Seismic data bubble suppression method, device and computing equipment

Abstract

The present application discloses a method, device and computing equipment for suppressing bubbles in seismic data, the method comprising: constructing a seismic data matrix according to the seismic recording data of each seismic channel; wherein the offset distances corresponding to each seismic channel are consistent; intercepting the seismic data matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics; performing autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics to obtain a characteristic function matrix; calculating the quality parameters of each seismic channel according to the characteristic function matrix, and obtaining each target seismic channel according to the quality parameter screening; calculating a bubble suppression operator according to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic channel in the characteristic function matrix; processing the seismic data matrix using the bubble suppression operator to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed. Through the above-mentioned method, it is possible to determine the bubble suppression operator completely according to the relative relationship between the bubble and the wavelet response at the receiving end without relying on the far-field wavelet, thereby improving the effect of suppressing the influence of bubbles in seismic data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a seismic data bubble suppression method, device, computing equipment, computer storage medium and computer program product. Background Art

[0002] Marine seismic exploration is a key technology for oil and gas resource exploration. The quality of its data will be significantly affected by the bubble effect. The interference waves generated by the bubble effect reduce the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, becoming the main factor restricting exploration efficiency and data quality.

[0003] In marine seismic exploration, air gun seismic sources are reliable and stable, and are a common source. The air gun instantly releases the stored high-pressure air into the seawater, forming bubbles with a pressure much higher than that of the surrounding seawater. As the bubbles break, seismic sub-waves are generated, followed by many small bubble pulses, which are constantly compressed and expanded in the seawater, causing the seismic sub-waves to continuously superimpose energy, forming a complex waveform with the addition of small bubble energy. The received seismic data not only have effective waves and multiple waves generated by the source energy, but also effective waves and multiple waves generated by the small bubble energy. These interferences greatly affect the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data. Therefore, how to effectively suppress the bubble energy generated immediately following the source has always been a key task in marine seismic exploration.

[0004] The existing bubble suppression method uses the inherent parameters of the air gun to perform a wavelet with a bubble effect, suppresses the low-frequency response in the wavelet through deconvolution, that is, the bubble response frequency is calculated based on the depth of the air gun in the seawater, and then applies the obtained bubble-free operator to seismic data.

[0005] Through the processing of a large amount of marine seismic data, it was found that the existing bubble suppression method has great drawbacks, which will cause a large amount of bubble effect to remain in the seismic data. The main reasons are: first, the air gun is aging, and there are errors between the prior parameters of the forward model and the actual data; second, the errors in the forward algorithm itself; third, in the actual data, due to the complex factors of geology and seawater, the bubble energy will produce multiple superposition responses, resulting in the relative energy relationship between the wavelet and the bubble effect in the seismic data and the energy relationship between the wavelet and the bubble effect in the theoretical forward modeling. It is seriously inconsistent. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed to provide a seismic data bubble suppression method, apparatus, computing device, computer storage medium and computer program product that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for suppressing bubbles in seismic data is provided, comprising:

[0008] According to the seismic record data of each seismic channel, a seismic data matrix is ​​constructed; wherein the offset distances corresponding to each seismic channel are consistent;

[0009] The seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics;

[0010] Perform autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics to obtain the characteristic function matrix;

[0011] According to the characteristic function matrix, the quality parameters of each seismic trace are calculated, and each target seismic trace is screened according to the quality parameters;

[0012] According to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the characteristic function matrix, the bubble suppression operator is calculated;

[0013] The seismic data matrix is ​​processed using a bubble suppression operator to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0014] Optionally, calculating the quality parameter of each seismic trace according to the characteristic function matrix further includes:

[0015] Performing optimal processing on the characteristic function matrix to obtain an optimal characteristic function matrix;

[0016] The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic trace in the optimal characteristic function matrix are averaged to obtain the characteristic function mean vector;

[0017] The quality parameters of each seismic trace are calculated based on the preferred characteristic function vector and the characteristic function mean vector corresponding to each seismic trace;

[0018] According to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the characteristic function matrix, the bubble suppression operator is calculated to further include:

[0019] The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the optimal characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace.

[0020] Optionally, calculating the bubble suppression operator according to the preferred characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace further includes:

[0021] The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each target seismic trace are superimposed and averaged to obtain a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics;

[0022] The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics, the preset time difference value and the filter factor.

[0023] Optionally, intercepting the seismic data matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics further includes:

[0024] Calculate the dot product of the seismic data matrix and the preset intercept matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics;

[0025] Among them, in each column element of the preset interception matrix, each element whose row index is within the specified range is 1, and each element whose row index is outside the specified range is 0, and the specified range is from the row index corresponding to the starting time point of the direct wave on the corresponding seismic trace to the row index corresponding to the end time point of the bubble.

[0026] Optionally, constructing the seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel further includes:

[0027] For any seismic trace, the time correction is calculated based on the offset and the corrected velocity;

[0028] Performing linear dynamic correction and leveling on the seismic record data of the seismic trace according to the time correction amount to obtain corrected seismic record data;

[0029] A seismic data matrix is ​​constructed based on the corrected seismic record data of each seismic channel.

[0030] Optionally, processing the seismic data matrix using a bubble suppression operator to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed further includes:

[0031] The convolution operation results of the bubble suppression operator and the seismic data matrix are calculated to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present application, a seismic data bubble suppression device is provided, comprising:

[0033] The data processing module is used to construct a seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel; wherein the offset distances corresponding to each seismic channel are consistent; and the seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics;

[0034] The feature extraction module is used to perform autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble features to obtain a feature function matrix; according to the feature function matrix, the quality parameters of each seismic trace are calculated, and each target seismic trace is screened according to the quality parameters; according to the feature function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the feature function matrix, the bubble suppression operator is calculated;

[0035] The suppression processing module is used to process the seismic data matrix using the bubble suppression operator to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0036] Optionally, the feature extraction module is further used to:

[0037] Performing optimal processing on the characteristic function matrix to obtain an optimal characteristic function matrix;

[0038] The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic trace in the optimal characteristic function matrix are averaged to obtain the characteristic function mean vector;

[0039] The quality parameters of each seismic trace are calculated based on the preferred characteristic function vector and the characteristic function mean vector corresponding to each seismic trace;

[0040] The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the optimal characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace.

[0041] Optionally, the feature extraction module is further used to:

[0042] The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each target seismic trace are superimposed and averaged to obtain a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics;

[0043] The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics, the preset time difference value and the filter factor.

[0044] Optionally, the data processing module is further used for:

[0045] Calculate the dot product of the seismic data matrix and the preset intercept matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics;

[0046] Among them, in each column element of the preset interception matrix, each element whose row index is within the specified range is 1, and each element whose row index is outside the specified range is 0, and the specified range is from the row index corresponding to the starting time point of the direct wave on the corresponding seismic trace to the row index corresponding to the end time point of the bubble.

[0047] Optionally, the data processing module is further used for:

[0048] For any seismic trace, the time correction is calculated based on the offset and the corrected velocity;

[0049] Performing linear dynamic correction and leveling on the seismic record data of the seismic trace according to the time correction amount to obtain corrected seismic record data;

[0050] A seismic data matrix is ​​constructed based on the corrected seismic record data of each seismic channel.

[0051] Optionally, the pressing processing module is further used for:

[0052] The convolution operation results of the bubble suppression operator and the seismic data matrix are calculated to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0053] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a computing device, comprising: a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus;

[0054] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to execute operations corresponding to the above-mentioned seismic data bubble suppression method.

[0055] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer storage medium is provided, wherein the storage medium stores at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables a processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned seismic data bubble suppression method.

[0056] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, comprising at least one executable instruction, wherein the executable instruction enables a processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned seismic data bubble suppression method.

[0057] According to the seismic data bubble suppression method, device, computing equipment, computer storage medium and computer program product provided by the embodiment of the present application, a seismic data matrix is ​​constructed according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel; wherein the offset distance corresponding to each seismic channel is consistent; the seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics; the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics is autocorrelated to obtain a characteristic function matrix; according to the characteristic function matrix, the quality parameters of each seismic channel are calculated, and each target seismic channel is obtained according to the quality parameter screening; according to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic channel in the characteristic function matrix, the bubble suppression operator is calculated; the seismic data matrix is ​​processed using the bubble suppression operator to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed. Through the above method, it is possible to determine the bubble suppression operator completely according to the relative relationship between the bubble and the wavelet response at the receiving end without relying on the far-field wavelet, thereby improving the effect of suppressing the influence of bubbles in the seismic data.

[0058] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0060] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for suppressing bubbles in seismic data provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0061] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a characteristic function matrix in a data instance is shown;

[0062] Figure 3 The quality parameters corresponding to each seismic trace in the data example are shown;

[0063] Figure 4 The characteristic function vector and quality parameter corresponding to the seismic trace in the data example are shown;

[0064] Figure 5 The plane distribution diagram of the quality parameters of each seismic trace in the whole working area in the data example is shown;

[0065] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics extracted according to the prior art;

[0066] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics extracted according to the method of an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a bubble suppression operator extracted according to the prior art;

[0068] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a bubble suppression operator extracted according to the method of an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the original seismic data;

[0070] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of seismic data after bubbles are suppressed by the prior art;

[0071] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of seismic data after bubbles are suppressed by the method of an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Fig.13 A plurality of spectrum curves are shown;

[0073] Fig.14 A functional structural diagram of a seismic data bubble suppression device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0074] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computing device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0076] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for suppressing bubbles in seismic data provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0077] Step S110, constructing a seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel.

[0078] Among them, the offset distance corresponding to each seismic channel is consistent. The offset distance refers to the distance between the shot point and the detector. The seismic recording data of the specified offset distance in each shot collection data of the work area is obtained, that is, the seismic recording data of each seismic channel is obtained.

[0079] The seismic record data is specifically the waveform amplitude corresponding to a series of sampling time points. According to the seismic record data of each seismic channel, a seismic data matrix with T rows and N columns is constructed, where T is the number of sampling time points and N is the number of seismic channels. The elements in the seismic data matrix are waveform amplitudes. For any waveform amplitude in the seismic record data, the row index in the seismic data matrix is ​​determined according to the corresponding sampling time point, and the column index in the seismic data matrix is ​​determined according to the corresponding seismic channel number.

[0080] In an optional method, single-shot data with a high signal-to-noise ratio and no obvious interference waves are selected, and near-track data of a specified offset distance are extracted therefrom. The seismic signal is then preprocessed, including filtering and denoising, to obtain seismic recording data of the seismic track. This method can improve the signal quality.

[0081] Step S120, intercepting the seismic data matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics.

[0082] The seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics, so that the extracted wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics does not contain reflection information interference.

[0083] Step S130, performing an autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics to obtain a characteristic function matrix.

[0084] The autocorrelation operation is performed on the intercepted wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics through the autocorrelation function to extract the relative energy, frequency and phase relationship between the seismic wavelet and the bubble, thereby obtaining the characteristic function matrix containing the characteristic function vectors of each seismic trace.

[0085] Step S140, calculating the quality parameters of each seismic trace according to the characteristic function matrix, and selecting each target seismic trace according to the quality parameters.

[0086] The quality parameters of each seismic channel are calculated according to the characteristic function matrix, and then the quality parameters of each seismic channel are screened to select the target seismic channels whose quality parameters are in the stable range. The stable range is obtained by summarizing and analyzing the quality parameters of each seismic channel in the work area, and the lower limit of the stable range of the quality parameter is v min , the upper limit value is v max .

[0087] Step S150, calculating a bubble suppression operator according to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the characteristic function matrix.

[0088] According to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace, the operator used to suppress the bubble is calculated.

[0089] Step S160, using a bubble suppression operator to process the seismic data matrix to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0090] Adaptive filters or other signal processing techniques are used to suppress the bubble effect of the original seismic data, thereby reducing the impact of the bubble effect.

[0091] To summarize, according to the seismic data bubble suppression method provided in this embodiment, a new marine seismic data bubble suppression method is provided. Compared with the existing bubble suppression method, the new method can be independent of the far-field wavelet and the bubble suppression operator can be determined completely based on the relative relationship between the bubble and the wavelet response at the receiving end, thereby suppressing the bubble influence in the seismic data. This method can simplify the algorithm logic of seismic data bubble suppression and improve the efficiency and effect of seismic data bubble suppression.

[0092] In an optional manner, a seismic data matrix is ​​constructed based on the seismic record data of each seismic channel, and the steps specifically include: for any seismic channel, a time correction amount is calculated based on the offset and the correction velocity; a linear dynamic correction is performed on the seismic record data of the seismic channel based on the time correction amount to obtain the corrected seismic record data; and a seismic data matrix is ​​constructed based on the corrected seismic record data of each seismic channel. Among them, the appearance time point of the direct wave increases strictly linearly with the increase of the offset, therefore, the time correction amount of the seismic channel is calculated by formula (1) so as to accurately extract the sub-wave containing the bubble structure characteristics.

[0093]

[0094] Among them, T i is the time correction value of the ith seismic trace, X i is the offset distance, V is the correction speed, and the value can be 1500m / s-2000m / s.

[0095] After calculating the time correction amount of the seismic trace, the time correction amount is subtracted from the time recorded in the seismic record data, thereby realizing the linear dynamic correction leveling of the seismic record data and aligning the peaks and troughs of the data with the same offset.

[0096] In an optional manner, the seismic data matrix is ​​truncated to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics, and this step specifically includes: calculating the dot product result of the seismic data matrix and a preset truncation matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics; wherein, in each column element of the preset truncation matrix, each element whose row index is within a specified range is 1, and each element whose row index is outside the specified range is 0, and the specified range is from the row index corresponding to the starting time point of the direct wave on the corresponding seismic trace to the row index corresponding to the bubble end time point.

[0097] The dimension of the preset intercept matrix is ​​consistent with the dimension of the seismic data matrix, that is, the preset intercept matrix also contains T rows and N columns of elements, and the elements contained therein are only 0 and 1. The preset intercept matrix M is expressed as follows:

[0098] M={V t j} (2);

[0099]

[0100] The range of column index j is [1, N], and the range of row index t is [1, T], that is, the preset interception matrix contains elements with T rows and N columns, V t j Represents the element of the jth column and the tth row in the preset interception matrix, t1 is the row index corresponding to the direct wave starting time point of the seismic trace corresponding to the column index j, and t2 is the row index corresponding to the bubble end time point of the direct wave of the seismic trace corresponding to the column index j. That is, in each column element in the preset interception matrix, the row elements between the row corresponding to the direct wave starting time and the row corresponding to the bubble end time point of the direct wave are 1, and the elements of other rows are 0.

[0101] The seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted. This step is expressed by the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, Φ wave represents the intercepted wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics, Φ nmo represents the earthquake data matrix, Is the dot multiplication operator symbol.

[0104] In an optional manner, an autocorrelation operation is performed on the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics to obtain a characteristic function matrix. This step is expressed by the following formula:

[0105] Γ(x j (t))=∑R xx (τ)*x j (t+τ) (5);

[0106] The dimension of the wavelet matrix with bubble features is also T rows and N columns, the range of its row index t is [1, T], and the range of its column index j is [1, N]. The range of the summation in formula (5) is [1, S], S is the ratio of the maximum value of the row index to the time interval τ, Γ(x j (t)) represents the characteristic function vector of the jth column in the characteristic function matrix, R xx is the autocorrelation function of the seismic signal, x j (t) represents the seismic signal, which forms a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics, x j (t) represents the vector of the jth column in the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics, and * is the convolution operator. It can be seen that the characteristic function vector is calculated for each column of the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics, and each column corresponds to a seismic trace, which is equivalent to calculating the characteristic function vector for each seismic trace. The characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic trace constitute the characteristic function matrix.

[0107] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the characteristic function matrix in the data instance is shown, wherein the horizontal axis value represents the column index, corresponding to the seismic channel number, and the vertical axis value represents the row index, corresponding to the sampling time point, wherein black represents the maximum value and red represents the minimum value. Figure 3 It shows the quality parameter corresponding to each seismic trace in the data example, that is, the maximum amplitude value of the wave crest in the seismic record data. The horizontal axis value represents the column index, corresponding to the seismic trace number. Figure 4 The characteristic function vectors and quality parameters corresponding to the seismic traces in the data instance are shown, wherein curve 41 represents the quality parameter curve, and region 42 shows the characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic trace, the horizontal axis represents the column index, the vertical axis represents the row index, and the curve represents the characteristic function vector. Figure 5 The plane distribution diagram of the quality parameters of each seismic trace in the entire work area in the data example is shown, where the coordinate value represents the real coordinate position of the seismic trace, and different colors represent different quality parameters.

[0108] In an optional manner, the quality parameters of each seismic channel are calculated based on the characteristic function matrix. This step specifically includes: performing optimal processing on the characteristic function matrix to obtain a preferred characteristic function matrix; taking the average of the preferred characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic channel in the preferred characteristic function matrix to obtain a characteristic function mean vector; and calculating the quality parameters of each seismic channel based on the preferred characteristic function vectors and the characteristic function mean vector corresponding to each seismic channel.

[0109] First, the characteristic function matrix is ​​optimized to suppress the noise interference wave, so as to select the characteristic function vector with high consistency. The processing method is expressed as follows:

[0110]

[0111] The preferred characteristic function matrix is ​​a matrix containing T rows and N columns of elements, the value range of its row index t is [1, T], and the value range of its column index j is [1, N]. Γ'(* j (t)) represents the preferred characteristic function vector of the j-th column in the preferred characteristic function matrix. The second part from the right on the right side of the equation is called the preferred parameter, which is related to the row index t. The formula means that for the j-th column in the characteristic function matrix, multiply the element in the t-th row in the j-th column by the preferred parameter calculated according to t to obtain the element in the t-th row in the j-th column in the preferred characteristic function matrix. Each element in the characteristic function matrix is ​​calculated in the above manner to obtain the preferred characteristic function matrix. The vector of each column is the preferred characteristic function vector corresponding to each seismic channel.

[0112] Secondly, the quality parameter of each seismic trace is calculated by optimizing the mean and variance function of the characteristic function vector. The calculation method is expressed as follows:

[0113]

[0114] Where j is the column index, H j represents the quality parameter of the seismic trace corresponding to column index j. The characteristic function mean vector is a matrix containing T row elements, that is, the value range of row index t is [1, T], Γ′ mean (t) represents the element of the tth row in the mean vector of the characteristic function, Γ′(x j (t)) represents the element in the tth row and jth column in the preferred feature function matrix.

[0115] Correspondingly, in a method of optimizing the characteristic function matrix, a bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic channel in the characteristic function matrix. The specific steps of this step include: calculating the bubble suppression operator based on the optimized characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic channel.

[0116] In an optional manner, a bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the preferred characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic channel. This step specifically includes: superimposing and averaging the preferred characteristic function vectors corresponding to each target seismic channel to obtain a time domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics; and calculating the bubble suppression operator based on the time domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics, a preset time difference value and a filter factor.

[0117] First, the time domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics is calculated. The calculation method is as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Where W(t) represents the time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics, W(t) is a matrix containing T row elements, and the value range of its row index t is [1, T], Γ n ′ represents the preferred characteristic function vector corresponding to the target seismic trace, and N′ represents the total number of screened target seismic traces.

[0120] Secondly, the bubble suppression operator is calculated. The calculation method is as follows:

[0121] w debubble =∑[W(t)*y(t-ρ*Gap)] (9);

[0122] Among them, w debubble is the bubble suppression operator. The summation range is the row index range of W(t). Taking the relative peak value of the bubble amplitude in W(t) as the benchmark, the time difference value is set to Gap, the filter factor y, and the index ρ, the bubble suppression operator is calculated. The two * in formula (9) are both convolution operation symbols.

[0123] In an optional manner, the bubble suppression operator is used to process the seismic data matrix to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed. This step specifically includes: calculating the convolution operation result of the bubble suppression operator and the seismic data matrix to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed. The formula is as follows:

[0124] Φ debubble =Φ nmo *w debubble (10);

[0125] Among them, Φ debubble represents the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed, and * in formula (10) is the convolution operator symbol.

[0126] In the above method, firstly, the direct waves of all offset distances are corrected to the same time point through linear dynamic correction, and then the wavelet with bubble structure characteristics is extracted, and the quality parameters of the bubble characteristics of the whole work area are calculated accordingly. The final operator with bubble structure characteristics is obtained by optimization and calculation, and based on this, the bubble suppression of the whole work area data is carried out.

[0127] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics extracted according to the prior art. From the waveform shown in area 61, it can be seen that non-wavelet characteristic formation information or noise information is mixed therein; from the waveform shown in area 62, the bubbles have no obvious periodic characteristics. Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics extracted according to the method of an embodiment of the present application. From the waveform shown in area 71, the wavelet information is purer, and the noise information and formation information are weak; from the waveform shown in area 72, the periodic characteristics of the bubbles from strong to weak are obvious.

[0128] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a bubble suppression operator extracted according to the prior art. From the waveform shown in region 81 , the bubble period feature of the bubble suppression operator is not obvious. Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of a bubble suppression operator extracted according to the method of an embodiment of the present application. From the waveform shown in area 91, the bubble period characteristics of the bubble suppression operator are obvious.

[0129] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the original seismic data. Fig.11 A schematic diagram of seismic data after bubbles are suppressed using existing technology. Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data after bubbles are suppressed by the method of the embodiment of the present application. The horizontal axis is the seismic channel number, the vertical axis is the sampling time point, and the linear phase axis at the arrow position is the bubble interference. Fig.10 and Fig.11 It can be seen that the bubble effect is weakened after applying the existing technology. Fig.11 and Fig.12 It can be seen that the linear bubble effect is completely eliminated after applying the method of the embodiment of the present application.

[0130] Fig.13 Multiple spectrum curves are shown, among which curve 3 represents the spectrum curve of the original seismic data without bubble suppression, curve 2 represents the spectrum curve of the original seismic data after bubble suppression by the prior art, and curve 1 represents the spectrum curve of the original seismic data after bubble suppression by the method of the embodiment of the present application. The bubble effect is the position marked by the arrow on the spectrum, and comparing the three curves, it can be seen that the bubble effect disappears after bubble suppression by the method of the embodiment of the present application.

[0131] The prior art usually uses numerical simulation wavelets, that is, the wavelets theoretically generated by the earthquake source, which will be different from the wavelets of the actual data. The actual data wavelets are attenuated and contain noise, or statistical wavelets that are averaged by data superposition, but will contain non-earthquake source information, that is, reflection information or noise information. The data used in the present application is derived from the actual data, ensuring that the prior information matches the data, and the relative relationship between the wavelet energy and the bubble energy is calculated through autocorrelation. This process suppresses the reflection information and noise information, and at the same time, the data with possible errors are screened out through the full-area optimization operator screening, ensuring authenticity and statistical effect.

[0132] The embodiment of the present application implements a method for suppressing bubbles in seismic data based on structural feature extraction, which aims to improve the quality of seismic data in marine seismic exploration. By identifying and extracting bubble structural features in seismic signals at each recording point, the interference waves generated by the bubble effect are effectively distinguished, and the bubble effect is suppressed by using signal processing technology, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data. The method of the present application does not generate source wavelets with bubble effects based on given parameters of forward modeling, but extracts source responses with bubble structural features based on the high signal-to-noise ratio part of the seismic data, and calculates the relative energy relationship between the source wavelet and the bubble response under the same reflection condition, thereby deriving a bubble suppression operator with ratio information. The bubble response in the seismic data can be more thoroughly suppressed through actual data application. The present application implements a bubble suppression method with good effect and strong adaptability, which can efficiently and adaptively suppress the bubble effects of various marine seismic data.

[0133] Fig.14 The functional structure diagram of the seismic data bubble suppression device provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown. Fig.14 As shown, the device comprises:

[0134] The data processing module 1401 is used to construct a seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel, wherein the offset distances corresponding to each seismic channel are consistent; the seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics;

[0135] The feature extraction module 1402 is used to perform autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble features to obtain a feature function matrix; calculate the quality parameters of each seismic trace according to the feature function matrix, and select each target seismic trace according to the quality parameters; calculate the bubble suppression operator according to the feature function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the feature function matrix;

[0136] The suppression processing module 1403 is used to process the seismic data matrix using the bubble suppression operator to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0137] In an optional manner, the feature extraction module 1402 is further used to:

[0138] Performing optimal processing on the characteristic function matrix to obtain an optimal characteristic function matrix;

[0139] The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic trace in the optimal characteristic function matrix are averaged to obtain the characteristic function mean vector;

[0140] The quality parameters of each seismic trace are calculated based on the preferred characteristic function vector and the characteristic function mean vector corresponding to each seismic trace;

[0141] The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the optimal characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace.

[0142] In an optional manner, the feature extraction module 1402 is further used to:

[0143] The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each target seismic trace are superimposed and averaged to obtain a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics;

[0144] The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics, the preset time difference value and the filter factor.

[0145] In an optional manner, the data processing module 1401 is further used to:

[0146] Calculate the dot product of the seismic data matrix and the preset intercept matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics;

[0147] Among them, in each column element of the preset interception matrix, each element whose row index is within the specified range is 1, and each element whose row index is outside the specified range is 0, and the specified range is from the row index corresponding to the starting time point of the direct wave on the corresponding seismic trace to the row index corresponding to the end time point of the bubble.

[0148] In an optional manner, the data processing module 1401 is further used to:

[0149] For any seismic trace, the time correction is calculated based on the offset and the corrected velocity;

[0150] Performing linear dynamic correction and leveling on the seismic record data of the seismic trace according to the time correction amount to obtain corrected seismic record data;

[0151] A seismic data matrix is ​​constructed based on the corrected seismic record data of each seismic channel.

[0152] In an optional manner, the compression processing module 1403 is further used to:

[0153] The convolution operation results of the bubble suppression operator and the seismic data matrix are calculated to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

[0154] To summarize, according to the seismic data bubble suppression device provided in this embodiment, a new marine seismic data bubble suppression method is provided. Compared with the existing bubble suppression method, it is independent of the far-field wavelet and can completely determine the bubble suppression operator based on the relative relationship between the bubble and the wavelet response at the receiving end, thereby suppressing the bubble influence in the seismic data. It can simplify the algorithm logic of seismic data bubble suppression and improve the efficiency and effect of seismic data bubble suppression.

[0155] An embodiment of the present application provides a non-volatile computer storage medium, which stores at least one executable instruction or computer program, which enables a processor to perform operations corresponding to the seismic data bubble suppression method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0156] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes at least one executable instruction or computer program, and the executable instruction or computer program can enable a processor to perform operations corresponding to the seismic data bubble suppression method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0157] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a computing device of the present application is shown. The specific embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific implementation of the computing device.

[0158] like Fig.15 As shown, the computing device may include: a processor (processor) 1502 , a communication interface (Communications Interface) 1504 , a memory (memory) 1506 , and a communication bus 1508 .

[0159] The processor 1502, the communication interface 1504, and the memory 1506 communicate with each other via a communication bus 1508. The communication interface 1504 is used to communicate with other devices such as a client or other server network elements. The processor 1502 is used to execute a program 1510, which can specifically execute the relevant steps in the embodiment of the seismic data bubble suppression method for a computing device.

[0160] Specifically, the program 1510 may include program codes, which include computer operation instructions.

[0161] The processor 1502 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application. The one or more processors included in the computing device may be processors of the same type, such as one or more CPUs; or may be processors of different types, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.

[0162] The memory 1506 is used to store the program 1510. The memory 1506 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0163] The program 1510 can be specifically used to enable the processor 1502 to execute the seismic data bubble suppression method in any of the above method embodiments. The specific implementation of each step in the program 1510 can refer to the corresponding descriptions in the corresponding steps and units in the seismic data bubble suppression embodiment, which will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process of the above-described devices and modules can refer to the corresponding process description in the above-mentioned method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0164] The algorithm or display provided here are not inherently related to any specific computer, virtual system or other equipment. Various general systems can also be used together with the teaching based on this. According to the above description, it is obvious to construct the structure required for this type of system. In addition, the present application embodiment is not directed to any specific programming language yet. It should be understood that various programming languages ​​can be utilized to realize the content of the present application described here, and the above description of specific languages ​​is to disclose the best mode of implementation of the present application.

[0165] In the description provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it is understood that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0166] Similarly, it should be understood that in order to streamline the present application and aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the above description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, the various features of the embodiments of the present application are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the following intention: the claimed application requires more features than the features explicitly recited in each claim. More specifically, as reflected in the claims, the inventive aspects lie in less than all the features of the single embodiment disclosed above. Therefore, the claims that follow the specific embodiment are hereby expressly incorporated into the specific embodiment, with each claim itself serving as a separate embodiment of the present application.

[0167] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the devices in the embodiments may be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components in the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and in addition they may be divided into a plurality of submodules or subunits or subcomponents. Except that at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive, all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstracts and drawings) and all processes or units of any method or device disclosed in this manner may be combined in any combination. Unless otherwise expressly stated, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstracts and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature providing the same, equivalent or similar purpose.

[0168] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features of different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present application and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any one of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0169] The various component embodiments of the present application can be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) can be used in practice to implement some or all functions of some or all components according to the embodiments of the present application. The application can also be implemented as a device or apparatus program (e.g., computer program and computer program product) for executing a part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program implementing the present application can be stored on a computer-readable medium, or can have the form of one or more signals. Such a signal can be downloaded from an Internet website, or provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

[0170] It should be noted that the above embodiments illustrate the present application rather than limit the present application, and that those skilled in the art may design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference symbol between brackets shall not be constructed as a limitation on the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "one" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of multiple such elements. The present application may be implemented by means of hardware including several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim that lists several devices, several of these devices may be embodied by the same hardware item. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names. The steps in the above embodiments, unless otherwise specified, should not be understood as limitations on the order of execution.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing bubbles in seismic data, characterized in that: include: Constructing a seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel; wherein the offset distances corresponding to each seismic channel are consistent; intercepting the seismic data matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics; Performing an autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics to obtain a characteristic function matrix; According to the characteristic function matrix, the quality parameter of each seismic trace is calculated, and each target seismic trace is screened according to the quality parameter; Calculating a bubble suppression operator according to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the characteristic function matrix; The bubble suppression operator is used to process the seismic data matrix to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of calculating the quality parameters of each seismic trace according to the characteristic function matrix further comprises: Performing optimization processing on the characteristic function matrix to obtain an optimized characteristic function matrix; Calculating the mean of the preferred characteristic function vectors corresponding to each seismic trace in the preferred characteristic function matrix to obtain a characteristic function mean vector; Calculating the quality parameters of each seismic trace according to the preferred characteristic function vector corresponding to each seismic trace and the characteristic function mean vector; The step of calculating the bubble suppression operator according to the characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the characteristic function matrix further comprises: The bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the optimal characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of calculating the bubble suppression operator according to the preferred characteristic function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace further comprises: The optimal characteristic function vectors corresponding to each target seismic trace are superimposed and averaged to obtain a time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics; A bubble suppression operator is calculated based on the time-domain wavelet with bubble structure characteristics, a preset time difference value and a filter factor.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of intercepting the seismic data matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics further comprises: Calculating the dot product result of the seismic data matrix and the preset interception matrix to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics; Among them, in each column element of the preset truncation matrix, each element whose row index is within the specified range is 1, and each element whose row index is outside the specified range is 0, and the specified range is from the row index corresponding to the starting time point of the direct wave on the corresponding seismic trace to the row index corresponding to the end time point of the bubble.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constructing of the seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel further comprises: For any seismic trace, the time correction is calculated based on the offset and the corrected velocity; Performing linear dynamic correction and leveling on the seismic record data of the seismic trace according to the time correction amount to obtain corrected seismic record data; The seismic data matrix is ​​constructed according to the corrected seismic record data of each seismic trace.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The step of processing the seismic data matrix using the bubble suppression operator to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed further comprises: The convolution operation result of the bubble suppression operator and the seismic data matrix is ​​calculated to obtain the seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

7. A seismic data bubble suppression device, characterized in that: include: A data processing module is used to construct a seismic data matrix according to the seismic record data of each seismic channel; wherein the offset distances corresponding to each seismic channel are consistent; and the seismic data matrix is ​​intercepted to obtain a wavelet matrix with bubble characteristics; A feature extraction module is used to perform autocorrelation operation on the wavelet matrix with bubble features to obtain a feature function matrix; calculate the quality parameters of each seismic trace according to the feature function matrix, and select each target seismic trace according to the quality parameters; calculate the bubble suppression operator according to the feature function vector corresponding to each target seismic trace in the feature function matrix; The suppression processing module is used to process the seismic data matrix using the bubble suppression operator to obtain seismic data after the bubbles are suppressed.

8. A computing device comprising: A processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform operations corresponding to the seismic data bubble suppression method according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer storage medium, wherein at least one executable instruction is stored in the storage medium, and the executable instruction enables a processor to execute operations corresponding to the seismic data bubble suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising at least one executable instruction, wherein the executable instruction enables a processor to execute operations corresponding to the seismic data bubble suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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