Fuel cell integrated thermal component, method and system based on tail gas and air diversion

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell integrated thermal component, method and system based on tail gas and air diversion, comprising a burner, a high-temperature air heat exchanger, a low-temperature air heat exchanger, a reformer and an exhaust cooler; the high-temperature air heat exchanger is provided with a first air channel and a first tail gas channel, the first tail gas channel is connected to the tail gas outlet of the burner; the low-temperature air heat exchanger has a second air channel and a second tail gas channel, the second tail gas channel is connected to the first tail gas channel; the reformer has a reaction channel and a third tail gas channel, the reaction channel is loaded with a catalyst, the third tail gas channel is connected to the tail gas outlet arranged at the air inlet end of the second tail gas channel; the exhaust cooler has a battery exhaust channel and a third air channel, the third air channel is connected to the first air channel and the second air channel. The integrated thermal component of the present invention avoids carbon deposition and the like caused by excessively high tail gas temperature in the reformer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell integrated thermal component, method and system based on tail gas and air diversion. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The current fuel cell integrated thermal components based on the exhaust gas diversion architecture include burners, air heat exchangers, reformers, exhaust coolers and other components. The exhaust gas generated by the burner is directly diverted at the burner outlet. One part directly enters the air heat exchanger for heat exchange and then is discharged, and the other part directly enters the reformer as a heat source for the reforming reaction, used to provide heat for the evaporation of water in the reforming reaction and the heat for the reforming reaction. However, using this method, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is usually high (above 700°C). When the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas heats the fuel gas, carbon deposition and other problems will occur, affecting the normal operation of the entire fuel cell integrated thermal component. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell integrated thermal component, method and system based on exhaust gas + air diversion, which overcomes the defects of the current fuel cell integrated thermal component based on the exhaust gas diversion architecture during operation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion, comprising a burner, a high-temperature air heat exchanger, a low-temperature air heat exchanger, a reformer and an exhaust gas cooler which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside;

[0007] A first air channel and a first tail gas channel capable of heat exchange are provided in the high-temperature air heat exchanger, and an air inlet end of the first tail gas channel is connected to a tail gas outlet end of the burner;

[0008] The low-temperature air heat exchanger has a second air channel and a second exhaust gas channel for heat exchange, and the air inlet end of the second exhaust gas channel is connected to the air outlet end of the first exhaust gas channel;

[0009] The reformer has a reaction channel for heat exchange and a third tail gas channel. The reaction channel is loaded with a catalyst to carry out a reforming reaction after water and fuel gas are introduced. The air inlet end of the third tail gas channel is connected to the tail gas outlet provided at the air inlet end of the second tail gas channel.

[0010] The exhaust cooler has a battery exhaust channel capable of heat exchange and a third air channel. The third air channel is connected to the air intake end of the first air channel through the second air pipeline and is connected to the air intake end of the second air channel through the first air pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, the high-temperature air heat exchanger includes an inner wall and an outer wall arranged coaxially, the top ends of the inner wall and the outer wall are connected to an annular plate, the bottom end of the outer wall is connected to a bottom cover, the bottom end of the inner wall is connected to a tail gas cavity, a burner is sleeved on the inner wall, and the tail gas generated by the burner can enter the tail gas cavity, and a heat exchange component is provided below the tail gas cavity. The heat exchange component adopts a downstream partition wall heat exchanger, and has a first tail gas channel and a first air channel. The bottom cavity wall of the tail gas cavity is provided with a plurality of tail gas ports, and the tail gas ports are connected to the corresponding first tail gas channels. The outlet end of the first tail gas channel is connected to the bottom cover to form an exhaust gas outlet, and an air inlet pipe connected to the space between the inner wall and the outer wall is provided on the annular plate, the space between the inner wall and the outer wall is connected to the air inlet end of the first air channel of the heat exchange component, and the outlet end of the first air channel is connected to the air outlet pipe arranged on the bottom cover.

[0012] Optionally, the top ends of the inner wall and the outer wall are fixedly connected to the annular plate, and an air inlet pipe is provided on the annular plate, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the space between the inner wall and the outer wall.

[0013] Optionally, a base plate is provided under the reformer and the low-temperature air heat exchanger, and an exhaust gas space is formed between the base plate and the bottom end of the high-temperature air heat exchanger. The exhaust gas space is connected to the outlet end of the first exhaust gas channel, and is connected to the exhaust gas inlet at the inlet end of the second exhaust gas channel of the low-temperature air heat exchanger and the exhaust gas outlet arranged at the inlet end.

[0014] Optionally, the bottom plate is provided with a cold air mixing component, in which a mixing chamber is provided, the mixing chamber is connected with the air outlets of the first air channel and the second air channel, and the mixing chamber is also connected with the air inlet pipe to allow cooling air to enter.

[0015] Optionally, a flow regulator is installed in the first air pipeline to adjust the air flow entering the first air channel.

[0016] Optionally, the outlet end of the second exhaust gas channel is connected to a first tail exhaust pipe, and a flow regulator is installed in the first tail exhaust pipe.

[0017] Optionally, the gas outlet end of the third exhaust channel is connected to a second tail exhaust pipe, and a flow regulator is installed in the second tail exhaust pipe.

[0018] Optionally, the burner includes a combustion chamber, an air inlet pipe and a gas inlet pipe are provided at the top of the combustion chamber, an exhaust gas outlet pipe is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and a temperature sensor is installed at the exhaust gas outlet pipe.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of a fuel cell integrated thermal component for tail gas and air diversion as described in the first aspect:

[0020] The burner is ignited, and the exhaust gas generated enters the first exhaust gas channel. After passing through the first exhaust gas channel, the exhaust gas is split, one part passes through the intake end of the second exhaust gas channel and directly enters the third exhaust gas channel of the reformer, and the other part flows through the second exhaust gas channel;

[0021] Adjusting the air flow entering the first air channel so that the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first exhaust gas channel reaches a set temperature T11;

[0022] Adjust the exhaust gas flow rates of the second exhaust gas channel and the third exhaust gas channel, and after the exhaust gas temperature discharged from the third exhaust gas channel reaches the set temperature T7, introduce water into the reaction channel;

[0023] After the temperature at the outlet of the reaction channel reaches the set temperature T2, fuel gas is introduced into the reaction channel to start the reforming reaction.

[0024] Optionally, if the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas discharged from the reaction channel cannot meet the requirement, the exhaust gas flow rates in the second exhaust gas channel and the third exhaust gas channel are adjusted until the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas meets the requirement.

[0025] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system provided with the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas and air diversion as described in the first aspect, wherein the battery exhaust channel is connected to the battery exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell system.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The fuel cell integrated thermal component of the present invention is provided with a high-temperature air heat exchanger and a low-temperature air heat exchanger. The air exhausted from the exhaust cooler enters the high-temperature air heat exchanger through the first air pipeline and enters the low-temperature air heat exchanger through the second air pipeline. The high-temperature air heat exchanger can utilize the air introduced to exchange heat with the exhaust gas exhausted from the burner. After the heat exchange, the exhaust gas enters the third exhaust gas channel of the reformer, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of carbon deposition caused by the exhaust gas temperature entering the reformer being too high, and ensuring the normal and smooth operation of the entire fuel cell integrated thermal component.

[0028] 2. The fuel cell integrated thermal component of the present invention has a flow regulator in the second air pipeline, so that the diversion ratio of air entering the high-temperature air heat exchanger and the low-temperature air heat exchanger can be adjusted, so that the exhaust gas temperature entering the reformer can be adjusted more quickly, the adjustment response speed is fast, and the control is more precise.

[0029] 3. The fuel cell integrated thermal component of the present invention has flow regulators disposed in the first tail pipe and the second tail pipe, which can accurately adjust the exhaust gas flow passing through the low-temperature air preheater and the reformer, thereby quickly and accurately controlling the heat exchange amount of the low-temperature air heat exchanger and the reformer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0031] Figure 1 The overall structure of the embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 2 The overall structure of the embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a burner in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature air heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a high-temperature air heat exchanger according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature air heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a low-temperature air heat exchanger according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reformer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a reformer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.10 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust cooler according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view of an exhaust cooler according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view of the first tail pipe of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.13 is a cross-sectional view of the second tail pipe of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.14This is a schematic diagram of the first air connection pipeline of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second air connection pipeline in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.16 is a cross-sectional view of the second air connection pipeline of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.17 The bottom plate structure of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0048] Fig.18 The bottom plate structure of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0049] Fig.19 is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.21 is a flow chart of the method of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0052] Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0053] Among them, 1. burner, 2. high temperature air heat exchanger, 3. low temperature air heat exchanger, 4. reformer, 5. exhaust cooler, 6. first tail pipe, 7. second tail pipe, 8. first air pipeline, 9. second air pipeline, 10. bottom plate;

[0054] 101. first air inlet pipe, 102. first gas inlet pipe, 103. first bolt hole, 104. second bolt hole, 105. first exhaust gas outlet pipe, 106. first temperature sensor;

[0055] 201. second air inlet pipe, 202. second exhaust gas outlet, 203. first air outlet pipe, 204. first connecting bolt, 205. first exhaust gas inlet, 206. third bolt hole, 207. second connecting bolt, 208. fourth bolt hole;

[0056] 301. third air inlet pipe, 302. third exhaust gas outlet, 303. second exhaust gas inlet, 304. second air outlet pipe, 305. third connecting bolt, 306. fourth exhaust gas outlet pipe, 307. fifth bolt hole, 308. fourth connecting bolt, 309. sixth bolt hole, 310. seventh bolt hole;

[0057] 401. second gas inlet pipe, 402. water inlet pipe, 403. third gas inlet pipe, 404. catalyst layer, 405. fifth connecting bolt, 406. third tail gas inlet, 407. second temperature sensor, 408. hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe, 409. fifth tail gas outlet pipe, 410. eighth bolt hole, 411. ninth bolt hole, 412. sixth connecting bolt;

[0058] 501. seventh connecting bolt, 502. third air outlet, 503. third temperature sensor, 504. exhaust outlet pipe, 505. fourth air inlet pipe, 506. fourth temperature sensor; 507. fifth temperature sensor, 508. exhaust inlet pipe, 509. eighth connecting bolt, 510. fourth air outlet, 511. tenth bolt hole.

[0059] 601. sixth temperature sensor, 602. first flow regulator;

[0060] 701. seventh temperature sensor, 702. second flow regulator;

[0061] 801. 11th bolt hole, 802. 5th air inlet, 803. 8th temperature sensor, 804. 12th bolt hole, 805. 5th air outlet;

[0062] 901. third flow regulator; 902. thirteenth bolt hole, 903. sixth air inlet, 904. sixth air outlet, 905. fourteenth bolt hole;

[0063] 1001. the ninth temperature sensor, 1002. the fifteenth bolt hole, 1003. the seventh air inlet pipe, 1004. the sixteenth bolt hole, 1005. the tenth temperature sensor, 1006. the eleventh temperature sensor, 1007. the seventeenth bolt hole, 1008. the eighteenth bolt hole, 1009. the seventh air outlet, 1010. the eighth air inlet, 1011. the ninth air inlet, 1012. the twelfth temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In this embodiment, the partition wall type heat exchange refers to the heat exchange between the cold and hot fluids with a solid wall between them, without mixing with each other.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] This embodiment provides a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion, such as Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, from inside to outside, it includes a burner 1, a high-temperature air heat exchanger 2, a low-temperature air heat exchanger 3, a reformer 4 and an exhaust cooler 5 which are connected in sequence. The burner 1 is used to generate a relatively high-temperature combustion exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas first enters the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 for cooling. The exhaust gas after cooling is divided. One part flows through the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and is cooled again before being discharged. The other part directly enters the reformer 4 as a heat source for the reforming reaction. The reformer 4 is used to introduce water and gas. The water evaporates in the reformer 4 to form water vapor. At the same time, a catalyst is arranged in the reformer 4. Under the catalytic action of the catalyst, the water vapor and the gas undergo a reforming reaction. The exhaust cooler 5 can receive the battery exhaust of the fuel cell system and perform heat exchange with the introduced cold air. The air after heat exchange enters the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 and the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3.

[0067] In this embodiment, the high temperature and low temperature in the high temperature air heat exchanger 2 and the low temperature air heat exchanger 3 mean that the exhaust gas temperature entering the high temperature air heat exchanger 2 is higher than the exhaust gas temperature entering the low temperature air heat exchanger 3, and there is no specific limitation on the temperature.

[0068] Specific:

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the burner 1 is located at the center of the entire fuel cell integrated thermal component, and the burner 1 includes a combustion chamber. A first air inlet pipe 101 and a first gas inlet pipe 102 are provided at the top of the combustion chamber, and a first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber. A first temperature sensor 106 is installed on the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 for detecting the exhaust gas temperature discharged from the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105. A flange is provided on the top of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of second bolt holes 104 are provided on the outer edge of the flange for fixedly connecting the burner 1 with the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2. A flange is provided at the air inlet end of the first air inlet pipe 101, and a plurality of first bolt holes 103 are provided on the flange. The first bolt holes 103 are used to connect the first air inlet pipe 101 with the external air pipeline.

[0070] In this embodiment, when the fuel cell integrated thermal component is operated alone, the fuel gas required by the burner 1 comes from the external fuel gas, and the air required by the burner 1 can be provided by the external air and the hot air exhausted by the integrated thermal component alone or together. When the integrated thermal component is coupled with a fuel cell or other equipment for operation, the fuel required by the burner 1 can be provided by the external fuel gas and (battery) exhaust gas alone or together, and the required air can be provided by the external air and the hot air exhausted by the battery alone or together.

[0071] Air and gas enter the combustion chamber through the first air inlet pipe 101 and the first gas inlet pipe 102 respectively and are mixed and burned, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged through the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105.

[0072] like Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the burner 1 and adopts a circular ring structure. The high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 includes an inner wall and an outer wall arranged coaxially, and the inner wall and the outer wall both adopt a cylindrical barrel structure. The inner wall and the outer wall are coaxially arranged, and the top ends of the inner wall and the outer wall are connected to the annular plate to achieve the fixation of the inner wall and the outer wall, wherein the axial length of the inner wall is less than the axial length of the outer wall, wherein the bottom end of the outer wall is provided with a bottom cover, the bottom end of the inner wall is provided with a tail gas cavity, the top of the tail gas cavity is provided with a cavity wall, and a heat exchange component is provided below the tail gas cavity, and the heat exchange component is fixed to the inner side surface of the outer wall, and the heat exchange component adopts the existing downstream partition wall heat exchanger. Preferably, a shell and tube heat exchanger is adopted, which has a first tail gas channel and a first air channel capable of partition wall heat exchange. The shell and tube heat exchanger can adopt the existing technology, and its specific structure is not described in detail here. The top of the tail gas cavity A first exhaust gas inlet 205 is provided on the cavity wall, and the first exhaust gas inlet 205 cooperates with the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 of the burner 1, and is used to introduce the exhaust gas discharged from the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 into the exhaust cavity. The bottom cavity wall of the exhaust cavity has multiple exhaust ports, and the multiple exhaust ports are distributed in an array. The exhaust port is fixed to the air inlet end of the first exhaust gas channel. The first exhaust gas channel forms a second exhaust gas outlet 202 on the bottom cover, and a second air inlet pipe 201 is provided on the annular plate. The second air inlet pipe 201 is connected to the space between the inner wall and the outer wall, and serves as an air inlet. The space between the inner wall and the outer wall is connected to the air inlet end of the first air channel of the heat exchange component, and a plurality of fourth bolt holes 208 are provided on the air inlet end of the second air inlet pipe 201. The fourth bolt holes 208 are used to connect the second air inlet pipe 201 to the exhaust cooler 5 through the second air pipeline 9.

[0073] The outer edge of the annular plate is provided with a plurality of third bolt holes 206 along the annular direction for connecting the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 with the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3. The inner edge of the annular plate is provided with a plurality of second connecting bolts 207 along the annular direction. The high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 and the burner 1 are fixed by the second connecting bolts 207 and the second bolt holes 104.

[0074] Furthermore, the bottom cover is also provided with a first air outlet pipe 203 connected to the air cavity, and the air outlet end of the first air outlet pipe 203 is provided with a connecting plate, and a plurality of first connecting bolts 204 are provided on the connecting plate, and the first connecting bolts 204 are used to fix the connecting plate to the bottom plate 10.

[0075] In this embodiment, the combustion exhaust gas generated by the burner 1 enters the exhaust chamber, and then enters the first exhaust channel through multiple exhaust ports. The air enters the first air channel through the second air inlet pipe 201, and performs inter-wall heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the first exhaust channel in the heat exchange component. The air after heat exchange is discharged through the first air outlet pipe 203, and the exhaust gas after heat exchange enters the second exhaust outlet 202 formed at the end of the first exhaust channel and is discharged.

[0076] like Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2, and adopts an annular structure, including an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate. The top ends of the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate are fixed on the upper ring cover, and a heat exchange component is provided between the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate. The heat exchange component can adopt the existing technology, including a first ring tube, a core body and a second ring tube arranged up and down. The first ring tube, the air flow path in the core body, and the second ring tube form a second air channel. The first ring tube, the external space of the second ring tube and the exhaust gas flow path in the core body form a second exhaust gas channel.

[0077] The bottom end of the inner ring plate is provided with a plurality of second exhaust gas inlets 303 along the annular direction, the second exhaust gas inlet 303 is connected to the air inlet end of the second exhaust gas channel, the upper ring cover is provided with a fourth exhaust gas outlet pipe 306, the outlet end of the fourth exhaust gas outlet pipe 306 is provided with a plurality of fifth bolt holes 307, the fifth bolt holes 307 are used to connect the fourth exhaust gas outlet pipe 306 with the first tail exhaust pipe 6.

[0078] A third air inlet pipe 301 is provided on the upper ring cover, and the air outlet end of the third air inlet pipe 301 is connected to the upper ring pipe for introducing air into the second air channel. A plurality of seventh bolt holes 310 are provided at the air inlet end of the third air inlet pipe 301 for connecting the third air inlet pipe 301 with the first air pipeline 8.

[0079] The lower ring tube is provided with a second air outlet pipe 304 for discharging air out of the second air channel. A connecting plate is provided at the air outlet end of the second air outlet pipe 304 . A third connecting bolt 305 is provided on the connecting plate for connecting the connecting plate to the bottom plate 10 .

[0080] The outer edge of the upper ring cover is provided with a plurality of sixth bolt holes 309 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction for connecting the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 with the reformer 4. The inner edge of the upper ring cover is provided with a plurality of fourth connecting bolts 308 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 are fixedly connected through the fourth connecting bolts 308 and the third bolt holes 206.

[0081] The bottom end of the outer ring plate is provided with a plurality of third exhaust gas outlets 302 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The third exhaust gas outlets 302 are connected to the air inlet end of the second exhaust gas channel. The exhaust gas is diverted here. A part of the exhaust gas entering the second exhaust gas channel continues to flow along the second exhaust gas channel and is discharged after entering the first tail exhaust pipe 6, while the other part passes through the second exhaust gas channel and flows out through the third exhaust gas outlet 302 and then enters the reformer 4.

[0082] like Figure 8-Figure 9As shown, the reformer 4 also adopts the current heat exchanger structure, including an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate. The top ends of the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate are fixed to the upper ring cover, and a sealing plate is provided at the bottom end. A heat exchange component is provided in the space between the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate. The heat exchange component can adopt existing technology, including an upper ring tube, a core body and a lower ring tube. The lower ring tube is fixed on the outer side surface of the inner ring plate and is connected to multiple third exhaust gas inlets 406 arranged along the annular direction of the inner ring plate. The lower ring tube, the upper ring tube and the exhaust gas flow path in the core serve as the third exhaust gas channel of the reformer 4. The third exhaust gas inlet 406 is connected to the third exhaust gas outlet 302. The exhaust gas discharged from the third exhaust outlet 302 of the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 enters the third exhaust gas channel of the reformer 4 through the third exhaust gas inlet 406.

[0083] The upper ring pipe is connected to the fifth exhaust gas outlet pipe 409 fixed on the upper ring plate. A plurality of eighth bolt holes 410 are provided at the outlet end of the fifth exhaust gas outlet pipe 409 . The fifth exhaust gas outlet pipe 409 is connected to the second tail pipe 7 via the eighth bolt holes 410 .

[0084] The reaction channel formed by the outer space of the upper ring tube and the lower ring tube of the heat exchange component and the reaction flow path in the core is used for reforming reaction.

[0085] A catalyst layer 404 is loaded in the reaction flow path of the core body as a catalyst for the reforming reaction.

[0086] The upper ring cover is provided with a second gas inlet pipe 401, a third gas inlet pipe 403 and a water inlet pipe 402 connected to the reaction channel, which are used to respectively pass the gas and water into the reaction channel. A hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 408 is provided on the sealing plate to discharge the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas after the reaction. A second temperature sensor 407 is installed on the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 408 to detect the temperature of the discharged hydrogen-containing synthesis gas.

[0087] The outer edge of the upper ring cover is provided with a plurality of ninth bolt holes 411 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction for fixing the reforming gas 4 and the exhaust cooler 5, and the inner edge is provided with a plurality of sixth connecting bolts 412 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and the reformer 4 are sealed and fixed by the sixth connecting bolts 412 and the sixth bolt holes 309.

[0088] A plurality of fifth connecting bolts 405 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the sealing plate, and the fifth connecting bolts 405 are used to fix the sealing plate to the bottom plate 10 .

[0089] In this embodiment, exhaust gas is introduced into the third exhaust channel of the reformer 4 as a heat source for the reforming reaction. Water and fuel gas are introduced into the reaction channel. Water is evaporated by the heat of the exhaust gas to form water vapor. After the water vapor and fuel gas flow to the catalyst layer 404, a reforming reaction occurs. The hydrogen-containing synthesis gas generated by the reforming reaction is discharged through the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 408, and the exhaust gas enters the second tail exhaust pipe 7 and is then discharged.

[0090] like Figure 10-11 As shown, the exhaust cooler 5 also adopts the existing heat exchanger structure, and its structure is similar to that of the reformer 4, and also includes an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate. The top ends of the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate are connected to the upper ring cover, and the bottom ends are connected to the sealing plate. A heat exchange component is provided in the space between the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate, and the heat exchange component forms a battery exhaust channel and a third air channel.

[0091] An exhaust inlet pipe 508 is provided on the upper ring plate, and the exhaust inlet pipe 508 is connected to the battery exhaust channel for introducing the battery exhaust into the battery exhaust channel. An exhaust outlet pipe 504 is provided on the sealing plate, and the exhaust outlet pipe is connected to the battery exhaust channel for discharging the battery exhaust after heat exchange. A third temperature sensor 503 is installed at the exhaust outlet pipe 504 for detecting the temperature of the battery exhaust after heat exchange.

[0092] A fourth air inlet pipe 505 communicating with the air inlet end of the third air channel is disposed on the sealing plate. The fourth air inlet pipe 505 is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 506 to detect the temperature of the air entering the third air channel.

[0093] The upper ring plate is provided with a third air outlet 502 , and a plurality of seventh connecting bolts 501 are provided around the third air outlet 502 . The seventh connecting bolts 501 are used to connect the third air outlet 502 to the air inlet end of the first air pipeline 8 .

[0094] A fourth air outlet pipe 510 is also provided on the upper ring plate. The fourth air outlet pipe 510 is connected to the air outlet end of the third air channel. A tenth bolt hole 511 is provided at the air outlet end of the fourth air outlet pipe 510. The fourth air outlet pipe 510 is connected to the second air pipeline 9 through the tenth bolt hole 511.

[0095] A plurality of eighth connecting bolts 509 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the upper edge of the upper ring plate, and the exhaust cooler 5 and the reformer 4 are fixedly connected through the eighth connecting bolts 509 and the ninth bolt holes 411 .

[0096] The battery exhaust enters the battery exhaust channel through the exhaust inlet pipe 508, and the cold air enters the third air channel through the fourth air inlet pipe 505. The battery exhaust and the cold air perform a wall-to-wall heat exchange, and the battery exhaust after the heat exchange is discharged through the exhaust outlet pipe. The air after the heat exchange is split, with one part entering the second air channel of the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 through the third air outlet and the first air pipeline 8, and the other part entering the first air channel of the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 through the fourth air outlet pipe and the second air pipeline.

[0097] like Fig.12As shown, a first flow regulator 602 and a sixth temperature sensor 601 are installed in the first tail exhaust pipe 6. The first flow regulator 602 regulates the flow resistance to achieve flow control. Its working principle is: based on the flow demand, the flow resistance is adjusted by changing the flow area, thereby achieving flow control. The first flow regulator 602 adopts an existing high-temperature butterfly valve or other flow regulating device, which can be selected by technicians in this field according to actual needs. The sixth temperature sensor 601 is used to detect the exhaust gas temperature discharged from the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3.

[0098] like Fig.13 As shown, a second flow regulator 702 and a seventh temperature sensor 701 are installed in the second tail exhaust pipe 7. The seventh temperature sensor 701 is used to detect the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the reformer 4. The second flow regulator 702 has a similar working principle to the first flow regulator 602, and also adopts a high-temperature butterfly valve or other flow regulating device to adjust the exhaust gas flow in the third exhaust channel in the reformer 4.

[0099] The first flow regulator 602 and the second flow regulator 702 can adjust the diversion ratio of the exhaust gas generated by the burner 1 entering the second exhaust channel and the third exhaust channel, so that the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas discharged from the reaction channel meets the requirements, the adjustment is convenient, the response speed is fast, and the accuracy is easier to control.

[0100] like Fig.14 As shown, one end of the first air pipeline 8 serves as an air intake end and has a fifth air inlet 802 . A plurality of eleventh bolt holes 801 are arranged around the fifth air inlet 802 . The first air pipeline is fixed to the third air outlet 502 of the exhaust cooler 5 through the eleventh bolt hole 801 and the seventh connecting bolt 501 .

[0101] The other end of the first air pipeline serves as an air outlet end and has a fifth air outlet 805. A plurality of twelfth bolt holes 804 are arranged around the periphery of the fifth air outlet 805. The first air pipeline 8 is connected to the third air inlet pipe 301 of the low-temperature air heat exchanger through the twelfth bolt hole 804 and the seventh bolt hole 310.

[0102] An eighth temperature sensor 803 is installed on the first air pipeline 8 for detecting the temperature of air discharged from the exhaust cooler 5 .

[0103] like Figure 15-16 As shown, the air intake end of the second air pipeline 9 is provided with a sixth air inlet 903, and the periphery of the sixth air inlet 903 is provided with a plurality of thirteenth bolt holes 902. The second air pipeline 9 is connected to the fourth air outlet 510 of the exhaust cooler 5 through the thirteenth bolt hole 902 and the tenth bolt hole 511.

[0104] A sixth air outlet 904 is provided at the air outlet end of the second air pipeline 9 , and a plurality of fourteenth bolt holes 905 are provided around the sixth air outlet 904 . The second air pipeline 9 is connected to the second air inlet pipe 201 of the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 through the fourteenth bolt hole 905 and the fourth bolt hole 208 .

[0105] A third flow regulator 901 is installed on the second air pipeline 9. Its working principle is similar to that of the first flow regulator 602. It also adopts a high-temperature butterfly valve or other flow regulating device to adjust the flow of the second air pipeline 9, thereby adjusting the diversion ratio of air entering the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2.

[0106] like Figure 17-Figure 18 As shown, it also includes a base plate 10, and a plurality of seventeenth bolt holes 1007 are arranged in a circumferential direction on the outer edge of the base plate 10. The base plate 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reformer 4 through the seventeenth bolt hole 1007 and the fifth connecting bolt 405. A cavity for accommodating exhaust gas is provided between the base plate 10 and the bottom surface of the high-temperature heat exchanger 2, and the cavity is connected to the second exhaust gas outlet 202 and the second exhaust gas inlet 303.

[0107] The bottom surface of the bottom plate 10 is also provided with a cold air mixing component, and the cold air mixing component is provided with a mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is communicated with the first channel and the second channel, the first channel is communicated with the eighth air inlet 1010, and the second channel is communicated with the ninth air inlet 1011, and the eighth air inlet 1010 and the ninth air inlet 1011 extend to the flange above the bottom plate 10 and are respectively connected to the first air outlet pipe 203 and the second air outlet pipe 304,

[0108] A fifteenth bolt hole 1002 is provided on the periphery of the ninth air inlet 1011 , and the ninth air inlet 1011 and the second air outlet pipe 304 of the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 are fixedly connected via the fifteenth bolt hole 1002 and the third connecting bolt 305 .

[0109] A sixteenth bolt hole 1004 is provided on the periphery of the eighth air inlet 1010 , and the eighth air inlet 1010 and the first air outlet pipe 203 are connected via the sixteenth bolt hole 1004 and the first connecting bolt 204 .

[0110] The mixing chamber is also connected to a seventh air inlet pipe 1003 provided in the cold air mixing component, which is used to introduce cold air into the mixing chamber for mixing with the hot air discharged from the high temperature heat exchanger 2 and the low temperature heat exchanger 3. After mixing to form air of suitable temperature, the air is discharged through a seventh air outlet 1009 provided in the cold air mixing component and connected to the mixing chamber. A plurality of eighteenth bolt holes 1008 are provided around the seventh air outlet 1009 for connecting the seventh air outlet 1009 to an external air pipeline.

[0111] A tenth temperature sensor 1005 is installed at the first channel for detecting the temperature of air discharged from the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 , and a ninth temperature sensor 1001 is installed at the second channel for detecting the temperature of air discharged from the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 .

[0112] An eleventh temperature sensor 1006 is provided at the center of the bottom plate 10 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2, and a twelfth temperature sensor 1012 is installed in the mixing chamber for detecting the temperature of the air leaving the entire integrated thermal component after mixing.

[0113] The air from the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 (through the first air outlet pipe 203 and the eighth air inlet 1010), the air from the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 (through the second air outlet 304 and the ninth air inlet 1011) and the cold air from the seventh air inlet 1003 are mixed in the base plate and then discharged from the integrated thermal component through the seventh air outlet 1009.

[0114] like Fig.19 As shown, the assembly method of the fuel cell integrated thermal component of this embodiment is:

[0115] Step 1: Install the burner 1. Install the burner 1 into the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 from the upper sleeve and connect it with bolts to complete the installation of the burner 1. Fig.19 (c) as shown.

[0116] Step 2: Install the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3. Install the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 from the bottom to the outside of the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 and fix it with bolts to complete the installation of the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3. Fig.19 (e) as shown.

[0117] Step 3: Install the reformer 4. Install the reformer 4 from the bottom to the outside of the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and fix it with bolts to complete the installation of the reformer 4. Fig.19 (g) as shown.

[0118] Step 4: Install the bottom plate 10. Turn over the whole module assembled in step 1 to step 3, and fix the bottom plate 10 to the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2, the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and the reformer 4 with bolts to complete the installation of the bottom plate 10. Fig.19 (j) as shown.

[0119] Step 5: Install the exhaust cooler 5. Turn over the entire module assembled according to steps 1 to 4, install the exhaust cooler 5 from the bottom to the outside of the reformer 4, and fix it with bolts to complete the installation of the exhaust cooler 5. Fig.19 (m) shown.

[0120] Step 6: Install the first air pipeline 8, such as Fig.19(n) shown.

[0121] Step 7: Install the second air pipeline 9, such as Fig.19 (o) as shown.

[0122] Step 8: Install the first tail pipe 6, such as Fig.19 (p) shown.

[0123] Step 9: Install the second tail pipe 7, such as Fig.19 (q) shown.

[0124] At this point, the installation process of the integrated thermal component is completed, and the structural cross-sectional view of the fuel cell integrated thermal component is as follows: Fig. 20 shown.

[0125] The integrated thermal component of this embodiment is provided with a high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 and a low-temperature air heat exchanger 3. The air exhausted by the exhaust cooler 5 enters the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 through the second air pipeline 9 and enters the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 through the first air pipeline 8. The high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 can utilize the air introduced to exchange heat with the exhaust gas exhausted by the burner 1. After the heat exchange, the exhaust gas enters the third exhaust gas channel of the reformer 4, thereby avoiding carbon deposition caused by excessively high exhaust gas temperature entering the reformer 4, thereby ensuring the normal and smooth operation of the entire fuel cell integrated thermal component.

[0126] Example 2

[0127] This embodiment provides a working method of the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion described in Embodiment 1:

[0128] The cold air entering the fuel cell integrated thermal component is divided into two paths, the main air enters the exhaust cooler 5 through the fourth air inlet pipe 505 on the exhaust cooler 5, and the branch air enters the integrated thermal component through the seventh air inlet pipe 1003 on the bottom plate 10. The flow rate of the cold air is dynamically adjusted according to the operating conditions of the fuel cell integrated thermal component. The main air entering through the fourth air inlet pipe 505 on the exhaust cooler 5 and the exhaust gas entering through the exhaust inlet pipe 508 on the exhaust cooler 5 exchange heat in the exhaust cooler 5. After the heat exchange is completed, the exhaust gas flows out of the exhaust cooler 5 through the exhaust outlet pipe 504, and the air flows out of the exhaust cooler 5 through the third air outlet 502 and the fourth air outlet 510 respectively.

[0129] When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is operated alone, the fuel gas required by the burner 1 comes from the outside, and the air required by the burner 1 can be provided by the outside air and the hot air exhausted by the fuel cell integrated thermal component alone or together. When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is coupled with a fuel cell or other equipment for operation, the fuel required by the burner 1 can be provided by the outside gas and (battery) exhaust gas alone or together, and the required air can be provided by the outside air and the hot air exhausted by the battery alone or together.

[0130] The fuel gas and air enter the burner 1 through the first fuel gas inlet pipe 102 and the first air inlet pipe 101 respectively. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion flows out from the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 and then enters the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2. The air flowing out from the fourth air outlet 510 on the exhaust cooler 5 enters the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 through the second air inlet pipe 201 on the high-temperature heat exchanger 2. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas and air perform inter-wall heat exchange in the high-temperature heat exchanger 2. After the heat exchange is completed, the combustion exhaust gas and air are discharged from the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 through the second exhaust gas outlet 202 and the first air outlet pipe 203 respectively.

[0131] The combustion exhaust gas discharged from the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 enters the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 through the second exhaust gas inlet 303, and the combustion exhaust gas is diverted in the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3. A part of the combustion exhaust gas exchanges heat with the air from the exhaust cooler 5 in the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 (the low-temperature air enters the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 through the third air outlet 502 on the exhaust cooler 5, the first air connecting pipe 8, and the third air inlet pipe 301 on the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3). After the heat exchange is completed, this part of the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the integrated heat component through the fourth exhaust gas outlet 306 and the first tail exhaust pipe 6, and the heated air flows through the second air outlet 304 and is discharged from the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3.

[0132] The combustion exhaust gas diverted from the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 enters the reformer 4 through the third exhaust gas inlet 406 on the reformer 4. At the same time, water and gas enter the reformer 4 through the water inlet pipe 402, the second gas inlet pipe 401, and the third gas inlet pipe 403 respectively. The water and gas perform inter-wall heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas. The mixture of water and gas simultaneously undergoes reforming reaction in the catalyst layer 404 in the reformer 4 to generate hydrogen-containing synthesis gas, which is discharged from the integrated thermal component through the reformed gas outlet pipe 408.

[0133] The air from the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 (through the first air outlet pipe 203 and the eighth air inlet 1010), the air from the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 (through the second air outlet 304 and the ninth air inlet 1011) and the cold air from the seventh air inlet 1003 are mixed in the base plate and then discharged from the integrated thermal component through the seventh air outlet 1009.

[0134] like Fig.21As shown, the control operation logic of the entire fuel cell integrated thermal component is as follows:

[0135] a) Burner ignition: System startup, burner 1 self-check, start air 1 supply and close branch air, start air 2 supply, start gas 1 supply, burner ignition, determine whether burner ignition is successful based on burner 1 outlet temperature T1, after burner ignition is successful, adjust air 1 and gas 1 supply, increase hot component temperature, and monitor T1 to ensure stable operation of the burner;

[0136] Air 1 is the first air source, gas 1 is the first gas source, and air 2 is the second air source.

[0137] b) Tail exhaust temperature monitoring: adjust the third flow regulator 901 to adjust the air flow entering the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 to ensure that the tail gas outlet temperature T11 of the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 meets the requirements;

[0138] In this embodiment, by setting the third flow regulator 901, the diversion ratio of air entering the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2 and the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 can be adjusted, so that the exhaust gas temperature entering the reformer 4 can be adjusted more quickly, the adjustment response speed is fast, and the control is more precise.

[0139] c) System temperature increase: adjust the first flow regulator 602 and the second flow regulator 702 to ensure that the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3 and the reformer 4 are heated;

[0140] d) Reformer purge: After the outlet temperature T7 of the tail gas side of the reformer 4 reaches the set requirement, start the water supply, use the combustion tail gas of the burner 1 to evaporate water, and purge the fuel side with water;

[0141] Among them, water supply is provided by a water source.

[0142] e) Water reforming: After the outlet temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas side of the reformer 4 reaches the set temperature T2, the supply of the fuel gas 2 is started to start the reforming reaction; wherein, the fuel gas 2 is the second fuel gas source.

[0143] f) Reforming power regulation: adjust the supply of fuel gas 2 to increase the reforming power to the set value. Since the reforming reaction process needs to absorb heat, it is necessary to adjust the second flow regulator 702 and the first flow regulator 602 to ensure that the outlet temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas reaches the set value T2;

[0144] In this embodiment, the second temperature sensor 407 monitors the temperature T2 of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas leaving the integrated thermal component. If the temperature T2 does not meet the requirements, the second flow regulator 702 is adjusted first, and then the first flow regulator 602 is adjusted. By adjusting the diversion ratio of the combustion exhaust gas in the reformer 4 and the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3, it is ensured that T2 meets the system requirements.

[0145] g) Hot air outlet temperature adjustment: Start the branch air and adjust the air distribution pipeline to ensure that the hot air outlet temperature reaches the set temperature T12. If the branch adjustment cannot ensure that the hot air outlet temperature T12 and the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet temperature T2 meet the requirements at the same time, the burner 1 outlet temperature T1 can be controlled by adjusting the gas 1 supply to ensure that the hot air outlet temperature T12 and the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet temperature T2 meet the requirements at the same time.

[0146] In this embodiment, when T2 meets the requirements, the twelfth temperature sensor 1012 monitors the air outlet temperature T12 leaving the integrated thermal component. If T12 cannot meet the requirements, the air distribution ratio is adjusted first. If T12 still cannot meet the requirements, the flow rate of the gas 1 needs to be adjusted to change the burner 1 outlet temperature T1, so that T12 can meet the system requirements while ensuring that T2 meets the system requirements.

[0147] When the system is running, the fifth temperature sensor 507 monitors the battery exhaust temperature T5 entering the integrated thermal component, the third temperature sensor 503 monitors the battery exhaust temperature T3 leaving the integrated thermal component, the fourth temperature sensor 506 monitors the cold air temperature T4 entering the integrated thermal component, the sixth temperature sensor 601 monitors the combustion exhaust gas temperature T6 leaving the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3, the seventh temperature sensor 701 monitors the combustion exhaust gas temperature T7 leaving the reformer 4, the eighth temperature sensor 803 monitors the air temperature T8 leaving the exhaust cooler 5, the ninth temperature sensor 1001 monitors the air temperature T9 leaving the low-temperature air heat exchanger 3, the tenth temperature sensor 1005 monitors the air temperature T10 leaving the high-temperature air heat exchanger, and the eleventh temperature sensor 1006 monitors the exhaust gas temperature T11 leaving the high-temperature air heat exchanger 2, which are used to evaluate the working status of the integrated thermal component.

[0148] Example 3

[0149] This embodiment provides a fuel cell system, such as Fig. 22 As shown, the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas and air diversion described in Example 1 is provided, wherein the exhaust inlet pipe 508 is connected to the battery exhaust pipeline of the battery system, the first gas inlet pipe 102 of the burner 1 is connected to the first gas source, the first air inlet pipe 101 is connected to the first air source, the second gas inlet pipe 401 and the third gas inlet pipe 403 of the reformer 4 are connected to the second gas source, the water inlet pipe 402 is connected to the water source, the fourth air inlet pipe 505 of the exhaust cooler 5 is connected to the dry air of the second air source, and its branch air is connected to the seventh air inlet pipe 1003.

[0150] The remaining structure of the fuel cell system can adopt the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0151] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion, characterized in that: It includes a burner, a high-temperature air heat exchanger, a low-temperature air heat exchanger, a reformer and an exhaust gas cooler which are sequentially connected from the inside to the outside; A first air channel and a first tail gas channel capable of heat exchange are provided in the high-temperature air heat exchanger, and an air inlet end of the first tail gas channel is connected to a tail gas outlet end of the burner; The low-temperature air heat exchanger has a second air channel and a second exhaust gas channel for heat exchange, and the air inlet end of the second exhaust gas channel is connected to the air outlet end of the first exhaust gas channel; The reformer has a reaction channel for heat exchange and a third tail gas channel. The reaction channel is loaded with a catalyst to carry out a reforming reaction after water and fuel gas are introduced. The air inlet end of the third tail gas channel is connected to the tail gas outlet provided at the air inlet end of the second tail gas channel. The exhaust cooler has a battery exhaust channel capable of heat exchange and a third air channel. The third air channel is connected to the air intake end of the first air channel through a first air pipeline and is connected to the air intake end of the second air channel through a second air pipeline.

2. The fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature air heat exchanger includes an inner wall and an outer wall arranged coaxially, the top ends of the inner wall and the outer wall are connected to an annular plate, the bottom end of the outer wall is connected to a bottom cover, the bottom end of the inner wall is connected to a tail gas cavity, a burner is sleeved inside the inner wall, and the tail gas generated by the burner can enter the tail gas cavity, and a heat exchange component is provided below the tail gas cavity. The heat exchange component adopts a downstream partition wall heat exchanger, and has a first tail gas channel and a first air channel. The bottom cavity wall of the tail gas cavity is provided with a plurality of tail gas ports, and the tail gas ports are connected with the corresponding first tail gas channels. The outlet end of the first tail gas channel is connected to the bottom cover to form a tail gas outlet, and an air inlet pipe connected to the space between the inner wall and the outer wall is provided on the annular plate, the space between the inner wall and the outer wall is connected with the air inlet end of the first air channel of the heat exchange component, and the outlet end of the first air channel is connected with the air outlet pipe arranged on the bottom cover.

3. According to the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas and air diversion as described in claim 2, the top of the inner wall and the outer wall are fixedly connected to the annular plate, and an air inlet pipe is provided on the annular plate, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the space between the inner wall and the outer wall.

4. According to the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas and air diversion as described in claim 1, a base plate is provided below the reformer and the low-temperature air heat exchanger, and an exhaust gas space is formed between the base plate and the bottom end of the high-temperature air heat exchanger, and the exhaust gas space is connected to the outlet end of the first exhaust gas channel, and is connected to the exhaust gas inlet at the air inlet end of the second exhaust gas channel of the low-temperature air heat exchanger and the exhaust gas outlet arranged at the air inlet end.

5. As claimed in claim 4, the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas and air diversion is provided with a cold air mixing component on the bottom plate, and a mixing chamber is provided in the cold air mixing component. The mixing chamber is connected to the air outlets of the first air channel and the second air channel, and the mixing chamber is also connected to the air inlet pipe to allow cooling air to enter.

6. The fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion as claimed in claim 1, wherein a flow regulator is installed in the second air pipeline to adjust the air flow entering the first air channel.

7. The fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the second tail gas channel is connected to the first tail exhaust pipe, and a flow regulator is installed in the first tail exhaust pipe.

8. The fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the third tail gas channel is connected to the second tail exhaust pipe, and a flow regulator is installed in the second tail exhaust pipe.

9. The fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas and air diversion as described in claim 1, wherein the burner includes a combustion chamber, an air inlet pipe and a gas inlet pipe are provided at the top of the combustion chamber, an exhaust gas outlet pipe is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and a temperature sensor is installed at the exhaust gas outlet pipe.

10. A method for operating a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The burner is ignited, and the exhaust gas generated enters the first exhaust gas channel. After the exhaust gas enters the first exhaust gas channel, it is split, one part passes through the intake end of the second exhaust gas channel and directly enters the third exhaust gas channel of the reformer, and the other part flows through the second exhaust gas channel; Adjusting the air flow entering the first air channel so that the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first exhaust gas channel reaches a set temperature T11; Adjust the exhaust gas flow rates of the second exhaust gas channel and the third exhaust gas channel, and after the exhaust gas temperature discharged from the third exhaust gas channel reaches the set temperature T7, introduce water into the reaction channel; After the temperature at the outlet of the reaction channel reaches the set temperature T2, fuel gas is introduced into the reaction channel to start the reforming reaction.

11. The working method of the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion according to claim 10, characterized in that: If the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas discharged from the reaction channel cannot meet the requirement, the tail gas flow rates in the second tail gas channel and the third tail gas channel are adjusted until the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas meets the requirement.

12. A fuel cell system, provided with a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas and air diversion according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the battery exhaust channel is connected to the battery exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell system.

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