Preparation method of non-close-packed regularly-arranged ceramic ball reinforced composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a non-close-stacking regularly-arranged ceramic ball reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps: step 1, arranging ceramic balls on grids of a first layer of silk screen, then arranging a second layer of silk screen to cover the arranged first layer of ceramic balls, then continuously arranging the second layer of ceramic balls on the second layer of silk screen, and finally arranging the second layer of ceramic balls on the second layer of silk screen; placing a third layer of silk screen, and so on until the required layer number is reached, forming a silk screen positioning ceramic ball structure prefabricated body, and limiting the upper part and the lower part of each ceramic ball of the silk screen positioning ceramic ball structure prefabricated body in grids of two adjacent layers of silk screens; and 2, the silk screen positioning ceramic ball structure prefabricated body is placed in a mold, matrix metal is injected into the mold for casting forming, and the non-close-packed regularly-arranged ceramic ball reinforced composite material is obtained. The preparation method has the advantages that the raw material cost and the process cost are low, casting pores are not easy to form, the applicable casting processes are multiple, and the arrangement rule of the ceramic balls can be designed in a diversified manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for preparing a ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material, belonging to the technical field of composite material preparation. Background Art

[0002] High-performance ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite materials are composite materials made of high-strength ceramic balls such as Al2O3, SiC, B4C, ZrO2 as reinforcements and high-toughness metal materials such as aluminum-based, iron-based, titanium-based alloys as the matrix. They have excellent wear resistance, cutting resistance, explosion resistance, impact resistance and other properties, and can be made into protective plates for safes, vehicles, ships, lifeboats and other equipment.

[0003] In the current preparation technology of ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite materials, ceramic balls are mostly distributed in the metal matrix in the form of close-packed or free-packed stacking. For example, the Chinese invention patent "A metal-ceramic gradient composite armor and its preparation method" with application publication number CN 110895122A adopts suction casting to prepare a metal-ceramic ball gradient composite material with multiple layers of ceramic balls tightly packed; the Chinese invention patent "A metal-based ceramic composite material and its manufacturing method and application" with application publication number CN 103667849A adopts wire mesh to separate freely stacked ceramic layers to prepare metal-based ceramic composite materials; the Chinese invention patent "A multi-scale ceramic reinforced aluminum-based composite material containing close-packed bodies and its preparation method" with application publication number CN 110499434A adopts pressure infiltration to prepare close-packed ceramic balls and ceramic columns reinforced aluminum-based composite materials.

[0004] However, this distribution of ceramic balls is not the optimal solution for material performance. According to the simulation results, the ceramic balls are arranged according to certain rules, and there is a certain distance between the ceramic balls, which can better exert the material's anti-explosion and anti-impact protection performance. In addition, high-performance ceramic balls are generally more expensive, and the regular arrangement of non-dense stacking can also effectively reduce the raw material cost of the material. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop non-dense regularly arranged ceramic balls reinforced metal matrix composites.

[0005] The Chinese invention patents with application publication number CN 113899249A, "A metal-encapsulated ceramic ball composite armor, preparation method and multi-shot resistant lightweight target plate" and the Chinese invention patents with application publication number CN 113959264A, "A non-densely stacked ceramic ball reinforced aluminum-based composite armor and its preparation method", introduce a preparation method of a non-densely stacked regularly arranged ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite material: take a metal plate, dig out circular holes according to certain rules, place ceramic balls in the holes to fix the position of a layer of ceramic balls, and then assemble multiple layers of metal plates with ceramic balls into a preform, and then perform high-temperature infiltration to prepare a ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite material. This method can prepare non-densely stacked ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite materials, but there are also some problems, such as the cumbersome process of digging holes in the metal plate and assembling it into a preform and high cost; the metal plate and the infiltrated metal liquid need to form a good bond, which requires surface treatment, further increasing the cost. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a simpler and lower-cost preparation method of a non-densely packed regularly arranged ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material in view of the above technical status.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a method for preparing a composite material reinforced with non-densely packed regularly arranged ceramic balls, characterized in that it includes:

[0008] Step 1: Arrange the ceramic balls on the mesh of the first layer of wire mesh, then place the second layer of wire mesh to cover the arranged first layer of ceramic balls, then continue to arrange and place the second layer of ceramic balls on the second layer of wire mesh, and then cover the third layer of wire mesh, and so on, until the required number of layers is reached, forming a wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform, wherein the upper and lower parts of each ceramic ball of the wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform are confined within the mesh of the two adjacent layers of wire mesh;

[0009] Step 2: The wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform is placed in a mold, and a matrix metal is injected into the mold for casting to obtain a non-densely packed regularly arranged ceramic ball reinforced composite material.

[0010] Preferably, the material strength of the wire mesh can meet the requirement of supporting the wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform for position transfer. During production, the wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform can be made in advance in a suitable processing environment and then transferred to a mold for subsequent casting.

[0011] Preferably, the material melting point of the wire mesh is higher than that of the base metal, thereby ensuring that the wire mesh-positioned ceramic ball structure preform does not deform during the high-temperature casting process to cause the position of the ceramic balls to change.

[0012] Furthermore, the screen is surface treated to facilitate bonding with the base metal.

[0013] Preferably, the wire mesh can be made of steel wire mesh, titanium wire mesh, etc.

[0014] Preferably, the mesh of the wire mesh is square, triangular, rhombus, circular or irregular, and other weaving methods may be used to form a mixture of different types of meshes.

[0015] Preferably, the mesh size of the mesh for fixing the ceramic balls in the wire mesh can satisfy the requirement that the ceramic balls cannot pass through the mesh, and that the ceramic balls will not be squeezed against each other when arranged with one mesh interval.

[0016] The arrangement rule on the screen is designed as needed. Specifically, the ceramic balls on the same layer are arranged on the screen with a spacing of one grid, or the ceramic balls on the same layer are arranged on the screen with a spacing of at least two grids.

[0017] Furthermore, each layer of ceramic balls except the first layer is arranged staggered with the ceramic balls of the previous layer.

[0018] There are multiple optional casting methods for casting. Preferably, the casting method used for casting is gravity casting, extrusion casting, differential pressure casting or pressure infiltration. Especially when extrusion casting is used, a ceramic ball reinforced metal composite material with better toughness can be obtained.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) it saves the number of ceramic balls, has low wire mesh cost and simple process; (2) the pores in the wire mesh-positioned ceramic ball structure preform are large, the flow of matrix metal liquid is almost unobstructed, it is not easy to form casting pores, and many casting processes are applicable; (3) the arrangement rules of the ceramic balls can be designed in a variety of ways and are easy to implement. The distance between the ceramic balls can be adjusted by adjusting the mesh aperture and the wire mesh weaving method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the screen weaving method of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of ceramic balls according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the screen weaving method of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of ceramic balls according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the screen weaving method of embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of ceramic balls according to Example 3 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the screen weaving method of embodiment 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The preparation of non-densely packed regularly arranged ceramic ball reinforced composite materials requires the preparation of wire mesh and ceramic balls. The material strength of the wire mesh in this embodiment needs to be able to meet the requirements of supporting the wire mesh to position the ceramic ball structure preform for position transfer. In this embodiment, titanium metal is used to make the titanium wire mesh.

[0030] The mesh size used to fix the ceramic balls in the screen can meet the requirement that the ceramic balls cannot pass through the mesh and that the ceramic balls will not be squeezed when they are arranged with one mesh interval. Figure 1 The wire mesh shown is used to fix the ceramic balls, the size of which is 200mm*200mm, the mesh is square, and the side length is 5mm; the ceramic balls are Al2O3 ceramic balls, and the diameter is 6mm.

[0031] The first step is to fix the first layer of titanium wire mesh, and arrange the ceramic balls on the mesh of the first layer of titanium wire mesh in a way that one is placed every other mesh. Figure 2 As shown. Then put the second layer of wire mesh to cover the arranged first layer of ceramic balls, then continue to arrange and place the second layer of ceramic balls on the second layer of wire mesh, put the third layer of wire mesh, and so on, finally forming a wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform with 5 layers of wire mesh and 4 layers of ceramic balls. The upper and lower parts of each ceramic ball of the wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform are limited in the grids of the two adjacent layers of wire mesh, and each layer of ceramic balls except the first layer are staggered and arranged with the previous layer of ceramic balls.

[0032] In the second step, the wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform is placed in a casting mold, and then a metal with a melting point lower than the wire mesh material is used as the base metal for casting. In this embodiment, molten steel is selected as the base metal for extrusion casting, and finally an Al2O3 ceramic ball reinforced steel-based composite material is obtained.

[0033] The arrangement rule on the screen can be designed as required, or the ceramic balls in the same layer can be arranged on the screen in a manner of being spaced apart by two or more grids.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment uses a steel wire mesh, such as Figure 3 As shown, the size is 200mm*200mm, with grids of different sizes, where the larger grid is used to place ceramic balls. This grid is square with a side length of 5mm; the ceramic balls are ZrO2 ceramic balls with a diameter of 8mm. The arrangement of the ceramic balls is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the ceramic balls are arranged in a manner of placing one ceramic ball every other mesh of the above type, and finally a wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform with 4 layers of wire mesh and 3 layers of ceramic balls is formed. In this embodiment, aluminum liquid is used as the matrix metal for gravity casting, and finally a ZrO2 ceramic ball reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is obtained.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment uses a steel wire mesh, such as Figure 5 As shown, the size is 200mm*200mm, the grid is a regular triangle with a side length of 5mm; the ceramic ball is a SiC ceramic ball with a diameter of 4mm. The ceramic balls are arranged as follows Figure 6 As shown, the ceramic balls are arranged in a grid-like manner, and finally a wire mesh-positioned ceramic ball structure preform with 6 layers of wire mesh and 5 layers of ceramic balls is formed. In this embodiment, aluminum liquid is used as the matrix metal for differential pressure casting, and finally a SiC ceramic ball reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is obtained.

[0038] Example 4

[0039] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the screen of this embodiment is as follows Figure 7 As shown, there are grids of different sizes, wherein the larger grid is used to place ceramic balls, and the grid is a regular hexagon.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a composite material reinforced with non-densely packed regularly arranged ceramic balls, characterized in that: include Step 1: Arrange the ceramic balls on the mesh of the first layer of wire mesh, then place the second layer of wire mesh to cover the arranged first layer of ceramic balls, then continue to arrange and place the second layer of ceramic balls on the second layer of wire mesh, and then cover the third layer of wire mesh, and so on, until the required number of layers is reached, forming a wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform, wherein the upper and lower parts of each ceramic ball of the wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform are confined within the mesh of the two adjacent layers of wire mesh; Step 2: The wire mesh positioning ceramic ball structure preform is placed in a mold, and a matrix metal is injected into the mold for casting to obtain a non-densely packed regularly arranged ceramic ball reinforced composite material.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material strength of the wire mesh can meet the requirement of supporting the wire mesh to position the ceramic ball structure preform for position transfer.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material melting point of the wire mesh is higher than that of the base metal.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire mesh is surface treated to make it easy to combine with the base metal.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire mesh is a steel wire mesh or a titanium wire mesh.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh of the wire mesh is square, triangle, diamond, circle or special shape.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh size for fixing the ceramic balls in the wire mesh can satisfy the requirement that the ceramic balls cannot pass through the mesh, and when the ceramic balls are arranged with one mesh interval, they will not be squeezed against each other.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic balls in the same layer are arranged on the wire mesh in a manner of being spaced one grid apart, or the ceramic balls in the same layer are arranged on the wire mesh in a manner of being spaced at least two grid apart.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of ceramic balls except the first layer is arranged staggered with the ceramic balls of the previous layer.

10. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The casting method used in the casting is gravity casting, squeeze casting, differential pressure casting or pressure infiltration.

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