Temporary ecological water supply hole structure arrangement and implementation method

Abstract

The temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure arrangement and implementation method comprises a diversion tunnel arranged on a river slope, the diversion tunnel is communicated with an upstream river and a downstream river of a dam body, the temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure further comprises an ecological water supply tunnel arranged on the upstream of the dam body, and the ecological water supply tunnel is arranged in a mountain body on the same side as the diversion tunnel. The other end of the ecological water supply hole is communicated with the diversion hole; the temporary ecological water supply hole and the diversion hole are arranged in a combined mode, in the initial water storage period of the dam, after water on the upstream of the dam body flows into the ecological water supply hole, the water flows into the diversion hole from the ecological water supply hole and then flows to the river channel on the downstream of the dam body from the diversion hole, water is supplied to the river channel on the downstream of the dam body, and ecological balance on the downstream of the river channel is kept; the problem that ecological water supply measures such as water pumping of a water pump, pre-burying of a water supply pipe in a diversion tunnel and arrangement of a temporary barrage on a downstream branch for water storage and discharge cannot be applied to ecological water supply with large ecological flow, long ecological water supply time and insufficient total water supply is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction diversion, and specifically relates to a temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure arrangement and a method for realizing temporary water supply through the structure. Background Art

[0002] Ecological water supply involves ecological flow, which is the minimum flow required to maintain the river ecology and environment. In a narrow sense, it mainly targets the most basic needs of maintaining the natural ecosystem of the river. In a broad sense, it also includes the minimum flow required for production, life and environment of people downstream. If the ecological flow is not considered during the initial water storage period of high dams and large reservoirs, the downstream river channel will be cut off during the initial water storage period, which will have a huge impact on downstream aquatic plants and animals, navigation, cascade power station operation, urban production and life, etc. Therefore, in the early stage of the initial water storage of general reservoirs, temporary water supply measures need to be taken to meet the downstream ecological flow water supply requirements.

[0003] Current status of ecological water supply during the initial water storage period of water conservancy and hydropower projects: measures such as water pumping, pre-buried water supply pipes in diversion tunnels, and temporary dams for water storage and discharge in downstream tributaries are generally used for projects with low reservoir water levels, small ecological flows, short ecological water supply times, and small total water supply volumes; projects with high reservoir water levels, large ecological flows, long ecological water supply times, and large total water supply volumes often use methods such as setting diversion bottom holes on the dam body, converting diversion tunnels into temporary ecological water supply tunnels, and using bypass tunnels for water supply.

[0004] About the diversion bottom hole on the dam body: after the diversion tunnel is closed, the water level of the reservoir gradually rises. Before the water level reaches the elevation of the permanent discharge measure of the high arch dam, the water flow has no discharge channel, resulting in dehydration and interruption of the downstream river channel, which damages the aquatic ecology during the water storage period and has an adverse impact on fish resources, industrial and agricultural production, water intake for life, shipping, and landscape. At the same time, limited by the technical level of the existing flat gate dynamic water sluice, the reservoir water level is controlled by the elevation of the permanent discharge measure. The large-section diversion tunnel flat gate will be difficult to withstand the high head dynamic water sluice, resulting in the low-elevation diversion tunnel in the initial water storage period. The ecological water supply cannot be continuously connected with the high-elevation permanent discharge measure. The high-flow high arch dam often uses the diversion bottom hole at the lower elevation of the arch dam body to connect the ecological water supply after the low-elevation diversion tunnel is closed and before the high-elevation permanent discharge measure flows. However, there are certain problems and disadvantages in setting the diversion bottom hole on the dam body: First point: The diversion bottom holes on the dam body are only applicable to concrete dam projects, and are not applicable to other dam types such as high earth-rock dams and rockfill dams.

[0005] The second point: Considering the difficulty of arranging the bottom holes of the dam body and the structural safety, concrete dams generally have surface holes and middle holes (or deep holes) for flood discharge in the upper and middle part of the dam body. Adding another layer of holes for diversion bottom holes will make the dam structure more complicated and is not conducive to the stress distribution of the dam body. For high arch dam projects built in narrow river valleys, due to the limited length of the arch dam body, it is more difficult to add a layer of diversion bottom holes to the dam body and arrange gates and other opening and closing equipment and corresponding ancillary structures.

[0006] The third point: From the perspective of construction, in high concrete dam projects, the dam is generally a key line. Adding a layer of dam bottom holes to the dam body, adding holes and corresponding ancillary structures to the dam body will directly affect the progress of the dam concrete pouring construction and extend the linear construction period of the dam pouring.

[0007] The following limitations exist in converting diversion tunnels into temporary ecological water supply tunnels: First point: During the mid-term diversion and reconstruction of the diversion tunnel, the reconstructed diversion tunnel cannot flow through. Therefore, if this plan is adopted, at least two or more diversion tunnels must be set up to have the conditions to use one diversion tunnel for reconstruction and the other diversion tunnel to continue to flow during the reconstruction period.

[0008] The second point: In order to prevent the reconstruction of the diversion tunnel and the permanent plugging of the diversion tunnel from being difficult to complete in a dry season, the reconstruction of the diversion tunnel is generally carried out in a dry season before the diversion tunnel is closed. After the reconstruction of the diversion tunnel, the discharge capacity will be significantly reduced. During the flood season from the reconstruction of the diversion tunnel to the sluice gate of the diversion tunnel, the flow capacity of the reconstructed diversion tunnel will be significantly reduced. The upstream water level will increase significantly during the flood season. The risk of high head flood season in the diversion tunnel is extremely high. During the diversion planning period, the size of the diversion tunnel needs to be increased to meet the safe flow during this flood season, and the investment in the diversion project will increase.

[0009] The third point: During the flood season after the reconstruction of the diversion tunnel and before the sluice gate is closed, the upstream water level will increase significantly, which will put higher requirements on the temporary dam body's flood elevation. The dam construction period needs to be further compressed to meet the flood image requirements.

[0010] Regarding bypass tunnel water supply: According to the survey, some projects use bypass tunnels to solve the ecological water supply problem in the initial water storage period. They are mainly divided into separate bypass tunnels and bypass tunnels combined with diversion tunnels. The following problems still exist: First point: the bypass tunnel is arranged separately, the tunnel line is long, the investment is large, the construction period is long, and the economic efficiency is poor; Second point: The layout combined with the diversion tunnel has the following problems: ① There are problems with the connection with the diversion tunnel. After the diversion tunnel is closed, the water supply flow of the bypass tunnel directly rushes to the side wall of the diversion tunnel, forming a high flow velocity and unfavorable flow state in the diversion tunnel, endangering the safe operation of the diversion tunnel; ② The bypass tunnel cannot adapt to the high head gate. At present, the bypass tunnel mainly uses flat gates to block water. Flat gates cannot adapt to high head dynamic water closing. There is no successful case of dynamic water closing when the water head is greater than 70m; ③ The bypass tunnel cannot control the discharge. The high dam is connected by setting up a bypass tunnel. For ecological water supply, the operating water level of the bypass tunnel varies greatly. Under low head conditions, the flow section of the bypass tunnel can meet the ecological water supply. However, under high head conditions, the flow capacity of the bypass tunnel under open discharge conditions far exceeds the ecological water supply flow requirements. If the discharge cannot be controlled, the large amount of water discharged from the bypass tunnel during the water storage period will significantly extend the water storage time of the high dam and large reservoir. For some projects with a small flow rate during the water storage period, the bypass tunnel discharge flow will even be the same as the river flow after the water level rises to a certain elevation, and the reservoir cannot store water as required. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of ecological water supply guarantee during the initial water storage period of large dams and reservoirs on large rivers, and proposes a temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure layout and a method for realizing temporary water supply through the structure, which solves the high risk problem of high head sluice gate directly supplied by the diversion tunnel, the problem of limited dam type adaptability, difficult layout, extended dam body casting period, large project investment, and poor economy caused by the arrangement of bottom holes for water supply on the dam body, the problem of many restrictive factors on the layout of the diversion tunnel, the reconstruction construction of the diversion tunnel and the dam construction when the diversion tunnel is converted into a temporary ecological water supply tunnel, and a series of problems such as high risk of bypass tunnel water supply operation, inability to control discharge, and large project investment.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure comprises a diversion tunnel arranged on a river channel slope, the diversion tunnel connects the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel of a dam body, and also comprises an ecological water supply tunnel arranged upstream of the dam body, the ecological water supply tunnel is arranged in a mountain on the same side as the diversion tunnel, the ecological water supply tunnel is a channel for water flow, one end of the ecological water supply tunnel is connected to a water source upstream of the river channel, and the other end is connected to the diversion tunnel.

[0013] Furthermore, the inlet elevation of the ecological water supply tunnel is arranged above the upstream flood water level during the dry season, and the outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel directly enters the diversion tunnel and enters the diversion tunnel along the tangent at the turning section of the diversion tunnel.

[0014] Furthermore, the ecological water supply tunnel includes an interconnected inlet section, an arc gate and a control system section, and an outlet straight section, wherein the inlet section and the diversion tunnel are arranged together in the slope on the inlet side of the diversion tunnel, the inlet section of the ecological water supply tunnel is provided with a bell mouth, and the bell mouth extends from the slope upstream of the dam body to the water source upstream of the dam body, the arc gate and the control system section are arranged in the slope within the range of smooth water flow after the ecological water supply tunnel turns, and the outlet straight section is arranged on the downstream side of the arc gate and the control system section, and the outlet straight section directly intersects with the tangent line in the direction of the axis of the high diversion tunnel.

[0015] Furthermore, the outside of the ecological water supply tunnel is connected to a vertical shaft, and a passage step is arranged inside the vertical shaft. The bottom end of the vertical shaft is located inside the slope and above the ecological water supply tunnel, and the top of the vertical shaft extends out from the slope. The top of the vertical shaft is connected to the ventilation traffic tunnel, and the vertical shaft and the ventilation traffic tunnel are at a preset angle.

[0016] Furthermore, the elevation of the entrance of the ventilation traffic tunnel is not lower than the water storage level when the permanent ecological water supply measures or the discharge structure reach the downstream ecological flow conditions, and is higher than the flood water level during the construction period of the permanent plugging of the diversion tunnel.

[0017] Furthermore, an arc gate and a control system are provided on the outside of the ecological water supply tunnel. The arc gate and the control system are located in the slope on the side of the dam body, and the arc gate and the control system are located above the ecological water supply tunnel. An arc gate is provided in the arc gate and the control system, and the arc gate closes the interface between the arc gate and the control system and the ecological water supply tunnel.

[0018] Furthermore, a ventilation door hole, an opening and closing device and an opening and closing device platform are also provided inside the arc gate and control system. The ventilation door hole is located at the end of the vertical shaft facing the arc gate and control system. An opening and closing device platform is also provided inside the arc gate and control system. The opening and closing device is installed on the opening and closing device platform. The opening and closing device is used to adjust the opening of the arc gate.

[0019] Furthermore, one end of the arc gate is installed on the side of the arc gate support facing the inside of the arc gate and the control system, and the other end of the arc gate rotates clockwise or counterclockwise under the control of the opening and closing device. The arc gate support is located below the vertical shaft, and the side of the arc gate support facing the inside of the arc gate and the control system is located at the interface between the arc gate and the control system and the ecological water supply tunnel. The top surface of the arc gate support provides support to the vertical shaft, and the bottom surface of the arc gate support is integrated with the ecological water supply tunnel.

[0020] Furthermore, the height of the arc gate and control system section of the ecological water supply tunnel gradually decreases from the starting end to the end, and the ratio of the height of the arc gate and control system section at the starting end to the height of the end end can be between 4:1 and 10:1.

[0021] A method for realizing temporary ecological water supply by using the temporary ecological water supply structure, the method comprising: Construct a diversion tunnel in the riverside mountain, which connects the upstream and downstream river channels of the dam body; An ecological water supply tunnel is built in the mountain on the same side as the diversion tunnel. The ecological water supply tunnel is equipped with an arc gate, a control system, and a vertical shaft. A ventilation traffic tunnel is set up. The ventilation traffic tunnel is connected to the vertical shaft. An opening and closing equipment platform is set up inside the arc gate and the control system. One end of the ecological water supply tunnel is connected to the water source upstream of the dam body, and the other end of the ecological water supply tunnel is connected to the diversion tunnel. The intersection of the ecological water supply tunnel and the diversion tunnel is blocked with a temporary plug; From the ventilation tunnel and shaft down to the hoisting and closing equipment platform, install and debug the hoisting and closing equipment, and install the radial gate; After the installation and commissioning of the radial gate and the opening and closing equipment are completed, the plug at the intersection of the straight section of the ecological water supply tunnel outlet and the high diversion tunnel is removed; the diversion tunnel is closed, the upstream water level continues to rise, and the water upstream of the dam body flows into the ecological water supply tunnel, then flows from the ecological water supply tunnel into the diversion tunnel, and finally flows from the diversion tunnel to the river channel downstream of the dam body; After the ecological water supply tunnel meets the requirements of the downstream ecological flow, the arc gate will be used to control the discharge until the reservoir water level reaches the permanent ecological water supply or permanent flood discharge facility meets the downstream ecological flow. Then the arc gate will be closed and the diversion tunnel will be sealed.

[0022] In the present invention, a temporary ecological water supply tunnel is arranged in combination with a diversion tunnel. The length of the diversion tunnel is usually several hundred meters, while the length of the ecological water supply tunnel of the present invention is usually only several tens of meters. During the dam storage period, water from the upstream of the dam body flows into the ecological water supply tunnel, then flows from the ecological water supply tunnel into the diversion tunnel, and then flows from the diversion tunnel to the river channel downstream of the dam body, supplying water to the river channel downstream of the dam body and maintaining the ecological balance of the downstream river channel. Compared with traditional ecological water supply measures, the technical solution of the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. The solution of the present invention solves the problem that ecological water supply measures such as water pumping, pre-buried water supply pipes in diversion tunnels, and temporary dams for water storage and discharge in downstream tributaries are not applicable to ecological water supply projects with large ecological flow, long ecological water supply time, and total water supply.

[0023] 2. The solution of the present invention solves the problems of limited adaptability to dam types, difficult layout, extended dam casting period, large project investment and poor economy when setting bottom holes for water supply on the dam body.

[0024] 3. The solution of the present invention solves the problem of many limiting factors on diversion tunnel layout, diversion tunnel reconstruction construction and dam construction when the diversion tunnel is converted into a temporary ecological water supply tunnel.

[0025] 4. The solution of the present invention solves the high risk problem of high head closure when the diversion tunnel directly supplies the horizontal plate gate.

[0026] 5. The solution of the present invention solves a series of problems such as high risk of bypass hole water supply operation, uncontrollable leakage, and large project investment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The plan layout of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Longitudinal section view of the temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a longitudinal sectional view of the arc gate chamber of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a typical cross-sectional view (J1-J1) of the bypass hole of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a typical cross-sectional view of the lock chamber of the present invention (J2-J2).

[0032] Figure 6 A three-dimensional forward schematic diagram of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 A top view of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0034] Among them: 1-low diversion tunnel; 2-high diversion tunnel; 3-ecological water supply tunnel; 3.1-ecological water supply tunnel lining; 4-vertical shaft; 5-ventilation traffic tunnel; 6-arc gate and control system; 6.1-lining; 6.2-opening and closing equipment; 6.3-arc gate; 6.4-ventilation gate hole; 6.5-opening and closing equipment platform; 6.6-arc gate support; 7-original ground line; 8-excavation line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is to propose a temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure arrangement and implementation method combined with a diversion tunnel. Compared with the existing technical solutions, this technical solution solves various problems encountered in the existing direct water supply of diversion tunnels, water supply with bottom holes on the dam body, water supply from diversion tunnels converted into temporary ecological water supply tunnels, and water supply through bypass tunnels through a series of innovations such as temporary ecological water supply tunnel layout innovation, structural innovation, and construction scheme innovation, thereby improving the initial water storage and water supply guarantee rate and structural safety.

[0037] This technical solution mainly includes a diversion tunnel, an ecological water supply tunnel 3, an arc gate chamber or an arc gate and a control system. The arc gate chamber or an arc gate and a control system include arc gates, opening and closing equipment and platforms, vertical shafts 4, ventilation traffic tunnels 5 and other structures and equipment.

[0038] Generally, one or more diversion holes need to be arranged. The present invention is described by taking two diversion holes as an example. If one diversion hole is arranged, the low diversion hole 1 in the present invention can be cancelled, and only the high diversion hole 2 can be arranged.

[0039] The inlet bottom plate of the low diversion tunnel 1 is arranged at a lower elevation and is arranged on the river side; the inlet bottom plate of the high diversion tunnel 2 is arranged at a slightly higher elevation and is arranged on the mountain side. The outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 directly enters the high diversion tunnel 2, and enters the high diversion tunnel 2 along the tangent at the turning section of the high diversion tunnel 2.

[0040] During the construction of the dam body, a cofferdam is set up at the foundation pit of the dam body construction, and the dam body construction is carried out within the cofferdam. Due to the existence of the cofferdam, the water in the upstream of the river cannot flow to the downstream of the river, affecting the ecological balance of the downstream of the river. At the same time, if the water volume in the upstream is too large, the water will overflow the cofferdam and flow into the foundation pit, which will affect the construction of the dam body. Therefore, a low diversion tunnel 1 and a high diversion tunnel 2 are built on the hillside outside the cofferdam. One end of the low diversion tunnel 1 and the high diversion tunnel 2, that is, the water flow inlet end, is located in the upstream of the river outside the cofferdam, and the other end of the low diversion tunnel 1 and the high diversion tunnel 2, that is, the water flow outlet end, is located in the downstream of the river outside the cofferdam. Under the action of gravity, the water flows along the low diversion tunnel 1 and the high diversion tunnel 2. The water flows from the upstream of the river to the downstream of the river in the diversion tunnel, bypassing the cofferdam area. During the construction of the dam, water is supplied to the downstream of the river through the low diversion tunnel 1 and the high diversion tunnel 2 to maintain the ecological balance of the downstream of the river. If the water flow in the diversion tunnel is small, during the construction of the dam, when the water volume upstream is large, the upstream water flow will overflow the cofferdam, affecting the dam construction. Due to the excessive water flow in the diversion tunnel, after the dam is built, it is not suitable to directly supply ecological water to the downstream of the river through the diversion tunnel during the dam water storage period. After the dam is built, during the dam water storage period, the disadvantages of directly converting the diversion tunnel 1 and the high diversion tunnel 2 into temporary ecological water supply tunnels have been described in detail in the background technology, and will not be repeated here.

[0041] In the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention adds an ecological water supply hole 3. After the dam is built, during the period of water storage in the dam, water is supplied to the downstream of the river through the ecological water supply hole 3 to maintain the ecological balance of the downstream of the river. Figure 1 Serial number 7 is the original ground line, and serial number 8 is the tunnel entrance excavation line. In the scheme of the present invention, the entrances of the diversion tunnel and the temporary ecological water supply tunnel are together, and serial number 8 is the entrance excavation line of the diversion tunnel and the temporary ecological water supply tunnel.

[0042] The buildings related to the temporary ecological water supply tunnel mainly include the ecological water supply tunnel 3, the vertical shaft 4, the ventilation traffic tunnel 5, the arc gate and control system 6, etc. The inlet and outlet elevations of the ecological water supply tunnel 3, the tunnel size, the tunnel structure, the arc gate and control system 6, the vertical shaft 4 and the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 must meet the construction and operation requirements of the ecological water supply tunnel 3.

[0043] The ecological water supply tunnel 3 is built inside the slope on the side of the dam body. The ecological water supply tunnel 3 is located upstream of the dam body. The lining 3.1 of the ecological water supply tunnel is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the entrance elevation of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is generally arranged above the upstream flood water level during the dry season to ensure the dry land construction requirements during the dry season.

[0044] The bottom end of the shaft 4 is located outside the ecological water supply tunnel 3, and the bottom end of the shaft 4 is located above the ecological water supply tunnel 3. The bottom end of the shaft 4 is located inside the slope on the side of the dam body, the top of the shaft 4 extends from the slope, the top of the shaft 4 is connected to the ventilation traffic tunnel 5, the shaft 4 and the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 are at a set angle, and the angle between the shaft 4 and the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 can be determined according to the direction of the river slope, or the shaft 4 and the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 are perpendicular. The ventilation traffic tunnel 5 is hollow inside and connected to the shaft 4. The ventilation traffic tunnel 5 is horizontally arranged to prevent rainwater from entering the shaft 4 along the ventilation traffic tunnel 5. The shaft 4 can be a reinforced concrete structure, and stairs are arranged in the shaft 4. The arc gate and control system 6 can be entered along the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 and the shaft 4. The inlet elevation of the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 is not lower than the water storage level when the permanent ecological water supply measures or the discharge structure reach the downstream ecological flow conditions, and is higher than the flood water level during the construction period of the permanent plugging of the diversion tunnel 2.

[0045] The ecological water supply tunnel 3 includes an inlet section, an arc gate and a control system section, and an outlet straight section, which are connected. The inlet section and the diversion tunnel are arranged together on the slope on the inlet side of the diversion tunnel, the arc gate and the control system section are arranged on the slope within the range of smooth water flow after the ecological water supply tunnel 3 turns, and the outlet straight section is arranged on the downstream side of the arc gate and the control system section. The outlet straight section directly intersects with the tangent of the axis direction of the high diversion tunnel 2. The specific arrangement of the detailed structure can be determined by numerical simulation or hydraulic model test. The end of the outlet straight section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is the water flow outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel 3, and the outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is connected with the high diversion tunnel 2.

[0046] The inlet section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is provided with a bell mouth, which is located upstream of the dam body. The bell mouth extends from the slope upstream of the dam body to the water source upstream of the dam body. Water flows in from the bell mouth, flows along the ecological water supply tunnel 3 under the action of gravity, flows from the ecological water supply tunnel 3 into the high diversion tunnel 2, flows along the high diversion tunnel 2 under the action of gravity, and flows from the outlet of the high diversion tunnel 2 to the downstream of the river channel, supplying water to the downstream of the river channel and maintaining the ecological balance of the downstream of the river channel. The top of the inlet section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is a 1 / 4 ellipse.

[0047] The arc gate and control system 6 is located in the side slope of the dam body, and the outer wall of the arc gate and control system 6 is a lining 6.1, which can be a reinforced concrete structure. The arc gate and control system 6 is located outside the ecological water supply tunnel 3 and above the ecological water supply tunnel 3. An arc gate 6.3 is arranged in the arc gate and control system 6, such as Figure 4 As shown, the arc gate 6.3 is installed at the intersection of the arc gate and control system 6 and the ecological water supply tunnel 3. The arc gate 6.3 closes the interface between the arc gate and control system 6 and the ecological water supply tunnel 3, and the arc gate and control system 6 are separated from the ecological water supply tunnel 3 by the arc gate 6.3. The arc gate 6.3 can control the opening size of the ecological water supply tunnel 3. By adjusting the opening size, the water flow through the ecological water supply tunnel 3 can be adjusted.

[0048] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the arc gate and control system 6 is also provided with a ventilation door hole 6.4, a hoisting and closing device 6.2 and a hoisting and closing device platform 6.5. The ventilation door hole 6.4 is located at the end of the shaft 4 facing the arc gate and control system 6, and the interior of the arc gate and control system 6 is connected with the shaft 4 through the ventilation door hole 6.4. The arc gate and control system 6 is also provided with a horizontal hoisting and closing device platform 6.5, and the hoisting and closing device platform 6.5 is used to install the hoisting and closing device 6.2. The hoisting and closing device includes an electromechanical structure, a flow valve, a remote sensing device, and automatic control. The hoisting and closing device 6.2 automatically controls the rotation of the arc gate 6.3 through the flow rate sensed by the flow valve to adjust the opening of the ecological water supply tunnel 3. Controlling the opening of the arc gate 6.3 through the hoisting and closing device 6.2 belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] The arc gate support 6.6 is located below the shaft 4. The side of the arc gate support 6.6 facing the inside of the arc gate and control system 6 is located at the interface between the arc gate and control system 6 and the ecological water supply tunnel 3. The side of the arc gate support 6.6 facing the inside of the arc gate and control system 6 is used to install one end of the arc gate 6.3, and the other end of the arc gate 6.3 can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise under the control of the opening and closing device 6.2. The top surface of the arc gate support 6.6 provides support for the shaft 4, and the bottom surface of the arc gate support 6.6 is integrated with the ecological water supply tunnel 3.

[0050] The opening and closing equipment platform 6.5 is arranged above the radial gate 6.3, and the electrical lines are introduced into the radial gate and control system 6 through the traffic tunnel 5 or the construction branch tunnel. The radial gate 6.3 can be controlled remotely or on-site; the ventilation door hole 6.4 also serves as an entry hole. When the remote control of the opening and closing equipment 6.2 fails, the opening of the radial gate 6.3 can be controlled manually through the ventilation door hole 6.4 into the radial gate and control system 6. The ventilation door hole 6.4 width × height size is not less than 1m × 1m.

[0051] The arc gate control section included in the ecological water supply tunnel 3 adopts a rectangular shape, which can be formed by the gradual change of the city gate tunnel shape. The end of the inlet section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is connected to the starting end of the arc gate and control system section, and the end of the arc gate and control system section is connected to the starting end of the outlet straight section. The height of the inlet section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is relatively high. In order to match the maximum opening of the arc gate 6.3, the height of the arc gate and control system section gradually decreases from the starting end to the end. The ratio of the height of the starting end of the arc gate and control system section to the height of the end can be between 4: 1 and 10: 1. The ratio of the height of the starting end of the arc gate and control system section to the height of the end is specifically determined according to the ecological flow discharge requirements.

[0052] Before the diversion tunnel flows, the civil engineering of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 should be completed, and the intersection of the straight section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 outlet and the high diversion tunnel should be blocked with a temporary plug to ensure smooth water flow during the initial and middle diversion of the high diversion tunnel, that is, to ensure that the water source in the upstream of the river can flow smoothly along the diversion tunnel to the downstream of the river during the dam cofferdam period and the dam construction period. The temporary plug can be a concrete structure or a gate.

[0053] The installation and commissioning of the arc gate and control system 6 metal joints and electromechanical equipment is generally carried out in the dry season before the diversion tunnel is closed to prevent the equipment from being flooded or rusted during the initial and middle diversion periods. In the dry season before the diversion tunnel is closed, the upstream water level is lower than the entrance of the ecological water supply tunnel, and the arc gate 6.3 and the opening and closing equipment 6.2 are installed and commissioned. After the commissioning is completed, some metal joints and electromechanical equipment that may be damaged by water are removed.

[0054] Before the diversion tunnel is closed, go down from the ventilation tunnel 5 and the shaft 4 to the hoisting and closing equipment platform 6.5, install and re-debug the hoisting and closing equipment 6.2.

[0055] After the installation and commissioning of the arc gate 6.3 and the opening and closing equipment 6.2 of the ecological water supply tunnel are completed, the temporary plug at the intersection of the straight section of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 outlet and the high diversion tunnel 2 is removed; the low diversion tunnel 1 (if any) and the high diversion tunnel 2 are closed in turn, the upstream water level continues to rise, and the arc gate 6.2 is started to control the discharge after the ecological water supply tunnel 3 meets the requirements of the downstream ecological flow rate, until the reservoir water level is stored to the permanent ecological water supply or the permanent flood discharge facilities meet the downstream ecological flow rate, the arc gate 6.3 of the ecological water supply tunnel is closed, and the diversion tunnel is sealed with a reinforced concrete structure.

[0056] The present invention also discloses a method for supplying water through the temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: construct a diversion tunnel on the river bank slope, the diversion tunnel connects the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel of the dam body. The construction of the diversion tunnel is an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0057] Step 2: Construct an ecological water supply tunnel 3, lining 6.1, a start-and-stop equipment platform 6.5, a vertical shaft 4 and a ventilation traffic tunnel 5 in the mountain on the same side as the diversion tunnel.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, one end of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is connected to the water source upstream of the dam body, and the other end of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is connected to the diversion tunnel, specifically, it is connected to the part of the diversion tunnel located upstream of the dam body. The intersection of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 and the diversion tunnel 2 is blocked with a temporary plug.

[0059] The ecological water supply tunnel 3 can be formed by drilling and blasting. One end of the diversion tunnel is connected to the river channel upstream of the dam body, and the other end is connected to the river channel downstream of the dam body. The length of the diversion tunnel is usually several hundred meters, and the length of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 is usually only tens of meters. After the water upstream of the dam body flows into the ecological water supply tunnel 3, it flows from the ecological water supply tunnel 3 into the diversion tunnel, and then flows from the diversion tunnel to the river channel downstream of the dam body, supplying water to the river channel downstream of the dam body and maintaining the ecological balance of the river channel downstream.

[0060] Step 3: Go down from the ventilation traffic tunnel 5 and the shaft 4 to the opening and closing equipment platform 6.5, install and debug the opening and closing equipment 6.2, and install the radial gate 6.3.

[0061] Step 4: After the installation and commissioning of the radial gate 6.3 and the opening and closing equipment 6.2 are completed, remove the plug at the intersection of the straight section of the outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel 3 and the high diversion tunnel 2; close the gate of the diversion tunnel. After the gate of the diversion tunnel is closed, the water level upstream will not flow from the water inlet of the diversion tunnel to the downstream, and the upstream water level will continue to rise. After the ecological water supply tunnel 3 meets the requirements of the downstream ecological flow rate, the radial gate 6.2 will be used to control the discharge until the reservoir water level reaches the permanent ecological water supply or the permanent flood discharge facility meets the downstream ecological flow rate. The radial gate 6.3 is closed and the diversion tunnel is sealed with a reinforced concrete structure.

[0062] The above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure, comprising a diversion tunnel arranged on the river slope, the diversion tunnel connecting the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel of the dam body, characterized in that: It also includes an ecological water supply tunnel (3) arranged upstream of the dam body, the ecological water supply tunnel (3) being arranged in the mountain on the same side as the diversion tunnel, the ecological water supply tunnel being a channel for water flow, the inlet elevation of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) being arranged above the upstream flood water level during the dry season, and the outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) being connected to the diversion tunnel at the tangent of the diversion tunnel turning section.

2. A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological water supply tunnel (3) comprises an inlet section, an arc gate and a control system section, and an outlet straight section which are interconnected, wherein the inlet section and the diversion tunnel are arranged together in the inlet open channel of the diversion tunnel, the inlet section of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) is provided with a bell mouth, and the bell mouth extends from the slope upstream of the dam body to the water source upstream of the dam body, the arc gate and the control system section are arranged in the tunnel section within the range of smooth water flow after the ecological water supply tunnel (3) turns, and the outlet straight section is arranged on the downstream side of the arc gate and the control system section, and the outlet straight section intersects with the tangent line of the diversion tunnel axis direction.

3. A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological water supply hole (3) is externally connected to a vertical shaft (4), a passage step is arranged inside the vertical shaft (4), the bottom end of the vertical shaft (4) is located inside the slope and above the ecological water supply hole, the top end of the vertical shaft (4) extends out from the slope, the top of the vertical shaft (4) is connected to the ventilation traffic hole (5), and the vertical shaft (4) and the ventilation traffic hole (5) are at a preset angle.

4. A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inlet elevation of the ventilation traffic tunnel (5) is not lower than the water storage level when the permanent ecological water supply measures or the discharge structure reach the downstream ecological flow conditions, and is higher than the flood water level during the construction period of the permanent plugging of the diversion tunnel.

5. The temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological water supply tunnel (3) is provided with an arc gate and control system (6) outside, the arc gate and control system (6) is located in the side slope of the dam body, the arc gate and control system (6) is located above the ecological water supply tunnel (3), and an arc gate (6.3) is provided inside the arc gate and control system (6), and the arc gate (6.3) closes the interface between the arc gate and control system (6) and the ecological water supply tunnel (3).

6. A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arc gate and control system (6) is also provided with a ventilation door hole (6.4), an opening and closing device (6.2) and an opening and closing device platform (6.5). The ventilation door hole (6.4) is located at the end of the shaft (4) facing the arc gate and control system (6). The arc gate and control system (6) is also provided with an opening and closing device platform (6.5). The opening and closing device (6.2) is installed on the opening and closing device platform (6.5). The opening and closing device (6.2) is used to adjust the opening of the arc gate (6.3).

7. A temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the arc gate (6.3) is mounted on the side of the arc gate support (6.6) facing the inside of the arc gate and control system (6); the other end of the arc gate (6.3) rotates clockwise or counterclockwise under the control of the opening and closing device (6.2); the arc gate support (6.6) is located below the vertical shaft (4); the side of the arc gate support (6.6) facing the inside of the arc gate and control system (6) is located at the interface between the arc gate and control system (6) and the ecological water supply tunnel (3); the top surface of the arc gate support (6.6) provides support for the vertical shaft (4); and the bottom surface of the arc gate support (6.6) is integrated with the ecological water supply tunnel (3).

8. The temporary ecological water supply tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the arc gate and control system section of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) gradually decreases from the starting end to the end, and the ratio of the height of the arc gate and control system section at the starting end to the height of the end end is between 4:1 and 10:

1.

9. A method for realizing temporary ecological water supply by using the temporary ecological water supply structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: A diversion tunnel is built on the river bank slope to connect the upstream and downstream river channels of the dam body; An ecological water supply tunnel (3) is constructed in the mountain on the same side as the diversion tunnel. An arc gate and control system (6) and a vertical shaft (4) are constructed above the ecological water supply tunnel (3). A ventilation traffic tunnel (5) is provided. The ventilation traffic tunnel (5) is connected to the vertical shaft (4). An opening and closing equipment platform (6.5) is provided inside the arc gate and control system (6); One end of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) is connected to the water source upstream of the dam body, and the other end of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) is connected to the diversion tunnel. The intersection of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) and the diversion tunnel (2) is sealed with a temporary plug; From the ventilation traffic tunnel (5) and the shaft (4) down to the opening and closing equipment platform (6.5), install and debug the opening and closing equipment (6.2), and install the radial gate (6.3); After the installation and commissioning of the radial gate (6.3) and the opening and closing equipment (6.2) are completed, the plug at the intersection of the straight section of the outlet of the ecological water supply tunnel (3) and the high diversion tunnel (2) is removed; the diversion tunnel is closed, the upstream water level continues to rise, and the water upstream of the dam body flows into the ecological water supply tunnel (3), then flows from the ecological water supply tunnel (3) into the diversion tunnel, and finally flows from the diversion tunnel to the river channel downstream of the dam body; After the ecological water supply tunnel (3) meets the requirements for the downstream ecological flow rate, the radial gate (6.2) is used to control the discharge until the reservoir water level reaches the point where the permanent ecological water supply or permanent flood discharge facilities meet the requirements for the downstream ecological flow rate. Then, the radial gate (6.3) is closed and the diversion tunnel is blocked.

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