A method and device for Q-migration processing by using joint well-ground data

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of Q migration processing method and device using well-ground combined data, technical scheme is, obtains DAS data in well and ground three-dimensional seismic data;According to the DAS data in well and ground three-dimensional seismic data, the Q value curve from shallow to deep at wellbore position is calculated;Q value precision correction is carried out to ground Q value curve using the Q value curve in well;Along the strong energy phase axis in ground three-dimensional seismic data, horizon information is picked up, and spatial three-dimensional Q body is calculated using ground three-dimensional seismic data;Precision correction factor is calculated using DAS data in well of different offset distance;Using the DAS in well and ground three-dimensional seismic data received by the same source, establish high-precision three-dimensional Q body of two kinds of data information combination, synchronous optimization velocity model;Input high-precision three-dimensional Q body and velocity model, and carry out Q migration processing to ground seismic data, improve seismic data imaging precision and resolution.The beneficial effects of the application are that a Q migration processing method using well-ground combined data is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration and development, and particularly relates to a method and device for Q migration processing by using well-ground joint data. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the deepening of exploration and development, high-quality resources are decreasing, and the exploration and development of complex geological targets are becoming more and more difficult. Due to the restriction of instrument equipment and construction cost, there are problems of low imaging accuracy and large well-seismic error in deep layers, and it is urgent to carry out well-ground joint exploration. Three-dimensional seismic is a method of obtaining effective information of underground seismic waves by artificial seismic source excitation and ground geophone reception. VSP (Vertical Seismic Profile) is a method of placing geophones in the well and exciting artificial seismic sources on the ground. Because the underground formation is a non-perfectly elastic medium, it will cause absorption and attenuation of seismic waves, resulting in attenuation or distortion of the amplitude energy, frequency and phase of the seismic waves, and various noise interference, which reduces the resolution of seismic result data and affects the fine description and identification of thin reservoirs. Therefore, how to accurately extract the formation absorption and attenuation factor, establish an accurate velocity model, and perform Q migration processing is an effective technical means to improve the imaging accuracy and resolution of seismic data.

[0003] High-precision three-dimensional Q (quality factor) can be used for Q migration processing, which can greatly improve the imaging accuracy of seismic result data and improve the resolution of seismic data. When calculating Q value, the Q value calculation method is classified according to the type of data used, including: calculating Q value by using near-surface microlog data, calculating Q value by using ground three-dimensional seismic data, and calculating Q value by using vertical seismic profile (VSP) data.

[0004] Conventional ground three-dimensional seismic mainly uses reflected waves for stratigraphic structure imaging, and uses the amplitude of reflected waves for Q (quality factor) value calculation. Due to noise interference, amplitude distortion, phase distortion and other problems, the calculated Q value has poor stability and low reliability, and there is singular value interference. It is difficult to effectively obtain high-accuracy three-dimensional Q by relying only on conventional ground three-dimensional seismic data, and how to calculate accurate Q to achieve fine exploration and development is a problem that needs to be solved. VSP (Vertical Seismic Profile) is a method of placing geophones in the well and exciting artificial seismic sources on the ground. Due to the limited number of geophones in the well, multiple seismic source excitations are needed on the ground, and the geophones are moved in the well to complete the acquisition of the whole well section. Using VSP data first arrival wave to calculate Q value has the problem of wavelet inconsistency due to different seismic source excitations, which affects the calculation accuracy of Q value. The geophone in the well cannot withstand the high temperature in the deep layer, causing the deep layer to be unable to collect VSP data, resulting in a lack of deep layer data and the inability to calculate deep layer Q value, which causes the deep layer Q value compensation effect to be unsatisfactory.

[0005] In view of the above problems, a Q migration processing method using well-ground combined data is developed. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a Q migration processing method and device using well-ground combined data, specifically: to exert the advantages of DAS data in the well and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, to realize accurate establishment of three-dimensional Q volume; after obtaining accurate three-dimensional Q volume, to input accurate velocity model synchronously, to realize effective compensation of stratum absorption and attenuation through Q migration processing of seismic data, and to synchronously improve imaging accuracy and resolution of seismic data.

[0007] The present application is realized through the following measures: a Q migration processing method using well-ground combined data, mainly comprising the following steps:

[0008] First step: obtaining DAS data in the well and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground under the same source signal in the working area;

[0009] DAS in the well and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground receive signals of the same source, and both have consistent source characteristics, which ensures the accuracy of Q value calculation, and the data format is segy format. Once the optical fiber DAS is arranged from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, the geophone is buried according to the designed observation system on the ground, and the artificial source excitation is carried out on the ground using explosives, controllable source and heavy hammer, etc. Under the condition of well excitation, the source should be excited synchronously in the well, and the well DAS and the ground geophone are received synchronously, which ensures the consistency of the source characteristics.

[0010] Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) can realize the layout of the whole well section from the wellhead to the bottom at one time, and only needs to excite the source on the ground once, that is, the data acquisition of the whole well section can be realized, and the influence of different source excitations is reduced.

[0011] Second step: calculating Q value by using amplitude, frequency and phase joint attenuation method, and calculating Q value curve from shallow to deep at wellbore position according to well DAS data and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground.

[0012] By using the amplitude, frequency and phase joint attenuation method, the fine Q value curve QDAS at the wellbore position is calculated according to the well DAS data well (i), i=1,2,3...N, i is the depth sampling interval, and N is the depth value, unit m. The fine Q value curve calculated by using the well DAS data has high accuracy and precision, and the Q value from shallow to deep at the wellbore is described more finely, and the precision can reach 1m.

[0013] Using a combined attenuation method of amplitude, frequency, and phase, a coarse Q-value curve Q3D at the wellbore location is calculated based on ground 3D seismic data. well (j), j = 1, 2, 3...M, j is the depth sampling interval, and M is the depth value in meters. Due to the limitations of ground 3D seismic data, the accuracy of the coarse Q-value curve is lower than that of the fine Q-value curve. It does not characterize the Q-value from shallow to deep in the wellbore very finely. The Q-value stability is poor, the reliability is low, and there are outlier interferences. The accuracy is about 10-100m.

[0014] Step 3: Leverage the advantages of both types of data, use the fine Q-value curve from the well to correct the Q-value accuracy of the coarse Q-value curve on the surface, and conduct a layered fine evaluation and analysis.

[0015] By analyzing the similarity of the Q-value curves at the two wellbore locations, the well-to-surface joint Q-value accuracy correction factor QCor at the wellbore location is calculated. well Using the wellbore-surface combined Q-value accuracy correction factor QCor at the wellbore well The coarse Q-value curve is corrected to achieve consistency between the Q-value depth domain of the wellbore data and the surface data at the wellbore location. The corrected coarse Q-value curve at the wellbore location is Q3D. well *QCor well (k), where: Q3D well This is a rough Q-value curve at the wellbore location; QCor well The accuracy correction factor for the combined well-ground Q value at the wellbore location; k = 1, 2, 3...X, where k is the depth sampling interval and X is the depth value in meters.

[0016] Based on the stratification accuracy evaluation analysis of the two Q-value curves, the well-to-surface combined Q-value matching stratification factor QLay at the wellbore was calculated. well Using the well-to-surface combined Q-value matching stratification factor QLay at the wellbore location well The corrected coarse Q-value curves were stratified. The Q-value stratification model at the wellbore location was Q3D. well *QCor well *QLay well (h), where: Q3D well This is a rough Q-value curve at the wellbore location; QCor well QLay is the accuracy correction factor for the combined well-to-surface Q-value at the wellbore location; well The well-to-surface Q-value matching stratification factor is used at the wellbore location; h = 1, 2, 3, ..., L, where h is the stratification number of the model and L is the total number of strata in the model, with dimensionless units.

[0017] The similarity evaluation analysis is to realize the approximation of two Q value curves by extracting the precision correction factor, to realize the square wave of the fine Q value curve, to realize the interpolation of the rough Q value curve, to realize the matching of the two Q value curves by the frequency division normalization cross correlation method after the precision of the two Q value curves reaches an order of magnitude, and to improve the accuracy of the calculated Q value of the ground three-dimensional seismic data. The layered precision evaluation analysis is to take the fine Q value curve as a layered guide parameter after the precision of the two Q value curves reaches an order of magnitude, to layer the corrected rough Q value curve, to ensure the stability of the result, and to realize the fine layering.

[0018] The fourth step is to pick up the horizon information along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, and to calculate the spatial three-dimensional Q volume by using the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0019] When the three-dimensional horizon picking is performed according to the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the wellbore position is layered by using the well-to-ground joint Q value matching factor QLay well As the picking version, the reliability and fine of the horizon picking are improved, and the spatial three-dimensional layered factor QLay area .

[0020] According to the spatial three-dimensional layered factor QLay area , the Q value of each layer is calculated by using the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the Q value filling of the three-dimensional layered model is realized, and the Q volume Q3D area of the three-dimensional seismic data is obtained. well In the process of calculating the spatial three-dimensional Q volume, the precision of the spatial three-dimensional Q volume is improved by using the well-to-ground joint Q value precision correction factor QCor area * QCor well * QLay area (h), wherein: Q3D area is the Q volume of the three-dimensional seismic data; QCor well is the well-to-ground joint Q value precision correction factor; QLay area is the spatial three-dimensional layered factor; h = 1, 2, 3... L, h is the model layering number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0021] The precision of the spatial three-dimensional Q volume can be improved by using the well-to-ground joint Q value precision correction factor QCor well , but the correction factor has higher accuracy at the wellbore position, the precision is reduced at positions far from the wellbore, and the underground stratum structure changes constantly, so the three-dimensional spatial correction factor is needed to further improve the precision of the three-dimensional Q volume layered initial model.

[0022] Step 5: Stimulate the source at different positions on the ground, use DAS data in the well with different offsets to calculate the precision correction factor, and improve the precision of the Q-body layered initial model.

[0023] The propagation path of DAS data in the well with different offsets is calculated in the Q-body layered initial model, so as to obtain the correction factor in three-dimensional space. Artificial sources are excited on the ground, and seismic waves propagate from the ground to the underground, successively passing through each layer from shallow to deep. The number of layers passed through by near-offset data is small, and the number of layers passed through by far-offset data is large. The combination of wave equation and ray tracing ensures the stability and reliability of the propagation path.

[0024] According to the propagation path of DAS data in the well with different offsets, the Q-body layered initial model is corrected. From near-offset to far-offset, the Q-value calculation error is gradually eliminated; from shallow to deep, the Q-value calculation is sequentially corrected, realizing the layer-by-layer stripping of Q-value fine calculation. Based on the Q-value calculation and layer stripping rules from near to far and from shallow to deep, the three-dimensional well-to-ground joint Q-value precision correction factor QCor area is finally obtained, further improving the precision of the Q-body layered initial model.

[0025] Step 6: Use the DAS in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground received by the same source to establish a high-precision three-dimensional Q-body with joint data information, and simultaneously optimize the velocity model.

[0026] The three-dimensional Q-body fully utilizes the DAS in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, takes advantage of the accurate Q-value calculation of DAS data in the well at the wellbore, establishes a three-dimensional Q-body layered initial model using three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and then improves the precision of Q-value using DAS data in the well with different offsets. The final three-dimensional Q-body is Q3D area *QCor area *QLay area (h), wherein: Q3D area is the Q-body of three-dimensional seismic data; QCor area is the three-dimensional well-to-ground joint Q-value precision correction factor; QLay area is the spatial three-dimensional layered factor; h = 1, 2, 3…L, h is the model layering number, and L is the total number of model layers, dimensionless unit.

[0027] At the same time, the velocity model is optimized according to the established three-dimensional Q-body, laying a foundation for subsequent migration processing. The optimized velocity model is V3D(h), h = 1, 2, 3…L, h is the model layering number, and L is the total number of model layers, dimensionless unit.

[0028] Step 7: Input the high-precision three-dimensional Q-body and the velocity model to perform Q-migration processing on the ground seismic data, and simultaneously improve the imaging precision and resolution of seismic data.

[0029] According to the established high-precision three-dimensional Q body and the velocity model established by the DAS in the well and the three-dimensional seismic on the ground, the Q migration imaging is performed layer by layer from shallow to deep. According to the spatial three-dimensional layering factor QLay area (h), the input three-dimensional Q body Q3D area *QCor area *QLay area (h), and the optimized three-dimensional velocity model V3D(h), the Q migration depth imaging is performed on the seismic data layer by layer, and the signal recovery is performed on the amplitude, frequency and phase of the seismic data layer by layer, wherein: Q3D area is the Q body of the three-dimensional seismic data; QCor area is the three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor; QLay area is the spatial three-dimensional layering factor; h=1,2,3......L, h is the model layering sequence number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0030] Finally, the Q compensation processed seismic data is output, the resolution of the seismic data and the imaging accuracy of the deep layer are simultaneously improved, and the data format is segy.

[0031] The embodiment of the application provides a device for Q migration processing by using well-ground joint data, which is characterized by comprising:

[0032] a data acquisition module, configured to acquire the DAS data in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground under the same source signal of a work area;

[0033] a Q value calculation module, configured to calculate the Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position according to the DAS data in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, respectively;

[0034] a correction analysis module, configured to perform Q value precision correction on the ground Q value curve by using the Q value curve in the well, and perform layering fine judgment and analysis;

[0035] a spatial three-dimensional Q body calculation module, configured to pick up horizon information along the strong energy phase axis in the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and calculate the spatial three-dimensional Q body by using the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground;

[0036] a precision correction factor calculation module, configured to excite the source at different positions on the ground, and calculate the precision correction factor by using the DAS data in the well at different offsets;

[0037] an optimization module, configured to establish the high-precision three-dimensional Q body by using the DAS in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and simultaneously optimize the velocity model;

[0038] The processing module inputs high-precision three-dimensional Q volume and a velocity model, and performs Q migration processing on the ground seismic data, thereby improving the imaging precision and resolution of the seismic data.

[0039] The application further provides an electronic device, which comprises a processor and a memory, and the processor is used to execute a program stored in the memory, so as to implement the method for performing Q migration processing by using well-ground joint data.

[0040] The application further provides a storage medium, which stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the method for performing Q migration processing by using well-ground joint data.

[0041] The technical scheme provided by the application has the beneficial effects that: the advantages of DAS in the well and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground are utilized, the precision correction and matching layering of the three-dimensional seismic Q value curve on the wellbore position are performed by using DAS in the well, and a three-dimensional Q volume layering initial model with high precision is established. The advantages of DAS data at different migration distances in the well are utilized, and the calculation rules from near to far and from front to deep are used to further improve the precision of the Q volume layering initial model.

[0042] DAS in the well can realize the layout of the whole well section at one time, and only one excitation on the ground is needed to realize the acquisition of the whole well section. DAS data in the well has very good wavelet consistency, and a fine Q value curve can be calculated at the wellbore position. The Q value of the three-dimensional seismic data is corrected according to the fine Q value curve, and the reliability of the calculation result is greatly improved. DAS in the well has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, can realize the acquisition of the whole well section from the wellhead to the bottom, does not have data missing, can realize fine calculation of the deep Q value, and finally establishes a three-dimensional Q volume containing all information of the shallow layer, the middle layer and the deep layer. According to the propagation law that the seismic wave attenuates layer by layer from shallow to deep, the three-dimensional Q volume and the velocity model are established based on the well-ground joint, Q migration processing is performed layer by layer, the adverse effects of the absorption and attenuation of the stratum are eliminated, the imaging precision and resolution of the seismic data are improved, the well-seismic error is reduced, and the thin layer identification capability is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings listed below are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0044] Figure 1 The technical flowchart in the embodiments of the application is shown in the figure.

[0045] Figure 2 DAS data in the well;

[0046] Figure 3 a calculated three-dimensional quality factor body;

[0047] Figure 4 a Q-migrated seismic profile;

[0048] Figure 5 a structural schematic diagram of an apparatus for Q migration processing by using well-ground combined data in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0051] Embodiment one:

[0052] Referring to Figures 1-4 A method for Q migration processing by using well-ground combined data mainly includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Obtain well DAS data and ground three-dimensional seismic data under the same seismic source signal in the working area;

[0054] The well DAS and the ground three-dimensional seismic receive the signal of the same seismic source, and have consistent seismic source characteristics, which ensures the accuracy of Q value calculation, and the data format is segy format. The optical fiber DAS is arranged once from the wellhead to the bottom of the well in the well, the geophone is buried according to the designed observation system on the ground, the artificial seismic source is excited by using explosives, controllable seismic source and heavy hammer on the ground, and under the condition of well excitation, the seismic source should be excited synchronously in the well, and the well DAS and the ground geophone are received synchronously, which ensures the consistency of the seismic source characteristics.

[0055] Distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing (Distributed Acoustic Sensing, DAS) can realize the layout from the wellhead to the bottom of the well once, and only needs to be excited by the seismic source on the ground, that is, the data acquisition of the whole well section can be realized, and the influence of different seismic sources is reduced.

[0056] Step 2: Calculate the Q value by using the amplitude, frequency and phase joint attenuation method, and calculate the Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position according to the well DAS data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0057] Using a combined attenuation method of amplitude, frequency, and phase, a fine Q-value curve (QDAS) is calculated at the wellbore location based on DAS data in the wellbore. well (i), i = 1, 2, 3...N, where i is the depth sampling interval and N is the depth value in meters. The fine Q-value curve calculated using DAS data from the well has high accuracy and precision, and provides a more detailed characterization of the Q-value from shallow to deep within the wellbore, with an accuracy of up to 1 meter.

[0058] Using a combined amplitude, frequency, and phase attenuation method, a coarse Q-value curve (Q3D) at the wellbore location is calculated based on surface 3D seismic data. well (j), j = 1, 2, 3...M, j is the depth sampling interval, and M is the depth value in meters. Due to the limitations of ground 3D seismic data, the accuracy of the coarse Q-value curve is lower than that of the fine Q-value curve. It does not characterize the Q-value from shallow to deep in the wellbore very finely. The Q-value stability is poor, the reliability is low, and there are outlier interferences. The accuracy is about 10-100m.

[0059] Step 3: Leverage the advantages of both types of data, use the fine Q-value curve from the well to correct the Q-value accuracy of the coarse Q-value curve on the surface, and conduct a layered fine evaluation and analysis.

[0060] By analyzing the similarity of the Q-value curves at the two wellbore locations, the well-to-surface joint Q-value accuracy correction factor QCor at the wellbore location is calculated. well Using the wellbore-surface combined Q-value accuracy correction factor QCor at the wellbore well The coarse Q-value curve is corrected to achieve consistency between the Q-value depth domain of the wellbore data and the surface data at the wellbore location. The corrected coarse Q-value curve at the wellbore location is Q3D. well *QCor well (k), where: Q3D well This is a rough Q-value curve at the wellbore location; QCor well The accuracy correction factor for the combined well-ground Q value at the wellbore location; k = 1, 2, 3...X, where k is the depth sampling interval and X is the depth value in meters.

[0061] Based on the stratification accuracy evaluation analysis of the two Q-value curves, the well-to-surface combined Q-value matching stratification factor QLay at the wellbore was calculated. well Using the well-to-surface combined Q-value matching stratification factor QLay at the wellbore location well The corrected coarse Q-value curves were stratified. The Q-value stratification model at the wellbore location was Q3D. well *QCor well *QLay well (h), where: Q3D wellis the rough Q value curve at the wellbore position; QCor well is the well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor at the wellbore; QLay well is the well-ground joint Q value matching layering factor at the wellbore; h = 1, 2, 3…L, h is the model layering sequence number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0062] The similarity evaluation analysis is to realize the approximation of two Q value curves by extracting the precision correction factor, to square the fine Q value curve, to interpolate the rough Q value curve, and to realize the matching of the two after the precision of the two Q value curves reaches an order of magnitude, thereby improving the accuracy of the ground three-dimensional seismic calculation Q value. The layering precision evaluation analysis is to layer the corrected rough Q value curve as the layering guide parameter after the precision of the two Q value curves reaches an order of magnitude, thereby ensuring the stability of the result and realizing fine layering.

[0063] The fourth step is to pick up the horizon information along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, and to calculate the spatial three-dimensional Q volume by using the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0064] When the three-dimensional horizon is picked up according to the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the well-ground joint Q value matching layering factor QLay well is used as the picking volume, the reliability and fine of the horizon picking are improved, and the spatial three-dimensional layering factor QLay area is obtained.

[0065] According to the spatial three-dimensional layering factor QLay area , the Q value of each layer is calculated by using the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the Q value filling of the three-dimensional layering model is realized, and the Q volume Q3D area of the three-dimensional seismic data is obtained. well In the process of calculating the spatial three-dimensional Q volume, the well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor QCor area is used to improve the precision of the spatial three-dimensional Q volume. The initial model Q3D well *QCor area *QLay area (h) of the spatial three-dimensional Q volume layering is established, wherein: Q3D well is the Q volume of the three-dimensional seismic data; QCor area is the well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor; QLay well is the spatial three-dimensional layering factor; h = 1, 2, 3…L, h is the model layering sequence number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0066] The well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor QCor wellThe accuracy of the spatial three-dimensional Q body can be improved, but the correction factor has higher accuracy at the wellbore position, and the accuracy is reduced at positions away from the wellbore, and the underground formation structure changes continuously, and the three-dimensional spatial correction factor is needed to further improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional Q body layered initial model.

[0067] Step 5: A seismic source is excited at different positions on the ground, and the accuracy correction factor is calculated by using the DAS data in the well at different offsets, so as to improve the accuracy of the Q body layered initial model.

[0068] The propagation path of the DAS data in the well at different offsets is calculated in the Q body layered initial model, so as to obtain the three-dimensional spatial correction factor. An artificial seismic source is excited on the ground, and the seismic wave propagates from the ground to the underground, and successively passes through each formation from shallow to deep. The number of layers passed through by the near offset data is small, and the number of layers passed through by the far offset data is large. The wave equation and the ray tracing are combined to ensure the stability and reliability of the propagation path.

[0069] According to the propagation path of the DAS data in the well at different offsets, the Q body layered initial model is corrected. From the near offset to the far offset, the Q value calculation error is gradually eliminated; from the shallow layer to the deep layer, the Q value calculation and layer stripping are realized. Based on the Q value calculation and layer stripping rules from near to far and from shallow to deep, the three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor QCor area is finally obtained, and the accuracy of the Q body layered initial model is further improved.

[0070] Step 6: The high-precision three-dimensional Q body is established by using the DAS in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and the velocity model is simultaneously optimized.

[0071] The three-dimensional Q body fully utilizes the DAS in the well and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground. The DAS data in the well at the wellbore are used to calculate the Q value accurately, the three-dimensional Q body layered initial model is established by using the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and then the Q value accuracy is improved by using the DAS data in the well at different offsets. The final three-dimensional Q body is Q3D area *QCor area *QLay area (h), wherein: Q3D area is the Q body of the three-dimensional seismic data; QCor area is the three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor; Q Lay area is the spatial three-dimensional layered factor; h = 1, 2, 3…L, h is the model layering number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0072] Meanwhile, the velocity model is optimized according to the established three-dimensional Q body, laying a foundation for subsequent migration processing. The optimized velocity model is V3D(h), h = 1, 2, 3...L, h is the model layer number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0073] Step 7: Input high-precision three-dimensional Q body and velocity model, and perform Q migration processing on ground seismic data, to simultaneously improve the imaging accuracy and resolution of seismic data.

[0074] According to the established high-precision three-dimensional Q body, and the velocity model established by the joint of DAS in the well and three-dimensional seismic on the ground, Q migration imaging is performed layer by layer from shallow to deep. According to the spatial three-dimensional layering factor QLay area (h), input three-dimensional Q body Q3D area *QCor area *QLay area (h), and the optimized three-dimensional velocity model V3D(h), Q migration depth imaging is performed on seismic data layer by layer, and signal recovery is simultaneously performed on the amplitude, frequency and phase of seismic data layer by layer, wherein: Q3D area is the Q body of three-dimensional seismic data; QCor area is a three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor; QLay area is a spatial three-dimensional layering factor; h = 1, 2, 3...L, h is the model layer number, and L is the total number of model layers, which is a dimensionless unit.

[0075] Finally, the seismic data after Q compensation processing is output, the resolution and deep imaging accuracy of seismic data are simultaneously improved, and the data format is segy.

[0076] Embodiment two

[0077] Referring to Figure 5 , in the embodiment, a device for Q migration processing by using well-ground joint data is provided, characterized in that it comprises:

[0078] A data acquisition module is configured to acquire well DAS data and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground under the same source signal in a work area.

[0079] A Q value calculation module is configured to calculate Q value curves from shallow to deep at the wellbore position according to the well DAS data and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, respectively.

[0080] A correction analysis module is configured to perform Q value precision correction on the ground Q value curve by using the well Q value curve, and perform layering fine judgment and analysis.

[0081] A spatial three-dimensional Q body calculation module is configured to pick up horizon information along strong energy events in the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and calculate a spatial three-dimensional Q body by using the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground.

[0082] a precision correction factor calculation module, which calculates precision correction factors by using DAS data in wells with different offsets at different positions on the ground;

[0083] an optimization module, which establishes a high-precision three-dimensional Q body combined with the two kinds of data information by using DAS in wells and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground, and synchronously optimizes a velocity model;

[0084] a processing module, which inputs the high-precision three-dimensional Q body and the velocity model, and performs Q migration processing on seismic data on the ground to synchronously improve imaging precision and resolution of the seismic data.

[0085] Detailed descriptions of functions of the modules are provided in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0086] Embodiment Three

[0087] Referring to Figure 6 In this embodiment, an electronic device is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to execute a program stored in the memory, so as to implement the method for performing Q migration processing by using joint well-ground data.

[0088] Figure 5 The electronic device 1700 shown in the figure comprises at least one processor 1701, a memory 1702, at least one network interface 1704 and other user interfaces 1703. The various components in the electronic device 1700 are coupled together through a bus system 1705. It can be understood that the bus system 1705 is used to realize the connection and communication between the components. The bus system 1705 comprises a data bus, a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus. However, for the purpose of clear illustration, all the buses are marked as the bus system 1705 in the figure. Figure 5

[0089] The user interface 1703 can comprise a display, a keyboard or a clicking device (for example, a mouse, a trackball, a touchpad or a touch screen, etc.). It can be understood that the memory 1702 in the embodiment of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can comprise both volatile and non-volatile memories.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the processor 1701 is configured to execute the method steps provided by the various method embodiments by calling the programs or instructions stored in the memory 1702, specifically, the programs or instructions stored in the application program 17022.

[0091] ​In some embodiments, the memory 1702 stores an operating system 17021 and one or more applications 17022. In some embodiments, the applications 17022 include a web browser, a media player, a drawing program, and / or a voice recognition program.

[0092] The operating system 17021 includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driver layer, and the like, for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. The applications 17022 include various application programs, such as a media player, a browser, and the like, for implementing various application services. The programs implementing the methods of the embodiments of the present application can be included in the applications 17022.

[0093] Embodiment Four

[0094] In this embodiment, a storage medium is provided, characterized in that the storage medium stores one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the method for Q offset processing by using well-ground data.

[0095] The method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be stored in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0096] The above description is merely the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for Q-migration processing using joint well and surface data, characterized in that, Specifically comprising: Obtaining well DAS data and ground three-dimensional seismic data under the same source signal in the work area; Calculating Q value curves from shallow to deep at the wellbore position according to the well DAS data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data respectively; Using the well Q value curve to correct the Q value accuracy of the ground Q value curve, and performing layered fine judgment and analysis; Picking up horizon information along strong energy phase axes in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, and calculating a spatial three-dimensional Q volume using the ground three-dimensional seismic data; Exciting a source at different positions on the ground, and calculating accuracy correction factors using well DAS data of different offsets to improve the accuracy of the initial layered Q volume model; Using the well DAS and ground three-dimensional seismic data received by the same source to establish a high-precision three-dimensional Q volume combined with two kinds of data information, and simultaneously optimizing the velocity model; Inputting the high-precision three-dimensional Q volume and the velocity model to perform Q migration processing on the ground seismic data, and simultaneously improving the imaging accuracy and resolution of the seismic data; Exciting a source at different positions on the ground, and calculating accuracy correction factors using well DAS data of different offsets to improve the accuracy of the initial layered Q volume model, including: Calculating the propagation path of well DAS data of different offsets in the initial layered Q volume model to obtain three-dimensional spatial correction factors; Exciting an artificial source on the ground to make seismic waves propagate from the ground to the underground, and sequentially pass through each layer from shallow to deep; Correcting the initial layered Q volume model according to the propagation path of well DAS data of different offsets; Based on the Q value calculation from near to far and from shallow to deep and the layer stripping rule, a three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor is obtained.

2. The method for Q-migration processing with joint well and surface data according to claim 1, wherein, Calculating Q value curves from shallow to deep at the wellbore position according to the well DAS data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data respectively, including: Using the attenuation method of amplitude, frequency and phase combination, the fine Q value curve at the wellbore position is calculated according to the DAS data in the well , , i is the depth sampling interval, N is the depth value, unit m; The rough Q value curve at the wellbore position is calculated according to the ground three-dimensional seismic data by using the attenuation method combined with amplitude, frequency and phase , , j is the depth sampling interval, and M is the depth value, in meters.

3. The method for Q-migration processing using well-to-surface combined data according to claim 2, wherein, Using the well Q value curve to correct the Q value accuracy of the ground Q value curve, and performing layered fine judgment and analysis, including: Judging and analyzing the similarity of the two Q value curves at the wellbore position; Calculating a well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore; Using the well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore to correct the rough Q value curve; Judging and analyzing the layered accuracy of the two Q value curves; Calculating a well-ground joint Q value matching layered factor at the wellbore; Using the well-ground joint Q value matching layered factor at the wellbore to layer the corrected rough Q value curve.

4. The method for Q-migration processing using well-to-surface combined data according to claim 3, wherein, Picking up horizon information along strong energy phase axes in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, and calculating a spatial three-dimensional Q volume using the ground three-dimensional seismic data, including: Using the well-ground joint Q value matching layered factor at the wellbore as a picking volume to obtain a spatial three-dimensional layered factor; According to the three-dimensional space layering factor, Q values of each layer are calculated by using ground three-dimensional seismic data, Q value filling of the three-dimensional layering model is realized, and a Q volume of the three-dimensional seismic data is obtained ; In the calculation of spatial three-dimensional Q body, the well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore is used The accuracy of spatial three-dimensional Q body is improved; Establishing a spatial three-dimensional Q volume layered initial model in the work area.

5. The method for Q-migration processing using the joint data of well and field according to claim 4, characterized in that, Using the well DAS and ground three-dimensional seismic data received by the same source to establish a high-precision three-dimensional Q volume combined with two kinds of data information, and simultaneously optimizing the velocity model, including: The three-dimensional Q volume fully utilizes the well DAS and ground three-dimensional seismic data, takes advantage of the accurate Q value calculation of the well DAS data at the wellbore, and establishes a three-dimensional Q volume layered initial model using the ground three-dimensional seismic data; Then, the Q value accuracy is improved through well DAS data of different offsets; At the same time, the velocity model is optimized according to the established three-dimensional Q volume.

6. The method for Q-migration processing using the joint data of well and field according to claim 4, characterized in that, Input high-precision three-dimensional Q body and velocity model, Q migration processing is carried out on ground seismic data, and the imaging accuracy and resolution of seismic data are simultaneously improved, including: According to the established high-precision three-dimensional Q body and the velocity model established by the joint of DAS in the well and three-dimensional seismic on the ground, Q migration imaging is carried out layer by layer from shallow to deep; According to the spatial three-dimensional layered factor, input three-dimensional Q body and optimized three-dimensional velocity model, Q migration depth imaging is carried out on seismic data layer by layer, and signal recovery is simultaneously carried out on the amplitude, frequency and phase of seismic data layer by layer; Finally, the Q compensation processed seismic data is output, and the resolution and deep imaging accuracy of seismic data are simultaneously improved.

7. An apparatus for Q-migration processing using combined well-ground data, characterized in that, Including: The data acquisition module is used for acquiring well DAS data and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground under the same seismic source signal in the working area; The Q value calculation module is used for calculating the Q value curve from shallow to deep at the well position according to the well DAS data and the three-dimensional seismic data on the ground respectively; The correction analysis module is used for correcting the Q value accuracy of the ground Q value curve by using the well Q value curve, and performing layered fine judgment and analysis; The spatial three-dimensional Q body calculation module is used for picking up horizon information along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, and calculating the spatial three-dimensional Q body by using the ground three-dimensional seismic data; The precision correction factor calculation module calculates the precision correction factor by using the well DAS data of different offset distances when the seismic source is excited at different positions on the ground, and improves the initial model precision of Q body layering; The optimization module uses the well DAS and three-dimensional seismic data on the ground received by the same source to establish a high-precision three-dimensional Q body combined with two kinds of data information, and simultaneously optimizes the velocity model; The processing module inputs high-precision three-dimensional Q body and velocity model, Q migration processing is carried out on ground seismic data, and the imaging accuracy and resolution of seismic data are simultaneously improved; When the seismic source is excited at different positions on the ground, the precision correction factor is calculated by using the well DAS data of different offset distances, and the initial model precision of Q body layering is improved, including: The propagation path of the well DAS data of different offset distances is calculated in the Q body layering initial model, so as to obtain the correction factor in three-dimensional space; The artificial seismic source is excited on the ground, so that the seismic wave propagates from the ground to the underground, and successively passes through each stratum from shallow to deep; According to the propagation path of the well DAS data of different offset distances, the Q body layering initial model is corrected; Based on the Q value calculation from near to far and from shallow to deep and the layer stripping rule, the three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value precision correction factor is obtained.

8. An electronic device, comprising: Including: The processor is used to execute the program stored in the memory for Q migration processing by using well-ground joint data, so as to realize the Q migration processing method by using well-ground joint data in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A storage medium, characterized by The storage medium stores one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to realize the Q migration processing method by using well-ground joint data in any one of claims 1-6.

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