A biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and discloses a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicines, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the biofertilizer is prepared by combining herbal extracts such as astragalus, dandelion, forsythia, gallnut, and liquorice with Chinese herbal medicine residues such as honeysuckle residue, tobacco residue, malt residue, yeast residue, sophora flavescens residue, coptis chinensis residue, and stemonae residue, and is combined with organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and is fermented by composite microorganisms. The obtained biofertilizer is not only comprehensive in nutrients and easy to absorb, but also rich in natural antibacterial, anthelmintic substances and active microorganisms, which helps to promote crop growth and enhance disease and insect resistance. At the same time, long-term use can improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility and microecological balance, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby achieving the effects of increased production and efficiency, green environmental protection, and sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicines, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In current agricultural production, the excessive use of traditional chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides has become a problem that cannot be ignored. Although these chemical inputs can quickly increase yields and control pests and diseases, long-term use will cause soil compaction and nutrient imbalance, disrupt the structure of soil microbial communities, and cause frequent soil-borne diseases. At the same time, the excessive dependence of crops on chemical fertilizers also weakens their own resistance and adaptability. In addition, the problem of chemical pesticide residues will subtly affect the quality of agricultural products and human health. Although the application of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers in recent years has provided a certain path to improve this problem, pure organic fertilizers are often difficult to meet the demand for rapid nutrient supply, and the application of pure microbial preparations is also unstable in actual environments, and lacks long-term protection against specific pests and diseases.

[0003] In this technological context, there is an urgent need for a new fertilizer solution that can provide comprehensive and easily absorbed nutrients while improving soil microecology and enhancing crop resistance to disease and insects, in order to achieve the comprehensive goals of stabilizing yields, reducing chemical inputs, protecting the ecological environment, and improving the quality of agricultural products. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, a preparation method and an application thereof, which solve the technical problems of the existing fertilizers damaging the soil microecology, the insufficient resistance of crops to diseases and pests, and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, the biofertilizer comprising the following components: The herbal extract comprises: astragalus extract, dandelion extract, forsythia extract, gallnut extract, and liquorice extract; Herbal medicine residue, the components of which include: honeysuckle residue, tobacco residue, malt residue, yeast residue, sophora flavescens residue, coptis chinensis residue, and stemona truncatula residue; Biofertilizer ingredients, including organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; Fermentation agents, including composite microbial fermentation agents.

[0006] Preferably, the mass fractions of the components of the herbal extract are: Astragalus extract: 15-25 parts; Dandelion extract: 10-20 parts; Forsythia suspensa extract: 8-15 parts; Gallnut extract: 5-10 parts; Licorice extract: 5-10 parts.

[0007] Preferably, the mass fractions of the components of the herbal residue are: Honeysuckle residue: 2-5 parts; Tobacco residue: 2-5 parts; Malt residue: 1-3 parts; Yeast residue: 0.5-1 part; Sophora flavescens residue: 1-3 parts; Coptis chinensis residue: 1-2 parts; Stemona slag: 1-2 portions.

[0008] Preferably, the mass fractions of each component of the biological fertilizer are: Organic fertilizer: 30-50 parts; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers: 5-15 parts.

[0009] Preferably, the composite microbial fermentation agent includes beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast in a mass fraction of 0.1-0.5 parts.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing astragalus, dandelion, forsythia, gallnut, and liquorice with water, and soaking and extracting the mixture to obtain a herbal extract; (2) drying the residues of honeysuckle, tobacco, malt, yeast, Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis, and Stemona japonica; (3) Mix the herbal extract and herbal residue in proportion, add organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and mix them evenly; (4) adding a composite microbial fermentation agent to the mixture for fermentation at a temperature of 30-40° C. for 10-15 days; (5) After fermentation, the product is concentrated and filtered to obtain the final biofertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation step of the herbal extract comprises mixing the herbal medicine with water at a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5, and soaking the mixture at 25-35° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain the herbal extract.

[0012] Preferably, the drying temperature of the herbal residue is 45-55° C., and the drying time is 12-24 hours.

[0013] Preferably, during the fermentation process, the humidity is controlled between 60% and 70%, and the fermented food is turned over every 2-3 days to ensure uniform fermentation.

[0014] The present invention also provides an application of the biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine in promoting the growth of crops, resisting diseases and insects, improving soil fertility and improving soil microecology.

[0015] The present invention provides a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine and a preparation method and application thereof. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The Chinese herbal biofertilizer of the present invention combines multiple herbal active ingredients with fertilizer ingredients rich in organic matter and multiple nutrients, which can provide comprehensive and easily absorbed nutrients for crops. During use, these herbal extracts and the beneficial bacteria produced by fermentation work together to promote the development of crop root systems and vigorous growth of stems and leaves, which is beneficial to improving photosynthesis efficiency and nutrient utilization, thereby making crop plants healthier and having higher yields.

[0016] 2. The natural antibacterial and insect repellent active substances contained in the Chinese herbal medicine ingredients such as Forsythia suspensa, Galla chinensis, Sophora flavescens and tobacco residues in the present invention can effectively reduce the reproduction and invasion of pathogens and pests in the soil. After using the biofertilizer, the number and diversity of beneficial bacteria in the crop surface and rhizosphere environment increase, forming a stable microecological barrier, reducing the frequency and degree of damage of pests and diseases from the source.

[0017] 3. The organic fertilizer used in the present invention is mixed with rich Chinese herbal medicine residues for fermentation, which can increase the organic matter content in the soil. The fermentation products and herbal ingredients help to form and stabilize the soil aggregate structure, and improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil. At the same time, the soil microbial community is improved, the colonization rate of beneficial microorganisms is increased, and a better rhizosphere environment is provided for subsequent crop growth. Long-term use helps to achieve sustainable soil improvement.

[0018] 4. The composite microbial fermentation agent added in the present invention can quickly reproduce in the fertilizer and colonize in the soil environment after fertilization, and the beneficial bacteria, fungi, yeast and other microorganisms work synergistically to increase the number and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. These microorganisms decompose organic matter and transform nutrient elements while inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogens, ultimately maintaining a benign cycle and balance of soil microecology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The present invention provides a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, which can not only effectively provide nutrition for crops, but also enhance the immunity, disease resistance and insect resistance of plants, improve soil structure and enhance the soil microecological environment. The biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine provided by the present invention is mainly composed of four components: herbal extract, herbal residue, biofertilizer component and fermentation agent. The following is a detailed description of each component: Herbal extracts The herbal extract is an important component of the herbal synthetic biofertilizer of the present invention, and its main function is to provide the soil and crops with nutrients and auxiliary substances required for plant growth through the natural biological active ingredients in the herbs. The herbal extract is composed of astragalus, dandelion, forsythia, gallnut and licorice extracts, and the active substances are fully released and stably preserved through a specific ratio and preparation method, so as to be effectively combined with other components later.

[0021] As an option, the components of the herbal extract are as follows in proportion by weight: Astragalus extract: 15-25 parts; Dandelion extract: 10-20 parts; Forsythia suspensa extract: 8-15 parts; Gallnut extract: 5-10 parts; Licorice extract: 5-10 parts.

[0022] It should be noted that the range of these components has been optimized to ensure that they have good synergistic effects in plant nutrient supply, soil conditioning and microbial activation.

[0023] In this embodiment, the preparation of the herbal extract adopts conventional water extraction method combined with ultrasonic assisted extraction technology to fully release the active ingredients in the herbal medicine. Specifically, the herbal raw materials need to be processed through the following steps: After the herbal raw materials are weighed according to the above ratio, they need to be cleaned to remove surface impurities and contaminants. The cleaned herbs need to be cut into uniform particles of 2-5 mm for subsequent extraction operations.

[0024] As an option, the herbal granules are placed in an extraction container at a mass ratio of 1:4 to water. In one possible implementation, the extraction process includes the following two steps: Initial extraction: control the water temperature at 80-90℃, soak for 1 hour, and stir slowly to evenly release the active ingredients; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction: lower the temperature to 50-60°C, set the ultrasonic frequency to 20-30kHz, and extract for 20-40 minutes.

[0025] It should be noted that the action of ultrasound can destroy the cell wall structure of herbs, significantly improve the extraction efficiency, and ensure that the extract contains a higher concentration of bioactive substances.

[0026] After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through a 200-mesh filter to remove incompletely dissolved particles and fibrous materials. The filtered extract needs to be cooled to room temperature to prevent degradation of heat-sensitive active ingredients.

[0027] In some embodiments, the extract can also be concentrated to further increase the concentration of active ingredients. For example, the liquid volume can be reduced to 50% of the original volume by a low-temperature vacuum concentration device at 50-60°C to increase the content of active ingredients. The concentrated extract can be directly used in the subsequent mixing step, or diluted in proportion to match the use requirements of other components.

[0028] It is understandable that the extraction conditions of different herbs may affect the extraction efficiency and stability of active ingredients. Therefore, the extraction of Astragalus and Taraxacum officinale can be carried out at high temperature for a short time (such as 90°C for 30 minutes) to quickly release their polysaccharides and flavonoids, while the extraction of Forsythia suspensa, Galla chinensis and Licorice is more suitable at a lower temperature (such as 50-60°C) to reduce the degradation of tannic acid and flavonoids.

[0029] Specifically, astragalus extract is rich in polysaccharides and flavonoids, and the extract can be quantitatively analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and the concentration of the main active ingredient astragaloside IV is controlled in the range of 0.5-1.5 mg / mL.

[0030] The main components of dandelion extract are chlorogenic acid and polyphenols, and their quantitative analysis can be carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chlorogenic acid content in the extract needs to be maintained between 0.8-1.2 mg / mL to ensure that its antioxidant and nutritional functions are fully exerted.

[0031] Forsythia extract mainly contains flavonoids and alkaloids. The pH value is adjusted to between 6 and 7 by acid-base neutralization method, which can retain the stability of its antibacterial and bioactive ingredients to the greatest extent.

[0032] Tannic acid is the main active substance in the gallnut extract. Long-term high-temperature exposure should be avoided during the extraction process. The recovery rate of tannic acid can be further improved by cooling cycle extraction.

[0033] Licorice extract contains a large amount of glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoids. As an option, a small amount of ethanol (5%-10%, volume ratio) can be added during extraction to promote the release of fat-soluble components.

[0034] It should be noted that the mass fraction range of the herbal extract is not only based on the scientific research of its chemical composition content, but also optimized in combination with the requirements of subsequent fermentation and microbial activity in biofertilizer. The above technical solution can achieve efficient application of herbal extracts in different environments, while having good stability and operability.

[0035] It can be understood that the specific parameters and operating steps in this embodiment can be appropriately adjusted according to different application scenarios. For example, the concentration multiple of the extract, the ultrasonic frequency, the extraction time, etc. can be optimized and adjusted according to production requirements to maximize its effect and role in bio-fertilizer production.

[0036] Herbal dregs In the present invention, herbal residue is a byproduct after the effective ingredients are extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine extract, and is an important component of the Chinese herbal medicine synthetic biofertilizer. The herbal residue is rich in organic matter, cellulose and some residual bioactive substances, which can effectively improve the soil structure and provide nutrients required for the growth of microorganisms. Its characteristics determine the core position of herbal residue in biofertilizer, and through scientific treatment methods and reasonable proportions, it can fully exert its functions.

[0037] It should be noted that the processing process of herbal residue should not only maximize the retention of its effective ingredients, but also ensure that it is suitable for mixing and fermentation with other ingredients to achieve the best use effect of bio-fertilizer.

[0038] In this embodiment, the specific composition of the herbal residue includes the following components: honeysuckle residue, tobacco residue, malt residue, yeast residue, sophora flavescens residue, coptis chinensis residue and stemonae residue. The treatment method of each herbal residue after extraction is optimized to ensure that its physical properties and chemical composition are suitable for subsequent fermentation.

[0039] As an option, the herbal residue comes from the solid part left in the extraction process of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, and the extraction method includes water extraction, enzymatic extraction or ultrasonic extraction. In this possible implementation, the herbal residue after extraction retains the cellulose, polysaccharide compounds and some secondary metabolites in the Chinese herbal medicine. These substances have good biological activity and stability, and can provide rich substrates for subsequent fermentation.

[0040] Specifically: The honeysuckle residue is derived from the residual part after the water extract of honeysuckle is extracted, and its main components include polysaccharides, flavonoids and a small amount of amino acids, etc. In some embodiments, the honeysuckle residue is dried at 50° C. for 12 hours and then crushed to a particle size of 1-3 mm to increase the contact area with the leavening agent.

[0041] Tobacco residue is the solid residue after extracting alkaline bioactive substances from tobacco, and its main components are cellulose, a small amount of nicotine and amino compounds. For example, tobacco residue can be dried at 45-50°C for 15-18 hours and then cut into particles for fermentation.

[0042] Malt residue is the byproduct left after maltose extraction. It contains high concentrations of carbohydrates and can provide a carbon source for soil microorganisms. In one possible implementation, the malt residue can be used directly in fertilizer production after simple screening to remove impurities.

[0043] Yeast residue is mainly obtained by sedimentation during the preparation of yeast extract, which is rich in protein, peptides and trace elements. It should be noted that yeast residue needs to be processed under low temperature drying conditions (no higher than 50°C) to avoid high temperature causing protein denaturation.

[0044] The residues of Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis and Stemona radix are derived from the preparation process of extracts of these Chinese herbal medicines. As an option, Sophora flavescens residue is rich in alkaloid compounds and has antibacterial and antioxidant properties; Coptis chinensis residue is rich in berberine and other antibacterial active ingredients; Stemona radix residue contains specific alkaloids and anthelmintic ingredients. In some embodiments, these herbal residues need to be uniformly low-temperature dried and then crushed to uniform particle size.

[0045] It should be noted that during the above-mentioned herbal residue treatment process, the drying temperature of all herbal residues should be maintained between 45-55°C, the drying time should be 12-24 hours, and the humidity should be controlled within the range of 15%-20%. Through this treatment method, the effective ingredients in the herbal residue can be retained to the maximum extent, while reducing its water content for subsequent fermentation.

[0046] In a possible implementation, various herbal residues are mixed according to the following mass fractions: Honeysuckle residue: 2-5 parts by weight; Tobacco residue: 2-5 parts by weight; Malt residue: 1-3 parts by weight; Yeast residue: 0.5-1 parts by weight; Sophora flavescens residue: 1-3 parts by weight; Coptis chinensis residue: 1-2 parts by weight; Stemona slag: 1-2 parts by mass.

[0047] As an option, the herbal residues may be mixed by mechanical stirring to ensure uniform distribution of different herbal residues and avoid uneven fermentation caused by local accumulation.

[0048] It is understandable that herbal residues are rich in cellulose and other organic components, which can generate fertilizer components rich in amino acids and organic acids through interaction with fermentation agents. In certain specific application scenarios, the composition ratio of herbal residues can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, when it is necessary to improve the antibacterial properties of fertilizers, the proportion of tobacco residues and coptis residues can be appropriately increased; when the goal is to improve the soil microecological environment, the proportion of yeast residues and malt residues can be increased.

[0049] It should be noted that other technical optimization steps can be combined in the process of herbal residue treatment. For example, adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution (0.01%-0.05%, by mass) before drying can effectively reduce the acidic components in the herbal residue and increase the activity of microorganisms during the fermentation process.

[0050] Through the processing and proportioning of the herbal residue, the biofertilizer of the present invention can fully utilize the Chinese herbal medicine resources and ensure the adaptability of the herbal residue in the subsequent fermentation process, thereby providing support for the overall performance of the biofertilizer.

[0051] Biofertilizer ingredients The biofertilizer components of the present invention include organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are intended to provide the required nutrients for crops and promote the growth and development of plants. In the present invention, the organic fertilizer provides the organic matter required by the soil and improves the soil structure, while the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers provide the basic nutrients necessary for plant growth and support the needs of crops at different growth stages.

[0052] In this embodiment, the mass fraction of organic fertilizer ranges from 30 to 50 parts. The main components of organic fertilizer are humus, compost and other organic substances, which can provide rich organic matter and enhance the water retention, air permeability and fertility of the soil. Specifically, organic fertilizer can be selected from organic raw materials commonly found in farmland, such as humic acid, compost, farmyard manure and plant residues.

[0053] As an option, humic acid is an important component of organic fertilizer. Humic acid has strong adsorption and promotes microbial activity, and can improve soil fertility and water retention capacity. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of humic acid can account for 20%-30% of the total mass of organic fertilizer. Humic acid can also enhance the plant's ability to absorb nutrients and promote root growth through interaction with plant roots.

[0054] For example, compost can be used as another component of organic fertilizer. It is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, and contains a certain amount of organic matter. After decomposing in the soil, it will release nutrients that are beneficial to crops. The main sources of compost can be agricultural waste, plant residues and livestock manure. Compost helps to improve the physical properties of the soil, making the soil more loose and conducive to the development of the root system.

[0055] Specifically, the composting process involves converting organic waste into usable organic fertilizer through anaerobic or aerobic fermentation. During the composting process, the temperature, humidity and frequency of turning the compost need to be controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process.

[0056] It is understandable that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are three essential nutrients for plant growth. Specifically, nitrogen fertilizer promotes the growth of plant leaves, phosphorus fertilizer contributes to the development of plant roots and the formation of flowers and fruits, and potassium fertilizer enhances the stress resistance of plants and improves the resistance of plants to diseases and insect pests. In this embodiment, the mass fractions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers range from 5 to 15 parts.

[0057] For example, urea or ammonium nitrate can be selected as the nitrogen fertilizer, which is rich in nitrogen and can promote photosynthesis of plants and the synthesis of amino acids and proteins. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied through soil or used in combination with other fertilizers.

[0058] Phosphate fertilizers are usually superphosphate and calcium phosphate fertilizers, which have a high phosphate content and can promote the growth of plant roots and improve the ability of crops to use water. Phosphate fertilizers have poor mobility in the soil, so it is suitable to be fully mixed with the soil when applying fertilizers to improve the effective utilization rate of phosphorus.

[0059] Commonly used potash fertilizers include potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. Potash fertilizers can enhance the resistance of plants to diseases and pests and promote plant maturity. Potash fertilizers not only have a direct effect on plant growth and development, but also improve the efficiency of plant water use and reduce water evaporation, especially in arid areas or dry seasons.

[0060] It should be noted that the mass fraction ratio of organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the present invention is relatively flexible and can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific crop type, soil quality and climatic conditions. For example, in some embodiments, in order to improve the immediate effect of fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be slightly increased to meet the nutrient demand of crops in the early growth stage; and after the crops enter the mature stage, more organic fertilizer is usually required to provide longer-lasting fertility.

[0061] In addition, taking into account the differences in soil quality in different regions, adding appropriate amounts of lime, soil conditioners and other substances to certain areas with poor soil or inappropriate pH can improve the pH and structure of the soil, thereby optimizing the use of fertilizers.

[0062] It is understandable that the ratio design of organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the present invention helps to comprehensively improve the soil environment and the nutritional needs of plants, which can not only provide the quick nutrition required by plants, but also continuously improve the soil quality and provide a better farming environment. This fertilizer ratio scheme not only increases crop yields, but also maintains eco-friendliness and avoids the negative impact that traditional chemical fertilizers may have on the soil and environment.

[0063] In some possible implementations, the ratio of organic fertilizer to mineral fertilizer can be adjusted according to actual conditions. For example, in organic agriculture or when the environmental requirements are high, the proportion of organic fertilizer can be appropriately increased to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve the ecological sustainability of fertilizers.

[0064] Through the above design, the biofertilizer of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrition according to the actual needs of different crops and soils, and effectively improve soil fertility to meet the long-term needs of crop growth.

[0065] Fermentation Agents The fermentation agent of the present invention is an important component of the Chinese herbal medicine synthetic biofertilizer of the present invention, and its function is to promote the fermentation process of the herbal medicine extract and herbal medicine residue, so that they can be more efficiently converted into beneficial organic fertilizer components. The fermentation agent accelerates the decomposition of organic matter through the action of microorganisms, releases nutrients required by plants, and improves the effectiveness and availability of fertilizers. The fermentation agent is composed of beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast, and each component plays a unique role in the fermentation process, ensuring the efficient fermentation process and improving the quality of the obtained fertilizer.

[0066] In this embodiment, the mass fraction of the composite microbial fermentation agent is in the range of 0.1-0.5 parts. Among them, the ratio of beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast is adjusted according to different needs. In a specific implementation, the role of the composite microbial fermentation agent is to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and promote the growth of microorganisms through the synergistic effect of beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast, and finally effectively release the nutrients in the herbal extract and herbal residue.

[0067] As an option, beneficial bacteria are an important component of the composite microbial fermentation agent. Beneficial bacteria generally include lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, etc., which can decompose organic matter and produce metabolites that are beneficial to crops, such as organic acids, amino acids, etc. Beneficial bacteria can also inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and protect the soil ecological environment. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of beneficial bacteria accounts for 30%-50% of the total mass of the fermentation agent.

[0068] Specifically, during the fermentation process, lactic acid bacteria can lower the pH value of the environment by producing lactic acid, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and thus promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria can also synthesize organic acids, which help decompose plant residues and improve the conversion efficiency of organic matter.

[0069] Fungi are another important component of compound microbial fermentation agents. Fungi, especially certain species such as white rot fungi and Penicillium, have the ability to decompose lignin and cellulose, and can decompose the difficult-to-degrade organic matter in herbal residues into simpler compounds. These decomposition products can provide more nutrients for plants and improve soil structure.

[0070] In some embodiments, white rot fungi release more organic acids, phenolic compounds, etc. by decomposing lignin and cellulose in herbal residues, which have a good promoting effect on plants. White rot fungi can perform efficient decomposition reactions under aerobic conditions and are a common fungus species in organic fertilizer production.

[0071] Yeast is another important component of compound microbial fermentation agents, especially in accelerating the fermentation process and improving the nutritional value of fermented products. Yeast produces abundant metabolites through fermentation, such as amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, etc. These products help improve the quality of fertilizers and enhance soil fertility.

[0072] For example, during the fermentation process, yeast can not only decompose organic matter in herbal residues and release plant nutrients, but also increase gas exchange in the fermentation environment, improve the oxygen supply of the entire fermentation system, and improve the metabolic efficiency of microorganisms. The addition of yeast can accelerate the fermentation process, shorten the fermentation time, and thus improve the production efficiency of fertilizers.

[0073] It should be noted that the mass ratio of beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast in the composite microbial fermentation agent can be adjusted according to different fermentation requirements. In some embodiments, in order to improve the fermentation rate and the activity of microorganisms, the proportion of yeast can be appropriately increased, while in other cases, in order to enhance the decomposition ability of refractory organic matter in herbal residues, it may be necessary to increase the proportion of fungi.

[0074] Specifically, the composite microbial fermentation agent of the present invention adjusts the temperature, humidity, pH value and other conditions during the fermentation process to ensure that the microorganisms can carry out metabolic reactions in the best state. By controlling the dosage of the fermentation agent and the ratio of the herbal residue, the fermentation process can be completed in a short time to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer. This composite microbial fermentation agent not only improves the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizers, but also has a significant effect on improving the activity of soil microorganisms and improving the soil environment.

[0075] In a possible implementation, the composite microbial fermentation agent can also be used together with other auxiliary materials or nutrient sources, such as nitrogen sources, carbon sources, etc., to further promote the activity of microorganisms and the stability of the fermentation process. In some embodiments, a certain amount of minerals, such as gypsum, sulfur, etc., can also be added according to specific needs to optimize the growth environment of microorganisms and improve the effect of the final fertilizer.

[0076] In summary, the composite microbial fermentation agent of the present invention can effectively promote the fermentation process of herbal residues through reasonable proportions and action mechanisms, improve the fermentation effect, and finally obtain efficient organic fertilizer. The design of this fermentation agent not only improves the production efficiency of herbal synthetic biofertilizer, but also ensures the eco-friendliness of the fertilizer and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

[0077] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of herbal extract In this embodiment, the preparation step of the herbal extract is first to mix the herbs such as astragalus, dandelion, forsythia, gallnut and liquorice with water for soaking extraction. Specifically, the mass ratio of the herbs to water is 1:3 to 1:5. After the herbs and water are mixed in this ratio, they are placed in a temperature range of 25-35°C and soaked for 24 to 48 hours. Through the soaking process, the active ingredients in the herbs such as astragalus polysaccharide and dandelion are dissolved in the water to form the herbal extract.

[0078] Alternatively, the selection and proportion of herbs can be adjusted to the desired fertilizing ingredients. For example, extracts of Astragalus, Dandelion and Forsythia are used to provide active ingredients that promote plant growth, while extracts of Gallnut and Licorice help to enhance soil disease resistance.

[0079] Step S2: Drying of herbal residue In this embodiment, the herbal residue mainly comes from the extraction residues of herbs such as honeysuckle, tobacco, malt, yeast, sophora flavescens, coptis chinensis and stemonae. These herbal residues are dried to remove moisture, prevent mold, and ensure the effect of subsequent fermentation. The drying temperature is set between 45 and 55°C, and the drying time is 12 to 24 hours to ensure that the moisture in the herbal residue is reduced to a level suitable for fermentation.

[0080] Through this drying process, the moisture in the herbal residue is evaporated, reducing the instability of moisture during the microbial fermentation process, while providing a suitable solid matrix for the microorganisms to promote the release of nutrients in the subsequent fermentation process.

[0081] Step S3: Mixing of herbal extract and herbal residue In this embodiment, the herbal extract and the dried herbal residue are mixed in proportion, and appropriate amounts of organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to mix them evenly. Specifically, the mixing ratio of the herbal extract and the herbal residue is: 60-80 parts of the herbal extract and 20-40 parts of the herbal residue. After adding the organic fertilizer, the ratio is usually 30-50 parts, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 5-15 parts.

[0082] During this process, the mixture of herbal extracts and herbal residues provides rich organic matter and nutrients required by plants, while organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers provide balanced fertilizer ingredients to ensure the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the fertilizer.

[0083] Step S4: Adding composite microbial fermentation agent and fermenting In this embodiment, a composite microbial fermentation agent is added to the mixture to start the fermentation process. The mass fraction of the composite microbial fermentation agent is 0.1 to 0.5 parts, mainly including beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast, and the specific proportion can be adjusted according to different microbial fermentation requirements. During this process, the humidity is maintained between 60% and 70% to ensure the activity and metabolic efficiency of the microorganisms.

[0084] The fermentation temperature is controlled between 30-40℃ and maintained in this temperature range for 10 to 15 days. During the fermentation process, microorganisms release nutrients beneficial to plants, such as amino acids and enzymes, by decomposing organic matter in the herbal extract and herbal residue. During the fermentation process, the mixture is turned over every 2-3 days to ensure uniform fermentation and even distribution of oxygen to prevent anaerobic fermentation of the fermented substances.

[0085] Step S5: Post-fermentation processing After fermentation, the post-processing phase begins with concentration and filtration. Concentration removes excess water produced during the fermentation process, increases the concentration of organic fertilizer, and thus improves the efficiency and usability of the fertilizer; filtration removes residual solid impurities to ensure the purity of the final product.

[0086] The final product after processing is a bio-fertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, which has good soil improvement and plant nutrient supply functions, can effectively increase crop yields, and at the same time improve the ecological environment of the soil.

[0087] In this embodiment, by soaking and extracting the active ingredients in the herbs, drying the herbal residue, rationally mixing the herbal extract and the herbal residue, and combining organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and finally using a composite microbial fermentation agent for fermentation treatment, an efficient, environmentally friendly and natural Chinese herbal synthetic biofertilizer can be effectively prepared. The method is simple and efficient, and through the microbial activity in the fermentation process, it can improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers and improve soil structure, and has a good market application prospect.

[0088] The Chinese herbal medicine synthetic biofertilizer provided by the present invention not only has unique technical advantages in the fertilizer production process, but also has wide application potential in promoting crop growth, resisting diseases and insects, improving soil fertility, and improving soil microecology. The application effects of the biofertilizer of the present invention in these aspects are described in detail below.

[0089] 1. Promoting crop growth The Chinese herbal synthetic biofertilizer of the present invention contains a variety of beneficial ingredients, especially active ingredients from herbal extracts such as astragalus, dandelion, and forsythia, which can significantly promote the growth of crops. These ingredients promote crop growth through the following mechanisms: Nutrition supply: Herbal extracts are rich in amino acids, plant hormones, trace elements and other substances, which can directly or indirectly promote the growth and development of plants and improve the ability of crops to absorb nutrients. In particular, astragalus polysaccharides in astragalus extracts can enhance the stress resistance of plants and increase the growth rate and yield of crops.

[0090] Hormone regulation: The natural plant hormones in dandelion extract can promote the growth of plant roots, enhance the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, and help the early growth and root development of crops.

[0091] Promote photosynthesis: Some phenolic substances in herbs can stimulate plant photosynthesis, improve photosynthetic efficiency and enhance plant growth potential.

[0092] In some embodiments, after using the biofertilizer of the present invention, the growth rate of crops is significantly accelerated, the root system is stronger, the leaves are greener, and the overall growth is significantly improved compared with the control group.

[0093] 2. Disease and insect resistance The Chinese herbal synthetic biofertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve the disease and insect resistance of crops through the synergistic effect of herbal ingredients and microorganisms, which is specifically manifested as follows: Disease resistance: Natural disease resistance ingredients in herbs, such as tannins in gallnut and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice, have natural antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. These ingredients can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, enhance plant immunity, and thus reduce the occurrence of crop diseases.

[0094] Insect resistance: Natural insecticides in certain herbal ingredients, such as tobacco and Sophora flavescens, can effectively repel or kill insect pests on crops. Under the action of biofertilizer, the surface coating of crops is enhanced, which can effectively resist the invasion of insect pests.

[0095] Microbial inhibition: The microbial community formed during the fermentation process has the ability to inhibit harmful microorganisms. By introducing beneficial bacteria and fungi in the composite microbial fermentation agent, a good microecological environment can be built in the soil to reduce the growth of pathogens and harmful pests.

[0096] In some embodiments, crops grown using the biofertilizer of the present invention exhibit stronger disease resistance, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, extend the healthy growth cycle of crops, and thus increase the yield of crops.

[0097] 3. Improve soil fertility The Chinese herbal synthetic biofertilizer of the present invention can effectively improve soil fertility, mainly through the following ways: Supply of organic matter: After fermentation, herbal residue is rich in organic matter, which can improve soil structure, enhance soil aeration and water retention capacity, and promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms. Over time, organic matter in the soil is gradually converted into nutrients that are easily absorbed by plants, further improving soil fertility.

[0098] Release of nutrient elements: The basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in biofertilizer are converted into forms that can be directly absorbed by plants through the fermentation process. In particular, the fertilizer fermented with herbal extract has a relatively balanced content and release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can continuously provide nutrients for crops and reduce dependence on the use of chemical fertilizers.

[0099] Improve soil microbial activity: The present invention not only improves the nutritional value of biofertilizers by introducing composite microbial fermentation agents, but also improves the population structure of soil microorganisms. By providing a suitable microbial habitat and nutrient source, the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is enhanced. These microorganisms can promote the decomposition and mineralization of soil organic matter and improve the overall fertility of the soil.

[0100] In the experiment, the use of the biofertilizer of the present invention significantly improved soil fertility, increased organic matter content in the soil, and more balanced plant nutrient absorption, thereby promoting the healthy growth of crops.

[0101] 4. Improve soil microecology The Chinese herbal synthetic biofertilizer of the present invention can not only provide nutrition for crops, but also improve the soil microecological environment, which is specifically manifested as follows: Promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms: The beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast in the compound microbial fermentation agent can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and inhibit the reproduction of pathogens and harmful bacteria. By increasing the number and activity of beneficial microorganisms, the biodiversity of the soil is enhanced and the soil microbial community is optimized.

[0102] Enhance the self-repairing ability of the soil: The beneficial metabolites produced during the fermentation process (such as organic acids, amino acids, enzymes, etc.) help repair the damaged soil structure, enhance the soil's adaptability to environmental pressure, and improve the soil's self-repairing ability.

[0103] Optimize soil pH: The organic acids in herbal residues and fermentation products help regulate the pH value of the soil, improve the pH value of the soil, and make the soil environment more suitable for crop growth.

[0104] In some embodiments, the soil microecology is significantly improved by using the biofertilizer of the present invention, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increased, the soil health is improved, and the growth environment of crops is better.

[0105] The Chinese herbal medicine synthetic biological fertilizer of the present invention shows significant advantages in promoting crop growth, resisting diseases and insects, improving soil fertility and improving soil microecology. Through the synergistic effect of herbal extracts and herbal residues, combined with organic fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and composite microbial fermentation agents, not only the nutritional value of the fertilizer is improved, but also the soil environment can be optimized, the occurrence of pests and diseases can be reduced, and the stress resistance of crops can be enhanced, thereby achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production. These applications enable the biological fertilizer of the present invention to have strong market competitiveness and have a wide range of application prospects in modern agriculture.

[0106] Example 1: Basic balancing solution The herbal extract ratio is: 20 parts of astragalus extract, 15 parts of dandelion extract, 10 parts of forsythia extract, 8 parts of gallnut extract, and 8 parts of licorice extract.

[0107] The ratio of herbal residues: 3 parts of honeysuckle residues, 3 parts of tobacco residues, 2 parts of malt residues, 0.5 parts of yeast residues, 2 parts of Sophora flavescens residues, 1 part of Coptis chinensis residues, and 1 part of Stemona tuber residues.

[0108] 40 parts of organic fertilizer and 10 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

[0109] Starter: 0.3 parts of composite microbial starter.

[0110] Preparation process: After soaking and extracting the herbs in the above proportions, dry the herbal residue and mix it with organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, then add fermentation agent, ferment at about 35℃ for 12 days, turn it over every 3 days, and keep the humidity at 65%. Finally, a stable biofertilizer is obtained, which is suitable for most grain and vegetable crops.

[0111] Example 2: Enhanced growth promotion regimen Herbal extract ratio: 25 parts of Astragalus extract, 18 parts of Dandelion extract, 10 parts of Forsythia extract, 5 parts of Galla chinensis extract, and 5 parts of Licorice extract (the ratio of Astragalus to Dandelion is slightly higher to enhance the growth-promoting effect).

[0112] Ratio of herbal residues: 5 parts of honeysuckle residue, 4 parts of tobacco residue, 3 parts of malt residue, 1 part of yeast residue, 2 parts of Sophora flavescens residue, 1 part of Coptis chinensis residue, 1 part of Stemona japonica residue (increase the amount of honeysuckle and tobacco residue to enhance soil conditioning and antibacterial properties).

[0113] 50 parts of organic fertilizer and 5 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (mainly organic nutrients, supplemented with a small amount of chemical fertilizers).

[0114] Starter: 0.5 parts of composite microbial starter.

[0115] Preparation process: The soaking temperature is slightly lowered to 30℃, and the extraction is carried out after soaking for 48 hours; the herbal residue is dried at 50℃ for 20 hours; the fermentation process is extended to 15 days, and it is turned over regularly. The finished product is suitable for cash crops and fruit trees, promoting root growth and plant strength.

[0116] Example 3: Focus on disease and insect resistance solutions Herbal extract ratio: 15 parts of Astragalus extract, 10 parts of Dandelion extract, 15 parts of Forsythia extract, 10 parts of Galla chinensis extract, 10 parts of Licorice extract (to enhance Forsythia suspensa and Galla chinensis, and strengthen the antibacterial and anti-insect properties).

[0117] The ratio of herbal residues: 2 parts of honeysuckle residue, 5 parts of tobacco residue, 3 parts of malt residue, 1 part of yeast residue, 3 parts of Sophora flavescens residue, 2 parts of Coptis chinensis residue, and 2 parts of Stemona japonica residue (tobacco residue and Sophora flavescens residue contain more natural anti-insect ingredients).

[0118] 30 parts of organic fertilizer and 15 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (add appropriate amount of fertilizer to improve the nutritional balance of the soil).

[0119] Starter: 0.1 parts of composite microbial starter (slightly lower dosage, more streamlined but more efficient microbial flora).

[0120] Preparation process: soaking at 35℃ for 36 hours for extraction; drying the herbal residue at 45℃ for 24 hours; fermentation temperature controlled at 30℃, fermentation for 10 days, humidity 65%, turning every 2 days. The final product has a good protective effect on crops susceptible to diseases and pests.

[0121] Example 4: Enhancement of soil microecological balance scheme The herbal extract ratio is: 22 parts of astragalus extract, 15 parts of dandelion extract, 8 parts of forsythia extract, 8 parts of gallnut extract, and 8 parts of liquorice extract.

[0122] Ratio of herbal residues: 4 parts of honeysuckle residues, 3 parts of tobacco residues, 1 part of malt residues, 0.8 parts of yeast residues, 1 part of Sophora flavescens residues, 1.5 parts of Coptis chinensis residues, 1.5 parts of Stemona japonica residues (appropriately reduce the amount of Sophora flavescens residues to increase the microecological activity of the yeast residues).

[0123] 45 parts of organic fertilizer and 10 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

[0124] Fermentation agent: 0.4 parts of compound microbial fermentation agent (to increase the ratio of probiotics to yeast).

[0125] Preparation process: soak and extract for about 24 hours; dry the herbal residue at 50℃ for 18 hours; ferment at 35℃ for about 13 days, and turn it over every 3 days. This solution is conducive to improving the soil microbial environment, soil permeability and bacterial diversity.

[0126] Example 5: Economical solution for large-scale food production Ratio of herbal extracts: 20 parts of astragalus extract, 10 parts of dandelion extract, 12 parts of forsythia extract, 5 parts of gallnut extract, and 5 parts of licorice extract (the dosage is standard and the cost is relatively low).

[0127] Ratio of herbal residues: 2 parts of honeysuckle residues, 2 parts of tobacco residues, 3 parts of malt residues, 1 part of yeast residues, 1 part of Sophora flavescens residues, 1 part of Coptis chinensis residues, 1 part of Stemona tuberosa residues (the overall amount of residues used is relatively low, which is convenient for mass production).

[0128] 50 parts of organic fertilizer and 5 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

[0129] Starter: 0.2 parts of composite microbial starter.

[0130] Preparation process: soaking and extraction at 30℃ for 36 hours; drying the herbal residue at 55℃ for 12 hours to shorten the drying cycle; fermentation temperature is about 40℃, fermentation time is 10 days, and the fermentation speed is appropriately accelerated to meet the needs of large-scale production. The finished product is easy to promote on a large scale and can increase and stabilize production under general farmland conditions.

[0131] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, characterized in that: The biofertilizer comprises the following components: The herbal extract comprises: astragalus extract, dandelion extract, forsythia extract, gallnut extract, and liquorice extract; Herbal medicine residue, the components of which include: honeysuckle residue, tobacco residue, malt residue, yeast residue, sophora flavescens residue, coptis chinensis residue, and stemona truncatula residue; Biofertilizer ingredients, including organic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; Fermentation agents, including composite microbial fermentation agents.

2. The biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fractions of the components of the herbal extract are: Astragalus extract: 15-25 parts; Dandelion extract: 10-20 parts; Forsythia suspensa extract: 8-15 parts; Gallnut extract: 5-10 parts; Licorice extract: 5-10 parts.

3. The biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fractions of each component of the herbal residue are: Honeysuckle residue: 2-5 parts; Tobacco residue: 2-5 parts; Malt residue: 1-3 parts; Yeast residue: 0.5-1 part; Sophora flavescens residue: 1-3 parts; Coptis chinensis residue: 1-2 parts; Stemona slag: 1-2 portions.

4. The biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fractions of each component of the biological fertilizer composition are: Organic fertilizer: 30-50 parts; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers: 5-15 parts.

5. The biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial fermentation agent comprises beneficial bacteria, fungi and yeast, with a mass fraction of 0.1-0.5 parts.

6. A method for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine, for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Mixing astragalus, dandelion, forsythia, gallnut, and liquorice with water, and soaking and extracting the mixture to obtain a herbal extract; (2) drying the residues of honeysuckle, tobacco, malt, yeast, Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis, and Stemona japonica; (3) Mix the herbal extract and herbal residue in proportion, add organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and mix them evenly; (4) adding a composite microbial fermentation agent to the mixture for fermentation at a temperature of 30-40° C. for 10-15 days; (5) After fermentation, the product is concentrated and filtered to obtain the final biofertilizer.

7. The method for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation step of the herbal extract comprises mixing the herbal medicine with water at a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5, and soaking the mixture at 25-35° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain the herbal extract.

8. The method for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying temperature of the herbal residue is 45-55° C., and the drying time is 12-24 hours.

9. The method for preparing a biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the fermentation process, the humidity is controlled between 60% and 70%, and the fermented dough is turned over every 2 to 3 days to ensure uniform fermentation.

10. Use of the biofertilizer synthesized from Chinese herbal medicine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in promoting crop growth, resisting diseases and insects, improving soil fertility and improving soil microecology.