A phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and its preparation method and application
By doping phosphorus on platinum-based intermetallic compounds and preparing catalysts using ultrafast Joule thermal method, the problems of high cost and poor activity of existing platinum catalysts have been solved, and the oxygen reduction activity and stability in fuel cells have been significantly improved, and the cost of the catalyst has been reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411819906.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing platinum catalysts have problems such as high cost, poor catalytic activity and stability in fuel cells, which limits the promotion and application of fuel cells.
The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is used to dopant non-metallic phosphorus on highly active platinum-based intermetallic compounds, thereby increasing the electron cloud density on the catalyst surface, regulating the adsorption energy of platinum atoms to oxygen molecules, and improving oxygen reduction activity and stability. This catalyst is prepared by ultrafast Joule thermal method, which has the advantages of fast and convenient, energy saving, etc.
It significantly improves the oxygen reduction activity and platinum utilization rate, reduces the cost of fuel cell catalysts, improves the stability and durability of the catalyst, and maintains good catalytic activity in a strong acid and strong oxidative environment.
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Figure CN119786633A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalysts, and in particular relates to a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. It has high energy conversion efficiency and clean reactions without pollution, and is becoming an ideal way to utilize energy. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells use an ion-conducting polymer membrane as an electrolyte. They have the advantages of low operating temperature, fast startup, high specific power, simple structure, and easy operation. They are considered the best choice for energy supply for electric vehicles, fixed power stations, etc. However, compared with the anode hydrogen oxidation reaction, the cathode oxygen reduction reaction has slow kinetics and is one of the key steps in determining the performance output of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Efficient oxygen reduction catalysts are essential for improving the performance of fuel cells.
[0003] The prior art provides platinum catalysts for the cathode oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cells. However, the existing platinum catalysts have problems such as high cost, poor catalytic activity and stability, which makes it difficult to promote and apply fuel cells.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a catalyst with better catalytic activity and stability and apply it to fuel cells, which will be beneficial to the promotion and application of raw material batteries. Summary of the invention
[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst of the present invention has good catalytic activity and stability, and the preparation process is efficient, uncomplicated and low-cost.
[0006] The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst (referred to as catalyst) of the present invention is a highly active platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst doped with non-metallic phosphorus, which increases the electron cloud density on the catalyst surface, thereby regulating the adsorption energy of platinum atoms on the catalyst surface to oxygen molecules, and further improving the oxygen reduction activity and stability of the catalyst. The present invention uses a convenient ultrafast Joule heat method to quickly convert the precursor material into a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst with high oxygen reduction activity and stability within a few seconds. The method has the advantages of being fast, convenient, and energy-saving. Compared with non-phosphorus-doped intermetallic compounds and commercial platinum catalysts, the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound of the present invention has significantly improved oxygen reduction activity, significantly improves the utilization rate of precious metal platinum, and reduces the cost of fuel cell catalysts.
[0007] The intermetallic compound of the present invention is a compound formed by combining two or more metal components in proportion to form a long-range ordered crystal structure different from other constituent elements and having basic metal properties. The long-range ordered structure of the platinum-based intermetallic compound not only fully exerts the regulatory effect of the transition metal, but also the chemical bond formed with the platinum atom can further stabilize the transition metal atom, making it difficult to dissolve under acidic conditions, thereby further improving the catalytic activity and stability.
[0008] In the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst of the present invention, platinum and transition metal form alloy particles. In this alloy, platinum atoms and transition metal atoms form an orderly arrangement structure according to a certain stoichiometric ratio, and the doped phosphorus atoms are located in the lattice gaps, which does not change the arrangement of platinum and transition metal atoms.
[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0010] Specifically, a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst includes a carbon carrier and phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound nanoparticles supported on the carbon carrier.
[0011] Preferably, in the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, the platinum element accounts for 20-50 wt. % of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, and more preferably 20-30 wt. %.
[0012] Preferably, the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst contains transition metal elements, and the transition metal elements account for 5-25wt.%, more preferably 7-20wt.%, of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0013] Preferably, in the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, the phosphorus element accounts for 0.1-5.5 wt.% of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, and more preferably 0.5-5 wt.%.
[0014] Preferably, in the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, the carbon carrier accounts for 35-72 wt. % of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, and more preferably 40-70 wt. %.
[0015] Preferably, the particle size of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound nanoparticles is 2-30 nanometers.
[0016] Preferably, the chemical formula of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound nanoparticles is P x -Pt y M, wherein 0.1<x<5.5, y=3, 1 or 1 / 3, and M is a transition metal element.
[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0018] Specifically, a method for preparing a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
[0019] S1, mixing a carbon carrier, a platinum source, a transition metal source and a phosphorus source in a solvent, and drying to obtain a precursor powder;
[0020] S2. Using the Joule heating effect of electric current to heat-treat the precursor powder in step S1 to obtain the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0021] Preferably, in step S1, the carbon carrier includes at least one of commercial XC-72 carbon powder, Ketjen black carbon powder, super P carbon black, and conductive carbon black BP2000.
[0022] Preferably, in step S1, the platinum source is at least one of chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate, and platinum acetate.
[0023] Preferably, in step S1, the transition metal source is at least one of manganese chloride, ferric chloride and cobalt chloride.
[0024] Preferably, in step S1, the phosphorus source is at least one of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphorus pentoxide.
[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the solvent includes at least one of water and tert-butanol.
[0026] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the carbon carrier to the platinum source is 1:(0.1-4), and more preferably 1:(0.1-2).
[0027] Preferably, in step S1, the molar ratio of the platinum source to the transition metal source is (1-3):(1-3), specifically 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1.
[0028] Preferably, in step S1, the molar ratio of the platinum source to the phosphorus source is 1:(0.05-0.8), and more preferably 1:(0.05-0.5).
[0029] Preferably, in step S1, the drying method is freeze-drying.
[0030] Preferably, in step S2, the heating rate during the heat treatment process is 500-2000°C / second, more preferably 1000-1200°C / second.
[0031] Preferably, in step S2, the heat treatment is carried out at a holding temperature of 600-2000°C, more preferably 1000-1500°C.
[0032] Preferably, in step S2, the heat treatment holding time is 2-30 seconds, more preferably 1-10 seconds.
[0033] Preferably, in step S2, the heat treatment is performed in a reducing gas atmosphere.
[0034] Preferably, the reducing gas is a mixed gas consisting of 5% by volume hydrogen + 95% by volume dispersed argon.
[0035] A third aspect of the present invention provides an application of a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0036] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the above-mentioned phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0037] Application of the above phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst in the cathode oxygen reduction reaction of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0039] (1) The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst of the present invention introduces phosphorus into the platinum-based intermetallic compound to improve its catalytic performance by changing the electronic structure and chemical properties of platinum. This catalyst not only maintains the high performance of platinum, but also further enhances its stability and durability by phosphorus doping, so that it can still maintain good catalytic activity in a strong acid and strong oxidizing environment.
[0040] (2) The method for preparing the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst of the present invention utilizes the Joule heating effect of electric current to complete the catalytic synthesis reaction in a very short time. The method is simple and convenient, the conditions are controllable, and the efficiency is high. It greatly saves the energy and materials consumed in the heat treatment process, thereby reducing the preparation cost of the catalyst.
[0041] (3) The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst of the present invention exhibits better activity and stability in proton exchange membrane fuel cells than existing commercial platinum catalysts, thereby reducing the amount of precious metal platinum used in fuel cells and significantly reducing the cost and life of fuel cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] Figure 1 A scanning transmission electron micrograph of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Example 1;
[0043] Figure 2A high-magnification scanning transmission electron micrograph of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Example 1;
[0044] Figure 3 A scanning transmission electron micrograph of the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Comparative Example 1;
[0045] Figure 4 A high-magnification scanning transmission electron micrograph of the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Comparative Example 1;
[0046] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of polarization curves of phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) of Example 1, platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) of Comparative Example 1, and commercial platinum catalyst of Comparative Example 2 in 0.1M perchloric acid electrolyte;
[0047] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the mass activity and intrinsic activity at 0.9V of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) of Example 1, the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) of Comparative Example 1, and the commercial platinum catalyst of Comparative Example 2.
[0048] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of polarization curves of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) of Example 1, the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) of Comparative Example 1, and the commercial platinum catalyst of Comparative Example 2 in 0.1M perchloric acid electrolyte before and after 10,000 stability cycle tests. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the following embodiments are listed for illustration. It should be noted that the following embodiments do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or by existing known methods.
[0051] A method for preparing a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
[0052] S1, mixing a carbon carrier, a platinum source, a transition metal source and a phosphorus source in a solvent, and drying to obtain a precursor powder;
[0053] S2. In a Joule heating device, the precursor powder in step S1 is heat-treated by utilizing the Joule heating effect of electric current to obtain a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
[0054] Example 1
[0055] A method for preparing a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
[0056] S1, adding 60 mg of Ketjen Black EC600 carbon powder, 53.3 mg of chloroplatinic acid, 27.7 mg of ferric chloride hexahydrate, and 2 mg of phosphoric acid to 50 ml of tert-butanol, stirring evenly, and freeze-drying to obtain a precursor powder;
[0057] S2. Place the precursor powder obtained in step S1 in a Joule heating device and fill it with a mixed gas formed by 5% volume fraction of hydrogen and 95% volume fraction of argon. Heat it to 1000°C within 1 second and keep it warm for 5 seconds and then cool it to room temperature to obtain a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, recorded as P-Pt1Fe1 / C.
[0058] Example 2
[0059] A method for preparing a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
[0060] S1, adding 60 mg of Ketjen Black EC600 carbon powder, 53.3 mg of chloroplatinic acid, 20.3 mg of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, and 2 mg of phosphoric acid to 50 ml of tert-butanol, stirring evenly, and freeze-drying to obtain a precursor powder;
[0061] S2. Place the precursor powder obtained in step S1 in a Joule heating device and fill it with a mixed gas formed by 5% volume fraction of hydrogen and 95% volume fraction of argon. Heat it to 1200°C within 1 second and keep it warm for 10 seconds and then cool it to room temperature to obtain a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, recorded as P-Pt1Mn1 / C.
[0062] Example 3
[0063] A method for preparing a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
[0064] S1, adding 60 mg of Ketjen Black EC600 carbon powder, 53.3 mg of chloroplatinic acid, 24.4 mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, and 2 mg of phosphoric acid to 50 ml of tert-butanol, stirring evenly, and freeze-drying to obtain a precursor powder;
[0065] S2. Place the precursor powder obtained in step S1 in a Joule heating device and fill it with a mixed gas formed by 5% volume fraction of hydrogen and 95% volume fraction of argon. Heat it to 1000°C within 1 second and keep it warm for 5 seconds and then cool it to room temperature to obtain a phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, recorded as P-Pt1Co1 / C.
[0066] Comparative Example 1 (the difference from Example 1 is that phosphorus doping is not added)
[0067] A method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises the following steps:
[0068] S1. Add 60 mg of Ketjen Black EC600 carbon powder, 53.3 mg of chloroplatinic acid, and 27.7 mg of ferric chloride hexahydrate into 50 ml of tert-butyl alcohol, stir well, and then freeze-dry to obtain a precursor powder;
[0069] S2. Place the precursor powder obtained in step S1 in a Joule heating device and fill it with a mixed gas formed by 5% volume fraction of hydrogen and 95% volume fraction of argon. Heat it to 1000°C within 1 second and keep it warm for 5 seconds and then cool it to room temperature to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, recorded as Pt1Fe1 / C.
[0070] Comparative Example 2
[0071] This comparative example is a commercially available Pt / C catalyst used in fuel cells.
[0072] Comparative Example 3
[0073] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 3 is that an equal amount of ammonium nitrate is used instead of phosphoric acid, and the rest of the process is the same as Example 1. In Comparative Example 3, since nitrogen is weakly bound to metal, nitrogen is easily volatilized during high-temperature heat treatment, and therefore, it is difficult to dope nitrogen into the metal alloy, so it is impossible to prepare a nitrogen-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound.
[0074] Related characteristics test
[0075] 1. Catalyst morphology and structure analysis:
[0076] The phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Example 1 was subjected to scanning transmission electron microscopy structural analysis.
[0077] Figure 1 A scanning transmission electron micrograph of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a high-magnification scanning transmission electron micrograph of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Example 1.
[0078] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the carbon support and the particle size is uniform.
[0079] Figure 2 Medium and high magnification scanning transmission electron microscopy showed that the platinum and iron elements in the nanoparticles were arranged in an orderly manner, with obvious structural characteristics of ordered intermetallic compounds.
[0080] The morphology and size of the phosphorus-doped platinum-manganese intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Mn1 / C) and the phosphorus-doped platinum-cobalt intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Co1 / C) prepared in Example 2 and Example 3 are similar to those of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst prepared in Example 1.
[0081] Figure 3 A scanning transmission electron micrograph of the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Comparative Example 1; Figure 4 This is a high-magnification scanning transmission electron micrograph of the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Comparative Example 1.
[0082] from Figure 3 It can be seen that without adding phosphorus source, the size uniformity of the platinum-iron metal nanoparticles is relatively poor, and the particle size is also larger. Figure 4 High-magnification scanning transmission electron microscopy showed that the platinum and iron atoms in the nanoparticles were also arranged in an orderly structure.
[0083] It can be seen that phosphorus doping into platinum-iron intermetallic compound nanoparticles is beneficial to the uniformity of the nanoparticles and reducing the particle size, thereby increasing the surface area of the nanoparticles and improving the utilization rate of the precious metal platinum.
[0084] 2. Electrochemical performance test of catalyst
[0085] The phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Example 1, the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the commercially available Pt / C catalyst in Comparative Example 2 were prepared into catalyst ink and coated on the surface of a rotating electrode. For all samples, the platinum loading on the electrode surface was 15 μg / cm 2 The electrode was then placed in an oxygen-saturated 0.1 M perchloric acid electrolyte for oxygen reduction activity testing.
[0086] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of polarization curves of phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) of Example 1, platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) of Comparative Example 1, and commercial platinum catalyst of Comparative Example 2 in 0.1M perchloric acid electrolyte;
[0087] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the mass activity and intrinsic activity at 0.9V of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) of Example 1, the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) of Comparative Example 1, and the commercial platinum catalyst of Comparative Example 2.
[0088] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of polarization curves of the phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (P-Pt1Fe1 / C) of Example 1, the platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalyst (Pt1Fe1 / C) of Comparative Example 1, and the commercial platinum catalyst of Comparative Example 2 in 0.1M perchloric acid electrolyte before and after 10,000 stability cycle tests.
[0089] from Figure 5 It can be seen that the limiting diffusion current density of all catalysts is similar, but the half-wave potential of the P-Pt1Fe1 / C catalyst is significantly higher than that of Pt1Fe1 / C and commercial Pt / C catalyst, indicating that P-Pt1Fe1 / C has significantly improved oxygen reduction catalytic activity and can effectively increase the positive electrode voltage when used in the positive electrode of fuel cells.
[0090] Figure 6 This is a comparison of the mass activity and intrinsic activity of P-Pt1Fe1 / C, Pt1Fe1 / C and commercial Pt / C catalysts at 0.9V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode).
[0091] The mass activity of P-Pt1Fe1 / C at 0.9 V is 1.2 amperes per milligram of platinum, and the intrinsic activity is 1.36 milliamperes per square centimeter of platinum, both of which are significantly higher than those of Pt1Fe1 / C and commercial Pt / C catalysts.
[0092] Figure 7 The polarization curve comparison diagram of P-Pt1Fe1 / C, Pt1Fe1 / C and commercial Pt / C catalysts before and after 10,000 stability cycle tests shows that the half-wave potential of P-Pt1Fe1 / C decays by 6 mV, which is less than the 18 mV decay of Pt1Fe1 / C and the 29 mV decay of the commercial Pt / C catalyst. This shows that the P-Pt1Fe1 / C of the present invention has better oxygen reduction catalytic stability.
[0093] The above data show that the application of phosphorus-doped platinum-iron intermetallic compound catalysts in fuel cells can effectively reduce the use of precious metal platinum, thereby reducing the cost of catalysis in fuel cells. The operating stability of the catalyst is also significantly improved, which can increase the operating life of the fuel cell.
[0094] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically described above, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, characterized in that: The invention comprises a carbon support and phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound nanoparticles supported on the carbon support.
2. The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, the platinum element accounts for 20-50 wt.% of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
3. The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst contains transition metal elements, and the transition metal elements account for 5-25 wt.% of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
4. The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, phosphorus element accounts for 0.1-5.5 wt.% of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
5. The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, the carbon carrier accounts for 35-72 wt.% of the total weight of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
6. The phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound nanoparticles is 2-30 nanometers; and / or the chemical formula of the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound nanoparticles is P x -Pt y M, wherein 0.1<x<5.5, y=3, 1 or 1 / 3, and M is a transition metal element.
7. The method for preparing the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing a carbon carrier, a platinum source, a transition metal source and a phosphorus source in a solvent, and drying to obtain a precursor powder; S2. Using the Joule heating effect of electric current to heat-treat the precursor powder in step S1 to obtain the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the platinum source is at least one of chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate, and platinum acetate; and / or the transition metal source is at least one of manganese chloride, ferric chloride, and cobalt chloride; and / or the phosphorus source is at least one of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphorus pentoxide; and / or the mass ratio of the carbon carrier to the platinum source is 1:(0.1-4); and / or the molar ratio of the platinum source to the transition metal source is (1-3):(1-3); and / or the molar ratio of the platinum source to the phosphorus source is 1:(0.05-0.8).
9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, the heating rate during the heat treatment process is 500-2000°C / second; and / or the holding temperature of the heat treatment is 600-2000°C; and / or the holding time of the heat treatment is 2-30 seconds; and / or the heat treatment is carried out in a reducing gas atmosphere.
10. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises the phosphorus-doped platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.