Intelligent monitoring system of substation based on single chip microcomputer

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of intelligent monitoring technology for substations, and in particular, to an intelligent monitoring system for substations based on a single-chip microcomputer, comprising: a main control unit, a monitoring unit, an alarm unit and a display unit; the monitoring unit, the alarm unit and the display unit are respectively connected to the main control unit, and the monitoring unit is composed of various sensors; the main control unit is initialized and set; all sensor modules in the monitoring unit are started to obtain substation monitoring data; the display configuration of the display unit is configured; the main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, and executes the control logic of the alarm unit based on the analysis result, and displays the substation monitoring data in real time through the display unit, thereby completing the intelligent monitoring alarm of the substation. The present invention realizes the comprehensive evaluation of various environmental parameters by establishing a multi-sensor data fusion analysis model, and significantly improves the monitoring accuracy and early warning accuracy of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent monitoring of substations, and in particular to an intelligent monitoring system for substations based on a single chip microcomputer. Background Art

[0002] As a key node in the power system, the safe and stable operation of the substation is directly related to the reliability of power supply. With the continuous expansion of the scale of the power system and the in-depth promotion of the construction of smart grids, the intelligent monitoring of substations is particularly important. At present, the traditional substation monitoring system has the problems of single monitoring means and limited coverage. Most systems can only monitor a single or a few environmental parameters, and cannot achieve comprehensive monitoring of multiple potential dangerous factors such as temperature and humidity, smoke, harmful gases, flames and accumulated water, resulting in the inability to timely discover and deal with safety hazards; in addition, the traditional substation monitoring system generally lacks intelligent data analysis capabilities, can only perform simple threshold judgments, and cannot establish correlation analysis between multi-sensor data, which easily affects the accuracy and timeliness of the system's early warning, and increases the risk of false alarms and missed alarms. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a substation intelligent monitoring system based on a single chip microcomputer, which realizes the comprehensive evaluation of multiple environmental parameters by establishing a multi-sensor data fusion analysis model, significantly improving the monitoring accuracy and early warning accuracy of the system. At the same time, the hierarchical alarm mechanism and real-time display function are adopted, so that the staff can intuitively grasp the operating status of the substation, timely discover and deal with potential dangers, and greatly improve the intelligent monitoring level and operation safety of the substation.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The substation intelligent monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer comprises: a main control unit, a monitoring unit, an alarm unit and a display unit; the monitoring unit, the alarm unit and the display unit are respectively connected to the main control unit, and the monitoring unit is composed of various sensors;

[0006] Initialize the main control unit;

[0007] Start all sensor modules in the monitoring unit to obtain substation monitoring data;

[0008] configuring a display configuration of a display unit;

[0009] The main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, executes the control logic of the alarm unit based on the analysis results, and displays the substation monitoring data in real time through the display unit to complete the intelligent monitoring and alarm of the substation.

[0010] Optionally, the monitoring unit includes: a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, a gas sensor, a flame sensor and a water level sensor.

[0011] Optionally, the execution logic of the temperature and humidity sensor is:

[0012] Drive the temperature and humidity sensor to initialize, and configure the data pin and communication interface of the temperature and humidity sensor;

[0013] Set the sampling period to 30s, perform self-calibration before data collection, obtain substation temperature and humidity data based on the dual measurement mechanism, and perform format verification on the substation temperature and humidity data. If the data format is wrong, re-acquire the substation temperature and humidity data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0014] Determine whether the substation temperature and humidity data exceeds the preset threshold. If it exceeds the threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is issued, and the processed substation temperature and humidity data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the threshold, the processed substation temperature and humidity data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0015] Optionally, the execution logic of the smoke sensor is:

[0016] Drive the smoke sensor to initialize;

[0017] Execute the preheating program for a set duration, obtain the substation smoke data, and perform format verification on the substation smoke data. If the data format is incorrect, re-acquire the substation smoke data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0018] Determine whether the substation smoke data exceeds the preset concentration threshold. If it exceeds the concentration threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation smoke data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the concentration threshold, the processed substation smoke data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0019] Optionally, the execution logic of the gas sensor is:

[0020] Drive gas sensor initialization;

[0021] Obtain substation gas data and perform format verification on the substation gas data. If the data format is incorrect, re-obtain the substation gas data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0022] Determine whether the substation gas data exceeds the preset gas concentration threshold. If it exceeds the gas concentration threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation gas data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the gas concentration threshold, the processed substation gas data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0023] Optionally, the execution logic of the flame sensor is:

[0024] Drive flame sensor initialization;

[0025] Obtain the flame detection data of the substation and perform format verification on the flame detection data of the substation. If the data format is wrong, re-obtain the flame detection data of the substation; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0026] Determine whether a flame signal is detected. If a flame is detected, immediately trigger the first priority alarm and transmit the processed substation flame detection data to the display unit; if no flame is detected, transmit the processed substation flame detection data to the display unit.

[0027] Optionally, the execution logic of the water level sensor is:

[0028] Drive water level sensor initialization;

[0029] Obtain the substation water level detection data and perform format verification on the substation water level detection data. If the data format is wrong, re-obtain the substation water level detection data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0030] Determine whether the water level exceeds the preset warning line. If it exceeds the warning line, the second priority alarm is triggered immediately, and the processed substation water level detection data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the warning line, the processed substation water level detection data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0031] Optionally, the main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, specifically:

[0032] The main control unit establishes a data receiving buffer, receives real-time data from temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, gas sensors, flame sensors, and water level sensors, and timestamps all received sensor data;

[0033] Calculate the standardized value of each sensor data, set the corresponding weight coefficient, and establish a comprehensive evaluation index;

[0034] Establish a multi-sensor data correlation analysis model, calculate the standardized value of each sensor data, and determine the weight coefficient corresponding to each sensor based on the hierarchical analysis method to solve the comprehensive risk index. At the same time, analyze the change trend and correlation of each sensor data, and solve the comprehensive risk value in combination with the comprehensive risk index;

[0035] The control logic of the alarm unit is executed according to the comprehensive risk value.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention achieves a comprehensive evaluation of multiple environmental parameters by establishing a multi-sensor data fusion analysis model, significantly improving the monitoring accuracy and early warning accuracy of the system. At the same time, the use of a hierarchical alarm mechanism and real-time display function enables staff to intuitively grasp the operating status of the substation, timely discover and deal with potential dangers, and greatly improves the intelligent monitoring level and operational safety of the substation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the process flow of the single chip microcomputer-based substation intelligent monitoring system provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. Obviously, what is described is only a part of the present invention, not all of it. Generally, the components of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides one embodiment: a substation intelligent monitoring system based on a single-chip microcomputer, comprising: a main control unit, a monitoring unit, an alarm unit and a display unit; the monitoring unit, the alarm unit and the display unit are respectively connected to the main control unit, and the monitoring unit is composed of various sensors;

[0041] Initialize the main control unit;

[0042] Start all sensor modules in the monitoring unit to obtain substation monitoring data;

[0043] configuring a display configuration of a display unit;

[0044] The main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, executes the control logic of the alarm unit based on the analysis results, and displays the substation monitoring data in real time through the display unit to complete the intelligent monitoring and alarm of the substation.

[0045] In this embodiment, the hardware circuit of the intelligent monitoring and control system of the substation includes an espwroom32 main control chip, a dht11 temperature and humidity sensor, an mq2 smoke sensor, an mq4 gas sensor, a flame sensor, a water level sensor, an active buzzer, a 0.96-inch LED display, etc. Among them, the main control unit of this embodiment is a single-chip microcomputer, which is provided with a reset circuit to ensure that the single-chip microcomputer system can correctly initialize the operation when the power supply voltage is powered on or in other abnormal conditions to prevent the system from entering a malfunction state. The common components of the reset circuit are related capacitors, resistors, and reset circuit chips. Capacitor: A small capacitor will be placed between the RESET pin and the ground to provide a de-jittering effect to ensure that the RESET signal will not be unstable due to mechanical jitter when the button is pressed. Pull-up resistor: There may also be a pull-up resistor between the RESET pin and the power supply to ensure that the RESET pin remains in a high level state when there is no external input. When the power supply is powered on or an abnormal situation occurs, the reset circuit chip will generate a pulse signal, which will be sent to the reset pin of the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer that receives the information will perform a reset operation. The reset circuit will also monitor the operation of the system circuit when the system is running. If an abnormal fault occurs in the system circuit, the reset circuit chip will automatically send a pulse signal to the microcontroller to perform a reset operation, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the system circuit operation.

[0046] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes: a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, a gas sensor, a flame sensor and a water level sensor.

[0047] The execution logic of the temperature and humidity sensor is:

[0048] Drive the temperature and humidity sensor to initialize, and configure the data pin and communication interface of the temperature and humidity sensor;

[0049] Set the sampling period to 30s, perform self-calibration before data collection, obtain substation temperature and humidity data based on the dual measurement mechanism, and perform format verification on the substation temperature and humidity data. If the data format is wrong, re-acquire the substation temperature and humidity data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0050] Determine whether the substation temperature and humidity data exceeds the preset threshold. If it exceeds the threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is issued, and the processed substation temperature and humidity data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the threshold, the processed substation temperature and humidity data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0051] During implementation, DHT11 will start to test the ambient temperature and humidity data after power-on, and record the data. The data line of DHT11 is pulled up by the pull-up resistor and remains at a high level. At this time, the data pin of DHT11 is in the input state, and the external signal is detected at all times; then the host sends a signal first, and the slave returns a corresponding signal to respond, and then the signal line is pulled high to prepare for receiving data; after the data pin of DHT11 outputs 40 bits of data, it continues to output a low level for 50 microseconds and then switches to the input state, and the pull-up resistor becomes a high level. DHT11 re-detects the ambient temperature and humidity data internally, waiting for the arrival of external signals.

[0052] The execution logic of the smoke sensor is:

[0053] Drive the smoke sensor to initialize;

[0054] Execute the preheating program for a set duration, obtain the substation smoke data, and perform format verification on the substation smoke data. If the data format is incorrect, re-acquire the substation smoke data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0055] Determine whether the substation smoke data exceeds the preset concentration threshold. If it exceeds the concentration threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation smoke data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the concentration threshold, the processed substation smoke data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0056] In the implementation, the voltage of the 4th and 6th pins of the mq2 sensor is the output signal, and Rs is the body resistance of the sensor. If the smoke concentration increases, Rs will decrease, and the decrease of Rs will increase the voltage of the 4th and 6th pins of mq2 to the ground. Therefore, as long as the smoke concentration increases, the output voltage will also increase, and finally the converted value will increase. Therefore, this embodiment can complete the acquisition of smoke signals through the ADC0832 acquisition function.

[0057] The execution logic of the gas sensor is:

[0058] Drive gas sensor initialization;

[0059] Obtain substation gas data and perform format verification on the substation gas data. If the data format is incorrect, re-obtain the substation gas data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0060] Determine whether the substation gas data exceeds the preset gas concentration threshold. If it exceeds the gas concentration threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation gas data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the gas concentration threshold, the processed substation gas data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0061] In practice, the gas sensor in this embodiment uses the mq4 gas sensor. The mq4 is similar to the mq2, and the main difference is that the detection objects are different. The mq2 mainly detects smoke, and the mq4 mainly detects natural gas and other gases. The mq4 sensor can detect the gas concentration in the surrounding environment and then convert it into an electrical signal; the esp32 main control receives the electrical signal of the mq4 sensor and amplifies the electrical signal to a suitable level through its built-in amplifier; the esp32 performs data processing and analysis on the electrical signal amplified by the amplifier, and then determines the concentration and type of the gas; according to the relevant detection results of the gas, the esp32 main control will transmit the results to the display screen.

[0062] The execution logic of the flame sensor is:

[0063] Drive flame sensor initialization;

[0064] Obtain the flame detection data of the substation and perform format verification on the flame detection data of the substation. If the data format is wrong, re-obtain the flame detection data of the substation; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0065] Determine whether a flame signal is detected. If a flame is detected, immediately trigger the first priority alarm and transmit the processed substation flame detection data to the display unit; if no flame is detected, transmit the processed substation flame detection data to the display unit.

[0066] In practice, the flame sensor used in this embodiment has a smaller output voltage as the flame intensity is greater, and correspondingly, a larger output voltage as the flame intensity is smaller, which is an inversely proportional relationship. This embodiment mainly performs relevant comparison and judgment by detecting the specific wavelength emitted by the flame.

[0067] The execution logic of the water level sensor is:

[0068] Drive water level sensor initialization;

[0069] Obtain the substation water level detection data and perform format verification on the substation water level detection data. If the data format is wrong, re-obtain the substation water level detection data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing;

[0070] Determine whether the water level exceeds the preset warning line. If it exceeds the warning line, the second priority alarm is triggered immediately, and the processed substation water level detection data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the warning line, the processed substation water level detection data is transmitted to the display unit.

[0071] In practice, the exposed parallel conductors of the water level sensor act together as a variable resistor, whose resistance changes according to the change in water level, and the change in resistance corresponds to the change in distance from the top of the sensor to the water surface. The resistance is inversely proportional to the height of the water. The more water the sensor is exposed to, the better the conductivity, the smaller the resistance, and the larger the connected current. The less water the sensor is immersed in, the worse the conductivity, the larger the resistance, and the smaller the connected current. Therefore, the water level sensor will generate an output voltage based on the size of the resistance, and the height of the water level can be determined through relevant measurements.

[0072] In the specific application of this embodiment, the main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, which is specifically:

[0073] The main control unit establishes a data receiving buffer, receives real-time data from temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, gas sensors, flame sensors, and water level sensors, and timestamps all received sensor data;

[0074] Calculate the standardized value of each sensor data, set the corresponding weight coefficient, and establish a comprehensive evaluation index;

[0075] Establish a multi-sensor data correlation analysis model, calculate the standardized value of each sensor data, and determine the weight coefficient corresponding to each sensor based on the hierarchical analysis method to solve the comprehensive risk index. At the same time, analyze the change trend and correlation of each sensor data, and solve the comprehensive risk value in combination with the comprehensive risk index;

[0076] The control logic of the alarm unit is executed according to the comprehensive risk value.

[0077] During implementation, the main control unit first standardizes temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, gas concentration, flame intensity and water level using the formula X min and X max The historical minimum and maximum values ​​of each sensor data are respectively used. Then, the weight of each sensor is determined based on the hierarchical analysis method. The weight of the flame sensor is set to w1 = 0.3, the weight of the smoke sensor is set to w2 = 0.25, the weight of the gas sensor is set to w3 = 0.2, the weight of the temperature and humidity sensor is set to w4 = 0.15, and the weight of the water level sensor is set to w5 = 0.1. Then, the comprehensive risk index is calculated. Among them, R is the comprehensive risk index, w i is the weight of each sensor, X i The sensor data is standardized, and then the data change trend of each sensor is analyzed And calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between each sensor data And based on μ±3σ, outlier detection is performed to complete the establishment of a multi-sensor data association analysis model Among them, α is the static risk weight, β is the dynamic change weight, and γ is the correlation weight. total >0.8 triggers the first priority alarm, and 0.6 <Risk total ≤0.8 triggers the second priority alarm, and 0.4 <Risk total ≤0.6, triggering the third priority alarm, where the first priority is greater than the second priority, which is greater than the third priority.

[0078] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The substation intelligent monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer is characterized by: include: A main control unit, a monitoring unit, an alarm unit and a display unit; the monitoring unit, the alarm unit and the display unit are respectively connected to the main control unit, and the monitoring unit is composed of various sensors; Initialize the main control unit; Start all sensor modules in the monitoring unit to obtain substation monitoring data; configuring a display configuration of a display unit; The main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, executes the control logic of the alarm unit based on the analysis results, and displays the substation monitoring data in real time through the display unit to complete the intelligent monitoring and alarm of the substation.

2. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes: a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, a gas sensor, a flame sensor and a water level sensor.

3. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The execution logic of the temperature and humidity sensor is: Drive the temperature and humidity sensor to initialize, and configure the data pin and communication interface of the temperature and humidity sensor; Set the sampling period to 30s, perform self-calibration before data collection, obtain substation temperature and humidity data based on the dual measurement mechanism, and perform format verification on the substation temperature and humidity data. If the data format is wrong, re-acquire the substation temperature and humidity data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing; Determine whether the substation temperature and humidity data exceeds a preset threshold. If so, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation temperature and humidity data is transmitted to the display unit; If the threshold is not exceeded, the processed substation temperature and humidity data are transmitted to the display unit.

4. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The execution logic of the smoke sensor is: Drive the smoke sensor to initialize; Execute the preheating program for a set duration, obtain the substation smoke data, and perform format verification on the substation smoke data. If the data format is incorrect, re-acquire the substation smoke data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing; Determine whether the substation smoke data exceeds the preset concentration threshold. If it exceeds the concentration threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation smoke data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the concentration threshold, the processed substation smoke data is transmitted to the display unit.

5. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The execution logic of the gas sensor is: Drive gas sensor initialization; Obtain substation gas data and perform format verification on the substation gas data. If the data format is incorrect, re-obtain the substation gas data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing; Determine whether the substation gas data exceeds the preset gas concentration threshold. If it exceeds the gas concentration threshold, the alarm unit is triggered and an alarm is sounded, and the processed substation gas data is transmitted to the display unit; if it does not exceed the gas concentration threshold, the processed substation gas data is transmitted to the display unit.

6. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The execution logic of the flame sensor is: Drive flame sensor initialization; Obtain the flame detection data of the substation and perform format verification on the flame detection data of the substation. If the data format is wrong, re-obtain the flame detection data of the substation; if the data format is correct, perform data processing; Determine whether a flame signal is detected. If a flame is detected, immediately trigger the first priority alarm and transmit the processed substation flame detection data to the display unit; if no flame is detected, transmit the processed substation flame detection data to the display unit.

7. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The execution logic of the water level sensor is: Drive water level sensor initialization; Obtain the substation water level detection data and perform format verification on the substation water level detection data. If the data format is wrong, re-obtain the substation water level detection data; if the data format is correct, perform data processing; Determine whether the water level exceeds the preset warning line. If it exceeds the warning line, immediately trigger the second priority alarm and transmit the processed substation water level detection data to the display unit; If the warning line is not exceeded, the processed substation water level detection data will be transmitted to the display unit.

8. The single chip microcomputer-based intelligent monitoring system for substations according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The main control unit processes and analyzes the substation monitoring data, which is specifically: The main control unit establishes a data receiving buffer, receives real-time data from temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, gas sensors, flame sensors, and water level sensors, and timestamps all received sensor data; Calculate the standardized value of each sensor data, set the corresponding weight coefficient, and establish a comprehensive evaluation index; Establish a multi-sensor data correlation analysis model, calculate the standardized value of each sensor data, and determine the weight coefficient corresponding to each sensor based on the hierarchical analysis method to solve the comprehensive risk index. At the same time, analyze the change trend and correlation of each sensor data, and solve the comprehensive risk value in combination with the comprehensive risk index; The control logic of the alarm unit is executed according to the comprehensive risk value.

Images