation through the cryogenic pump 17. The above-mentioned device improves the efficiency of carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction and the energy utilization efficiency, is more economical, and has a better use effect.

[0025] Example 2, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 The diversion component includes a diversion pump 20 fixedly arranged at the liquid outlet end of the absorption tower 1, and a diversion pipe 3 is arranged at the liquid outlet end of the drainage pump 20. The outer wall of the absorption tower 1 is fixedly connected to the mounting block 24, and the diversion pipe 3 passes through the mounting block 24 and one end is connected to the multi-stage heat exchange component; the flue gas or gas containing carbon dioxide first enters the absorption tower 1 module.

[0026] In the absorption tower 1, the flue gas and the absorbent of the lean amine liquid that has not absorbed carbon dioxide are fully contacted through the high-efficiency packing layer 19. Carbon dioxide reacts chemically with the lean amine liquid to generate rich amine liquid, and the tail gas is discharged from the top of the tower. Under the action of the drainage pump 20, the rich amine liquid can be sent into the multi-stage heat exchange component.

[0027] The multi-stage heat exchange assembly comprises a precooling heat exchanger 5, the feed end of the precooling heat exchanger 5 is connected to the feed end of the draft tube 3, the bottom discharge end of the precooling heat exchanger 5 is provided with an intermediate reheater 6, the bottom discharge end of the intermediate reheater 6 is provided with a lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger 7, the bottom discharge end of the lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger 7 is provided with a feed transfer pipe 25, and the discharge end of the feed transfer pipe 25 is connected to the feed end of the analytical tower 8;

[0028] The rich amine liquid first enters the pre-cooling heat exchanger 5 and is initially cooled by the environmental cold source; then, the rich amine liquid enters the intermediate reheater 6 for heat exchange, and finally the rich amine liquid enters the lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger 7 and is preheated by the heat of the high-temperature lean amine liquid in the analysis tower 8, thereby further improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0029] The circulation assembly includes a circulation pump 23 fixedly arranged at the discharge end of the analytical tower 8, the discharge end of the circulation pump 23 is connected to the circulation drainage pipe 14, the discharge end of the circulation drainage pipe 14 extends to the top side of the absorption tower 1 and is connected to the inside of the absorption tower 1;

[0030] The preheated rich amine liquid enters the analysis tower 8; in the analysis tower 8, the rich amine liquid is heated by the high-temperature steam condensate, decomposes and releases pure carbon dioxide gas; at the same time, the lean amine liquid is regenerated and can be re-entered into the absorption tower 1 for the next cycle under the action of the circulation pump 23.

[0031] The cooling and separation component includes a multi-stage air cooler 11, the bottom of the multi-stage air cooler 11 is connected to a low-temperature cooler 12, the bottom of the low-temperature cooler 12 is connected to a gas-liquid separator 13, and an air pump 21 is arranged on the multi-stage air cooler 11, and the air inlet end of the air pump 21 is connected to the discharge end of the diverter pipe 9; under the action of the air pump 21, the carbon dioxide gas can enter the multi-stage air cooler 11, the low-temperature cooler 12, and the gas-liquid separator 13 in sequence, and the carbon dioxide gas is cooled to below the liquefaction point to achieve efficient liquefaction separation.

[0032] The liquefied storage assembly includes a carbon dioxide storage tank 18, a mounting rod 22 is fixedly connected between the carbon dioxide storage tank 18 and the analytical tower 8, a diversion pump 16 is arranged at the feed end of the carbon dioxide storage tank 18, a recovery pipe 15 is arranged between the diversion pump 16 and the gas-liquid separator 13, and a discharge end of the carbon dioxide storage tank 18 is connected to a cryogenic pump 17; the liquefied carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage tank 18 for storage. When needed, the liquid carbon dioxide is transported to a designated location for use or sealing by the cryogenic pump 17.

[0033] The high-efficiency packing layer 19 adopts a structure with high specific surface area and low pressure drop characteristics to improve the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency; the lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger 7 adopts a plate heat exchanger to improve the heat exchange efficiency and reduce the equipment footprint.

[0034] The multi-stage air cooler 11 adopts variable frequency speed regulation technology to automatically adjust the fan speed according to the ambient temperature and process requirements, optimize the cooling effect and save electricity consumption; the carbon dioxide storage tank 18 adopts a double-layer vacuum insulation design to effectively reduce heat loss and extend the storage time of liquefied carbon dioxide.

[0035] In the implementation process, the present invention achieves the goal of efficiently capturing and liquefying carbon dioxide from industrial waste gas or combustion emissions through a series of complex chemical reactions and physical separation processes. At the same time, through the design of a multi-stage heat exchange system and waste heat recovery and utilization, energy utilization efficiency is improved, energy consumption is reduced, and reliability and economy are higher.

[0036] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. "Multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0041] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0042] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device, comprising an absorption tower (1), characterized in that: Also includes: An air inlet pipe (2) is arranged at the bottom end of the absorption tower (1), and a high-efficiency packing layer (19) is fixedly connected inside the absorption tower (1). The high-efficiency packing layer (19) is filled with lean amine liquid, and the lean amine liquid can absorb carbon dioxide to generate rich amine liquid. The top end of the absorption tower (1) is fixedly connected to an exhaust head (4). A flow guide component is arranged on one side of the bottom end of the absorption tower (1), and a multi-stage heat exchange component is arranged on one side of the flow guide component for absorbing the heat carried by the carbon dioxide gas. A decomposition tower (8) is arranged at the discharge end of the multi-stage heat exchange component, and the decomposition tower (8) heats the rich amine liquid to promote its decomposition. A circulation component is arranged between the decomposition tower (8) and the absorption tower (1), and the top end of the decomposition tower (8) is fixedly connected to an air outlet pipe (10), and diverter pipes (9) are arranged at both ends of the air outlet pipe (10). A cooling separation component is arranged at one end of the diverter pipe (9), and a liquefaction storage component is arranged at the discharge end of the cooling separation component.

2. A carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide component comprises a flow guide pump (20) fixedly arranged at the liquid outlet end of the absorption tower (1); a flow guide pipe (3) is arranged at the liquid outlet end of the flow guide pump (20); the outer wall of the absorption tower (1) is fixedly connected to a mounting block (24); the flow guide pipe (3) passes through the mounting block (24) and one end of the flow guide pipe is connected to the multi-stage heat exchange component.

3. A carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-stage heat exchange component comprises a precooling heat exchanger (5), the feed end of the precooling heat exchanger (5) is connected to the feed end of the guide tube (3), the bottom discharge end of the precooling heat exchanger (5) is provided with an intermediate reheater (6), the bottom discharge end of the intermediate reheater (6) is provided with a lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger (7), the bottom discharge end of the lean-rich amine liquid heat exchanger (7) is provided with a feed transfer pipe (25), and the discharge end of the feed transfer pipe (25) is connected to the feed end of the analytical tower (8).

4. The carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulation component comprises a circulation pump (23) fixedly arranged at the discharge end of the analysis tower (8), the discharge end of the circulation pump (23) being connected to a circulation drainage pipe (14), and the discharge end of the circulation drainage pipe (14) extending to one side of the top end of the absorption tower (1) and being in communication with the interior of the absorption tower (1).

5. The carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and separation component comprises a multi-stage air cooler (11), the bottom of the multi-stage air cooler (11) is connected to a low-temperature cooler (12), the bottom of the low-temperature cooler (12) is connected to a gas-liquid separator (13), and an air inlet pump (21) is provided on the multi-stage air cooler (11), and the air inlet end of the air inlet pump (21) is connected to the discharge end of the diverter pipe (9).

6. A carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquefied storage assembly comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank (18), a diversion pump (16) is arranged at the feed end of the carbon dioxide storage tank (18), a recovery pipe (15) is arranged between the diversion pump (16) and the gas-liquid separator (13), and the discharge end of the carbon dioxide storage tank (18) is connected to a cryogenic pump (17).

7. The carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-efficiency filler layer (19) adopts a structure with high specific surface area and low pressure drop characteristics to improve the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency.

8. The carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lean and rich amine liquid heat exchanger (7) adopts a plate heat exchanger to improve the heat exchange efficiency and reduce the equipment footprint.

9. The carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-stage air cooler (11) adopts variable frequency speed regulation technology to automatically adjust the fan speed according to the ambient temperature and process requirements, thereby optimizing the cooling effect and saving power consumption.

10. The carbon dioxide capture and liquefaction device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide storage tank (18) adopts a double-layer vacuum insulation design, which effectively reduces heat loss and prolongs the storage time of liquefied carbon dioxide.

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