Platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich atmosphere as well as preparation and application of platinum-based catalyst

Abstract

The invention relates to a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and preparation and application thereof, the composition of the catalyst is Pt / M1-M2Ox, Pt is an active component, and the content of Pt is 0.10-5.00 wt.%; m1 is an auxiliary agent and is selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn oxides, and the mass fraction of M1 in the catalyst is 0.01-5.00 wt.%; the carrier is M2Ox oxide, and M2 is one of Zr, Ti, Al and Si. Compared with the prior art, the Pt / M1-M2Ox catalyst has the advantages that the chemical state of the noble metal is adjusted by the aid of the aid M1, and the Pt / M1-M2Ox catalyst has excellent CO-PROX reaction activity and stability. The preparation method has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, high stability, good repeatability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of catalytic technology and hydrogen purification, and in particular to a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's social economy and industrial energy, traditional energy has gradually seen a supply gap, and its environmentally unfriendly characteristics have gradually magnified. In the context of global "carbon neutrality" energy, facing increasingly serious environmental problems, the development and utilization of new clean renewable energy has become the key to breaking through the problem. Among them, various types of fuel cells are expected to become the main force of the new generation of energy with their excellent energy conversion efficiency, renewability, and zero pollution.

[0003] After nearly half a century of research and development, fuel cells currently mainly include alkaline fuel cells (AFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), etc. Among them, PEMFC does not involve hydrogen and oxygen combustion in the power generation process, so it is not limited by the Carnot cycle and shows ideal energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the corresponding operating temperature is low (80℃), the low temperature start-up performance is good, and the life is long. It has the potential to be applied in industrial and commercial fields, and has become a research hotspot in the current new energy field.

[0004] PEMFC uses hydrogen as fuel. Since the storage and transportation of hydrogen (H2) are dangerous, online hydrogen production is generally carried out through liquid organic fuel, natural gas reforming or steam conversion of alcohol. The H2 obtained at this time will contain a small amount of CO (10-20%). Even through the water-gas shift reaction, the CO content is still maintained at about 3%, far exceeding the upper limit of the tolerance of the Pt electrode to CO in the PEMFC (10ppm). After the Pt electrode is poisoned, the battery efficiency will be reduced or even completely fail. Therefore, it is necessary to remove a small amount of CO from a large amount of H2. However, CO oxidation and H2 oxidation in hydrogen-rich gas are in a competitive relationship. Therefore, an efficient catalyst that can selectively oxidize CO (CO Preferential Oxidation, CO-PROX) is needed to convert CO while avoiding or reducing the consumption of H2 as much as possible.

[0005] At present, the catalysts used for the preferential catalytic oxidation of CO in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere are mainly divided into supported precious metal (Pt, Pd, Ru, Au) catalysts and transition metal composite oxide catalysts.

[0006] Chinese patent CN110961103A discloses the use of a colloidal method to prepare gold nanoparticles of small size and uniform distribution, and then depositing PbO2 on the Au / TiO2 catalyst interface by a photodeposition method. Although the PbO2 / Au / TiO2 obtained by this technology shows ideal activity in the CO-PROX reaction, the preparation process of the catalyst involves organic reagents and heavy metal elements, which is not environmentally friendly. In addition, the feed concentration of the CO2 resistance performance under the measured atmosphere is low, and the preparation process is also very complicated.

[0007] Chinese patent CN117797830A discloses a low-load Pt-based catalyst, including a carrier, a transition metal oxide, and Pt. Although this catalyst has shown good performance in the CO-PROX reaction under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, the low-carbon alcohol and coupling agent used in its preparation method are prone to secondary pollution to the environment, and the thermal stability of the carrier carbon nanotubes limits its application under actual working conditions.

[0008] Chinese patent CN116037192A discloses a supported Pt-based catalyst that can reduce the CO content in the feed gas to below 0.2 ppm in the temperature range of 75-95°C. However, the catalyst preparation process is complicated and uses a large amount of organic reagents, which is not conducive to industrial scale-up and environmental protection, and the catalyst has poor resistance to water and carbon dioxide.

[0009] In summary, green catalysts with high activity, high stability and industrial application potential in the CO-PROX reaction under hydrogen-rich atmosphere still need to be further developed to meet actual industrial needs. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a platinum-based catalyst with high activity and good stability for the preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and a preparation method thereof, and the catalyst exhibits good resistance to water and carbon dioxide.

[0011] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0012] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, wherein the composition of the catalyst is Pt / M1-M2O x , wherein Pt is an active component, and its content is 0.10-5.00wt.%; M1 is an additive, and is selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn oxides, and the mass fraction of M1 in the catalyst is 0.01-5.00wt.%; the carrier is M2O x Oxide, M2 is one of Zr, Ti, Al, and Si.

[0013] Furthermore, the active component Pt exists in the catalyst in the form of nanoparticles, with an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 nm, and is in a metallic state.

[0014] Furthermore, M1 exists on the surface of M2Ox in a highly dispersed form, and Pt is deposited on M1, that is, both Pt and M1 are co-located.

[0015] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) Preparation of M1-M2O by equal volume impregnation method x :

[0017] The M1 precursor was dissolved in deionized water, and M2O was added to the resulting solution. x The powder was ultrasonically stirred, allowed to stand at room temperature, dried, and the obtained powder was calcined at 400-800°C in static air for 3-5 hours to obtain the doped carrier M1-M2O x ;

[0018] (2) The preparation of Pt / M1-M2O by equal volume impregnation method x :

[0019] The Pt precursor was dissolved in deionized water, and the M1-M2O prepared in step (1) was added to the resulting solution. x The powder was ultrasonically stirred, allowed to stand at room temperature, dried, and the obtained powder was calcined at 400-600°C in static air for 4-6 hours to obtain Pt / M1-M2O x .

[0020] Furthermore, the amount of deionized water used in step (1) is such that the final solution volume corresponds to M2O x saturated water absorption.

[0021] Furthermore, the M1 precursor in step (1) is selected from one or more of iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate or zinc nitrate;

[0022] M2O in step (1) x The powder is one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide or titanium oxide.

[0023] Furthermore, the amount of deionized water used in step (2) is such that the final solution volume corresponds to M1-M2O x saturated water absorption.

[0024] Furthermore, the precursor of Pt in step (2) is selected from one of platinum nitrate, chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate or tetraammineplatinum nitrate.

[0025] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of a platinum-based catalyst for the preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, and to use the catalyst for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.

[0026] Furthermore, a fixed bed reactor is used for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, the reaction pressure is atmospheric pressure, the reaction gas composition is: 0.5-2.0 vol.% CO, 30.0-90.0 vol.% H2, 0.1-1.0 vol.% O2, 0.0-20.0 vol.% CO2, 0.0-20.0 vol.% H2O, N2 is used as the balance gas, and the reaction mass space velocity is 20 000-60000 mL·gcat -1 ·h -1 .

[0027] Pt / M1-M2O x It can maintain 100% CO conversion rate within the upper and lower range of PEMFC operating temperature and maintain good stability during long-term reaction process without being affected by water vapor or carbon dioxide.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention uses metal oxides such as Zr, Ti, Al, Si as carriers, and uses Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn as additives, and loads M1 onto the carrier M2O by an equal volume impregnation method. x M1-M2O was prepared on x .M2O X It has a large specific surface area and mechanical strength. After the introduction of M1, M2O is further improved. X The oxygen activation ability of the material itself can also provide an anchor point for the subsequent loading of the precious metal component Pt, so that it can be better dispersed and stabilized, thus improving the Pt / M1-M2O x Catalyst performance in CO-PROX reaction under hydrogen-rich atmosphere. x The cations or metal species on the surface provide additional activation sites for O2, thus solving the problem of low catalytic activity of the catalyst due to insufficient O2 activation at low temperatures. In addition, M1 also affects the electronic state of the precious metal active center Pt. Since M1 and Pt are distributed in the same position, the M1-modified Pt surface is slightly positively charged, which provides the reactant CO with a suitable adsorption activation strength, ultimately making Pt / M1-M2O x The catalyst exhibits high reactivity in the CO-PROX reaction under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.

[0030] 2. In the process of preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, the catalyst of the present invention is not prone to CO2 accumulation on the surface of the precious metal active site Pt, and is not prone to loss of active components in water vapor, showing good water and carbon dioxide resistance.

[0031] 3. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, low in cost, easy to operate and can be scaled up, has high repeatability, does not require the use of organic solvents, and is green and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The performance diagram of the catalyst prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 for preferential catalytic oxidation of CO in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a test chart of the stability of the CO-PROX reaction of the catalyst prepared in Example 1 in the presence of water and carbon dioxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere is prepared by the following method:

[0037] (1) Determine and record the saturated water absorption rate corresponding to 1.00g SiO2, which is about 1.00mL. To load 0.1wt.% Ni, take 34μL of Ni(NO3)2 solution (Ni concentration: 0.5M) and dilute it to 1.00mL with deionized water, pour it into the SiO2 carrier, stir it ultrasonically for 30min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2h, transfer it to a 60℃ oven for drying, grind the obtained solid into powder, and calcine it at 400℃ under static air for 3h, which is recorded as 0.1Ni / SiO2.

[0038] (2) Using 0.1Ni / SiO2 as a carrier, it is intended to load 0.5wt.% Pt. Take 253μL of Pt(NO3)2 solution (Pt concentration: 0.019g / mL), dilute it to 1.00mL with deionized water, pour it into the 0.1Ni / SiO2 carrier, stir it ultrasonically for 30min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2h. Transfer it to a 60℃ oven for drying. Grind the obtained solid into powder, and calcine it at 400℃ under static air for 3h. Record it as 0.5Pt / 0.1Ni-SiO2.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The content of loaded metal Ni in step (1) of Example 1 was changed from 0.1 wt. % to 0.5 wt. %, and the remaining steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.5Pt / 0.5Ni-SiO2.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The content of loaded metal Ni in step (1) of Example 1 was changed from 0.1 wt. % to 1.0 wt. %, and the remaining steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.5Pt / 1.0Ni-SiO2.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] A platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere is prepared by the following method:

[0045] (1) Determine and record the saturated water absorption rate corresponding to 1.00g SiO2, which is about 1.00mL. To load 0.1wt.% Fe, take 36μL of Fe(NO3)3 solution (Fe concentration: 0.5M) and dilute it to 1.00mL with deionized water, pour it into the SiO2 carrier, stir it ultrasonically for 30min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2h, transfer it to a 60℃ oven for drying, grind the obtained solid into powder, and calcine it at 400℃ under static air for 3h, which is recorded as 0.1Fe / SiO2.

[0046] (2) Using 0.1Fe / SiO2 as a carrier, it is intended to load 0.5wt.% Pt. Take 253μL of Pt(NO3)2 solution (Pt concentration: 0.019g / mL), dilute it to 1.00mL with deionized water, pour it into the 0.1Fe / SiO2 carrier, stir it ultrasonically for 30min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2h. Transfer it to a 60℃ oven for drying. Grind the obtained solid into powder, and calcine it at 400℃ under static air for 3h. Record it as 0.5Pt / 0.1Fe-SiO2.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] The content of loaded metal Fe in step (1) of Example 4 was changed from 0.1 wt. % to 0.5 wt. %, and the remaining steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.5Pt / 0.5Fe-SiO2.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] The content of loaded metal Fe in step (1) of Example 4 was changed from 0.1 wt. % to 1.0 wt. %, and the remaining steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.5Pt / 1.0Fe-SiO2.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] The Pt content in Example 4 was changed from 0.5wt.% to 0.1wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.1Pt / 0.1Fe-SiO2.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] The Pt content in Example 4 was changed from 0.5wt.% to 1wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 1Pt / 0.1Fe-SiO2.

[0055] Example 9

[0056] The Pt content in Example 4 was changed from 0.5wt.% to 5wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 5Pt / 0.1Fe-SiO2.

[0057] Example 10

[0058] The Fe content in Example 4 was changed from 0.1wt.% to 0.01wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.5Pt / 0.01Fe-SiO2.

[0059] Embodiment 11

[0060] The Fe content in Example 4 was changed from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, and the other steps remained unchanged. The final catalyst was recorded as 0.5Pt / 5Fe-SiO2.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] Determine and record the saturated water absorption rate corresponding to 1.00g SiO2, which is about 1.00mL. To load 0.5wt.% Pt, take 253μL of Pt(NO3)2 solution (Pt concentration: 0.019g / mL) and dilute it to 1.00mL with deionized water, pour it into the SiO2 carrier, stir it ultrasonically for 30min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2h, transfer it to a 60℃ oven to dry, grind the obtained solid into powder, and calcine it at 400℃ for 3h under static air, record it as 0.5Pt / SiO2.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] Determine and record the saturated water absorption rate corresponding to 1.00g SiO2, which is about 1.00mL. To load 0.1wt.% Ni, take 34μL of Ni(NO3)2 solution (Ni concentration: 0.5M) and dilute it to 1.00mL with deionized water, pour it into the SiO2 carrier, stir it ultrasonically for 30min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2h, transfer it to a 60℃ oven to dry, grind the obtained solid into powder, and calcine it at 400℃ under static air for 3h, record it as 0.1Ni / SiO2.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] In Comparative Example 2, the Ni loading amount of 0.1wt.% was changed to 0.5wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged, recorded as 0.5Ni / SiO2.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] In Comparative Example 2, the Ni loading amount of 0.1wt.% was changed to 1.0wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged, recorded as 1.0Ni / SiO2.

[0069] Comparative Example 5

[0070] In Comparative Example 2, the Ni loading is changed to Fe loading, and the other steps remain unchanged, recorded as 0.1Fe / SiO2.

[0071] Comparative Example 6

[0072] In Comparative Example 5, the Fe loading amount of 0.1wt.% was changed to 0.5wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged, recorded as 0.5Fe / SiO2.

[0073] Comparative Example 7

[0074] In Comparative Example 5, the Fe loading amount of 0.1wt.% was changed to 1.0wt.%, and the other steps remained unchanged, recorded as 1.0Fe / SiO2.

[0075] Catalyst performance test

[0076] The calcined powder catalyst was tableted and sieved, and the particle samples between 40 and 60 meshes were taken for the reaction evaluation of CO preferential oxidation in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere in a fixed bed reactor. The reaction heating rate was 2.5℃ / min, and the test temperature range was 25-250℃. The sample was first reduced at 200℃ in a 10vol.%H2 / N2 atmosphere for 1h, and then the performance test was performed. The performance test conditions were: total gas flow rate 50mL / min, gas composition 1vol.%CO, 50vol.%H2, 1vol.%O2, N2 balance, mass space velocity 20,000mL·gcat -1 ·h -1 .

[0077] Catalyst stability test

[0078] Take 40-60 mesh samples and reduce them in 10vol.%H2 / N2 atmosphere at 200℃ for 1h, switch to N2 atmosphere, control the temperature at 110℃, and conduct stability test for 1000min. Performance test conditions are: total gas flow rate 50mL / min, gas composition 1vol.%CO, 50vol.%H2, 1vol.%O2, 15vol.%CO2, 10vol.%H2O, N2 balance, mass space velocity 20000mL·gcat -1 ·h -1 .

[0079] The gas entering and leaving the fixed bed was detected by a gas chromatograph equipped with FID and TCD detectors, and the CO conversion rate and O2 selectivity were calculated.

[0080] The CO conversion rate is calculated as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, [CO] inlet is the chromatographic peak area corresponding to CO in the intake air, [CO] outlet is the chromatographic area corresponding to CO in the outlet gas.

[0083] The calculation method of O2 conversion rate is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, [O2] inlet is the chromatographic peak area corresponding to O2 in the intake air, [O2] outlet is the chromatographic peak area corresponding to O2 in the outlet gas.

[0086] The O2 selectivity calculation method is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, X CO is the conversion rate of CO, X O2 is the conversion rate of O2, and λ is the ratio of CO and O2 content in the feed gas.

[0089] The catalysts obtained in each embodiment and comparative example were subjected to the above performance test, and the results are as follows:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] As can be seen from the above table, the catalysts obtained in Examples 1-6 can completely convert CO with a content of only 1% near the operating temperature (80°C) of PEMFC in a hydrogen-rich environment with a hydrogen content of 50%. However, in Comparative Example 1, the precious metal Pt was loaded on SiO2. Although it can also completely convert CO, the conversion temperature needs to reach 174°C. Other Comparative Examples 2-7 cannot completely convert CO. In the stability test, the test environment contains 15vol.% CO2 and 10vol.% H2O. The catalysts obtained in Examples 1-11 were not observed to be deactivated in the test for more than 1000min, all of which showed good resistance to water and carbon dioxide, indicating that the catalysts have good stability and can achieve long-term purification of CO under application conditions, providing a conditional basis for adapting to reaction environments of different temperatures. Compared with single metal comparative examples 1-7, the introduction of Ni and Fe intuitively improves the activity and stability of the catalyst.

[0093] It can be seen from Examples 4, 7-9 that when the content of precious metal Pt increases, the CO full conversion temperature point of the corresponding catalyst decreases, the temperature window widens, and CO purification and removal can be achieved in a wider temperature range. It can be seen from Examples 1-3, 4-6, 10, and 11 that when the content of M1 is around 0.1wt.%, the catalytic performance is the best. When the M1 content is further reduced or increased, the CO full conversion temperature window is shortened, but it can still meet the working requirements of PEMFC and always show good stability.

[0094] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the 0.5Pt / 0.1Ni-SiO2 catalyst can achieve a 100% CO conversion rate at 80-160°C, and the performance in the low-temperature section is significantly improved, much higher than the control samples 0.5Pt / SiO2 and 0.1Ni / SiO2. This shows that the introduction of Ni helps CO to complete the conversion to CO2 at a lower temperature, which is attributed to the additional activation sites of O2.

[0095] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that no deactivation phenomenon was observed in the 0.5Pt / 0.1Ni-SiO2 catalyst in the 1000 min long-term stability test carried out at 110°C in a reaction atmosphere containing water vapor and carbon dioxide, indicating that the catalyst has good stability.

[0096] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, characterized in that: The composition of the catalyst is Pt / M1-M2O x , wherein Pt is an active component, and its content is 0.10-5.00wt.%; M1 is an additive, and is selected from one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn oxides, and the mass fraction of M1 in the catalyst is 0.01-5.00wt.%; the carrier is M2O x Oxide, M2 is one of Zr, Ti, Al and Si.

2. The platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active component Pt exists in the catalyst in the form of nanoparticles, with a corresponding average particle size of 0.5 to 10 nm, and is in a metallic state.

3. The platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that: M1 exists on the surface of M2Ox in a highly dispersed form, and Pt is deposited on M1, that is, Pt and M1 are co-located.

4. A method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of M1-M2O by equal volume impregnation method x : The M1 precursor was dissolved in deionized water, and M2O was added to the resulting solution. x The powder was ultrasonically stirred, allowed to stand at room temperature, dried, and the obtained powder was calcined at 400-800°C in static air for 3-5 hours to obtain the doped carrier M1-M2O x ; (2) The preparation of Pt / M1-M2O by equal volume impregnation method x : The Pt precursor was dissolved in deionized water, and the M1-M2O prepared in step (1) was added to the resulting solution. x The powder was ultrasonically stirred, allowed to stand at room temperature, dried, and the obtained powder was calcined at 400-600°C in static air for 4-6 hours to obtain Pt / M1-M2O x .

5. The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of deionized water used in step (1) is such that the final solution volume corresponds to M2O x saturated water absorption.

6. The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 4, characterized in that: The M1 precursor in step (1) is selected from one or more of iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate or zinc nitrate; M2O in step (1) x The powder is one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide or titanium oxide.

7. The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of deionized water used in step (2) is such that the final solution volume corresponds to M1-M2O x saturated water absorption.

8. The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Pt precursor described in step (2) is selected from one of platinum nitrate, chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate or tetraammineplatinum nitrate.

9. Use of a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The catalyst is used for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.

10. The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst for preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere according to claim 9, characterized in that: A fixed bed reactor is used for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. The reaction pressure is atmospheric pressure. The reaction gas composition is: 0.5-2.0 vol.% CO, 30.0-90.0 vol.% H2, 0.1-1.0 vol.% O2, 0.0-20.0 vol.% CO2, 0.0-20.0 vol.% H2O, with N2 as the balance gas, and the reaction mass space velocity is 20 000-60 000 mL·gcat -1 ·h -1 .

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