Electromagnetic switch type damper and gas-liquid composite shock absorber

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic switch type damper and a gas-liquid combined type shock absorber, and relates to the technical field of shock absorbers. The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, damping force of a traditional damper cannot be adjusted; the problems that in the prior art, a shock absorber is used for modification, although the damping force can be adjusted, people need to get off a vehicle and bend and stretch hands to manually adjust the vehicle when the vehicle is static, adjustment is not convenient, and if the vehicle is on the muddy ground, damping adjustment is poor in use experience are solved. The device comprises a base, a switch plate, a cover plate and an electromagnetic driving device, the switch plate is arranged on the base, corresponding hole channels are formed in the base, the switch plate and the cover plate, and the hole channels are used for oil passing; the electromagnetic driving device drives the switch plate to linearly slide on the base. The electromagnetic driving device is used for the automobile shock absorber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle shock absorbers, and in particular to an electromagnetic switch damper and a gas-liquid composite shock absorber. Background Art

[0002] At present, the weight of new energy vehicles is gradually increasing due to the increase in cruising range and the weight of batteries. The inertia force in driving state increases due to the weight, which leads to the following problems. For example, when braking, the inertia force will increase, resulting in serious nodding phenomenon. At this time, the damping force of the shock absorber needs to be increased to alleviate this phenomenon, but the damper in the traditional shock absorber cannot be adjusted electronically in real time, which directly affects the driving experience and safety. How to adjust the damping force of the damper in the shock absorber in a timely and fast manner is particularly important, and new energy vehicles have sufficient power themselves, so the development direction of the damper in the shock absorber is electrification and intelligence, so as to realize the active control and intelligent control of the shock absorber.

[0003] Shock absorbers are important components in vehicle suspension systems. Conventional shock absorbers usually include a working cylinder filled with a damping fluid such as oil or gas, and a piston, which is arranged on a piston rod movably arranged in the cylinder. The function of the shock absorber is to quickly attenuate the vibration of the vehicle body and improve the driving smoothness and ride comfort of the vehicle. The damping force of the damper in the shock absorber is an important parameter for controlling its working resistance.

[0004] The damper of a traditional shock absorber cannot adjust the damping force. Although the modified shock absorbers on the market can adjust the damping force, it is extremely inconvenient for people to get off the vehicle and bend over to adjust it manually when the vehicle is stationary. If you want to adjust the damping on a muddy ground, it will be a worse user experience. Due to the complex and changeable road conditions, the corresponding damping value also needs to be adjusted to better meet the comfort needs of the driver and passengers. The damper of a traditional shock absorber cannot be electronically controlled or intelligently adjusted at any time according to road conditions or emergencies while the vehicle is driving. It lacks flexibility and is extremely inconvenient to use.

[0005] The damper of a traditional shock absorber cannot realize the electronic control adjustment of compression damping and rebound damping at the same time, and thus cannot change the compression speed and rebound speed of the shock absorber. It cannot better cope with different road scenes and cannot provide a good driving experience and comfort. Therefore, the damper of the shock absorber needs to develop in the direction of electrification and intelligent control. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology, and further provide an electromagnetic switch damper and a gas-liquid composite shock absorber, which can actively adjust the damping force of the damper in the shock absorber to achieve rapid adjustment of the vehicle body posture, thereby realizing active control and intelligent control of the shock absorber.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is: an electromagnetic switch damper, comprising a base, a switch plate, a cover plate and an electromagnetic drive device;

[0008] The switch plate is arranged on the base, and the base, the switch plate and the cover plate are all provided with corresponding holes, and the holes are used for passing oil; the electromagnetic driving device drives the switch plate to slide linearly on the base.

[0009] Further, the electromagnetic switch damper is a one-way electromagnetic switch damper, which includes a one-way valve, and the one-way valve is arranged in the damper oil passage;

[0010] Alternatively, the electromagnetic switch damper is a bidirectional electromagnetic switch damper, the lower end surface of the base is provided with a base spring sheet, the base spring sheet covers part of the base channel in the area where the switch plate is located; the upper end surface of the cover plate is provided with a cover plate spring sheet, the cover plate spring sheet covers the cover plate channel in the area where all or part of the switch plate is located.

[0011] Further, the electromagnetic drive device is an electromagnet, and the electromagnet includes a moving iron core and a fixed iron core; the moving iron core is arranged at the end of the switch plate, and the fixed iron core is arranged on the side wall of the base, and the fixed iron core is arranged corresponding to the moving iron core. When the fixed iron core is energized, the fixed iron core drives the moving iron core to drive the switch plate to slide linearly on the base, and a return spring is arranged between the end of the switch plate and the side wall of the base;

[0012] Alternatively, the electromagnetic drive device is a voice coil motor, which includes a magnet and a coil; a coil is provided at the end of the switch plate, and a magnet is provided on the side wall of the base, the magnet and the coil are provided correspondingly, and when the coil is energized, the magnet drives the coil to drive the switch plate to slide linearly on the base.

[0013] Further, the bottom of the base is provided with a base fixing channel, the cover plate is provided with a cover plate fixing channel, the base fixing channel is provided corresponding to the cover plate fixing channel, the switch plate is provided with an adjustment channel and an adjustment auxiliary channel, the adjustment channel and the adjustment auxiliary channel are provided at intervals from each other; the base is provided with a base oil passage channel, the cover plate is provided with a cover plate oil passage channel, the base oil passage channel is provided corresponding to the cover plate oil passage channel, and the base oil passage channel and the cover plate oil passage channel constitute a damper oil passage channel;

[0014] Or the bottom of the base is provided with a base fixing channel and a base auxiliary channel, the base fixing channel and the base auxiliary channel are arranged at intervals, the cover plate is provided with a cover plate fixing channel and a cover plate auxiliary channel, the cover plate fixing channel and the cover plate auxiliary channel are arranged at intervals, the base fixing channel is arranged corresponding to the cover plate fixing channel, the base auxiliary channel is arranged corresponding to the cover plate auxiliary channel, and the switch plate is provided with an adjustment channel; the base is provided with a base oil passage channel, the cover plate is provided with a cover plate oil passage channel, the base oil passage channel is arranged corresponding to the cover plate oil passage channel, and the base oil passage channel and the cover plate oil passage channel constitute a damper oil passage channel;

[0015] Or the bottom of the base is provided with a base fixing channel and a base auxiliary channel, the base fixing channel and the base auxiliary channel are spaced apart from each other, the cover plate is provided with a cover plate fixing channel and a cover plate auxiliary channel, the cover plate fixing channel and the cover plate auxiliary channel are spaced apart from each other, the base fixing channel is arranged corresponding to the cover plate fixing channel, the base auxiliary channel is arranged corresponding to the cover plate auxiliary channel, the switch plate is provided with an adjustment channel and an adjustment auxiliary channel, the adjustment channel and the adjustment auxiliary channel are spaced apart from each other; the base is provided with a base oil passage channel, the cover plate is provided with a cover plate oil passage channel, the base oil passage channel is arranged corresponding to the cover plate oil passage channel, and the base oil passage channel and the cover plate oil passage channel constitute a damper oil passage channel.

[0016] Furthermore, a limit reinforcing plate is arranged inside the base, and a switch plate is arranged between adjacent limit reinforcing plates.

[0017] Furthermore, ball grooves or concave-convex grooves are provided on the upper and lower surfaces or the left and right sides of the switch plate, and the switch plate is slidably connected with the base and the cover plate through the balls in the ball grooves or the concave-convex grooves.

[0018] Furthermore, the surface of the base or cover plate in contact with the switch plate is provided with a gear limit bead, the lower part of the gear limit bead is provided with a gear limit spring, and the contact surface between the switch plate and the gear limit bead is provided with a gear limit pit according to the gear position.

[0019] Furthermore, the one-way valve includes a one-way valve retaining ring, a multi-wing shaft, and a valve bonnet; a valve bonnet is provided at one end of the multi-wing shaft, and a one-way valve retaining ring is installed at the other end; the multi-wing shaft passes through the damper oil passage, and the end faces of the wings of the multi-wing shaft are slidingly connected to the inner walls of the damper oil passage, and there are gaps between the wings, and the oil passes through the gaps.

[0020] Furthermore, a flow control device is provided at the damper oil passage for controlling the flow of oil passing through the damper oil passage.

[0021] Another technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: a gas-liquid composite shock absorber, comprising an energy accumulator, a piston body and an electromagnetic switch damper; a piston rod is arranged inside the piston cavity wall of the piston body, the interior of the piston cavity wall is a piston cavity, and the piston cavity is divided into an upper piston chamber and a lower piston chamber by a damping piston at one end of the piston rod; the damping piston is a piston with a damping function; a damper or a piston oil channel is arranged inside the damping piston, and the upper piston chamber is connected to the lower piston chamber through the damper or the piston oil channel; the electromagnetic switch damper is a two-way electromagnetic switch damper, and a two-way electromagnetic switch damper is arranged inside the oil space formed by the oil space formed between the upper piston chamber and the energy accumulator, the oil space of the upper piston chamber, and the oil space of the energy accumulator, so that the oil flows through the two-way electromagnetic switch damper;

[0022] The energy accumulator is arranged on the outside of the piston cavity wall, the energy accumulator includes an energy accumulator chamber and a deformable gas storage chamber, the deformable gas storage chamber is arranged inside the energy accumulator chamber, and the energy accumulator chamber is a chamber surrounded by the energy accumulator outer wall, the energy accumulator inner wall, the energy accumulator upper wall and the energy accumulator lower wall; a plurality of energy accumulator oil grooves are evenly arranged on the circumference of one side of the energy accumulator outer wall or the energy accumulator inner wall close to the deformable gas storage chamber, and a plurality of energy accumulator oil passages are evenly arranged on the circumference of the energy accumulator upper wall, and the energy accumulator oil passages are connected with the corresponding energy accumulator oil grooves;

[0023] One end of the piston rod located inside the piston cavity is connected to a damping piston, and the other end extending out of the piston cavity is provided with a fixed end, and a piston ring is installed on the damping piston;

[0024] An upper oil chamber is provided between the upper chamber of the piston and the oil channel formed by the accumulator; the upper chamber of the piston is connected to the upper oil chamber through an oil hole;

[0025] The shock absorber also includes an auxiliary and sealing structure, which includes a lower end cover, a sealing rubber sleeve, a lower end cover of the sealing rubber sleeve, an upper end cover, and an oil inlet and outlet; a sealing oil seal and a dustproof oil seal are arranged in the lower end cover; the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the shock absorber, the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the shock absorber, the lower end cover of the sealing rubber sleeve is connected to the end of the piston rod, the piston rod passes through the sealing rubber sleeve, one end of the sealing rubber sleeve is installed on the lower end cover, and the other end is installed on the lower end cover of the sealing rubber sleeve; the oil inlet and outlet are used to charge and discharge oil to the shock absorber; the deformable air storage chamber is provided with charging and discharging holes, and the charging and discharging holes extend out of the outer wall of the shock absorber;

[0026] Or the shock absorber includes an energy accumulator, a piston body, an upper end cover and an electromagnetic switch damper; a piston rod is arranged inside the piston cavity wall of the piston body, and the interior of the piston cavity wall is a piston cavity, and the piston cavity is divided into an upper piston chamber and a lower piston chamber by a damping piston at one end of the piston rod; the damping piston is a piston with a damping function; a damper or a piston oil channel is arranged inside the damping piston, and the upper piston chamber is connected to the lower piston chamber through the damper or the piston oil channel; the electromagnetic switch damper is a one-way electromagnetic switch damper, and the upper piston chamber is connected to the energy accumulator through the one-way electromagnetic switch damper, and two one-way electromagnetic switch dampers connected in series are arranged at the lower part of the upper end cover, and the two one-way electromagnetic switch dampers are connected to each other through a damper separation cylinder;

[0027] The energy accumulator is arranged on the outside of the piston cavity wall, the energy accumulator includes an energy accumulator chamber and a deformable gas storage chamber, the deformable gas storage chamber is arranged inside the energy accumulator chamber, and the energy accumulator chamber is a chamber surrounded by the energy accumulator outer wall, the energy accumulator inner wall, the energy accumulator upper wall and the energy accumulator lower wall; a plurality of energy accumulator oil grooves are evenly arranged on the circumference of one side of the energy accumulator outer wall or the energy accumulator inner wall close to the deformable gas storage chamber, and a plurality of energy accumulator oil passages are evenly arranged on the circumference of the energy accumulator upper wall, and the energy accumulator oil passages are connected with the corresponding energy accumulator oil grooves;

[0028] One end of the piston rod located inside the piston cavity is connected to a damping piston, and the other end extending out of the piston cavity is provided with a fixed end, and a piston ring is installed on the damping piston;

[0029] An upper oil chamber is provided between the upper chamber of the piston and the oil channel formed by the energy accumulator; the upper chamber of the piston is connected to the upper oil chamber through an oil hole;

[0030] The shock absorber also includes an auxiliary and sealing structure, which includes a lower end cover, a sealing rubber sleeve, a lower end cover of the sealing rubber sleeve, an upper end cover, and an oil inlet and outlet; a sealing oil seal and a dustproof oil seal are arranged in the lower end cover; the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the shock absorber, and the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the shock absorber, the lower end cover of the sealing rubber sleeve is connected to the end of the piston rod, the piston rod passes through the sealing rubber sleeve, one end of the sealing rubber sleeve is installed on the lower end cover, and the other end is installed on the lower end cover of the sealing rubber sleeve; the oil inlet and outlet are used to charge and discharge oil into and out of the shock absorber; the deformable air storage chamber is provided with charging and discharging holes, and the charging and discharging holes extend out of the outer wall of the shock absorber.

[0031] Further description of the present invention:

[0032] 1. The spring sheet or one-way valve, as a directional opening and closing element, can control the opening and closing of the channel when the oil flows in different directions. The spring sheet or one-way valve used in the present invention can be used in place of each other, or can be replaced by existing technologies with equivalent functions, such as spring plus steel ball, etc., which will not be given in detail in the present invention.

[0033] 2. The electromagnetic switch damper of the present invention is not limited to use in the gas-liquid composite shock absorber mentioned in the present invention, but can also be used in other shock absorbers of the prior art or in other technical fields.

[0034] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0035] First, from the functional perspective

[0036] 1. The electromagnetic switch damper of the present invention can realize two-way damping and can be electrically controlled and adjusted at the same time:

[0037] (1) Two one-way electromagnetic switch dampers, one positive and one negative (for example, damper No. 1 and damper No. 2), can be used in series to achieve two-way damping that is simultaneously electrically adjustable.

[0038] When the oil flows from damper No. 1 to damper No. 2, the one-way valve of damper No. 1 is opened due to the flow of oil, resulting in failure of the electronically controlled damping adjustment of damper No. 1; at the same time, the one-way valve of damper No. 2 is closed due to the flow of oil, making the electronically controlled damping adjustment of damper No. 2 effective, so damper No. 2 can achieve electronically controlled adjustable damping in this oil flow direction.

[0039] When the oil flows from damper No. 2 to damper No. 1, the one-way valve of damper No. 2 is opened due to the flow of oil, causing damper No. 2 to fail; the one-way valve of damper No. 1 is closed due to the flow of oil, making the electronically controlled damping adjustment of damper No. 1 effective, so damper No. 1 realizes electronically controlled adjustable damping in this oil flow direction.

[0040] This combination can realize the bidirectional damping of the damper and simultaneously make it electrically adjustable.

[0041] (2) A two-way electromagnetic switch damper can be set to achieve two-way damping and simultaneous electronic control adjustment:

[0042] The spring sheets are divided into two groups. The cover plate spring sheets are arranged at the upper end surface of the damper cover plate, and cover the holes of the cover plate according to the hole area of ​​the switch plate; the base spring sheets are arranged at the lower end surface of the base, and cover the holes of the base according to the hole area of ​​the remaining switch plate or part of the switch plate.

[0043] When the oil flows from the damper base to the damper cover, the base spring sheet blocks the flow of oil in the base channels within its coverage range, resulting in failure of the damping adjustment of the switch plate within this range; at the same time, the cover spring sheet is opened due to the flow of oil, allowing the oil to pass from the damper base through the base channels and switch plate channels within its coverage range and out from the cover channels. Therefore, the electrically controlled damping adjustment of the switch plate within the coverage range of the cover spring sheet is effective, thereby achieving electrically controlled adjustable damping in this oil flow direction.

[0044] When the oil flows from the damper cover to the damper base, the cover spring sheet blocks the flow of oil through the cover holes within its coverage, causing failure of the damping adjustment of the switch plate within this range. At the same time, the base spring sheet opens due to the flow of oil, allowing the oil to flow from the damper cover through the cover holes and switch plate holes within its coverage, and out from the base holes. Therefore, the electrically controlled damping adjustment of the switch plate within the coverage of the base spring sheet is effective, realizing electrically controlled adjustable damping in this oil flow direction.

[0045] This arrangement of the spring sheet can achieve bidirectional damping of the damper and simultaneously be electronically adjustable.

[0046] 2. The damper is provided with an auxiliary channel, the functions of which are:

[0047] When the damper is adjusted to the maximum damping force or when it is misoperated, the auxiliary channel can ensure its minimum oil flow area to ensure the normal use of the shock absorber. The auxiliary channel can be optimized according to different design parameters, leaving optional means for subsequent parameter design.

[0048] 3. The damper is equipped with a gear limit bead, whose function is:

[0049] (1) As long as the limit bead moves to the edge of the limit pit, it can move smoothly to the center of the limit pit. This can avoid the electric control mechanism being too precise and affecting the switch plate from reaching the gear position accurately. If this is the case, the hole of the switch plate and the fixed hole cannot completely overlap, which will reduce the oil flow area of ​​the hole and affect the damping.

[0050] (2) Its function is also to limit the displacement of the switch plate when the limit bead and the limit pit are combined together, so that the damper can stop powering on after completing the damping adjustment, saving vehicle battery power.

[0051] Second, from the perspective of mechanics

[0052] 1. A switch plate that can move linearly is sandwiched between the base and the cover plate, which can better resist the impact force of oil in the up and down directions, so that the force of the switch plate is evenly distributed to the cover plate or the base, avoiding the impact force from generating stress locally on the switch plate, protecting the normal operation of the switch plate, and enhancing the reliability of the damper.

[0053] 2. A limit reinforcing plate is provided inside the damper, which can further increase the overall structural strength, make the overall force more uniform, and further enhance the impact resistance of the damper.

[0054] Third, from the perspective of thermodynamics

[0055] The fixed iron core of the damper contains a coil, and the voice coil motor also contains a coil. The coil is soaked in oil and has excellent heat dissipation. Because the thermal conductivity of the oil is high, when the coil generates heat, the oil can quickly transfer the heat to the shell and dissipate the heat in the air. The coil of the fixed iron core or the coil of the voice coil motor can quickly conduct and dissipate heat, effectively avoiding the problem of aging of the coil of the fixed iron core or the coil of the voice coil motor at high temperature and extending the service life. The existing coil of the prior art is exposed to the air, and the thermal conductivity of the air is low, and the heat transfer is slower. When the damper is adjusted quickly, at high frequency, and for a long time, it is easy to generate heat accumulation inside, and the long-term temperature is too high to affect the service life.

[0056] Fourth, from the perspective of controllability (expansion)

[0057] The electromagnetic switch damper of the present invention can accurately and quickly control the change of the damping size, and can realize two-way damping and simultaneous electronic control and adjustment, which provides a basic condition for intelligent control or rapid adjustment of the vehicle body.

[0058] Fifth, from the application perspective

[0059] The electromagnetic switch damper of the present invention is used in a shock absorber, and can make the compression damping and rebound damping of the shock absorber electronically adjustable at the same time, thereby ensuring the comfort and passability of the vehicle to the greatest extent when the vehicle is traveling on roads in different scenarios.

[0060] In summary, the present invention has significant technical advancements in both technology and structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 axonometric drawing;

[0063] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of

[0064] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Overlooking Figure 1 ;

[0065] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Overlooking Figure 2 ;

[0066] Figure 6 is an axonometric view of the front face of the switch panel of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 is an axonometric view of the reverse side of the switch plate of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 axonometric drawing;

[0070] Fig.10 yes Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of

[0071] Fig.11 yes Figure 8 Overlooking Figure 1 ;

[0072] Fig.12 yes Figure 8 Overlooking Figure 2 ;

[0073] Fig.13 is an axonometric view of the front side of a switch panel of a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Fig.14 is an axonometric view of the reverse side of a switch plate of a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Fig.15 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Fig.16 It is a part of the third embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0077] Fig.17 It is a part of the third embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0078] Fig.18 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Fig.19 yes Fig.18 Bottom view of

[0080] Fig. 20 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a shock absorber to which the present invention is applied;

[0081] Fig.21 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a shock absorber to which the present invention is applied;

[0082] Fig. 22 It is an exploded view of an embodiment of the shock absorber to which the present invention is applied;

[0083] Fig.23 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shock absorber to which the present invention is applied;

[0084] Fig.24is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a shock absorber to which the present invention is applied;

[0085] Fig.25 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the shock absorber to which the present invention is applied;

[0086] In the figure, 11, energy accumulator; 1110, energy accumulator chamber; 1120, deformable gas storage chamber; 1130, outer wall of energy accumulator; 1131, charging and discharging holes; 1140, inner wall of energy accumulator; 1141, oil trough of energy accumulator; 1150, upper wall of energy accumulator; 1151, oil passage of energy accumulator; 1160, lower wall of energy accumulator;

[0087] 13. Piston body; 1310. Damping piston; 1311. Piston ring; 1312. Piston oil channel; 1320. Piston upper chamber; 1330. Piston lower chamber; 1340. Piston chamber wall; 1350. Piston rod; 1351. Fixed end;

[0088] 14. Electromagnetic switch damper; 1410. Base; 1411. Shift limit spring; 1412. Shift limit bead; 1413. Base fixing channel; 1414. Limit reinforcing plate; 1415. Base oil passage; 1416. Lower end surface; 1420. Switch plate; 1421. Moving iron core; 1422. Adjustment channel; 1423. Adjustment auxiliary channel; 1424. Shift limit pit ; 1425, ball groove; 1426, ball; 1430, fixed iron core; 1440, cover plate; 1441, cover plate fixing channel; 1442, cover plate oil passage; 1443, upper end surface; 1450, one-way valve; 1451, one-way valve retaining ring; 1452, multi-wing shaft; 1453, valve cap; 1461, base spring sheet; 1462, cover plate spring sheet; 1470, return spring;

[0089] 15, upper oil chamber; 1510, upper oil chamber; 1520, outer wall of the upper oil chamber; 1530, inner wall of the upper oil chamber; 1540, upper wall of the upper oil chamber; 1550, lower wall of the upper oil chamber;

[0090] 17. Accessories and sealing structure; 1710. Lower end cover; 1711. Sealing oil seal; 1712. Dustproof oil seal; 1720. Sealing rubber sleeve; 1730. Sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover; 1740. Upper end cover; 1750. Damper separator cylinder; 1760. Oil hole; 1770. Oil inlet and outlet; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0092] Specific implementation method 1: Combination Figures 1 to 7 To illustrate this embodiment, in the embodiment, an electromagnetic switch damper 14 includes a base 1410, a switch plate 1420, a cover plate 1440 and an electromagnetic drive device; the switch plate 1420 is arranged on the base 1410, and the base 1410, the switch plate 1420 and the cover plate 1440 are all provided with corresponding channels, and the channels are used for passing oil; the electromagnetic drive device drives the switch plate 1420 to slide linearly on the base 1410.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic switch damper 14 is a one-way electromagnetic switch damper, which includes a one-way valve 1450, and the one-way valve 1450 is arranged in the damper oil passage;

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic driving device is an electromagnet, and the electromagnet includes a moving iron core 1421 and a fixed iron core 1430;

[0095] A moving iron core 1421 is disposed at the end of the switch plate 1420, and a fixed iron core 1430 is disposed on the side wall of the base 1410. The fixed iron core 1430 is disposed corresponding to the moving iron core 1421. When the fixed iron core 1430 is energized, the fixed iron core 1430 drives the moving iron core 1421 to drive the switch plate 1420 to slide linearly on the base 1410. A return spring 1470 is disposed between the end of the switch plate 1420 and the side wall of the base 1410.

[0096] Or the electromagnetic drive device is a voice coil motor, which includes a magnet and a coil;

[0097] A coil is disposed at the end of the switch plate 1420 , and a magnet is disposed on the side wall of the base 1410 . The magnet and the coil are disposed correspondingly. When the coil is energized, the magnet drives the coil to drive the switch plate 1420 to slide linearly on the base 1410 .

[0098] Description of electromagnetic drive device:

[0099] The electromagnetic drive device is a prior art. In this embodiment, an electromagnet is used, in which a coil is wound around the outer layer of the fixed iron core. When the coil is energized, the fixed iron core generates magnetic force, causing the moving iron core to move. This is common knowledge and will not be elaborated in the present invention.

[0100] Description of the return spring:

[0101] Since the electromagnetic drive device is a prior art, the reset spring can be divided into a pull spring and a push spring, and can be set at one end or the other end of the switch plate. There are many implementation methods, which are relatively clear to technicians in related fields and will not be elaborated in detail in this embodiment.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the base 1410 is provided with a base fixing hole 1413, the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate fixing hole 1441, the base fixing hole 1413 is arranged corresponding to the cover plate fixing hole 1441, the switch plate 1420 is provided with an adjustment hole 1422 and an adjustment auxiliary hole 1423, the adjustment hole 1422 and the adjustment auxiliary hole 1423 are arranged at intervals from each other; the base 1410 is provided with a base oil passage 1415, the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate oil passage 1442, the base oil passage 1415 is arranged corresponding to the cover plate oil passage 1442, and the base oil passage 1415 and the cover plate oil passage 1442 constitute a damper oil passage;

[0103] Or the bottom of the base 1410 is provided with a base fixing hole 1413 and a base auxiliary hole, the base fixing hole 1413 and the base auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals, the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate fixing hole 1441 and a cover plate auxiliary hole, the cover plate fixing hole 1441 and the cover plate auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals, the base fixing hole 1413 is arranged corresponding to the cover plate fixing hole 1441, the base auxiliary hole is arranged corresponding to the cover plate auxiliary hole, and the switch plate 1420 is provided with an adjustment hole 1422; the base 1410 is provided with a base oil passage 1415, the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate oil passage 1442, the base oil passage 1415 is arranged corresponding to the cover plate oil passage 1442, and the base oil passage 1415 and the cover plate oil passage 1442 constitute a damper oil passage;

[0104] Or the bottom of the base 1410 is provided with a base fixing hole 1413 and a base auxiliary hole, the base fixing hole 1413 and the base auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals, the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate fixing hole 1441 and a cover plate auxiliary hole, the cover plate fixing hole 1441 and the cover plate auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals, the base fixing hole 1413 is arranged corresponding to the cover plate fixing hole 1441, and the base auxiliary hole is arranged corresponding to the cover plate auxiliary hole The switch plate 1420 is provided with an adjustment channel 1422 and an adjustment auxiliary channel 1423, and the adjustment channel 1422 and the adjustment auxiliary channel 1423 are arranged at intervals from each other; the base 1410 is provided with a base oil passage 1415, and the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate oil passage 1442, and the base oil passage 1415 and the cover plate oil passage 1442 are arranged correspondingly, and the base oil passage 1415 and the cover plate oil passage 1442 constitute a damper oil passage.

[0105] Description of the electromagnetic switch damper channel:

[0106] The setting of the electromagnetic switch damper channel is divided into the above three methods. The first method is embodied in this embodiment. According to the first embodiment, it is easy to associate the second and third methods, which is obvious. Therefore, the second and third methods are not embodied in this embodiment.

[0107] In the first arrangement mode of the electromagnetic switch damper channel, the cover plate fixing channel is arranged corresponding to the base fixing channel, and the adjustment channel and the adjustment auxiliary channel of the switch plate are arranged at intervals from each other. This design enables a single switch plate to produce two gears, namely:

[0108] 1. When the fixed iron core is energized to generate a magnetic field and is attracted to the moving iron core of the switch board, the adjustment channel, the cover plate fixing channel, and the base fixing channel coincide with each other. At this time, the oil flow area in this area is the largest and the damping force is the smallest.

[0109] 2. When the fixed iron core is energized to generate a magnetic field that repels the moving iron core of the switch board, adjust the auxiliary channel, the cover plate fixing channel, and the base fixing channel to coincide with each other. At this time, the oil flow area in this area is the smallest and the damping force is the largest.

[0110] The electromagnetic switch damper composed of multiple switch plates can achieve multiple gear adjustments such as soft, medium and hard. At the same time, the setting of the auxiliary channel is adjusted to ensure the minimum oil flow area when the damper is adjusted to the maximum damping force or when it is misoperated, ensuring the normal use of the shock absorber. The auxiliary channel can be optimized according to different design parameters, leaving optional means for subsequent parameter design.

[0111] Instructions for the switch board:

[0112] The shape of the switch plate of the present invention includes but is not limited to strip shape, fan shape and the like. Figures 1 to 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the switch plate is a strip-shaped switch plate.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, a limit reinforcing plate 1414 is disposed inside the base 1410 , and a switch plate 1420 is disposed between adjacent limit reinforcing plates 1414 .

[0114] Description of the limit reinforcement plate:

[0115] The limit reinforcement plate serves to enhance the overall structural strength of the damper. For applications where structural strength requirements are not high, the limit reinforcement plate can be cancelled as appropriate to increase the installation space of the switch plate.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, ball grooves 1425 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces or the left and right sides of the switch plate 1420 , and the switch plate 1420 is slidably connected to the base 1410 and the cover plate 1440 via balls 1426 in the ball grooves 1425 .

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, a gear limit bead 1412 is provided on the surface where the base 1410 or the cover plate 1440 contacts the switch plate 1420, a gear limit spring 1411 is provided at the lower part of the gear limit bead 1412, and a gear limit pit 1424 is provided on the contact surface between the switch plate 1420 and the gear limit bead 1412 according to the gear position.

[0118] Description of the electromagnetic switch damper gear limit:

[0119] There are three ways to set the gear limit measures: 1. Set it at the contact surface between the switch plate and the base; 2. Set it at the contact surface between the switch plate and the cover plate; 3. Set it at the contact surface between the switch plate and the limit reinforcement plate.

[0120] exist Figures 1 to 7 In the illustrated implementation mode, the gear limit setting method is the first of the three options mentioned above, and through the position described in the first option, it is easy to think of the positions described in the second and third options, which is obvious, so the contents of the second and third options are no longer reflected in this embodiment.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment, the one-way valve 1450 includes a one-way valve retaining ring 1451, a multi-wing shaft 1452, and a valve cap 1453; a valve cap 1453 is provided at one end of the multi-wing shaft 1452, and a one-way valve retaining ring 1451 is installed at the other end; the multi-wing shaft 1452 passes through the damper oil passage, and the end faces of the wings of the multi-wing shaft 1452 are slidingly connected to the inner wall of the damper oil passage, and there is a gap between the wings, and the oil passes through this gap.

[0122] Description of the one-way valve:

[0123] The one-way valve can control the rebound speed of the shock absorber. Since different types of vehicles have different requirements for suspension stiffness, the installation direction and number of the one-way valve can be adjusted. The one-way valve initially controls the flow of oil and works together with the damper to meet the suspension stiffness requirements of different types of vehicles.

[0124] In this embodiment, Figure 4 It is the state with the minimum damping force, that is, all the strip switch plates are opened, and the damper passes oil according to the adjustment channel area of ​​the strip switch plates. Figure 5 This is the state with the maximum damping force, that is, all the strip switch plates are closed, and the damper passes oil according to the adjustment auxiliary channel area of ​​the strip switch plate.

[0125] Specific implementation method 2: Combination Figures 8 to 14 This embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, a fan-shaped switch plate is used as the switch plate.

[0126] in:

[0127] Figure 8Embodiments of applying a sector switch plate to an electromagnetic switch damper;

[0128] Fig. 9 An axonometric view of an embodiment of applying a sector switch plate to an electromagnetic switch damper;

[0129] Fig.10 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of applying a sector switch plate to an electromagnetic switch type damper;

[0130] Fig.11 The damping force is small, that is, all the fan-shaped switch plates are open, and the damper passes oil according to the adjustment channel area of ​​the fan-shaped switch plate;

[0131] Fig.12 This is the state with the maximum damping force, that is, all sector switch plates are closed, and the damper passes oil according to the adjustment auxiliary channel area of ​​the sector switch plate.

[0132] Other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first specific implementation mode.

[0133] Specific implementation method three: Combination Figures 15 to 17 This embodiment is described. In this embodiment, the switch plate 1420 is provided with concave-convex grooves on the upper and lower surfaces. The switch plate 1420 is slidably connected with the base 1410 and the cover plate 1440 through the concave-convex grooves.

[0134] Description of the concave and convex grooves:

[0135] exist Figures 15 to 17 In the illustrated embodiment, the cover plate is configured as a groove, the surface of the switch plate in contact with the cover plate is configured as a convex groove, the base is configured as a convex groove, the surface of the switch plate in contact with the base is configured as a groove, and the switch plate is slidably connected with the base and the cover plate through the concave-convex groove. The concave-convex groove structure of the contact surface between the switch plate and the base, the groove and the convex groove can be interchangeably arranged, and the setting principle is the same as the concave-convex groove structure between the switch plate and the cover plate.

[0136] Other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first specific implementation mode.

[0137] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figure 18 to Figure 19 To illustrate this embodiment, in this embodiment, the electromagnetic switch damper 14 is a bidirectional electromagnetic switch damper, and the lower end surface 1416 of the base 1410 is provided with a base spring piece 1461, and the base spring piece 1461 covers a portion of the base channel in the area where the switch plate 1420 is located; the upper end surface 1443 of the cover plate 1440 is provided with a cover plate spring piece 1462, and the cover plate spring piece 1462 covers the entire remaining or remaining part of the cover plate channel in the area where the switch plate 1420 is located.

[0138] Description of the spring sheet:

[0139] The spring sheet is used as a directional opening and closing element to control the opening and closing of the channel when the oil flows in different directions. The spring sheet of the present invention can also be replaced by existing technologies with equivalent functions, such as spring plus steel ball or one-way valve, etc., which will not be given in detail in the present invention.

[0140] Other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first specific implementation mode.

[0141] Specific implementation method five: Combination Figure 20 to Figure 22 The present embodiment is described. In this embodiment, a gas-liquid composite shock absorber using a two-way electromagnetic switch damper includes an energy accumulator 11, a piston body 13, an upper end cover 1740 and a two-way electromagnetic switch damper; a piston rod 1350 is arranged inside the piston cavity wall 1340 of the piston body 13, and the interior of the piston cavity wall 1340 is a piston cavity, and the piston cavity is divided into an upper piston chamber 1320 and a lower piston chamber 1330 by a damping piston 1310 at one end of the piston rod 1350; the damping piston 1310 is provided at one end of the piston rod 1350. The plug 1310 is a piston with a damping function; a piston oil channel 1312 is provided in the damping piston 1310, and the piston upper chamber 1320 is connected with the piston lower chamber 1330 through the piston oil channel 1312; a two-way electromagnetic switch damper is provided inside the oil space formed by the oil space formed between the piston upper chamber 1320 and the accumulator 11, the oil space of the piston upper chamber 1320, and the oil space of the accumulator 11, so that the oil flows through the two-way electromagnetic switch damper;

[0142] The accumulator 11 is arranged on the outside of the piston cavity wall 1340, and the accumulator 11 includes an accumulator chamber 1110 and a deformable gas storage chamber 1120. The deformable gas storage chamber 1120 is arranged inside the accumulator chamber 1110, and the accumulator chamber 1110 is a chamber surrounded by an accumulator outer wall 1130, an accumulator inner wall 1140, an accumulator upper wall 1150 and an accumulator lower wall 1160; a plurality of accumulator oil grooves 1141 are evenly arranged on the circumference of one side of the accumulator outer wall 1130 or the accumulator inner wall 1140 close to the deformable gas storage chamber 1120, and a plurality of accumulator oil passages 1151 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the accumulator upper wall 1150, and the accumulator oil passages 1151 are communicated with the corresponding accumulator oil grooves 1141;

[0143] One end of the piston rod 1350 located inside the piston cavity is connected to the damping piston 1310, and the other end extending out of the piston cavity is provided with a fixed end 1351, and a piston ring 1311 is installed on the damping piston 1310;

[0144] An upper oil chamber 15 is provided between the piston upper chamber 1320 and the oil channel formed by the accumulator 11; the piston upper chamber 1320 is connected to the upper oil chamber 15 through the oil hole 1760;

[0145] The interior of the upper oil chamber 15 is an upper oil chamber 1510, which is a chamber surrounded by an upper oil chamber outer wall 1520, an upper oil chamber inner wall 1530, an upper oil chamber upper wall 1540 and an upper oil chamber lower wall 1550;

[0146] The shock absorber also includes an auxiliary and sealing structure 17, which includes a lower end cover 1710, a sealing rubber sleeve 1720, a sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover 1730, an upper end cover 1740, and an oil inlet and outlet 1750; a sealing oil seal 1711 and a dustproof oil seal 1712 are arranged in the lower end cover 1710; the lower end cover 1710 is arranged at the lower end of the shock absorber, the upper end cover 1740 is arranged at the upper end of the shock absorber, the sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover 1730 is connected to the end of the piston rod 1350, the piston rod 1350 passes through the sealing rubber sleeve 1720, one end of the sealing rubber sleeve 1720 is installed on the lower end cover 1710, and the other end is installed on the sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover 1730; the oil inlet and outlet 1750 is used to charge and discharge oil into the shock absorber; the deformable air storage chamber 1120 is provided with a charging and discharging air hole 1131, and the charging and discharging air hole 1131 extends out of the outer wall of the shock absorber.

[0147] Description of the piston oil passage:

[0148] When the damping piston moves up and down, the volume of the chamber under the piston changes, and oil needs to flow in or out to balance the volume difference through the piston oil channel, otherwise the movement of the damping piston will fail; at the same time, when the oil passes through the piston oil channel, a certain damping force will be generated, which plays a role of fixed damping. For example, a directional opening and closing element is set in the piston oil channel to adjust the speed of the damping piston when it moves up and down. The damper is set in the damping piston to achieve the same function.

[0149] The functions of the energy storage device are:

[0150] (1) Suppress the vibration when the spring rebounds after absorbing shock, and play a role in buffering and shock absorption.

[0151] (2) When the piston moves up and down, due to the presence of a piston rod in the lower chamber of the piston, there is a difference between the volume of oil in the upper chamber of the piston and the volume of oil in the lower chamber of the piston per unit length of piston movement. This volume difference is balanced by the deformable air storage chamber in the accumulator through compression or expansion.

[0152] The energy storage device is provided with a deformable gas storage chamber, which has the following functions:

[0153] (1) Prevent compressible gas from mixing with oil and causing emulsification.

[0154] (2) Prevent compressible gas from entering the damper, causing damping failure.

[0155] (3) Prevent compressible gas from entering the piston chamber, causing seal failure.

[0156] Description of the oil tank:

[0157] When the energy storage chamber is filled with oil, when the deformable air storage chamber is completely in contact with the inner cylinder wall, the oil is quickly passed through the oil groove to the contact surface, which plays a role in guiding the oil and prevents the deformable air storage chamber from being deformed when being compressed, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly filling the energy storage chamber with oil; when the energy storage chamber is drained of oil, the deformable air storage chamber is prevented from being partially stored with oil due to uneven pressure, so that the deformable air storage chamber can be completely in contact with the inner cylinder wall, thereby increasing the use efficiency of the deformable air storage chamber.

[0158] Instructions for using a two-way electromagnetic switch damper for shock absorbers:

[0159] The bidirectional electromagnetic switch damper provided in the shock absorber in this embodiment can realize bidirectional damping and simultaneous electronic control and adjustment, thereby realizing simultaneous electronic control and adjustment of compression damping and rebound damping of the shock absorber.

[0160] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first and fourth embodiments.

[0161] Specific implementation method six: Combination Figure 23 to Figure 25 This embodiment is described. In this embodiment, a gas-liquid composite shock absorber using a one-way electromagnetic switch damper is provided. A plurality of one-way electromagnetic switch dampers connected in series are arranged inside the oil space formed between the piston upper chamber 1320 and the energy accumulator 11, the oil space of the piston upper chamber 1320, and the oil space of the energy accumulator 11, so that the oil flows through the two-way electromagnetic switch damper; the plurality of one-way electromagnetic switch dampers are connected to each other through the damper separation cylinder 1750;

[0162] The piston upper chamber 1320 is interconnected with the energy storage device 11 through a one-way electromagnetic switch damper. A plurality of one-way electromagnetic switch dampers connected in series are arranged at the lower part of the upper end cover 1740 . The plurality of one-way electromagnetic switch dampers are interconnected through a damper separator tube 1750 .

[0163] Instructions for using multiple one-way electromagnetic switch dampers in series for shock absorbers:

[0164] In this embodiment, there are two one-way electromagnetic switch dampers in the shock absorber, which are installed in series, one positive and one negative. This ensures that when the shock absorber is in compression or rebound action, one damper is effective and the other is ineffective, thereby achieving simultaneous electronically adjustable two-way damping of the damper, and further achieving simultaneous electronically adjustable compression damping and rebound damping of the shock absorber.

[0165] For the use of three or more one-way electromagnetic switch dampers in series, the setting principle of two one-way electromagnetic switch dampers in series can be referred to, which will not be elaborated in this embodiment.

[0166] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first and fifth embodiments.

[0167] Working principle of the present invention:

[0168] The electromagnetic switch damper of the present invention has the following working principle: when the electromagnetic drive device is powered on, the position of the switch plate 1420 can be controlled, thereby adjusting the oil flow area of ​​the oil, and further adjusting the damping force of the shock absorber.

[0169] The gas-liquid composite shock absorber of the present invention can achieve the shock absorbing effect of the shock absorber in two ways: first, by adjusting the damping force of the damping piston 1310 or the electronically controlled damper; second, by adjusting the expansion degree of the deformable gas storage chamber 1120 through the gas charging and discharging holes 1131. When the two ways are adjusted separately or simultaneously, the active control of the shock absorbing effect of the shock absorber can be achieved.

[0170] At the same time, through the above two methods, active control of the vehicle body posture can also be achieved. For example, when turning, adjusting the damping force of the shock absorber to the maximum can prevent severe vehicle roll; when the vehicle is driving on bumpy roads, adjusting the damping force of the shock absorber to the minimum can ensure the comfort of the vehicle.

[0171] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic switch damper, characterized in that: The electromagnetic switch damper (14) comprises a base (1410), a switch plate (1420), a cover plate (1440) and an electromagnetic drive device; The switch plate (1420) is arranged on the base (1410), and corresponding holes are arranged on the base (1410), the switch plate (1420) and the cover plate (1440), and the holes are used for passing oil; The electromagnetic driving device drives the switch plate (1420) to slide linearly on the base (1410).

2. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic switch damper (14) is a one-way electromagnetic switch damper, which comprises a one-way valve (1450), and the one-way valve (1450) is arranged in the damper oil passage; Alternatively, the electromagnetic switch damper (14) is a bidirectional electromagnetic switch damper, and a base spring sheet (1461) is provided on the lower end surface (1416) of the base (1410), and the base spring sheet (1461) covers a portion of the base channel in the area where the switch plate (1420) is located; The upper end surface (1443) of the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate spring sheet (1462), and the cover plate spring sheet (1462) covers the entirety or part of the cover plate channel in the area where the switch plate (1420) is located.

3. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic drive device is an electromagnet, and the electromagnet comprises a moving iron core (1421) and a fixed iron core (1430); A moving iron core (1421) is arranged at the end of the switch plate (1420), and a fixed iron core (1430) is arranged on the side wall of the base (1410). The fixed iron core (1430) and the moving iron core (1421) are arranged correspondingly. When the fixed iron core (1430) is energized, the fixed iron core (1430) drives the moving iron core (1421) to drive the switch plate (1420) to slide linearly on the base (1410), and a return spring (1470) is arranged between the end of the switch plate (1420) and the side wall of the base (1410); Or the electromagnetic drive device is a voice coil motor, which includes a magnet and a coil; A coil is disposed at the end of the switch plate (1420), and a magnet is disposed on the side wall of the base (1410). The magnet and the coil are disposed correspondingly. When the coil is energized, the magnet drives the coil to drive the switch plate (1420) to slide linearly on the base (1410).

4. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the base (1410) is provided with a base fixing hole (1413), the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate fixing hole (1441), the base fixing hole (1413) and the cover plate fixing hole (1441) are arranged correspondingly, the switch plate (1420) is provided with an adjustment hole (1422) and an adjustment auxiliary hole (1423), and the adjustment hole (1422) and the adjustment auxiliary hole (1423) are arranged at intervals from each other; The base (1410) is provided with a base oil passage (1415), and the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate oil passage (1442). The base oil passage (1415) and the cover plate oil passage (1442) are provided correspondingly, and the base oil passage (1415) and the cover plate oil passage (1442) form a damper oil passage; Or the bottom of the base (1410) is provided with a base fixing hole (1413) and a base auxiliary hole, the base fixing hole (1413) and the base auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals, the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate fixing hole (1441) and a cover plate auxiliary hole, the cover plate fixing hole (1441) and the cover plate auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals, the base fixing hole (1413) and the cover plate fixing hole (1441) are arranged correspondingly, the base auxiliary hole and the cover plate auxiliary hole are arranged correspondingly, and the switch plate (1420) is provided with an adjustment hole (1422); The base (1410) is provided with a base oil passage (1415), and the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate oil passage (1442). The base oil passage (1415) and the cover plate oil passage (1442) are provided correspondingly, and the base oil passage (1415) and the cover plate oil passage (1442) form a damper oil passage; Or the bottom of the base (1410) is provided with a base fixing hole (1413) and a base auxiliary hole, the base fixing hole (1413) and the base auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals from each other, the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate fixing hole (1441) and a cover plate auxiliary hole, the cover plate fixing hole (1441) and the cover plate auxiliary hole are arranged at intervals from each other, the base fixing hole (1413) and the cover plate fixing hole (1441) are arranged correspondingly, the base auxiliary hole is arranged correspondingly to the cover plate auxiliary hole, and the switch plate (1420) is provided with an adjustment hole (1422) and an adjustment auxiliary hole (1423), the adjustment hole (1422) and the adjustment auxiliary hole (1423) are arranged at intervals from each other; The base (1410) is provided with a base oil passage (1415), and the cover plate (1440) is provided with a cover plate oil passage (1442). The base oil passage (1415) and the cover plate oil passage (1442) are provided correspondingly, and the base oil passage (1415) and the cover plate oil passage (1442) form a damper oil passage.

5. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limit reinforcing plate (1414) is arranged inside the base (1410), and a switch plate (1420) is arranged between adjacent limit reinforcing plates (1414).

6. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch plate (1420) is provided with ball grooves (1425) or concave-convex grooves on the upper and lower surfaces or the left and right sides, and the switch plate (1420) is slidably connected to the base (1410) and the cover plate (1440) via the balls (1426) in the ball grooves (1425) or the concave-convex grooves; The surface of the base (1410) or the cover plate (1440) in contact with the switch plate (1420) is provided with a gear position limiting bead (1412), the lower part of the gear position limiting bead (1412) is provided with a gear position limiting spring (1411), and the contact surface between the switch plate (1420) and the gear position limiting bead (1412) is provided with a gear position limiting pit (1424) according to the gear position.

7. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The one-way valve (1450) comprises a one-way valve retaining ring (1451), a multi-wing shaft (1452), and a valve cap (1453); a valve cap (1453) is arranged at one end of the multi-wing shaft (1452), and a one-way valve retaining ring (1451) is installed at the other end; the multi-wing shaft (1452) passes through the damper oil passage, and the end surface of the wing of the multi-wing shaft (1452) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the damper oil passage, and there is a gap between the wings, and oil passes through the gap.

8. The electromagnetic switch damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: A flow control device is provided at the damper oil passage to control the flow of oil passing through the damper oil passage.

9. A gas-liquid composite shock absorber, characterized in that: It comprises the electromagnetic switch damper (14) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The gas-liquid composite shock absorber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shock absorber further comprises an energy accumulator (11) and a piston body (13); a piston rod (1350) is arranged inside the piston cavity wall (1340) of the piston body (13); the interior of the piston cavity wall (1340) is a piston cavity; the piston cavity is divided into an upper piston chamber (1320) and a lower piston chamber (1330) by a damping piston (1310) at one end of the piston rod (1350); the damping piston (1310) is a piston with a damping function; a damper or a piston oil channel (1320) is arranged inside the damping piston (1310) 1312), the piston upper chamber (1320) is connected to the piston lower chamber (1330) through a damper or a piston oil channel (1312); the electromagnetic switch damper (14) is a two-way electromagnetic switch damper, and the two-way electromagnetic switch damper is arranged inside the oil space formed by the oil space formed between the piston upper chamber (1320) and the energy accumulator (11), the oil space of the piston upper chamber (1320), and the oil space of the energy accumulator (11), so that the oil flows through the two-way electromagnetic switch damper; The energy accumulator (11) is arranged on the outside of the piston cavity wall (1340), the energy accumulator (11) comprises an energy accumulator chamber (1110) and a deformable gas storage chamber (1120), the deformable gas storage chamber (1120) is arranged inside the energy accumulator chamber (1110), and the energy accumulator chamber (1110) is composed of an energy accumulator outer wall (1130), an energy accumulator inner wall (1140), an energy accumulator upper wall (1150) and an energy accumulator lower wall (1150). A chamber is formed by a wall (1160); a plurality of accumulator oil grooves (1141) are evenly arranged on the circumference of one side of the accumulator outer wall (1130) or the accumulator inner wall (1140) close to the deformable gas storage chamber (1120); a plurality of accumulator oil passages (1151) are evenly arranged on the circumference of the accumulator upper wall (1150); and the accumulator oil passages (1151) are communicated with the corresponding accumulator oil grooves (1141); One end of the piston rod (1350) located inside the piston cavity is connected to the damping piston (1310), and the other end extending out of the piston cavity is provided with a fixed end (1351), and a piston ring (1311) is installed on the damping piston (1310); An upper oil chamber (15) is provided between the piston upper chamber (1320) and the oil channel formed by the energy accumulator (11); the piston upper chamber (1320) is connected to the upper oil chamber (15) through an oil hole (1760); The shock absorber further comprises an auxiliary and sealing structure (17), wherein the auxiliary and sealing structure (17) comprises a lower end cover (1710), a sealing rubber sleeve (1720), a sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover (1730), an upper end cover (1740), and an oil inlet and outlet (1750); a sealing oil seal (1711) and a dustproof oil seal (1712) are arranged in the lower end cover (1710); the lower end cover (1710) is arranged at the lower end of the shock absorber, and the upper end cover (1740) is arranged at the upper end of the shock absorber, and the sealing oil seal (1711) and the dustproof oil seal (1712) are arranged in the lower end cover (1710). The rubber sleeve lower end cover (1730) is connected to the end of the piston rod (1350), the piston rod (1350) passes through the sealing rubber sleeve (1720), one end of the sealing rubber sleeve (1720) is mounted on the lower end cover (1710), and the other end is mounted on the sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover (1730); the oil inlet and outlet (1750) is used to charge and discharge oil to the shock absorber; the deformable air storage chamber (1120) is provided with a charging and discharging air hole (1131), and the charging and discharging air hole (1131) protrudes from the outer wall of the shock absorber; Or the shock absorber further comprises an energy accumulator (11), a piston body (13) and an upper end cover (1740); a piston rod (1350) is arranged inside the piston cavity wall (1340) of the piston body (13); the interior of the piston cavity wall (1340) is a piston cavity; the piston cavity is divided into an upper piston chamber (1320) and a lower piston chamber (1330) by a damping piston (1310) at one end of the piston rod (1350); the damping piston (1310) is a piston with a damping function; a damper or a piston oil channel (1312) is arranged inside the damping piston (1310); the upper piston chamber (1320) and the lower piston chamber (1330) are connected to the damping piston (1310); 320) is connected to the piston lower chamber (1330) through a damper or a piston oil channel (1312); the electromagnetic switch damper (14) is a one-way electromagnetic switch damper, and a plurality of one-way electromagnetic switch dampers connected in series are arranged inside the oil space formed between the piston upper chamber (1320) and the energy accumulator (11), the oil space of the piston upper chamber (1320), and the oil space of the energy accumulator (11), so that the oil flows through the two-way electromagnetic switch damper; the plurality of one-way electromagnetic switch dampers are connected to each other through the damper separation cylinder (1750); The energy accumulator (11) is coaxially arranged on the outside of the piston cavity wall (1340), the energy accumulator (11) comprises an energy accumulator chamber (1110) and a deformable gas storage chamber (1120), the deformable gas storage chamber (1120) is arranged inside the energy accumulator chamber (1110), and the energy accumulator chamber (1110) is composed of an energy accumulator outer wall (1130), an energy accumulator inner wall (1140), an energy accumulator upper wall (1150) and an energy accumulator. The lower wall (1160) forms a chamber surrounded by the lower wall; a plurality of accumulator oil grooves (1141) are evenly arranged on the circumference of the accumulator outer wall (1130) or the accumulator inner wall (1140) close to the deformable gas storage chamber (1120); a plurality of accumulator oil passages (1151) are evenly arranged on the circumference of the accumulator upper wall (1150); and the accumulator oil passages (1151) are communicated with the corresponding accumulator oil grooves (1141); One end of the piston rod (1350) located inside the piston cavity is connected to the damping piston (1310), and the other end extending out of the piston cavity is provided with a fixed end (1351), and a piston ring (1311) is installed on the damping piston (1310); An upper oil chamber (15) is provided between the piston upper chamber (1320) and the oil channel formed by the energy accumulator (11); the piston upper chamber (1320) is connected to the upper oil chamber (15) through an oil hole (1760); The shock absorber further comprises an auxiliary and sealing structure (17), wherein the auxiliary and sealing structure (17) comprises a lower end cover (1710), a sealing rubber sleeve (1720), a sealing rubber sleeve lower end cover (1730), an upper end cover (1740), and an oil inlet and outlet (1750); a sealing oil seal (1711) and a dustproof oil seal (1712) are arranged in the lower end cover (1710); the lower end cover (1710) is arranged at the lower end of the shock absorber, and the upper end cover (1740) is arranged at the upper end of the shock absorber, and the sealing oil seal (1711) and the dustproof oil seal (1712) are arranged in the lower end cover (1710). The lower end cover (1730) of the rubber sleeve is connected to the end of the piston rod (1350), and the piston rod (1350) passes through the sealing rubber sleeve (1720). One end of the sealing rubber sleeve (1720) is installed on the lower end cover (1710), and the other end is installed on the lower end cover (1730) of the sealing rubber sleeve; the oil inlet and outlet (1750) is used to charge and discharge oil to the shock absorber; the deformable air storage chamber (1120) is provided with a charging and discharging hole (1131), and the charging and discharging hole (1131) protrudes from the outer wall of the shock absorber.

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