An adaptive overvoltage protection system and method for energy storage battery

Abstract

The present invention provides an adaptive overvoltage protection system and method for energy storage batteries, which can provide overvoltage protection for an expandable energy storage system and can provide overvoltage protection when different numbers of battery packs are assembled. A battery access identification module is configured to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs; a reference voltage adjustment module includes a plurality of control MOS tubes, which are switched on and off according to the adaptive adjustment signal so that the corresponding adjustment resistors are short-circuited or connected to a reference voltage power supply circuit to adjust the output reference voltage according to the number of connected battery packs; a comparison circuit module includes a comparator, one input end of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage output end, and another input end of the comparator inputs an equivalent voltage sampled by a battery pack, and the output of the output end of the comparator is used for overvoltage monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and in particular to an adaptive overvoltage protection system and method for energy storage batteries. Background Art

[0002] Battery overvoltage means that the voltage of the battery exceeds the maximum safe voltage value specified by the manufacturer during charging or use. Excessive voltage can cause the chemical reaction inside the battery to get out of control, which may cause the battery to overheat, swell, or even explode.

[0003] To prevent overvoltage of the battery, the battery management system (BMS) usually integrates overvoltage protection function. Overvoltage protection can prevent the battery voltage from exceeding its maximum allowable value during charging, which is critical to the safety and life of the battery. When it is detected that the battery voltage exceeds the preset safety threshold, the BMS will immediately take measures, such as cutting off the charging circuit or issuing an alarm, to ensure the safety of the battery and the equipment.

[0004] It is a common method to implement overvoltage protection through a comparison circuit. The comparison circuit can monitor the battery voltage in real time. The core of the comparison circuit is the voltage comparator, which compares the input voltage with the reference voltage. When the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the voltage comparator outputs a high-level signal to trigger the protection mechanism.

[0005] For energy storage systems, the requirements for energy storage systems vary greatly in different application scenarios. For household energy storage, only one or two battery packs may be needed to meet the daily electricity needs of the household; for commercial energy storage, multiple battery packs may be needed to meet the electricity needs of commercial buildings. In addition, since the cost of the energy storage system is mainly determined by the number and capacity of battery packs, configuring fewer battery packs can reduce the initial investment cost, and initially configuring more battery packs can meet higher energy requirements, but will cause unnecessary cost waste, so energy storage systems are often designed to expand capacity. By designing modular battery packs, the number of battery packs can be easily increased or decreased.

[0006] The resulting problem is that existing overvoltage protection circuits are often designed for fixed voltages, and cannot provide reliable overvoltage protection for scalable energy storage systems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an adaptive overvoltage protection system and method for energy storage batteries, which can provide overvoltage protection for scalable energy storage systems and can provide overvoltage protection when assembling different numbers of battery packs.

[0008] The technical solution is as follows: an adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries, characterized in that it includes:

[0009] A battery access identification module, the battery access identification module is configured to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs;

[0010] A reference voltage adjustment module, the reference voltage adjustment module includes a plurality of control MOS tubes, the drain and source of each of the control MOS tubes are respectively connected to the two ends of an adjustment resistor, the adjustment resistors are respectively connected in series in the reference voltage power supply loop, a reference voltage output terminal is provided between the adjustment resistors, and the control MOS tube is configured to be switched on and off according to the adaptive adjustment signal input by the battery access identification module, so that the corresponding adjustment resistor is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply loop, so as to adjust the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted by the reference voltage output terminal according to the number of connected battery packs;

[0011] A comparison circuit module, wherein the comparison circuit module comprises a comparator, wherein one of the input terminals of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage output terminal, another input terminal of the comparator inputs the equivalent voltage sampled by the battery pack, and the output of the output terminal of the comparator is used for overvoltage monitoring.

[0012] Furthermore, the battery connection identification module includes a variable resistance unit, the resistance value of the variable resistance unit changes with the number of connected batteries; the variable resistance unit and the voltage-dividing resistor are connected in series, the other end of the voltage-dividing resistor is connected to the power supply, the other end of the variable resistance unit is grounded, and a battery connection signal output terminal is provided between the variable resistance unit and the voltage-dividing resistor;

[0013] The battery access identification module also includes a plurality of comparison units, each of which includes a battery access signal comparator, wherein the battery access signal output end is respectively connected to one of the input ends of all the battery access signal comparators, and the other input ends of the battery access signal comparators are respectively connected to different reference voltages, and the output end of the battery access signal comparator outputs an adaptive adjustment signal. The battery access identification module is configured to trigger different comparison units to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs.

[0014] Furthermore, the variable resistance unit includes battery identification resistors, and the battery identification resistors are respectively connected to communication lines, and the communication lines are used to connect batteries. When at least two battery packs are connected to the communication lines and access the system, the battery identification resistors are connected in parallel.

[0015] Furthermore, the control MOS tube includes a normally-on control MOS tube and a normally-off control MOS tube, the normally-on control MOS tube is connected to both ends of the adjustment resistor between the power supply and the reference voltage output end, and the normally-off control MOS tube is connected to both ends of the adjustment resistor between the reference voltage output end and the ground, and the adaptive adjustment signal can simultaneously control a normally-on control MOS tube to disconnect and a normally-off control MOS tube to turn on, so that the correspondingly connected adjustment resistor is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply circuit.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of the comparison units is one less than the maximum number of battery packs that can be connected to the energy storage system.

[0017] Furthermore, one of the normally-on control MOS tube and the normally-off control MOS tube is a PMOS tube, and the other is an NMOS tube.

[0018] Furthermore, a gate of any one of the normally-on control MOS tube and the normally-off control MOS tube is connected to an inverter.

[0019] An adaptive overvoltage protection method for an energy storage battery, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the above-mentioned adaptive overvoltage protection system for an energy storage battery, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Identify the number of connected battery packs and output adaptive adjustment signals;

[0021] According to the adaptive adjustment signal, the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted from the reference voltage output terminal is adjusted;

[0022] By comparing the adjusted reference voltage with the sampled voltage of the battery pack, it is determined whether overvoltage occurs.

[0023] The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries of the present invention can intelligently identify the number of connected battery packs through a battery access identification module, and provide an adaptive adjustment signal to a reference voltage adjustment module to dynamically adjust the reference voltage, thereby ensuring that effective overvoltage protection can be provided under different battery pack configurations. The adaptive overvoltage protection system and method for energy storage batteries of the present invention can automatically adjust the reference voltage of the input comparison circuit according to the number of connected battery packs, thereby ensuring that effective overvoltage protection can be provided under different configurations. No matter how many battery packs are actually assembled in the energy storage system, it can be ensured that the batteries will not be damaged due to overvoltage, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system. The adaptive overvoltage protection system of the present invention enables the energy storage system to adapt to different numbers of battery packs, thereby avoiding the cost waste and design complexity caused by fixed configurations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1is a module block diagram of an adaptive overvoltage protection system for an energy storage battery in an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 A block diagram of a battery access identification module in implementation;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of some components of a battery access identification module to which one of the comparison units in the battery access identification module is connected;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the composition of a battery access identification module is shown;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of part A of the reference voltage adjustment module;

[0029] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of part B of the reference voltage adjustment module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] See Figure 1 , 2 , an adaptive overvoltage protection system for an energy storage battery, comprising:

[0031] A battery access identification module 100, the battery access identification module 100 is configured to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs;

[0032] The reference voltage adjustment module 200 includes a plurality of control MOS tubes, the drain and source of each control MOS tube are respectively connected to the two ends of an adjustment resistor, the adjustment resistors are respectively connected in series in the reference voltage power supply loop, and a reference voltage output terminal is provided between the adjustment resistors. The control MOS tube is configured to be switched on and off according to the adaptive adjustment signal input by the battery access identification module 100, so that the corresponding adjustment resistor is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply loop, so as to adjust the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted by the reference voltage output terminal according to the number of connected battery packs;

[0033] The comparison circuit module 300 includes a comparator, one of the input terminals of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage output terminal, the other input terminal of the comparator inputs the equivalent voltage sampled by the battery pack, and the output of the output terminal of the comparator is used for overvoltage monitoring.

[0034] The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries in the embodiment can identify the number of connected battery packs through the battery access identification module 100, and give an adaptive adjustment signal to the reference voltage adjustment module 200. The control MOS tube of the reference voltage adjustment module 200 can be turned on and off according to the adaptive adjustment signal, so that the adjustment resistor corresponding to the control MOS tube is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply circuit, and the resistance in the reference voltage power supply circuit is adjusted, thereby adjusting the reference voltage output by the reference voltage output terminal according to the number of connected battery packs; ensuring that effective overvoltage protection can be provided under different battery pack configurations. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries of the present invention can automatically adjust the reference voltage of the input comparison circuit according to the number of connected battery packs, ensuring that effective overvoltage protection can be provided under different configurations. No matter how many battery packs are actually assembled in the energy storage system, it can ensure that the battery will not be damaged due to overvoltage, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system. The adaptive overvoltage protection system of the present invention enables the energy storage system to adapt to different numbers of battery packs, avoiding the cost waste and design complexity caused by fixed configurations.

[0035] By adopting the adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries in the embodiment, the energy storage system is not only suitable for household energy storage, but also for commercial and industrial energy storage, and is adaptable to various application scenarios.

[0036] See Figure 2 In the embodiment, the battery access identification module 100 includes a variable resistor unit 110, the resistance value of the variable resistor unit 110 changes with the number of connected batteries, the variable resistor unit 110 includes a battery identification resistor 111, and the battery identification resistors 111 are respectively connected to the communication lines, and the communication lines are used to connect the batteries. When at least two battery packs are connected to the communication lines to access the system, the battery identification resistors are connected in parallel.

[0037] For the battery pack, each battery pack has an RJ45 on the BMS board, and each corresponding pin of the RJ45 of all battery packs is connected in parallel in a bus-like manner; CAN communication uses two of the eight wires in the RJ45 and two power lines. Two of the remaining four are selected as communication lines to be connected in parallel with the battery identification resistor 111. A battery identification resistor 111 is connected in series between the two pins. Because each pin is connected in parallel, each time a battery is connected, the two ends of the battery identification resistor 111 are connected together, and an additional resistor will be connected in parallel. After the resistors are connected in parallel, the resistance value of the variable resistor unit 110 becomes smaller.

[0038] In the embodiment, the variable resistance unit 110 and the voltage-dividing resistor 112 are connected in series, the other end of the voltage-dividing resistor 112 is connected to the power supply, the other end of the variable resistance unit 110 is grounded, and a battery access signal output terminal 113 is provided between the variable resistance unit 110 and the voltage-dividing resistor 112;

[0039] The battery access identification module 100 also includes a plurality of comparison units 120. The number of the comparison units 120 is set according to the maximum number of battery packs that can be connected to the energy storage system, specifically one less than the maximum number of battery packs. The comparison unit 120 includes a battery access signal comparator. The battery access signal output end is respectively connected to one of the input ends of all the battery access signal comparators. The other input end of the battery access signal comparator is respectively connected to a different reference voltage. The output end of the battery access signal comparator outputs an adaptive adjustment signal. The reference voltage adjustment module 200 triggers different comparison units 120 to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs.

[0040] In the embodiment, the battery access identification module can automatically identify the number of connected battery packs and output an adaptive adjustment signal, thereby reducing the need for manual intervention and improving the intelligence level of the system.

[0041] See Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the control MOS tube corresponding to each comparison unit includes a normally-on control MOS tube 201 and a normally-off control MOS tube 202. The normally-on control MOS tube 201 is connected to both ends of an adjustment resistor 203 between a power supply and a reference voltage output terminal 204, and the normally-off control MOS tube 202 is connected to both ends of the adjustment resistor 203 between the reference voltage output terminal 204 and the ground. The adaptive adjustment signal can simultaneously control a normally-on control MOS tube to be disconnected and a normally-off control MOS tube to be turned on, so that the correspondingly connected adjustment resistor 203 is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply circuit, so as to adjust the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted by the reference voltage output terminal 204 according to the number of connected battery packs.

[0042] In one implementation, one of the normally-on control MOS transistor 201 and the normally-off control MOS transistor 202 is a PMOS transistor, and the other is an NMOS transistor, so that one signal can simultaneously make one of the two MOS transistors open and the other closed.

[0043] In another embodiment, the gate of any one of the normally-on control MOS transistor 201 and the normally-off control MOS transistor 202 is connected to an inverter, and the inverter can realize that one signal can simultaneously open and close the two MOS transistors.

[0044] See Figure 4, 5, 6, The following takes a specific energy storage system as an example to illustrate the adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries of the present invention. The configuration of the battery in the energy storage system can be equipped with 1-6 batteries according to actual needs, wherein the maximum voltage of a single battery pack is 3.5*24=84V, and the six battery packs are 84*6=504V. If the overvoltage protection circuit is set to a fixed value of 500V, it will basically lose its safety effect if the energy storage system does not have 6 battery packs.

[0045] An adaptive overvoltage protection system for an energy storage battery in the embodiment is adopted, and the resistance of the battery identification resistor 111 in the system is set to 8K ohms. When only one battery is connected, the overall resistance of the variable resistance unit 110 is 8K ohms. When two batteries are connected, it is equivalent to having two 8K ohms resistors in parallel, and the overall resistance of the variable resistance unit 110 is 4K ohms. When three batteries are connected, it is equivalent to having three 8K ohms resistors in parallel, and the overall resistance of the variable resistance unit 110 is approximately 2666.67 ohms. By analogy, when six batteries are connected, it is equivalent to having six 8K ohms resistors in parallel, and the overall resistance of the variable resistance unit 110 is approximately 1333.33 ohms.

[0046] There are five corresponding comparison units 120, namely, a 2-battery voltage comparison unit, a 3-battery voltage comparison unit, a 4-battery voltage comparison unit, a 5-battery voltage comparison unit, and a 6-battery voltage comparison unit.

[0047] When one battery is connected, the voltage division is maximum. After comparison, the five comparison units all output high-level adaptive adjustment signals, so that the upper normally-on control MOS tube 201 is fully turned on, and the adjustment resistor 203 connected to the normally-on control MOS tube 201 is short-circuited, and the lower normally-off control MOS tube 202 is fully disconnected, and the adjustment resistor 203 connected to the normally-off control MOS tube 202 is fully connected to the reference circuit power supply loop. At this time, the output reference voltage is maximum;

[0048] When two batteries are connected, the voltage division becomes smaller than when one battery is connected. After comparison by the five comparison units, the two battery voltage division comparison units output a low-level adaptive adjustment signal, and the other comparison units output a high-level adaptive adjustment signal. The normally-on control MOS tube 201 corresponding to the two battery voltage division comparison units is disconnected, and the other normally-on control MOS tubes 201 are turned on. The normally-off control MOS tube 202 corresponding to the two battery voltage division comparison units is turned on, and the other normally-off control MOS tubes 202 are disconnected. At this time, the output reference voltage becomes smaller than when one battery pack is connected.

[0049] When three batteries are connected, the voltage division becomes smaller than when two batteries are connected. After comparison by the five comparison units, the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit and the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit output low-level adaptive adjustment signals, and the other comparison units output high-level adaptive adjustment signals. The normally-on control MOS tubes 201 corresponding to the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit and the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit are disconnected, and the other normally-on control MOS tubes 201 are turned on. The normally-off control MOS tubes 202 corresponding to the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit and the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit are turned on, and the other normally-off control MOS tubes 202 are disconnected. At this time, the output reference voltage becomes smaller than when two battery packs are connected.

[0050] When 4 batteries are connected, the voltage division becomes smaller than when 3 batteries are connected. After comparison by the five comparison units, the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit, and the 4-battery voltage division comparison unit output low-level adaptive adjustment signals, and the other comparison units output high-level adaptive adjustment signals. The normally-on control MOS tubes 201 corresponding to the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit, and the 4-battery voltage division comparison unit are disconnected, and the other normally-on control MOS tubes 201 are turned on. The normally-off control MOS tubes 202 corresponding to the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit, and the 4-battery voltage division comparison unit are turned on, and the other normally-off control MOS tubes 202 are disconnected. At this time, the output reference voltage becomes smaller than when 3 battery packs are connected.

[0051] When 5 batteries are connected, the voltage division becomes smaller than when 3 batteries are connected. After comparison by the five comparison units, the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 4-battery voltage division comparison unit, and the 5-battery voltage division comparison unit output a low-level adaptive adjustment signal, and the 6-battery voltage division comparison unit outputs a high-level adaptive adjustment signal. The normally-on control MOS tube 201 corresponding to the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 4-battery voltage division comparison unit, and the 5-battery voltage division comparison unit is disconnected, and the normally-on control MOS tube 201 corresponding to the 6-battery voltage division comparison unit is turned on. The normally-off control MOS tube 202 corresponding to the 2-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 3-battery voltage division comparison unit, the 4-battery voltage division comparison unit, and the 5-battery voltage division comparison unit is turned on, and the normally-off control MOS tube 202 corresponding to the 6-battery voltage division comparison unit is disconnected. At this time, the output reference voltage becomes smaller than when 6 battery packs are connected.

[0052] When 6 batteries are connected, the voltage division is minimum. After comparison, the five comparison units all output low-level adaptive adjustment signals, so that the upper normally-on control MOS tubes 201 are all disconnected, and the adjustment resistors 203 connected to the normally-on control MOS tubes 201 are all connected to the reference circuit power supply loop. The lower normally-off control MOS tubes 202 are all closed, and the adjustment resistors 203 connected to the normally-off control MOS tubes 202 are all short-circuited, leaving only the safety resistor closest to the ground. At this time, the output reference voltage is minimum;

[0053] In the embodiment, 6 different reference voltages are given according to the number of connected battery packs. The connection of each battery pack will change the resistance value of the variable resistance unit. The on-off state of each control MOS tube is adaptively and dynamically adjusted according to the number of connected battery packs. Through the combination of multiple control MOS tubes and adjustment resistors, adaptive adjustment of the reference voltage and the number of connected battery packs is achieved.

[0054] The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries in the embodiment realizes real-time monitoring of the access status of the battery pack and dynamically adjusts the reference voltage according to the access status of the monitored battery pack, ensuring that the overvoltage protection parameters always match the energy storage system configuration, thereby improving the response speed and protection effect of the system.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, an adaptive overvoltage protection method for an energy storage battery is further provided. The method is implemented based on the adaptive overvoltage protection system for an energy storage battery described above, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0056] Identify the number of connected battery packs and output adaptive adjustment signals;

[0057] According to the adaptive adjustment signal, the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted from the reference voltage output terminal is adjusted;

[0058] By comparing the adjusted reference voltage with the sampled voltage of the battery pack to determine whether overvoltage occurs, the method of the present invention can significantly improve the safety and reliability of the energy storage system.

[0059] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0060] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries, characterized in that: include: A battery access identification module, the battery access identification module is configured to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs; A reference voltage adjustment module, the reference voltage adjustment module includes a plurality of control MOS tubes, the drain and source of each of the control MOS tubes are respectively connected to the two ends of an adjustment resistor, the adjustment resistors are respectively connected in series in the reference voltage power supply loop, a reference voltage output terminal is provided between the adjustment resistors, and the control MOS tube is configured to be switched on and off according to the adaptive adjustment signal input by the battery access identification module, so that the corresponding adjustment resistor is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply loop, so as to adjust the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted by the reference voltage output terminal according to the number of connected battery packs; A comparison circuit module, wherein the comparison circuit module comprises a comparator, wherein one of the input terminals of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage output terminal, another input terminal of the comparator inputs the equivalent voltage sampled by the battery pack, and the output of the output terminal of the comparator is used for overvoltage monitoring.

2. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery connection identification module includes a variable resistance unit, the resistance value of which changes with the number of connected batteries; the variable resistance unit and the voltage-dividing resistor are connected in series, the other end of the voltage-dividing resistor is connected to the power supply, and the other end of the variable resistance unit is grounded, and a battery connection signal output terminal is provided between the variable resistance unit and the voltage-dividing resistor; The battery access identification module also includes a plurality of comparison units, each of which includes a battery access signal comparator, wherein the battery access signal output end is respectively connected to one of the input ends of all the battery access signal comparators, and the other input ends of the battery access signal comparators are respectively connected to different reference voltages, and the output end of the battery access signal comparator outputs an adaptive adjustment signal. The battery access identification module is configured to trigger different comparison units to output an adaptive adjustment signal according to the number of connected battery packs.

3. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable resistor unit includes battery identification resistors, which are respectively connected to communication lines. The communication lines are used to connect batteries. When at least two battery packs are connected to the system via the communication lines, the battery identification resistors are connected in parallel.

4. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the comparison units is one less than the maximum number of battery packs that can be connected to the energy storage system.

5. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control MOS tube includes a normally-on control MOS tube and a normally-off control MOS tube, the normally-on control MOS tube is connected to both ends of the adjustment resistor between the power supply and the reference voltage output end, and the normally-off control MOS tube is connected to both ends of the adjustment resistor between the reference voltage output end and the ground, and the adaptive adjustment signal can simultaneously control a normally-on control MOS tube to be disconnected and a normally-off control MOS tube to be turned on, so that the correspondingly connected adjustment resistor is short-circuited or connected to the reference voltage power supply circuit.

6. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the normally-on control MOS tube and the normally-off control MOS tube is a PMOS tube, and the other is an NMOS tube.

7. The adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gate of any one of the normally-on control MOS tube and the normally-off control MOS tube is connected with an inverter.

8. An adaptive overvoltage protection method for energy storage batteries, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the adaptive overvoltage protection system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, and the method comprises the following steps: Identify the number of connected battery packs and output adaptive adjustment signals; According to the adaptive adjustment signal, the magnitude of the reference voltage outputted from the reference voltage output terminal is adjusted; By comparing the adjusted reference voltage with the sampled voltage of the battery pack, it is determined whether overvoltage occurs.

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