Construction site safety evaluation method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction site safety evaluation method and system, and relates to the technical field of construction site safety management. According to the construction site safety evaluation method, when a high-rise building is constructed, construction equipment data and construction environment data of a to-be-evaluated construction site are obtained in real time, data analysis is carried out respectively, and a construction equipment reliability evaluation index and a construction environment risk evaluation index are obtained; meanwhile, construction image data are obtained, image analysis is carried out, a construction behavior compliance index is obtained, comprehensive analysis is carried out in combination with a construction equipment reliability evaluation index and a construction environment risk evaluation index, and a construction safety evaluation index is obtained; compared with the prior art, the construction safety evaluation index and the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold value are compared and analyzed, and the corresponding construction management measures are taken based on the comparison and analysis result, so that the synergistic effect of the multi-dimensional data is comprehensively evaluated, and the safety of the construction site is accurately evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction site safety management, and in particular to a construction site safety evaluation method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for high-rise building construction is increasing, especially in large cities, where more and more high-rise buildings have become part of the urban landscape. The construction of high-rise buildings, due to its large scale, high complexity, and the many construction technologies and processes involved, poses a huge challenge to safety management during the construction process. Safety management of construction sites has always been a key issue in the field of construction. Especially in the construction of high-rise buildings, the interaction of multiple factors such as construction equipment, environment, and personnel leads to the complexity and diversity of safety risks at the construction site. How to ensure the safety of the construction site and prevent and reduce accidents has become an urgent problem to be solved in the construction industry.

[0003] Prior art, such as a construction site safety monitoring system and method based on big data disclosed in a patent application with announcement number: CN114997682B, the system includes: a data acquisition module for collecting construction data at the construction site and classifying it; a data analysis module for detecting abnormalities in the classified construction data; an alarm module for determining the alarm type based on abnormal items and performing alarm operations; a safety analysis module for determining the actual construction action information at the construction site based on abnormal construction data; a safety assessment module for determining the difference between the actual construction action information and the standard construction action information; a responsibility tracing module for obtaining key event information of abnormal items, determining the target responsible party and determining the degree of accident responsibility of the target responsible party based on the difference. Strict safety monitoring of the construction site is achieved, and when abnormal situations occur, corresponding alarm operations are performed in a timely manner, so as to facilitate timely measures to reduce the incidence of accidents and ensure safe and reliable operation of the construction site.

[0004] Based on the above solution, it is found that the limitations of the existing technology include at least the following problems: the existing technology does not fully consider the synergistic effect of construction equipment, construction environment and construction behavior, which easily leads to the lack of assessment of the coupling effect of multi-source risks in complex construction scenarios, such as in high-rise building construction sites, and it is easy to ignore the cumulative effect of multi-dimensional factors, making it difficult to accurately reflect the actual safety of the construction site, thereby affecting the timeliness and accuracy of decision-making. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a construction site safety evaluation method and system, which solves the problem that the prior art has difficulty in accurately reflecting the actual safety of the construction site due to the synergistic effects of construction equipment, construction environment and construction behavior at the construction site of a high-rise building.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a construction site safety evaluation method, comprising the following steps: real-time acquisition of construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated, and data analysis respectively, to obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and construction environment risk evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; at the same time, the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated is acquired, and image analysis is performed to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated, and a comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index to obtain the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated. The specific formula is as follows: ;in, , , , They are the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated, the reliability evaluation index of construction equipment, the construction environment risk evaluation index, and the construction behavior compliance index. , , , , , , They are the reliability coefficient, reliability adjustment coefficient, risk coefficient, risk adjustment coefficient, compliance coefficient, compliance adjustment coefficient, and interaction coefficient stored in the database. ; Compare and analyze the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated with the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, and take corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results.

[0007] Furthermore, the construction equipment data includes equipment operation index, equipment load index, equipment failure index, tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value, and tower crane arm height ratio; the construction environment data includes climate impact factors, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value; the construction image data specifically includes the pixel value, two-dimensional coordinates, and corresponding depth information value of each pixel point.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the reliability evaluation index of construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: comprehensively analyze the equipment operation index, equipment load index and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the equipment stability index of the construction site to be evaluated; obtain the tower crane foundation settlement reference value, tower crane inclination reference value, tower crane load moment reference value and tower crane arm height ratio reference value of the construction site to be evaluated, and conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value and tower crane arm height ratio to obtain the tower crane stability index of the construction site to be evaluated, and conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the equipment stability index to obtain the reliability evaluation index of construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific formulas for calculating the equipment robustness index, tower crane operation steady-state index, and construction equipment reliability evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: ;in, is the equipment robustness index of the construction site to be evaluated, , , They are the equipment operation index, equipment load index, and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated. , , They are the operation coefficient, load coefficient, and failure coefficient stored in the database. , , , , , , , , , They are the tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated, tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane foundation settlement reference value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane inclination reference value, tower crane load moment value, tower crane load moment reference value, tower crane arm height ratio, and tower crane arm height ratio reference value. , , , , They are the settlement adjustment coefficient, inclination adjustment coefficient, moment adjustment coefficient, boom height ratio adjustment coefficient, and superposition coefficient stored in the database. is the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated, , They are the equipment robustness coefficient and tower crane operation steady-state coefficient stored in the database. , is a natural constant.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: normalizing the climate impact factor, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated; and performing a comprehensive analysis based on the normalized climate impact factor, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: input the pixel value and two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point of the construction site to be evaluated into a pre-trained posture model for recognition and analysis, and obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated, and perform a comprehensive analysis based on the two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point and the corresponding depth information value to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated; perform a comprehensive analysis on the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated, and obtain the shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated; obtain the shoulder joint angle of the construction site to be evaluated. Reference value, forearm angle reference value, knee angle reference value, and combined with the shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each operator for comprehensive analysis to obtain the extension and flexion index of the construction site to be evaluated; and a weighted analysis is performed on the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each operator at the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass of each operator at the construction site to be evaluated; and based on the Euclidean distance method, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass of each operator at the construction site to be evaluated and the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point to obtain the posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated; a comprehensive analysis is performed on the extension and flexion index and the posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated.

[0012] Furthermore, the posture model is specifically a posture estimation model, and the posture estimation model includes an input layer, several convolution layers, a pooling layer, a key point detection layer, a component association field layer, and a separation matching output layer. The specific steps of obtaining the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: in the input layer of the posture estimation model, the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated is received and preprocessed; in the convolution layer of the posture estimation model, the preprocessed construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated is subjected to feature extraction processing to obtain a feature map of the construction site to be evaluated; in the pooling layer of the posture estimation model, the feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is obtained. The image is down-sampled to obtain a reduced-dimensional feature map of the construction site to be evaluated; in the key point detection layer of the posture estimation model, the reduced-dimensional feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is detected and processed to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of the construction site to be evaluated; in the component association field layer of the posture estimation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of the construction site to be evaluated are associated to obtain several posture key vectors of the construction site to be evaluated; in the separation matching output layer of the posture estimation model, each posture key vector of the construction site to be evaluated is separated and matched to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific formulas for calculating the extension-bending index and the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: ;in, is the extension-bending index of the construction site to be evaluated, , , They are the reference values ​​of the shoulder joint angle, forearm angle, and knee angle of the construction site to be evaluated. , , The construction sites to be evaluated are The shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each operator, , , , , , The following are the shoulder joint adjustment coefficient, shoulder joint coefficient, forearm adjustment coefficient, forearm coefficient, knee adjustment coefficient, and knee coefficient stored in the database. , is a natural constant, , They are the construction behavior compliance index and posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated. , They are the stretch coefficient and offset coefficient stored in the database, , , The number of operators.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps for taking corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results are as follows: if the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is lower than the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, take the first construction management measure; if the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is not lower than the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, take the second construction management measure.

[0015] A construction site safety evaluation system comprises: a data acquisition module for acquiring in real time the construction equipment data and the construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated; a data analysis module for performing data analysis on the construction equipment data and the construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated, respectively, to obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; a comprehensive analysis module for simultaneously acquiring the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated, and performing image analysis to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated, and performing comprehensive analysis in combination with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index to obtain the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; a construction safety management module for comparing and analyzing the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated with a preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, and taking corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The construction site safety evaluation method acquires construction equipment data, construction environment data and construction image data in real time, thereby monitoring the dynamic changes of construction site safety in real time, and then accurately evaluating the safety of the construction site, so as to timely discover potential safety hazards at the construction site, thereby reducing the probability of accidents. For example, during the construction of a high-rise building, environmental data analysis reveals that there is a high wind speed at the construction site, and construction equipment data reflects that the lifting equipment is overloaded, so as to remind construction personnel to adjust their work plans and avoid accidents caused by equipment overload.

[0017] (2) This construction site safety evaluation method conducts a multi-dimensional analysis by combining the reliability of construction equipment, construction environment risks, and construction behavior compliance to derive a comprehensive construction safety evaluation index, thereby avoiding the excessive impact of a single factor on the safety evaluation results, and ensuring that safety management decisions are more scientific. For example, if serious particulate matter pollution is found, even if the equipment itself is in good condition, the risks of the construction environment are still likely to affect the health of workers. A comprehensive assessment can be made to better protect the safety of workers.

[0018] (3) The construction site safety evaluation method compares the construction safety evaluation index with the preset threshold value, thereby automatically triggering corresponding management measures based on the comparison results, thereby helping to take preventive measures in advance to avoid accidents. For example, during a construction process, a problem occurs with the construction equipment, and the safety evaluation index of the construction site is close to the set threshold value. In this way, it is automatically recommended to stop work and carry out equipment maintenance, so as to prevent safety accidents caused by equipment failure.

[0019] (4) The construction site safety evaluation system collects and analyzes various types of data on the construction site in real time, thereby providing clear and detailed data records and analysis reports for the safety management of the construction site, thereby enhancing the transparency and traceability of management. All construction equipment data, environmental data and construction image data are continuously collected and analyzed to ensure that every decision in the construction process is supported by data and the basis of each safety evaluation can be traced, which improves the efficiency of construction site safety management and effectively reduces safety hazards caused by management loopholes.

[0020] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a construction site safety assessment method.

[0022] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of the steps of obtaining a construction equipment reliability evaluation index of a construction site to be evaluated in a construction site safety evaluation method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 The present invention is a block diagram of a construction site safety evaluation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a construction site safety evaluation method, comprising the following steps: when constructing a high-rise building, obtaining the construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated in real time, and performing data analysis respectively to obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and construction environment risk evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; at the same time, obtaining the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated, and performing image analysis to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated, and performing comprehensive analysis in combination with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index to obtain the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated. The specific formula is as follows: ;in, is the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated, is the reliability coefficient stored in the database, is the reliable adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the risk factor stored in the database, is the risk adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated. is the compliance coefficient stored in the database, is the compliance adjustment factor stored in the database, is the interaction coefficient stored in the database, ; Compare and analyze the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated with the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, and take corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results.

[0025] It should be explained that the formula This item is used to adjust the superposition effect of the construction equipment reliability evaluation index, construction environment risk evaluation index, and construction behavior compliance index to avoid the construction safety evaluation index being too high or too low.

[0026] , , It can be obtained through the following steps: read the construction equipment reliability evaluation index, construction environment risk evaluation index, and construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform sum analysis to obtain the safety evaluation value, and perform proportion analysis on the construction equipment reliability evaluation index, construction environment risk evaluation index, and construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated with the safety evaluation value, and use the proportion analysis results as the corresponding coefficients.

[0027] , , , It can be obtained through the following steps: using historical data, combined with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index, construction environment risk evaluation index, and construction behavior compliance index, statistical regression analysis is carried out to quantify the specific impact of each factor on the construction safety evaluation index, so as to fit the initial weight value. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis method is used to adjust the value range of each coefficient, observe its impact on the construction safety assessment results, ensure the stability and rationality of the model, and based on the characteristics of the building and the actual situation, the preliminary fitting coefficients are corrected and optimized to finally determine the coefficient value applicable to the specific building.

[0028] And the risk factor stored in the database , reliability adjustment coefficient , Compliance Adjustment Factor Both are not 0.

[0029] Construction equipment data include equipment operation index, equipment load index, equipment failure index, tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value, and tower crane arm height ratio. Construction environment data include climate impact factors, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value. Construction image data specifically includes the pixel value, two-dimensional coordinates, and corresponding depth information value of each pixel point.

[0030] Among them, the equipment operation index is used to measure the basic operating status of the construction equipment. It can be obtained by obtaining the oil pressure (hydraulic system, obtained by oil pressure sensor), hydraulic pressure (obtained by pressure sensor), engine temperature (temperature sensor), equipment speed (Hall sensor), current (current sensor) and oil pressure reference value, hydraulic pressure reference value, engine temperature reference value, equipment speed reference value, and current reference value of each construction equipment (obtained from the technical specifications of the equipment stored in the database), and performing ratio analysis (such as: oil pressure / oil pressure reference value) respectively, and performing weighted averaging processing based on the ratio analysis results (that is, weighted processing first and then averaging processing), and the result is the equipment operation index.

[0031] The equipment load index is a measure of the load condition of construction equipment during operation. It can be obtained by obtaining the output power (obtained through a power meter) and the rated power (obtained from the equipment technical specifications stored in the database) of each construction equipment, and performing ratio analysis. The average processing is performed based on the ratio analysis results, and the result obtained is the equipment load index.

[0032] The equipment failure index is used to assess the failure risk of construction equipment. By obtaining the cumulative operating time (obtained from the equipment operation record log stored in the database), the maximum service life (obtained from the equipment technical specification stored in the database), and the number of maintenance times (obtained from the equipment service log stored in the database) of each construction equipment, a ratio analysis is performed on the operating time and the maximum service life. The ratio analysis result and the number of maintenance times are normalized, and weighted processing is performed based on the normalization result. Then, average processing is performed, and the result is the equipment failure index.

[0033] The tower crane foundation settlement value is the vertical displacement of the tower crane foundation due to factors such as weight and load during operation, which can be obtained through a settlement sensor.

[0034] The tower crane tilt value is the degree of deviation of the tower crane from the vertical state, which can be obtained by the tilt sensor.

[0035] The load moment of the tower crane is the moment generated between the lifting load of the tower crane and the base of the tower crane, that is, the load moment of the tower crane = boom length (obtained by the displacement sensor) * load weight (obtained by the load sensor).

[0036] The tower crane boom height ratio is the ratio of the tower crane's boom length to its height, that is, tower crane boom height ratio = boom length / height (obtained by total station measurement).

[0037] The climate impact factor is a comprehensive indicator to measure the impact of climate conditions on the construction site. It can be obtained through the following steps: obtain the temperature value (obtained by temperature sensor), relative humidity value (obtained by humidity sensor), wind speed (obtained by wind speed sensor), and atmospheric pressure value (obtained by pressure sensor) at the construction site, and obtain the corresponding reference values ​​(such as temperature reference value, etc.), and perform difference analysis respectively to obtain the temperature difference, humidity difference, and atmospheric pressure difference, and perform standardization in combination with the wind speed value, and perform weighted analysis based on the standardized processing result. The result obtained is the parameter.

[0038] The particulate matter index is an indicator to measure the degree of particulate matter pollution in the air. The PM2.5 concentration value and PM10 concentration value in the air of multiple monitoring points in the construction site are obtained, weighted, and averaged based on the weighted processing results. The result is the particulate matter index. The PM2.5 concentration value and PM10 concentration value can both be obtained through air quality monitors.

[0039] The visibility value is a measure of atmospheric transparency, that is, how far the human eye can clearly see, which can easily affect the work efficiency and safety of the construction site, especially when working at heights. It is obtained by a lidar sensor (which uses a laser beam to measure the scattering of suspended particles in the air and then calculates visibility).

[0040] The soil bearing index is a measure of the soil's ability to bear the weight of buildings. It obtains the soil's moisture, bearing capacity and porosity, performs standardization, and performs weighted processing based on the standardized results. The result is the soil bearing index.

[0041] The soil compaction value is a measure of the density of the soil after compaction, and is obtained through a soil compaction testing instrument (such as a compactor).

[0042] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps for obtaining the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: standardize the equipment operation index, equipment load index and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated (i.e., remove the unit); conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the standardized equipment operation index, equipment load index and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the equipment robustness index of the construction site to be evaluated; obtain the reference value of the tower crane foundation settlement, the reference value of the tower crane inclination, the reference value of the tower crane load moment and the reference value of the tower crane arm height ratio of the construction site to be evaluated, and conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the tower crane foundation settlement value, the tower crane inclination value, the tower crane load moment value and the tower crane arm height ratio to obtain the tower crane stability index of the construction site to be evaluated, and conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the equipment robustness index to obtain the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated.

[0043] The specific formulas for calculating the equipment robustness index, tower crane operation steady-state index, and construction equipment reliability evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: ;in, is the equipment robustness index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the equipment operation index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the operating coefficient stored in the database, is the equipment load index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the load factor stored in the database, is the equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the failure coefficient stored in the database, , is the tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the tower crane foundation settlement value of the construction site to be evaluated, is the reference value of the tower crane foundation settlement at the construction site to be evaluated, is the settlement adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the inclination value of the tower crane at the construction site to be evaluated, is the reference value of the tower crane inclination at the construction site to be evaluated, is the tilt adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the load moment of the tower crane at the construction site to be evaluated, is the reference value of the tower crane load moment at the construction site to be evaluated, is the load moment adjustment factor stored in the database, is the tower crane boom height ratio of the construction site to be evaluated, is the reference value of the tower crane boom height ratio at the construction site to be evaluated, is the arm height ratio adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the superposition coefficient stored in the database, is the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated, is the equipment robustness coefficient stored in the database, is the tower crane operation steady-state coefficient stored in the database, , is a natural constant and in this embodiment takes a value of 2.71.

[0044] It needs to be explained that , , It can be obtained through the following steps: read the equipment operation index, equipment load index, and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform sum analysis to obtain a robust sum value; perform a proportion analysis on the equipment operation index, equipment load index, and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated and the robust sum value respectively, and use the proportion analysis results as the corresponding coefficients.

[0045] , , , , It can be obtained through the following steps: using historical data, combined with the tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value, tower crane arm height ratio, statistical regression analysis is carried out to quantify the specific influence of each factor on the tower crane stability index, so as to fit the initial weight value; secondly, using the sensitivity analysis method, adjust the value range of each coefficient, observe its influence on the tower crane stability evaluation result, ensure the stability and rationality of the model; based on the characteristics of the tower crane, correct and optimize the preliminary fitting coefficients, and finally determine the coefficient value suitable for the specific tower crane.

[0046] , It can be obtained through the following steps: read the equipment robustness index and tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated, perform sum analysis to obtain the reliable sum value, and perform proportion analysis on the equipment robustness index and tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated and the reliable sum value respectively, and use the proportion results as the corresponding coefficients.

[0047] The specific implementation example of calculating the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated is as follows. The following data are available: equipment operation index, equipment load index, equipment failure index, tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value, tower crane arm height ratio. The specific data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2: Table 1 Example of construction equipment data for the construction site to be evaluated

[0048] Table 2 Examples of tower crane reference data for construction sites to be evaluated

[0049] Operation coefficients stored in the database Approximately: 0.30.

[0050] Load factors stored in the database Approximately: 0.43.

[0051] Failure coefficients stored in the database Approximately: 0.27.

[0052] Settlement adjustment factors stored in the database Approximately: 0.57.

[0053] Tilt adjustment coefficients stored in the database Approximately: 0.48.

[0054] Load moment adjustment factors stored in the database Approximately: 0.62.

[0055] Boom height ratio adjustment factor stored in the database Approximately: 0.42.

[0056] Overlay coefficients stored in the database Approximately: 0.34.

[0057] Substituting the above coefficients and the data in Table 1 and Table 2 into the specific formulas for calculating the equipment robustness index and tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated, we obtain: The equipment robustness index of the construction site to be evaluated = 1 / (0.30×0.62+0.43×0.90+0.27×√0.56)≈1.29.

[0058] The steady-state index of the tower crane operation at the construction site to be evaluated = ln (1 + (2.56 / 3.00) 0.57 ×(1.20 / 1.50) 0.48 ×(1126.00 / 1000) 0.62 ×(0.58 / 0.50) 0.42 ) 0.34 )≈0.70.

[0059] Equipment robustness coefficients stored in the database Approximately: 0.65.

[0060] The steady-state coefficient of tower crane operation stored in the database Approximately: 0.35.

[0061] Substitute the above coefficients and the equipment robustness index and tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated into the specific formula for calculating the construction equipment reliability evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated, and obtain: The reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated = arctan ((0.65×1.29+2.71 0.68 ) / (2.71-1))≈1.05.

[0062] In this implementation scheme, the equipment operation index, load index and fault index are standardized and analyzed in combination with the tower crane stability index, so as to provide an accurate evaluation for the robustness and stability of the basic equipment and tower crane, so as to more accurately reflect the actual working status and potential risks of the equipment and tower crane. For example, by comprehensively analyzing multiple factors such as tower crane foundation settlement, inclination, load moment and arm height ratio, potential equipment failures or tower crane instability problems can be discovered in time, and measures can be taken to avoid accidents. Secondly, by combining the evaluation index of equipment and tower crane with historical data for regression analysis, the specific degree of influence of each factor on safety can be identified, and then the influence of each factor on the stability of equipment and tower crane can be quantified. Finally, the value range of each coefficient is adjusted through sensitivity analysis to ensure the stability and rationality of the model, so as to adaptively adjust the weight of each indicator according to the changes in the specific construction site and the characteristics of different tower cranes, and optimize the evaluation process.

[0063] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: normalize the climate impact factor, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated (i.e., remove the unit); conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the normalized climate impact factor, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated.

[0064] Among them, the specific formula for calculating the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated is as follows: ;in, is the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the climate impact factor of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the climate coefficient stored in the database, is the particle index of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization. is the particle factor stored in the database, is the visibility value of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the visibility coefficient stored in the database, is the soil bearing index of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the load factor stored in the database, is the soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the compaction coefficient stored in the database, is the environmental overlay coefficient stored in the database.

[0065] It should be explained that the formula This item is used to adjust the superposition effect of climate impact factors, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value to avoid the construction environment risk assessment index being too high or too low.

[0066] , , , , , It can be obtained through the following steps: Based on historical data, determine the initial impact weight of each variable on the construction environment risk assessment index through statistical regression analysis, then use the sensitivity analysis method to adjust the value range of the coefficient to evaluate the stability and applicability of these parameters to the formula output, and then further fit the weights through model optimization (such as machine learning algorithms) to ensure that the formula can accurately reflect the risk status of the actual construction environment.

[0067] In this implementation plan, based on normalization processing, it is ensured that various indicators are compared and comprehensively analyzed under the same dimension, thereby reducing the calculation error caused by unit differences, and the initial impact weight of each variable on environmental risk is determined through regression analysis, so as to accurately evaluate the contribution of various factors to construction environmental risk, and then avoid the excessive influence of a single factor on the risk assessment results. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis method is used to adjust the value range of each coefficient, so as to enhance the stability and applicability of environmental risk assessment. Finally, through further model optimization, such as machine learning algorithm, the weight is dynamically adjusted according to the actual construction environment data, so as to ensure that the construction environmental risk assessment formula can accurately reflect the changes in environmental risks.

[0068] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: input the pixel value and two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point at the construction site to be evaluated into a pre-trained posture model for recognition and analysis, and obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated (including but not limited to: left hip, left knee, left ankle, left shoulder, left elbow, left wrist, right hip, right knee, right ankle, right shoulder, right elbow, right wrist, etc.), and perform a comprehensive analysis in combination with the two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point and the corresponding depth information value (i.e., match the two-dimensional coordinates of the posture key point with the two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point to obtain the pixel point corresponding to the posture key point, and perform coordinate conversion processing on the two-dimensional coordinates of the posture key point in combination with the depth information value of the corresponding pixel point), and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated; perform a comprehensive analysis on the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated, and obtain the posture key point of the construction site to be evaluated. Evaluate the shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each worker at the construction site; obtain the shoulder joint angle reference value, forearm angle reference value, and knee angle reference value of the construction site to be evaluated, and conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each worker to obtain the extension and flexion index of the construction site to be evaluated; and perform a weighted analysis on the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated; and conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the Euclidean distance formula on the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated and the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point (i.e., calculate the distance between the center of mass and each posture key point based on the Euclidean distance formula, and perform mean processing), to obtain the posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated; conduct a comprehensive analysis on the extension and flexion index and the posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated.

[0069] Among them, the shoulder joint angle value of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated can be obtained through the following steps: read the three-dimensional coordinates of the left shoulder key point, left elbow key point, left wrist key point, right shoulder key point, right elbow key point, and right wrist key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated, and then perform a comprehensive analysis (i.e., vector angle calculation to obtain the left shoulder joint angle and right shoulder joint angle values, and perform weighted processing) to obtain the shoulder joint angle value.

[0070] The forearm angle values ​​(using the left elbow key point, left wrist key point, right elbow key point, right wrist key point) and knee angle values ​​(using the left hip key point, left knee key point, left ankle key point, right hip key point, right knee key point, right ankle key point) are consistent with the logic of obtaining the shoulder joint angle values.

[0071] The shoulder joint angle reference value is the maximum allowable shoulder joint angle value for swing, which is obtained by obtaining the maximum left shoulder joint angle and the maximum right shoulder joint angle allowed in the operating specifications and performing weighted processing, and the result is the shoulder joint angle reference value.

[0072] The logic for obtaining the forearm angle reference value, knee angle reference value and shoulder joint angle reference value is consistent.

[0073] The specific formula for calculating the extension-bending index and construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated is as follows: ;in, is the extension-bending index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the reference value of the shoulder joint angle at the construction site to be evaluated, The first The shoulder joint angle value of each operator, is the shoulder joint adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the shoulder joint coefficient stored in the database, is the reference value of the forearm angle of the construction site to be evaluated, The first The forearm angle value of each operator, is the forearm adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the forearm coefficient stored in the database, is the knee angle reference value of the construction site to be evaluated, The first The knee angle value of each operator, is the knee adjustment coefficient stored in the database, is the knee coefficient stored in the database, , is a natural constant, and in this implementation example, the value is 2.71. is the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated. is the stretch factor stored in the database, is the posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the offset coefficient stored in the database, , , The number of operators.

[0074] It needs to be explained that , , It can be obtained through the following steps: read the shoulder joint angle reference value, forearm angle reference value, and knee angle reference value of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform sum analysis to obtain the extension and bending value, and perform proportion analysis on the shoulder joint angle reference value, forearm angle reference value, and knee angle reference value with the extension and bending value respectively, and use the proportion results as the corresponding coefficients.

[0075] , , It can be obtained through the following steps: Based on historical data, the initial influence weight of each variable on the extension and flexion index is determined through statistical regression analysis. Then, the range of coefficients is adjusted using sensitivity analysis methods to evaluate the stability and applicability of these parameters to the formula output. Next, the weights are further fitted through model optimization (such as multi-objective optimization) to ensure that the formula can accurately reflect the actual extension and flexion state.

[0076] , It can be obtained through the following steps: read the stretch-bending index and posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform sum analysis to obtain the compliance value, and perform ratio analysis on the stretch-bending index and posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated and the compliance value respectively, and use the ratio analysis results as the corresponding coefficients.

[0077] In this implementation scheme, the two-dimensional coordinates and depth information of the operator are combined, converted into three-dimensional coordinates and the angles of key joints are calculated, so as to accurately monitor the posture of the operator and promptly discover potential safety hazards. For example, by evaluating the angles of the shoulder joint, forearm and knee, it is determined whether the operator is in a dangerous posture (such as excessive twisting of the shoulder, etc.). Secondly, by combining the three-dimensional coordinates and posture deviation index of various key points of the operator, the movements of each operator are analyzed in real time, so as to promptly discover posture deviation or irregular movements. Finally, by comprehensively analyzing the extension and flexion index and the posture deviation index, the compliance of the overall construction behavior is evaluated, and personalized feedback is provided, thereby improving the overall construction safety level.

[0078] Specifically, the posture model is a posture estimation model (i.e., OpenPose), and the posture estimation model includes an input layer, several convolution layers, a pooling layer, a key point detection layer, a component association field layer, and a separation matching output layer. The specific steps of obtaining the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: in the input layer of the posture estimation model, the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated (i.e., the pixel value and two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point) are received and preprocessed; in the convolution layer of the posture estimation model, the preprocessed construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated is subjected to feature extraction processing (i.e., the convolution layer is processed by A set of filters extracts features from the image, each filter can detect different low-level features, and through the stacking of multiple convolutional layers, higher-level features are captured), and the feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is obtained; in the pooling layer of the posture estimation model, the feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is downsampled (i.e., nonlinear transformation is first performed to obtain more complex features, and then maximum pooling operation is performed to reduce the spatial dimension of the feature map and retain the most significant feature information), and the reduced-dimensional feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is obtained; in the key point detection layer of the posture estimation model, the reduced-dimensional feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is detected (i.e., Gaussian marking key points are used to mark the key points). , each key point in the feature map will generate a corresponding heat map. The function of the heat map is to reflect the confidence of a specific key point at each position in the image. The generation method: the generation of the heat map can be calculated by a Gaussian function or a similar function. The confidence of the corresponding position in the heat map is marked based on the deviation value of the actual key point position, and the non-maximum suppression processing is performed through the heat map to eliminate the nearby non-maximum points, so as to ensure that we get the accurate maximum confidence point), and obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of the construction site to be evaluated; in the component association field layer of the posture estimation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of the construction site to be evaluated are Row association processing (i.e., for each pair of connected joints, such as the right shoulder and the right elbow, etc., a direction vector is established. Each pair of joints has a direction vector that describes their relative positional relationship in the image. The direction vector is calculated for each pair of joints, and the positions of these direction vectors are marked on the feature map of the image. A vector field is generated to describe the spatial relationship between each pair of joints in the image. Each vector contains the direction and strength information between the joints, which helps the network identify and connect each joint. Non-maximum suppression processing is performed to remove unimportant vectors and leave the vectors with the highest confidence), and several posture key vectors of the construction site to be evaluated are obtained;In the separation matching output layer of the posture estimation model, several posture key vectors of the construction site to be evaluated are separated and matched (i.e. instance separation, based on the posture key vector, the position relationship of each pair of joints is determined and attributed to the same human instance, key point matching, by analyzing the relative position of each joint and the pairing relationship with other joints, so as to match the correct entity, and combine the spatial information of multiple joints and parts to ensure that each human joint can form a coherent skeleton, and in the matching process, the non-maximum suppression method is used to eliminate repeated joint pairings to ensure that each joint is uniquely assigned to a human instance), and the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated are obtained. ;

[0079] Among them, the input layer is used to receive the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated.

[0080] The convolutional layer is used to extract features from the input image data.

[0081] The pooling layer is used to downsample the feature map, reduce the amount of computation and improve the robustness of the model.

[0082] The key point detection layer is used to detect the positions of key points of the human body on the feature map.

[0083] The component association field layer is used to model the spatial relationship between various parts of the human body.

[0084] The separation matching output layer is used to distinguish multiple human instances in the image, match the joints of each human body, and output the two-dimensional coordinates of each key point of each human body.

[0085] And the pre-training process of the posture model is as follows: Get an image dataset, that is, several groups of annotated pose images (each image is annotated with the two-dimensional coordinates of the pose key points).

[0086] Divide the dataset: Divide the image dataset into a training set and a validation set, usually in a ratio of 80%:20%.

[0087] Generate target heat map: For each key point, a heat map is generated using Gaussian distribution. The center of the heat map of each key point represents the true position of the key point. As the distance increases, the value of the heat map gradually decreases and the heat map is labeled.

[0088] Select a suitable CNN architecture to handle the task of human posture estimation, such as ResNet, Hourglass, HRNet and other network structures.

[0089] The loss function uses mean square error loss. The difference between the heat map prediction value and the true heat map is measured using MSE loss. For each key point, the mean square error between the predicted heat map and the true heat map is calculated.

[0090] Initialize the network: Use ImageNet to initialize the weights of the pre-trained model.

[0091] Forward propagation: The input image is forward propagated through CNN to generate a heat map for each key point.

[0092] Calculate loss: Calculate the loss value based on the mean squared error between the generated heatmap and the target heatmap.

[0093] Back propagation: Through the back propagation algorithm, the gradient is calculated and the network weights are updated.

[0094] Iterative training: Use batch data for multiple iterative training to continuously optimize the network weights so that the heat map predicted by the model is closer to the target heat map.

[0095] Optimizer selection: Use Adam optimizer to update weights.

[0096] Learning rate scheduling: Use the learning rate decay strategy to gradually reduce the learning rate as the number of training rounds increases.

[0097] Hyperparameter adjustment: Adjust hyperparameters such as batch size and learning rate based on the performance of the validation set.

[0098] Multiple rounds of training: Through multiple rounds of training, the model continuously updates its weights and gradually reduces the loss function value. After each round of training, the model performance is evaluated on the validation set to ensure that the model is not overfitted and maintains good performance under different postures and environmental conditions.

[0099] Validation set evaluation: After each round of training, the model is tested using the validation set.

[0100] Overfitting monitoring: Use early stopping techniques to prevent the model from overfitting on the training set.

[0101] In this implementation, an advanced posture estimation model is used to extract the key point coordinates of each worker with high precision, thereby ensuring the accurate capture of the key points of the worker's posture. Secondly, through automated image data processing and posture key point recognition, the worker's behavior can be monitored and analyzed in real time, reducing the time and cost of manual inspection and improving work efficiency. Finally, through instance separation and key point matching of the posture estimation model, multiple human instances can be distinguished and tracked in a complex construction site environment, thereby improving the overall safety level of the construction site.

[0102] Specifically, the specific steps for taking corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results are as follows: If the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is lower than the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, the first construction management measure is taken (i.e., identifying the abnormal index, and taking corresponding safety control measures respectively. The specific process is as follows: the construction equipment reliability evaluation index, construction environment risk evaluation index, and construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated are judged and analyzed with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index threshold, construction environment risk evaluation index threshold, and construction behavior compliance index threshold respectively; if the construction equipment reliability evaluation index is lower than the construction equipment reliability evaluation index threshold, the construction equipment reliability evaluation index is marked as an abnormal index, and a warning is issued to relevant personnel. At the same time, it is proposed to check the equipment status, arrange professional personnel to conduct equipment inspections, establish a regular equipment inspection system, and formulate detailed maintenance and inspection cycles according to the use of the equipment. Consider introducing spare equipment to reduce the impact of equipment failures on construction progress; if the construction environment If the risk assessment index is lower than the construction environment risk assessment index threshold, the construction environment risk assessment index will be marked as an abnormal index, and a warning will be issued to relevant personnel. At the same time, it is proposed to adjust the construction plan, such as postponing or suspending construction according to environmental risks, improving the construction environment, such as spraying dust reduction, setting up protective nets, etc., and strengthening personnel protection, such as providing appropriate protective equipment, dust masks, sunshade equipment, etc.; if the construction behavior compliance index threshold is lower than the construction behavior compliance index threshold, the construction behavior compliance index threshold is marked as an abnormal index, and a warning will be issued to relevant personnel. At the same time, it is proposed to strengthen the training of construction personnel to ensure that each operator is clear about the construction standards and safety requirements, and strengthen on-site supervision and inspection); if the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is not lower than the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, the second construction management measure will be taken (that is, it is proposed to the relevant personnel to continue normal construction, such as the construction process continues according to the predetermined plan, and the safety assessment results of the construction site are recorded to form a safety report).

[0103] In this implementation plan, the construction safety evaluation index is compared and analyzed with the preset threshold value to evaluate the safety risks of the construction site in real time, and targeted management measures are taken for different types of safety issues. For example, if the reliability index of the equipment is lower than the threshold, the relevant personnel are identified and warned to conduct equipment inspections to avoid potential safety hazards caused by equipment failure, thereby reducing the probability of accidents. By independently evaluating each safety indicator and taking corresponding measures based on the comparison results, it is ensured that management decisions can adapt to different changes at the construction site, thereby ensuring that construction safety is guaranteed in a changing site environment.

[0104] See also Figure 3The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a construction site safety evaluation system, comprising: a data acquisition module, used to acquire the construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated in real time when constructing a high-rise building; a data analysis module, used to perform data analysis on the construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated, respectively, to obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; a comprehensive analysis module, used to simultaneously acquire the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform image analysis to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform comprehensive analysis in combination with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index to obtain the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; a construction safety management module, used to compare and analyze the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated with a preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, and take corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results.

[0105] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0106] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A construction site safety assessment method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquire the construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated in real time, and analyze the data respectively to obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and construction environment risk evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; At the same time, the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated is obtained, and image analysis is performed to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated. A comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index to obtain the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated. The specific formula is as follows: ； in, , , , They are the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated, the reliability evaluation index of construction equipment, the construction environment risk evaluation index, and the construction behavior compliance index. , , , , , , They are the reliability coefficient, reliability adjustment coefficient, risk coefficient, risk adjustment coefficient, compliance coefficient, compliance adjustment coefficient, and interaction coefficient stored in the database. ; The construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is compared and analyzed with the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, and corresponding construction management measures are taken based on the comparison and analysis results.

2. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction equipment data includes equipment operation index, equipment load index, equipment failure index, tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value, and tower crane arm height ratio; the construction environment data includes climate impact factors, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value; the construction image data specifically includes the pixel value, two-dimensional coordinates and corresponding depth information value of each pixel point.

3. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the reliability evaluation index of construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: Comprehensively analyze the equipment operation index, equipment load index, and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the equipment robustness index of the construction site to be evaluated; The reference value of tower crane foundation settlement, tower crane inclination, tower crane load moment and tower crane boom height ratio of the construction site to be evaluated are obtained, and a comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with the tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane load moment value and tower crane boom height ratio to obtain the tower crane stability index of the construction site to be evaluated, and a comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with the equipment robustness index to obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated.

4. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific formulas for calculating the equipment robustness index, tower crane operation steady-state index, and construction equipment reliability evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: ； in, is the equipment robustness index of the construction site to be evaluated, , , They are the equipment operation index, equipment load index, and equipment failure index of the construction site to be evaluated. , , They are the operation coefficient, load coefficient, and failure coefficient stored in the database, respectively. , , , , , , , , , They are the tower crane operation steady-state index of the construction site to be evaluated, tower crane foundation settlement value, tower crane foundation settlement reference value, tower crane inclination value, tower crane inclination reference value, tower crane load moment value, tower crane load moment reference value, tower crane arm height ratio, and tower crane arm height ratio reference value. , , , , They are the settlement adjustment coefficient, inclination adjustment coefficient, moment adjustment coefficient, boom height ratio adjustment coefficient, and superposition coefficient stored in the database. is the reliability evaluation index of the construction equipment at the construction site to be evaluated, , They are the equipment robustness coefficient and tower crane operation steady-state coefficient stored in the database. , is a natural constant.

5. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps to obtain the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: Normalize the climate impact factor, particle index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated; Based on the normalized climate impact factor, particulate matter index, visibility value, soil bearing index, and soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated; Among them, the specific formula for calculating the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated is as follows: ;in, is the construction environment risk assessment index of the construction site to be evaluated, is the climate impact factor of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the climate coefficient stored in the database, is the particle index of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization. is the particle factor stored in the database, is the visibility value of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the visibility coefficient stored in the database, is the soil bearing index of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the load factor stored in the database, is the soil compaction value of the construction site to be evaluated after normalization, is the compaction coefficient stored in the database, is the environmental overlay coefficient stored in the database.

6. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: The pixel value and two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point of the construction site to be evaluated are input into the pre-trained posture model for recognition analysis to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated, and the two-dimensional coordinates of each pixel point and the corresponding depth information value are combined for comprehensive analysis to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated; Comprehensively analyze the three-dimensional coordinates of each key point of each posture of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated, and obtain the shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each worker at the construction site to be evaluated; Obtain the reference values ​​of the shoulder joint angle, forearm angle, and knee angle of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform a comprehensive analysis based on the shoulder joint angle, forearm angle, and knee angle of each operator to obtain the extension and flexion index of the construction site to be evaluated; And perform weighted analysis on the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point of each operator at the construction site to be evaluated, and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass of each operator at the construction site to be evaluated; Based on the Euclidean distance method, the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass of each operator at the construction site to be evaluated and the three-dimensional coordinates of each posture key point are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated; A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the extension-bending index and posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated.

7. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The posture model is specifically a posture estimation model, and the posture estimation model includes an input layer, several convolution layers, a pooling layer, a key point detection layer, a component association field layer, and a separation matching output layer. The specific steps of obtaining the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated are as follows: In the input layer of the posture estimation model, the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated is received and preprocessed; In the convolution layer of the posture estimation model, feature extraction is performed on the preprocessed construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated to obtain a feature map of the construction site to be evaluated; In the pooling layer of the posture estimation model, the feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is downsampled to obtain a reduced-dimensional feature map of the construction site to be evaluated; In the key point detection layer of the posture estimation model, the dimension reduction feature map of the construction site to be evaluated is detected and processed to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of the construction site to be evaluated; In the component association field layer of the attitude estimation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of each attitude key point of the construction site to be evaluated are associated to obtain several attitude key vectors of the construction site to be evaluated; In the separation matching output layer of the posture estimation model, each posture key vector of the construction site to be evaluated is subjected to separation matching processing to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of several posture key points of several workers at the construction site to be evaluated.

8. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific formula for calculating the extension-bending index and construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated is as follows: ； in, is the extension-bending index of the construction site to be evaluated, , , They are the reference values ​​of the shoulder joint angle, forearm angle, and knee angle of the construction site to be evaluated. , , The construction sites to be evaluated are The shoulder joint angle value, forearm angle value, and knee angle value of each operator, , , , , , The following are the shoulder joint adjustment coefficient, shoulder joint coefficient, forearm adjustment coefficient, forearm coefficient, knee adjustment coefficient, and knee coefficient stored in the database. , is a natural constant, , They are the construction behavior compliance index and posture deviation index of the construction site to be evaluated. , They are the stretch coefficient and offset coefficient stored in the database, , , The number of operators.

9. The construction site safety assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for taking corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results are as follows: If the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is lower than the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, the first construction management measure is taken; If the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated is not lower than the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, the second construction management measure is taken.

10. A construction site safety assessment system, using the construction site safety assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module is used to obtain the construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated in real time when constructing a high-rise building; A data analysis module is used to analyze the construction equipment data and construction environment data of the construction site to be evaluated, and obtain the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; The comprehensive analysis module is used to simultaneously obtain the construction image data of the construction site to be evaluated, and perform image analysis to obtain the construction behavior compliance index of the construction site to be evaluated, and to perform comprehensive analysis in combination with the construction equipment reliability evaluation index and the construction environment risk evaluation index to obtain the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated; The construction safety management module is used to compare and analyze the construction safety evaluation index of the construction site to be evaluated with the preset construction safety evaluation index threshold, and take corresponding construction management measures based on the comparison and analysis results.

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