Underground metal mine goaf roof caving shock wave prevention and control device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal mine goaf treatment, and discloses an underground metal mine goaf roof caving shock wave prevention and control device which comprises a prevention and control mechanism, an early warning mechanism is arranged on the top of the prevention and control mechanism, a wave blocking mechanism is arranged on the front face of the prevention and control mechanism, and the early warning mechanism is attached to the prevention and control mechanism. The wave blocking mechanism is attached to the prevention and control mechanism; the prevention and control mechanism comprises a plurality of connecting blocks, a plurality of supporting rods are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the connecting blocks, rubber columns are fixedly connected to the interiors of the supporting rods, first connecting columns are fixedly connected to the interiors of the supporting rods, and the rubber columns are fixedly connected to the interiors of the first connecting columns. The interiors of the multiple supporting rods are fixedly connected with second connecting columns. According to the underground metal mine goaf roof caving shock wave prevention and control device, the number of the connecting blocks and the number of the supporting rods are selected according to impact energy, welding and assembling are conducted, and the device can adapt to underground metal mine goaf environments of different scales and complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal mine goaf management, and in particular to a device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof fall in goaf areas of underground metal mines. Background Art

[0002] The prevention and control of the hazard of roof collapse in the goaf of underground metal mines is one of the important tasks in underground mining of metal deposits. Roof collapse in the goaf of underground metal mines usually refers to the phenomenon that during the mining operation of underground metal mines, the roof of the goaf gradually produces cracks and delaminations due to multiple factors such as its own gravity, geological structural stress, and disturbances caused by mining activities, and eventually loses stability and causes sudden, large-scale collapse or fracture. Roof collapse in the goaf of underground metal mines has become a major hidden danger to mine safety production due to its strong suddenness and large scale, and directly threatens the lives of underground workers.

[0003] When the roof of the goaf falls, a large number of rock fragments fall rapidly in a very short period of time, and violently collide with the rocks or tunnel walls below, resulting in a huge release of energy, thus forming a shock wave. In addition, the roof fall process may also be accompanied by physical processes such as rock fracture and extrusion, which will also release energy, further exacerbating the formation of shock waves. Shock waves will not only cause direct damage to mine structures and production equipment, but also pose a serious threat to underground workers, including impact injuries, crushing injuries, and possible secondary injuries, further exacerbating the harmfulness and complexity of the accident.

[0004] At present, the existing roof fall shock wave prevention and control devices on the market use safety protection fences or steel mesh combined with fixed components, which are arranged horizontally along the edge of the goaf and connected to the side of the tunnel through fixed components. However, the geological conditions of underground metal mines are complex and changeable, and it is necessary to select appropriate prevention and control devices according to specific geological conditions, and the shock wave prevention and control devices should be flexibly selected according to the scope and degree of roof fall to resist the impact of shock waves, so as to avoid problems such as insufficient bearing capacity of shock wave prevention and control devices or excessive prevention and control costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a shock wave prevention and control device for roof fall in the goaf of underground metal mines. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf areas of underground metal mines, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf areas of underground metal mines, comprising a prevention and control mechanism, a warning mechanism is arranged on the top of the prevention and control mechanism, a wave blocking mechanism is arranged on the front of the prevention and control mechanism, the warning mechanism is fitted with the top surface of the prevention and control mechanism, and the wave blocking mechanism is fitted with the side wall of the prevention and control mechanism; The prevention and control mechanism includes a connecting block, wherein a plurality of the connecting blocks are provided, a plurality of support rods are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the plurality of connecting blocks, a plurality of rubber columns are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the plurality of support rods, a first connecting column is fixedly connected to one side of the inner sides of the plurality of support rods, and a second connecting column is fixedly connected to the other side of the inner sides of the plurality of support rods; The early warning mechanism includes a base plate, the bottom of the base plate is fitted with the top of the connecting block, the top of the base plate is fixedly connected to an electric push rod, the top of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to a top plate, the top of the top plate is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor, and a pad is provided on the top of the pressure sensor.

[0007] Preferably, a spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first connecting column, and the bottom of the spring is fixedly connected to the second connecting column.

[0008] Preferably, a sleeve rod is sleeved on the surface of the first connecting column, the sleeve rod is matched with the second connecting column, a circular groove is opened inside the sleeve rod, the circular groove is matched with the spring, and the surface of the sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the rubber column.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of the electric push rods are provided, and the plurality of the electric push rods are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of cushion columns are fixedly connected to the top of the pressure sensor, and the tops of the plurality of cushion columns are all fixedly connected to the same cushion plate.

[0011] Preferably, an alarm electrically connected to the pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate, a speaker electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the alarm is fixedly connected to the left side of the alarm, and a rubber net is fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate, and the rubber net is fixedly connected to the bottom plate.

[0012] Preferably, the wave-blocking mechanism includes a wave-blocking plate, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the front side of the wave-blocking plate, a first threaded hole is opened inside the fixing plate, a second threaded hole is opened on the front side of the wave-blocking plate, a cross bolt is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole, and the cross bolt is adapted to the second threaded hole.

[0013] Preferably, a positioning block is fixedly connected to the right side of the wave-blocking plate, and a positioning groove is provided on the left side of the wave-blocking plate, and the positioning groove is plugged into the positioning block.

[0014] Preferably, a reflective plate is fixedly connected to the front side of the wave-blocking plate, and a light strip is fixedly connected to the top of the front side of the wave-blocking plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: First, in the present invention, the sleeve rod is a cylinder, which is wide in the middle and narrowed at both ends. A circular groove is opened from the bottom of the sleeve rod to the top to form a hollow. The top hollow is connected to the first connecting column through the internal space, and the bottom hollow is connected to the second connecting column. Through the arrangement of multiple connecting blocks and support rods, a stable support structure is provided for the entire prevention and control device. The surrounding rock of the goaf is three-dimensionally scanned to obtain a three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock of the goaf. On the basis of the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock of the goaf, the structural surface parameters are analyzed to evaluate the degree of roof caving tendency. For rock masses with high roof caving tendency, the three-dimensional model is input into the control device. Enter the numerical software, input rock density, strength and other parameters, perform numerical simulation, and obtain the impact energy. Among them, the numerical software uses ANSYS, which is a tool specially used for numerical simulation and simulation. In mining engineering, these software are often used to simulate rock stability, ground pressure distribution, impact ground pressure and other issues. The finite element calculation model is used. The finite element method is a method that divides a continuum into a finite number of units and obtains the overall structural response by solving the mechanical equilibrium equations of these units. In the simulation of the surrounding rock of the goaf, the finite element model can simulate the stress, The simulation principle is based on the basic principles of physics and mathematical methods. According to the impact energy, the number of connecting blocks and support rods is selected and welded and assembled. A single connecting block is connected to multiple support rods at the same time, and a single support rod is connected to two connecting blocks at the same time. They are arranged in a hexagonal structure, which can adapt to the goaf environment of underground metal mines of different scales and complexities. If the surrounding rock of the goaf is relatively stable and the shock wave mainly comes from above (such as rock collapse), the prevention and control device can be directly welded or bolted to the surface of the surrounding rock. For some goafs with complex geological conditions, the prevention and control device needs to be embedded in the surrounding rock to better absorb and disperse the shock wave. It is necessary to drill holes in the surrounding rock, and then put the device in and fix it. The first connecting column, spring and second connecting column arranged inside the support rod constitute an effective buffer system. When subjected to shock waves, the spring can absorb and disperse the impact force, reducing the damage to the prevention and control device and the surrounding environment. At the same time, the setting of the rubber column further enhances the buffering and shock absorption effect, and improves the durability and safety of the device.

[0016] Second, in the present invention, the pad is fitted with the bottom of the surrounding rock of the goaf, and the pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes above the top plate in real time. When the top pressure of the top plate increases abnormally, a sound signal is quickly sent out through the alarm to remind personnel to pay attention and take emergency measures. The electric push rod can be used to adjust the height of the early warning mechanism. The pad column and the pad increase the force-bearing area of ​​the pressure sensor. Among them, the pad column is made of tough material, and the rubber net acts between the bottom plate and the top plate to prevent foreign stones and other debris from falling into the space between the bottom plate and the top plate and hitting the electric push rod. When the electric push rod is running, the top plate is lifted, and the tough mesh material of the rubber net can still be connected between the bottom plate and the top plate under tension.

[0017] Third, the present invention, the wave-blocking plate adopts a reinforced concrete wave-blocking plate, which has high strength and rigidity, can effectively resist the impact of shock waves, and this reinforced concrete wave-blocking plate can be customized according to actual needs, and can adjust the thickness, height, reinforcement and other parameters of the wall to ensure that it meets the prevention and control requirements. The connection between the positioning block and the positioning groove can easily align the two wave-blocking plates on the same plane. The wave-blocking plate is directly connected to the ground by digging a foundation pit and pouring foundation concrete. The back is fitted with the prevention and control mechanism, and then the cross bolt is screwed into the wave-blocking plate through the threaded connection of the fixing plate to fix the two wave-blocking plates together, simplifying the installation process, and also allowing the wave-blocking mechanism to be easily expanded or reduced in scale when needed. The setting of the reflector and the light belt enhances the warning and identification function of the wave-blocking mechanism. In dim environments such as underground metal mines, the reflector can reflect light to remind personnel to pay attention to the existence of the wave-blocking plate, and the light belt can provide lighting at night or when there is insufficient light, further improving the safety and visibility of the wave-blocking mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structural prevention and control mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the structural prevention and control mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structural warning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the structural warning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structural wave-damping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of disassembling the structural wave-damping mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Legend: 1. Prevention and control mechanism; 101. Connecting block; 102. Support rod; 103. First connecting column; 104. Spring; 105. Second connecting column; 106. Sleeve rod; 107. Rubber column; 2. Early warning mechanism; 201. Bottom plate; 202. Electric push rod; 203. Top plate; 204. Pressure sensor; 205. Pad column; 206. Pad plate; 207. Alarm; 208. Speaker; 209. Rubber net; 3. Wave blocking mechanism; 301. Wave blocking plate; 302. Positioning block; 303. Fixing plate; 304. Cross bolt; 305. Reflector; 306. Light strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in a goaf area of ​​an underground metal mine, comprising a prevention and control mechanism 1, an early warning mechanism 2 is arranged on the top of the prevention and control mechanism 1, a wave blocking mechanism 3 is arranged on the front of the prevention and control mechanism 1, the early warning mechanism 2 is fitted with the top surface of the prevention and control mechanism 1, and the wave blocking mechanism 3 is fitted with the side wall of the prevention and control mechanism 1; The prevention and control mechanism 1 includes a connecting block 101, and a plurality of connecting blocks 101 are provided. The outer sides of the plurality of connecting blocks 101 are fixedly connected to a plurality of supporting rods 102, the inner sides of the plurality of supporting rods 102 are fixedly connected to a rubber column 107, the inner sides of the plurality of supporting rods 102 are fixedly connected to a first connecting column 103, and the inner sides of the plurality of supporting rods 102 are fixedly connected to a second connecting column 105; The early warning mechanism 2 includes a base plate 201, the bottom of the base plate 201 is fitted with the top of the connecting block 101, the top of the base plate 201 is fixedly connected to an electric push rod 202, the top of the electric push rod 202 is fixedly connected to a top plate 203, the top of the top plate 203 is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor 204, and a pad 206 is provided on the top of the pressure sensor 204.

[0022] The bottom of the first connecting column 103 is fixedly connected to a spring 104 , and the bottom of the spring 104 is fixedly connected to the second connecting column 105 .

[0023] The surface of the first connecting column 103 is sleeved with a sleeve rod 106 , which is matched with the second connecting column 105 . A circular groove is formed inside the sleeve rod 106 , which is matched with the spring 104 . The surface of the sleeve rod 106 is fixedly connected with the rubber column 107 .

[0024] A plurality of electric push rods 202 are provided, and the plurality of electric push rods 202 are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0025] A plurality of pad columns 205 are fixedly connected to the top of the pressure sensor 204 , and the tops of the plurality of pad columns 205 are all fixedly connected to the same pad 206 .

[0026] The top of the top plate 203 is fixedly connected to an alarm 207 electrically connected to the pressure sensor 204, the left side of the alarm 207 is fixedly connected to a speaker 208 electrically connected to the pressure sensor 204 and the alarm 207, and the bottom of the top plate 203 is fixedly connected to a rubber net 209, which is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 201.

[0027] The wave-blocking mechanism 3 includes a wave-blocking plate 301, a fixing plate 303 is fixedly connected to the front side of the wave-blocking plate 301, a first threaded hole is opened inside the fixing plate 303, a second threaded hole is opened on the front side of the wave-blocking plate 301, a cross bolt 304 is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole, and the cross bolt 304 is adapted to the second threaded hole.

[0028] A positioning block 302 is fixedly connected to the right side of the wave-blocking plate 301 , and a positioning groove is provided on the left side of the wave-blocking plate 301 , and the positioning groove is plugged into the positioning block 302 .

[0029] A reflector 305 is fixedly connected to the front of the wave-blocking plate 301 , and a light strip 306 is fixedly connected to the top of the front of the wave-blocking plate 301 .

[0030] When in use, the sleeve rod 106 is a cylinder, which is wide in the middle and narrowed at both ends. A circular groove is opened from the bottom to the top of the sleeve rod 106 to form a hollow. The top hollow is connected to the first connecting column 103 through the internal space, and the bottom hollow is connected to the second connecting column 105. Through the arrangement of multiple connecting blocks 101 and support rods 102, a stable support structure is provided for the entire prevention and control device. A three-dimensional scan is performed on the surrounding rock of the goaf to obtain a three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock of the goaf. On the basis of the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock of the goaf, the structural surface parameters are analyzed to evaluate the degree of roof caving tendency. For rock masses with high roof caving tendency, the three-dimensional model is The numerical software is input into the rock mass density, strength and other parameters, and the impact energy is obtained by numerical simulation. Among them, the numerical software uses ANSYS, which is a tool specially used for numerical simulation and simulation. In mining engineering, these software are often used to simulate rock stability, ground pressure distribution, impact ground pressure and other issues. The finite element calculation model is used. The finite element method is a method that divides a continuum into a finite number of units and obtains the overall structural response by solving the mechanical equilibrium equations of these units. In the simulation of the surrounding rock of the goaf, the finite element model can simulate the stress, strain and displacement of the rock mass, so as to evaluate the impact energy. The stability and impact energy of the rock mass are estimated. The simulation principle is based on the basic principles of physics and mathematical methods. According to the impact energy, the number of connecting blocks 101 and support rods 102 is selected and welded and assembled. A single connecting block 101 is connected to multiple support rods 102 at the same time, and a single support rod 102 is connected to two connecting blocks 101 at the same time. They are arranged in a hexagonal structure and can adapt to the goaf environment of underground metal mines of different scales and complexities. If the surrounding rock of the goaf is relatively stable and the shock wave mainly comes from above (such as rock collapse), the prevention and control device can be directly welded or bolted to the surface of the surrounding rock. For some goafs with complex geological conditions, the prevention and control device needs to be embedded in the surrounding rock to better absorb and disperse the shock wave. When in use, it is necessary to drill a hole in the surrounding rock, and then put the device in and fix it. The first connecting column 103, spring 104 and second connecting column 105 arranged inside the support rod 102 constitute an effective buffer system. When affected by the shock wave, the spring 104 can absorb and disperse the impact force, reducing the damage to the prevention and control device and the surrounding environment. At the same time, the setting of the rubber column 107 further enhances the buffering and shock absorption effect, and improves the durability and safety of the device.

[0031] Among them, the pad 206 is in contact with the bottom of the surrounding rock of the goaf, and the pressure sensor 204 monitors the pressure changes above the top plate 203 in real time. When the top pressure of the top plate 203 increases abnormally, a sound signal is quickly sent out through the alarm 207 to remind personnel to pay attention and take emergency measures. The electric push rod 202 can be used to adjust the height of the early warning mechanism 2. The pad column 205 and the pad 206 increase the force-bearing area of ​​the pressure sensor 204. Among them, the pad column 205 is made of tough material, and the rubber net 209 acts between the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 203 to prevent foreign stones and other debris from falling into the space between the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 203 and hitting the electric push rod 202. When the electric push rod 202 is running, the top plate 203 is lifted, and the tough mesh material of the rubber net 209 can still be connected between the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 203 under tension. The wave-blocking plate 301 is a reinforced concrete wave-blocking plate, which has high strength and rigidity and can effectively resist the impact of shock waves. Moreover, the size of the reinforced concrete wave-blocking plate can be customized according to actual needs, and the thickness, height, reinforcement and other parameters of the wall can be adjusted to ensure that it meets the prevention and control requirements. In addition, by connecting the positioning block 302 with the positioning groove, the two wave-blocking plates 301 can be easily aligned on the same plane. The wave-blocking plate 301 is directly connected to the ground by digging a foundation pit and pouring foundation concrete. The back is fitted with the prevention and control mechanism 1, and then the cross bolt 304 is screwed into the wave-blocking plate 301 through the threaded connection of the fixing plate 303 to fix the two wave-blocking plates 301 together, which simplifies the installation process and allows the wave-blocking mechanism 3 to be easily expanded or reduced in size when needed. The setting of the reflector 305 and the light strip 306 enhances the warning and identification function of the wave-blocking mechanism 3. In dim environments such as underground metal mines, the reflector 305 can reflect light to remind personnel of the existence of the wave-blocking plate 301, and the light strip 306 can provide lighting at night or when there is insufficient light, further improving the safety and visibility of the wave-blocking mechanism 3.

[0032] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit thereof, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof collapse in a goaf area of ​​an underground metal mine, comprising a prevention and control mechanism (1), characterized in that: An early warning mechanism (2) is arranged on the top of the control mechanism (1), and a wave blocking mechanism (3) is arranged on the front of the control mechanism (1); the early warning mechanism (2) is in contact with the top surface of the control mechanism (1), and the wave blocking mechanism (3) is in contact with the side wall of the control mechanism (1); The prevention and control mechanism (1) comprises a connection block (101), wherein a plurality of the connection blocks (101) are provided, wherein the outer sides of the plurality of connection blocks (101) are fixedly connected to a plurality of support rods (102), the inner sides of the plurality of support rods (102) are fixedly connected to a rubber column (107), the inner sides of the plurality of support rods (102) are fixedly connected to a first connection column (103), and the inner sides of the plurality of support rods (102) are fixedly connected to a second connection column (105); The warning mechanism (2) comprises a bottom plate (201), the bottom of the bottom plate (201) being in contact with the top (101) of the connecting block, the top of the bottom plate (201) being fixedly connected to an electric push rod (202), the top of the electric push rod (202) being fixedly connected to a top plate (203), the top of the top plate (203) being fixedly connected to a pressure sensor (204), and a pad (206) being provided on the top of the pressure sensor (204).

2. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the first connecting column (103) is fixedly connected to a spring (104), and the bottom of the spring (104) is fixedly connected to the second connecting column (105).

3. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A sleeve rod (106) is sleeved on the surface of the first connecting column (103), the sleeve rod (106) is matched with the second connecting column (105), a circular groove is provided inside the sleeve rod (106), the circular groove is matched with the spring (104), and the surface of the sleeve rod (106) is fixedly connected to the rubber column (107).

4. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of the electric push rods (202) are provided, and the plurality of the electric push rods (202) are arranged in a rectangular array.

5. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of cushion columns (205) are fixedly connected to the top of the pressure sensor (204), and the tops of the plurality of cushion columns (205) are all fixedly connected to the same cushion plate (206).

6. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the top plate (203) is fixedly connected to an alarm (207) electrically connected to the pressure sensor (204), the left side of the alarm (207) is fixedly connected to a speaker (208) electrically connected to the pressure sensor (204) and the alarm (207), and the bottom of the top plate (203) is fixedly connected to a rubber net (209), and the rubber net (209) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (201).

7. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wave-blocking mechanism (3) comprises a wave-blocking plate (301), the front face of the wave-blocking plate (301) being fixedly connected to a fixing plate (303), a first threaded hole being provided inside the fixing plate (303), a second threaded hole being provided on the front face of the wave-blocking plate (301), a cross bolt (304) being threadedly connected inside the first threaded hole, and the cross bolt (304) being adapted to fit the second threaded hole.

8. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A positioning block (302) is fixedly connected to the right side of the wave-blocking plate (301), and a positioning groove is provided on the left side of the wave-blocking plate (301), and the positioning groove is plugged into the positioning block (302).

9. The device for preventing and controlling shock waves caused by roof falling in goaf of underground metal mine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A reflective plate (305) is fixedly connected to the front of the wave-blocking plate (301), and a light strip (306) is fixedly connected to the top of the front of the wave-blocking plate (301).

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