Hydropower station diversion tunnel undercut damage monitoring and early warning device

Abstract

The invention relates to a monitoring and early warning device for undermining damage of a diversion tunnel of a hydropower station. The monitoring and early warning device comprises a slag collecting pool formed in a pressure tunnel. A rock penetrating signal transmitter is arranged in the slag collecting tank, and a bottom plate is arranged in the slag collecting tank through a supporting spring; the rock penetrating signal receiver is arranged outside the rock mass and is in wireless communication connection with the rock penetrating signal transmitter; the switch is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate and is used for triggering the rock penetrating signal transmitter; the bottom plate structure is adopted for monitoring and alarming the amount of sand in the slag collecting pool, and the rock-penetrating wireless communication technology is combined for transmitting an alarm signal, so that the problem that a wired device cannot be arranged on the pressure long diversion tunnel due to the particularity of the structure is solved. Over-limit information of the amount of sand and gravel deposited in the slag collecting pool is transmitted to the outside in time, the purpose of alarming the running state and disasters of the diversion tunnel is achieved, and equipment on the downstream side of the diversion tunnel can take disaster prevention measures in advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of real-time monitoring of the operating status of a pressurized long water diversion tunnel, and in particular to a monitoring and early warning device for erosion damage of a water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] The permanent support of the pressurized water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station usually adopts three forms: unlined, shotcrete support and reinforced concrete lining. In order to prevent the water from carrying the sediment and the unlined section of the tunnel from falling into the turbine, a slag pit is set at the front of the reinforced concrete lining section. The water entering the tunnel is generally filtered by the entrance slag collection tank and the rotten slag screen. The unlined section of the water diversion tunnel is easily eroded and damaged by the water flow. Most of the excavated sand and gravel enter the slag collection tank through the flow channel. Therefore, the change in the amount of sand and gravel deposited in the slag collection tank can be used as a key indicator to evaluate the operating status of the unlined section of the water diversion tunnel.

[0003] Timely acquisition of the amount of sand and gravel deposited in the slag pool is a prerequisite for early warning of disasters in the unlined section of the diversion tunnel. The existing technology usually uses manual measurement methods (once a year), which cannot monitor and evaluate the erosion damage of the diversion tunnel in a regular or emergency manner.

[0004] At present, the main monitoring methods for siltation are: manual depth gauge method, sonar detection method, radar method and time domain reflectometry (TDR) method. Signal transmission is usually divided into wired communication system and wireless communication system. A wired communication system is a communication system that relies on a wire to connect two communication nodes to transmit information. A wireless communication system does not use cables to transmit information, but uses strong electromagnetic waves to transmit signals through a propagation medium.

[0005] The measurement depth of the manual depth gauge method is often limited by many factors such as terrain, weather environment, actual measurement depth, etc.; sonar and radar are easily interfered, have low accuracy and poor stability; the equipment cost of the time domain reflectometer (TDR) is too high, and its main sensor components are easily damaged in extreme environments.

[0006] Wireless communication has a large transmission range, but pressurized tunnels are often accompanied by thick rock walls. The signal strength of through-the-ground communication is greatly reduced due to attenuation in the strata and water layers. The electromagnetic parameters of the strata are relatively variable, and the transmission and detection technology of weak signals is not very mature.

[0007] The water flow speed inside the pressurized tunnel is high, and the tunnel structure is intact. Destroying the wires or cables in the tunnel will create weak points in the pressurized tunnel, which is not conducive to the stability of the tunnel. Wireless equipment using batteries and the long tunnel inspection cycle, usually once a year, cannot achieve high-precision and high-intensity continuous observation. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a monitoring and early warning device for erosion damage of a water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station to solve the above problems.

[0009] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A monitoring and early warning device for erosion damage of a water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station, comprising a slag collecting pool provided in a pressure tunnel;

[0011] The slag collecting pool is provided with a rock penetration signal transmitter and a bottom plate via a supporting spring;

[0012] A rock-penetrating signal receiver, which is disposed outside the rock mass and is wirelessly connected to the rock-penetrating signal transmitter;

[0013] A switch is arranged at the bottom of the base plate and is used to trigger the rock-penetrating signal transmitter.

[0014] Preferably, a telescopic hydraulic rod is provided between the bottom wall and the bottom plate of the slag collecting pool.

[0015] Preferably, an adjusting cylinder is provided at the bottom of the base plate, and the adjusting cylinder is used to drive a trigger plate at its output end to move closer to or away from a switch.

[0016] Preferably, a liquid storage cylinder is provided at the bottom of the base plate, and the liquid outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod is divided into two paths by a separator and is unidirectionally connected to the inner chamber of the liquid storage cylinder and the first chamber of the adjusting cylinder respectively, and the inner chamber of the liquid storage cylinder is unidirectionally connected to the second chamber of the adjusting cylinder through a delay structure, and the first chamber and the second chamber of the adjusting cylinder are both connected to the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod.

[0017] Preferably, the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder is provided with a second piston block, and a spring is provided between the inner side wall of the liquid storage cylinder and the second piston block.

[0018] Preferably, the delay structure comprises an adjusting tube having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, a fixing plate is arranged in the adjusting tube, and overflow holes are opened on the fixing plate.

[0019] Preferably, there are multiple groups of overflow holes on the fixed plate with different apertures, a worm gear is rotatably connected to the fixed plate, multiple groups of overflow holes are formed on the worm gear, and the worm gear rotates relative to the fixed plate so that a group of overflow holes with the same aperture are aligned.

[0020] Preferably, a worm meshing with the worm wheel is rotatably connected inside the adjusting tube, and one end of the worm extends to the outside of the adjusting tube.

[0021] Preferably, the worm wheel comprises a parallel section and a concave section which are sequentially connected to form a closed loop, and when the concave section of the worm wheel is engaged with the worm, the worm wheel is aligned with the corresponding overflow holes on the fixed plate.

[0022] Preferably, the liquid outlet chamber and the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod are separated by a first piston block, and a first one-way valve is installed on the first piston block to allow the liquid inlet chamber to flow unidirectionally to the liquid outlet chamber.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] The present invention uses a bottom plate structure to monitor and alarm the amount of sand and gravel in the slag collection pool and combines the rock-penetrating wireless communication technology to transmit the alarm signal, solving the problem that the long water diversion tunnel with pressure cannot be equipped with wired devices due to the particularity of the structure. The information on the excessive amount of sand and gravel deposited in the slag collection pool is transmitted to the outside world in a timely manner, achieving the purpose of alarming the operation status and disasters of the water diversion tunnel, and facilitating the equipment on the downstream side of the water diversion tunnel to take disaster prevention measures in advance.

[0025] The amount of sand and gravel deposited in the slag collecting pool is monitored and analyzed, and the monitoring data is transmitted wirelessly to achieve remote early warning of sudden damage to the water diversion tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the internal components of the slag collecting pool of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid storage cylinder and its internal components of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the time-delay structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic hydraulic rod of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the worm wheel and the worm of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a partial plan view of the worm gear of the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals in the figure are:

[0034] 100, rock penetration signal receiver; 200, slag collection pool; 300, bottom plate; 400, rock penetration signal transmitter;

[0035] 1. Telescopic hydraulic rod; 2. Liquid storage cylinder; 3. Adjustment cylinder; 4. Switch; 5. Trigger plate; 6. Diverter; 7. Delay structure;

[0036] 11. first piston block; 12. piston rod; 13. first one-way valve;

[0037] 21. second piston block; 22. spring;

[0038] 71. Adjusting tube; 72. Fixing plate; 73. Worm wheel; 731. Rotating shaft; 732. Parallel section; 733. Concave section; 74. Worm; 75. Overflow hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example:

[0041] A monitoring and early warning device for erosion damage of a water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station is suitable for early warning of excessive sand and gravel accumulation in a slag pool of a long water diversion tunnel, and then alarming for sudden erosion damage of the water diversion tunnel; Figure 1-7 As shown:

[0042] The entire device mainly consists of two parts: sedimentation sand and gravel monitoring and signal transmission.

[0043] The signal transmission includes a rock-penetrating signal receiver 100 arranged outside the rock mass and a rock-penetrating signal transmitter 400 arranged inside the slag collecting pool 200, and the rock-penetrating signal receiver 100 and the rock-penetrating signal transmitter 400 are connected and coordinated by wireless communication.

[0044] The monitoring of the amount of deposited sand and gravel includes a bottom plate 300 arranged in the slag collecting pool 200 of the water diversion tunnel. When the amount of sand and gravel above the bottom plate 300 reaches a certain weight (the tunnel suddenly erodes a large area of ​​blocks into the slag collecting pool 200), the bottom plate 300 sinks to the lower limit, triggering the switch 4 and sending a signal, so that the rock-penetrating signal transmitter 400 transmits a wireless signal to the outside, and the rock-penetrating signal receiver 100 outside the rock mass receives it.

[0045] Signal transmission refers to the use of rock-penetrating wireless communication in underground coal mine accident rescue work to send out alarm signals in a timely manner, which are transmitted wirelessly through the strata so that the burst signal can be directly transmitted between the pressurized tunnel and the external ground center station.

[0046] The switch 4 is installed at the bottom of the bottom plate 300. The bottom plate 300 is connected to the slag collecting pool 200 through a supporting spring (not shown in the drawings). A telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is provided on the bottom wall of the slag collecting pool 200. The inner cavity of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is divided into a liquid outlet cavity and a liquid inlet cavity by a first piston block 11. A piston rod 12 is provided on the first piston block 11. The upper end of the piston rod 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 300.

[0047] A first one-way valve 13 is disposed in the first piston block 11 , and the hydraulic oil in the liquid inlet chamber flows to the liquid outlet chamber in one direction through the first one-way valve 13 .

[0048] A liquid storage cylinder 2 and an adjusting cylinder 3 are arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate 300. A second piston block 21 is arranged in the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2. The second piston block 21 and the top wall of the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2 are connected by a spring 22. The inner cavity of the adjusting cylinder 3 is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a third piston block. The third piston block is connected to the trigger plate 5 through a third piston rod.

[0049] The liquid outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is connected to the diverter 6 through a hose, and the diverter 6 is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2 through a second one-way valve, and the other is connected to the first cavity of the regulating cylinder 3; the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2 is connected to the input end of the delay structure 7 through a third one-way valve, and the output end of the delay structure 7 is connected to the second cavity of the regulating cylinder 3, and the first cavity and the second cavity of the regulating cylinder 3 are both connected to the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 through the corresponding fourth one-way valve.

[0050] The time-delay structure 7 includes an adjusting tube 71, the top opening of the adjusting tube 71 is set as a liquid inlet, the bottom opening is set as a liquid outlet, a fixing plate 72 is set in the inner cavity of the adjusting tube 71, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are separated by the fixing plate 72, a plurality of overflow holes 75 with different apertures are provided on the fixing plate 72, a worm gear 73 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixing plate 72 through a rotating shaft 731, a plurality of overflow holes 75 with different apertures are also provided on the worm gear 73, the worm gear 73 moves relatively on the rotating shaft 731 along its axis, and a worm 74 is rotatably connected in the adjusting tube 71 and meshes with the worm gear 73;

[0051] The trajectory of the worm wheel 73 along its circumference is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it includes a parallel section 732 and a concave section 733 connected in sequence.

[0052] Working principle:

[0053] The sand and gravel piled on the bottom plate 300 press down the bottom plate 300, and the first piston block 11 is driven down through the piston rod 12, and the hydraulic oil in the liquid outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is transported to the diverter 6 through the hose, half of the hydraulic oil is transported to the inner chamber of the liquid storage cylinder 2 through the diverter 6, and the other half of the hydraulic oil is transported to the first chamber of the regulating cylinder 3 through the diverter 6, thereby driving the trigger plate 5 to move upward and close to the switch 4 (in this process, the hydraulic oil in the second chamber of the regulating cylinder 3 is discharged to the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1);

[0054] The hydraulic oil in the inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder 2 is pushed into the regulating tube 71 under the action of the elastic force of the spring 22. Since the aperture of the overflow hole 75 is small, the hydraulic oil in the regulating tube 71 flows slowly. The hydraulic oil in the regulating tube 71 is discharged outward to the second cavity of the regulating cylinder 3, pushing the trigger plate 5 to move slowly downward and reset.

[0055] The hydraulic oil discharged outward from the first chamber and the second chamber of the regulating cylinder 3 flows unidirectionally to the liquid inlet chamber of the retracted hydraulic rod 1 .

[0056] For example, the above configuration enables the bottom plate 300 to drop 5 mm in a short period of time due to an external force, firstly the trigger plate 5 moves 5 mm closer to the switch in a short period of time, and then the trigger plate 5 slowly moves away from the switch 5 mm in a long period of time.

[0057] If too much sand and gravel accumulates on the bottom plate 300 for a continuous period of time or within a short period of time, the switch 4 will contact the trigger plate 5 and start the switch 4 .

[0058] The worm 74 can be manually driven to rotate by external force, and the rotation of the worm 74 drives the worm wheel 73 to rotate accordingly, so that a group of overflow holes 75 with the same aperture on the worm wheel 73 and the fixed plate 72 can be adjusted to be aligned and connected, while the overflow holes 75 of other groups are staggered.

[0059] A sealing layer of elastic structure is provided on one side of the worm gear 73 close to the fixing plate 72. Figure 7 As shown, when the concave section 733 of the worm wheel 73 is meshed with the worm 74, the worm wheel 73 is relatively pushed closer to the fixed plate 72 to improve the sealing performance, and it is explained that at this time a group of overflow holes 75 are aligned and connected with each other.

[0060] After the sand and gravel deposited on the top of the bottom plate 300 in the slag collecting pool 200 are cleaned on site, the bottom plate 300 moves upward and resets under the action of the supporting spring. At this time, the hydraulic oil in the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod 1 is transported to the liquid outlet chamber through the first one-way valve 13.

[0061] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for erosion damage of a water diversion tunnel of a hydropower station, comprising a slag collecting pool (200) arranged in a pressure tunnel, characterized in that: The slag collecting pool (200) is provided with a rock penetration signal transmitter (400) and a bottom plate (300) provided via a supporting spring; A rock-penetrating signal receiver (100), the rock-penetrating signal receiver (100) being arranged outside the rock mass and being wirelessly connected to the rock-penetrating signal transmitter (400); A switch (4) is arranged at the bottom of the base plate (300) and is used to trigger the rock-penetrating signal transmitter (400).

2. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A telescopic hydraulic rod (1) is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the slag collecting pool (200) and the bottom plate (300).

3. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An adjusting cylinder (3) is provided at the bottom of the base plate (300), and the adjusting cylinder (3) is used to drive a trigger plate (5) at its output end to move closer to or farther away from a switch (4).

4. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A liquid storage cylinder (2) is arranged at the bottom of the base plate (300); the liquid outlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1) is divided into two paths through a separator (6) and is unidirectionally connected to the inner chamber of the liquid storage cylinder (2) and the first chamber of the regulating cylinder (3), respectively; the inner chamber of the liquid storage cylinder (2) is unidirectionally connected to the second chamber of the regulating cylinder (3) through a delay structure (7); and the first chamber and the second chamber of the regulating cylinder (3) are both connected to the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1).

5. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the liquid storage cylinder (2) is provided with a second piston block (21), and a spring (22) is provided between the inner side wall of the liquid storage cylinder (2) and the second piston block (21).

6. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The delay structure (7) comprises an adjusting tube (71) having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. A fixing plate (72) is arranged inside the adjusting tube (71), and an overflow hole (75) is provided on the fixing plate (72).

7. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed plate (72) has a plurality of overflow fine holes (75) with different apertures. The fixed plate (72) is rotatably connected to a worm gear (73), and the worm gear (73) has a plurality of overflow fine holes (75). The worm gear (73) rotates relative to the fixed plate (72) so that a group of overflow fine holes (75) with the same aperture are aligned.

8. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A worm (74) meshing with the worm wheel (73) is rotatably connected inside the regulating tube (71), and one end of the worm (74) extends to the outside of the regulating tube (71).

9. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The worm wheel (73) comprises a parallel section (732) and a concave section (733) which are sequentially connected to form a closed loop. When the concave section (733) of the worm wheel (73) is engaged with the worm (74), the worm wheel (73) is aligned with the corresponding overflow holes (75) on the fixed plate (72).

10. A hydropower station diversion tunnel erosion damage monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid outlet chamber and the liquid inlet chamber of the telescopic hydraulic rod (1) are separated by a first piston block (11), and a first one-way valve (13) is installed on the first piston block (11) to allow the liquid inlet chamber to flow in one direction to the liquid outlet chamber.

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