Multi-channel optical routing system module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication between chips, and discloses a multi-channel optical routing system module which comprises a plurality of MEMS lenses, a reflector, a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and a plurality of detectors. Wherein one vertical cavity surface emitting laser and one detector form a group of transceiving channels; a group of MEMS lenses are arranged above the channel, one MEMS lens reflects a laser beam emitted by the vertical cavity surface emitting laser to a transfer reflecting mirror in the channel, and the other MEMS lens reflects a laser beam from the transfer reflecting mirror to a detector; real-time information transmission among different channels is realized through joint cooperation of the transfer reflecting mirror and the MEMS lens, and finally, optical signal communication is adjusted and optimized through real-time detection and feedback of optical signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication between chips and discloses a multi-channel optical routing system module. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, the demand for high-performance computing, data centers and Internet of Things (IoT) devices is increasing. In these applications, the speed, bandwidth and energy efficiency of data transmission have become key indicators. Traditional electronic interconnection technology has gradually reached its physical limits, especially in the field of short-distance and high-density interconnection. In order to overcome these limitations, chip-to-chip optical interconnection technology has emerged and has become an important part of the next-generation communication architecture. Traditional electronic interconnection technology, based on signal transmission over copper wires, has the following limitations: With the increase in data transmission rate, the attenuation and distortion of signals in copper wires intensify, resulting in a decrease in effective bandwidth; high-speed signals are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) when transmitted over copper wires, affecting the integrity and reliability of signals; high-speed electronic interconnection generates high power consumption during signal transmission, which poses challenges to the heat dissipation management and energy efficiency of equipment; electronic interconnection technology has limitations in high-density integration and is difficult to meet the growing integration needs. Optical interconnection technology uses light waves as information carriers to establish high-speed communication links between chips. Compared with traditional electronic interconnection, optical interconnection has significant advantages.

[0003] For example, a Chinese patent with the authorization publication number CN104849812A discloses an optical multi-channel router, including a housing, an input distributor, an output distributor, a switching optical fiber, an optical fiber input collimator, an optical fiber output collimator, multiple input collimators, multiple output collimators, multiple output optical fibers, multiple photodetectors, and multiple output ports, one end of the switching optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber input collimator, and the other end is connected to an optical fiber output collimator; the input distributor can drive the optical fiber input collimator to align with multiple input collimators one by one; the output distributor can drive the optical fiber output collimator to align with multiple output collimators one by one; and multiple output optical fibers are respectively connected between multiple output collimators and multiple photodetectors. Since multiple photodetectors are centrally arranged, a unified hardware configuration can be used, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is consistent when analyzing different physical optical properties, reducing the measurement error caused by photoelectric conversion to optical analysis, and the experimental operation is simple and convenient.

[0004] The above patent relies on input distributors and output distributors to drive the fiber collimator to align with multiple input / output collimators one by one, and the mechanical structure is relatively complex. During frequent switching of optical paths or long-term operation, wear and looseness of mechanical parts and small errors generated during manufacturing and assembly may accumulate, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of optical path alignment, affecting the transmission efficiency and accuracy of optical signals. Although multiple photoelectric detectors are centrally set and use a unified hardware configuration to a certain extent to ensure the consistency of photoelectric conversion efficiency, it may not meet the high sensitivity and specificity detection requirements for optical signals of different wavelengths and power ranges, and the subsequent photoelectric signal processing part is not elaborated in detail. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-channel optical routing system module, comprising:

[0007] A transmitting module, comprising a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;

[0008] The MEMS lens module includes a plurality of MEMS lenses, wherein the first MEMS lens is used for relaying and reflecting the laser beam emitted by the transmitting laser and reflecting the relay reflector, and the second MEMS lens reflects the laser beam from the relay reflector to the detector;

[0009] A transfer reflector, comprising an upper reflector and a lower reflector, wherein the upper reflector is used to receive a laser beam reflected by a MEMS lens, and the lower reflector is used to reflect the laser beam reflected by the upper reflector to a second MEMS lens;

[0010] A detector module, used for receiving the laser beam reflected by the second MEMS lens;

[0011] An optical signal detection module, comprising a data unit, a processing unit and an optical analysis unit, wherein the data unit is used to collect optical power and spectrum, the processing unit is used to pre-process the collected optical power and spectrum optical signals, and the optical analysis unit is used to calculate the performance index of the optical signal;

[0012] The feedback module is used to obtain optical performance indicators and provide feedback control compensation.

[0013] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0014] The plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and the detector modules are each integrated into one chip;

[0015] A vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a detector form a transceiver channel;

[0016] Multiple MEMS lenses are integrated into one MEMS module;

[0017] The MEMS mirror can reflect the laser beam emitted by the vertical cavity surface emitting laser into the transfer reflector or reflect the laser beam from the transfer reflector to the detector.

[0018] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0019] Among the transfer reflectors, every two reflectors form a group of transfer reflectors to realize the transfer transmission of laser beams in different channels, including a lower reflector and an upper reflector;

[0020] Furthermore, two opposite transmitting and receiving channels share a set of transfer reflectors;

[0021] The transfer reflector simultaneously transfers the light beam information emitted in the channel and the opposite channel, and the light beam information received by the two channels.

[0022] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0023] The data unit includes an optical power acquisition subunit and a spectrum acquisition subunit;

[0024] The processing unit includes filtering and noise reduction modules and data calibration and normalization;

[0025] The optical analysis unit calculates the signal optical power by:

[0026] S1, detecting the peak value of the signal light, determining the preliminary area of ​​the light signal, and obtaining spectrum data;

[0027] S2. By fitting the spectral shape, determine whether the optical signal conforms to the preset distribution. If it conforms to the preset distribution, determine the optimal standard deviation through iterative optimization, and further calculate the optical power of the optical signal. If it does not conform to the Gaussian distribution, the optical signal deviates and an early warning is issued;

[0028] S3, dividing the optical signal into regions and calculating the optical power of the optical signal in each region;

[0029] S4, obtaining the final optical power of all areas and summing them up;

[0030] S5. Calculate the noise optical power and deduct the noise.

[0031] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0032] In the initially determined signal light area, if the spectral shape of the signal light meets the preset distribution, firstly obtain the standard deviation of the spectrum in each area, and calculate the optical power of the optical signal in each area according to the obtained standard deviation to obtain the optical power of the optical signal in each area;

[0033] The calculation expression for obtaining the standard deviation of the spectrum in each region is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Where P(γ) is the total optical signal power in the initial area, P max is the total power of the optical signal corresponding to the maximum point of the optical wavelength in the region, γ is the wavelength of the optical signal in the input region, and γ max is the maximum wavelength of the optical signal in the area, σ is the standard deviation of the optical signal power in the area, and e is an exponential constant;

[0036] The optical power of the optical signal in each area is calculated by obtaining the standard deviation. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, P z is the total optical power of all optical signal areas, σ i is the standard deviation of the optical signal power in the ith region, i is the optical preference segmentation region, and n is the total number of regions.

[0039] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0040] The noise optical power calculation method comprises:

[0041] S101, selecting a wavelength range far away from the signal light region, calculating the average value and standard deviation of the optical power in the region, and taking the average value as an estimated value of the background noise;

[0042] S102, within the spectrum range, after excluding the determined signal light area, the remaining area is the noise light area, a noise threshold is set, and points above the noise threshold are regarded as abnormal points, which are corrected and excluded;

[0043] S103, for the determined noise light area, calculating the noise light power, dividing the noise light area into a plurality of small wavelength intervals, the light power in each interval is approximately equal to the light power in the jth small wavelength interval of the noise light area, and calculating the noise light power;

[0044] The calculation expression of noise optical power is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, P noi is the noise optical power, P j is the optical power in the jth small wavelength interval of the noise light area, Δλ j is the width of the jth small wavelength interval divided by the noise light area, j is the optical signal area, and m is the total number of areas.

[0047] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0048] Collect the data series of optical power changing with time and the spectrum data, and extract features from the optical power data;

[0049] Construct a light performance index prediction model, use the extracted features as input, and use the known light performance index as output labels for model training;

[0050] The optical performance index prediction model consists of an input layer, several hidden layers and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer is equal to the number of input optical signal data features n, and the number of neurons in the output layer is equal to the number of output optical performance indicators m. Assume that there are L hidden layers, and the number of neurons in the Zth layer (Z = 1, 2, 3, ..., L) is h;

[0051] For the connection weights between neurons, let the weight matrix from the input layer to the first hidden layer be W1, with a dimension of h1×(n+1), then the weight matrix from the Z-1th hidden layer to the first hidden layer is WZ, with a dimension of h z ×(h z-1 +1);

[0052] The forward propagation includes inputting the optical signal data feature into the input layer, calculating the optical performance index vector to the first hidden layer through the activation function, the optical performance index vector performing propagation calculations between multiple hidden layers, the last hidden layer receiving the optical performance index vector, and propagating the optical performance index vector received through the last hidden layer to the output layer, and calculating and outputting the optical performance index vector through the output layer.

[0053] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0054] The difference between the predicted value of the optical performance index vector and the true value of the optical performance index vector is quantified by the loss function. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, T(W) is the loss value, is the input optical performance index vector prediction value, y i1 is the true value of the input optical performance index vector, I is the total number of data, and i1 is the number of input optical performance index vector groups.

[0057] As a preferred solution of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention, wherein:

[0058] Feedback compensation includes compensation strategy generation and compensation execution and feedback adjustment;

[0059] Compare and analyze the predicted optical performance indicators with the preset target performance indicators;

[0060] Based on the analysis results, a compensation strategy is generated. If it is an attenuation problem, the amount of gain to be increased at the location is determined; if it is a transmission power problem, the drive current or voltage of the VCSEL is adjusted;

[0061] According to the dispersion amount of the optical performance index prediction model, determine the length of the dispersion compensation optical fiber and the parameter adjustment amount in the digital dispersion compensation algorithm;

[0062] For nonlinear effect compensation, pre-compensation parameters of the optical signal are adjusted.

[0063] A computer device comprises: a memory for storing instructions; a processor for executing the instructions, so that the device implements the above-mentioned multi-channel optical routing system module.

[0064] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed, implements the above-mentioned multi-channel optical routing system module.

[0065] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0066] Multiple vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and detector modules are each integrated into a single chip. This integrated design helps to reduce the physical size of the entire system, improve the compactness of the system, and make it easier to deploy in some application scenarios with limited space. It is also beneficial to reduce signal transmission loss and electromagnetic interference caused by the dispersed layout of various components, and improve the overall stability and reliability of the system. An optical performance index prediction model is constructed, and the model is trained based on the data sequence of the collected optical power changing with time and the features extracted from the spectral data. With a reasonable architecture of the input layer, hidden layer, and output layer, the intrinsic relationship between the optical signal characteristics and the optical performance indicators can be learned based on a large amount of data, thereby achieving effective prediction of the optical performance indicators and grasping the performance trend of the optical signal in advance. The feedback compensation link covers compensation strategy generation, compensation execution, and feedback adjustment. According to the comparative analysis results of the predicted optical performance indicators and the preset target performance indicators, a compensation strategy can be generated in a targeted manner. Whether it is to deal with attenuation problems, transmission power problems, dispersion, nonlinear effects, etc., corresponding adjustment measures can be taken to ensure that the optical signal can always maintain a good performance state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0068] Figure 1 A system composition diagram of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of communication between two channels of a multi-channel optical routing system module of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of an array chip of lasers and detectors in a transceiver channel on the same side of a multi-channel optical routing system module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0073] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0074] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0075] Embodiment 1

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-channel optical routing system module comprises:

[0077] A transmitting module, comprising a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;

[0078] Among them, multiple vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and detector modules are each integrated into one chip;

[0079] Further, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a detector form a transceiver channel;

[0080] The MEMS lens module includes a plurality of MEMS lenses, wherein the first MEMS lens is used for relaying and reflecting the laser beam emitted by the transmitting laser and reflecting the relay reflector, and the second MEMS lens reflects the laser beam from the relay reflector to the detector;

[0081] Furthermore, multiple MEMS lenses are integrated into one MEMS module;

[0082] The MEMS lens can reflect the laser beam emitted by the vertical cavity surface emitting laser to the transfer reflector or reflect the laser beam from the transfer reflector to the detector;

[0083] Multiple MEMS lenses and transfer mirrors work together to achieve real-time communication between multiple channels;

[0084] A transfer reflector, comprising an upper reflector and a lower reflector, wherein the upper reflector is used to receive a laser beam reflected by a MEMS lens, and the lower reflector is used to reflect the laser beam reflected by the upper reflector to a second MEMS lens;

[0085] Among them, in the transfer reflectors, every two reflectors form a group of transfer reflectors to realize the transfer transmission of laser beams in different channels, including a lower reflector and an upper reflector;

[0086] Among them, two opposite transmitting and receiving channels share a set of transfer reflectors;

[0087] Furthermore, the transfer reflector can simultaneously transfer the light beam information emitted in the channel and the opposite channel and the light beam information required to be received by the two channels;

[0088] A detector module, used for receiving the laser beam reflected by the second MEMS lens;

[0089] An optical signal detection module, comprising a data unit, a processing unit and an optical analysis unit, wherein the data unit is used to collect optical power and spectrum, the processing unit is used to pre-process the collected optical power and spectrum optical signals, and the optical analysis unit is used to calculate the performance index of the optical signal;

[0090] The feedback module is used to obtain optical performance indicators and provide feedback control compensation.

[0091] Embodiment 2

[0092] like Figure 2 As shown, a schematic diagram of a multi-channel optical routing system module of an embodiment is shown, and the markings in the figure include

[0093] A vertical cavity surface emitting laser 1 in the transceiver channel; a MEMS lens 2 corresponding to the vertical cavity surface emitting laser; a lower reflector 3 of the transfer reflector; an upper reflector 4 of the transfer reflector; a MEMS lens 5 corresponding to the detector; a detector 6 in the transceiver channel; different transceiver channels Chan.1, Chan.1'...Chan.N+1, Chan.N+1'.

[0094] like Figure 3 As shown, including:

[0095] The information transmission of the transceiver channel is controlled by multiple MEMS lenses integrated in two MEMS modules, such as Figure 1As shown, the vertical cavity surface emitting laser in Chan.1 emits a laser beam carrying information, which is deflected by its corresponding MEMS lens and transmitted to the transfer reflector corresponding to Chan.3', and then transmitted to the detector in Chan.3'; at the same time, the vertical cavity surface emitting laser in Chan.N' emits a laser beam carrying information, which is deflected by its corresponding MEMS lens and transmitted to the transfer reflector corresponding to Chan.1, and then transmitted to the detector in Chan.1; in this way, real-time communication between different channels can be achieved. The vertical cavity surface emitting laser and detector in the transceiver channel on the same side are a highly integrated vertical cavity surface emitting laser array chip and detector array chip, and the scale of the array chip can be set according to actual needs. The scale of the MEMS module on the upper side of the transceiver channel is designed according to the array scale of the laser and detector below it. The array scale of the transfer reflector is also set according to the array scale of the transceiver channel;

[0096] Furthermore, specific application scenarios include fast data exchange between different servers in a data center; and on-chip integration can achieve fast communication between different chips, reduce communication latency, and increase communication bandwidth;

[0097] Furthermore, the high-speed VCSEL chip converts the electrical signal into a laser beam carrying information, and the high-speed detector of the receiving channel converts the received optical signal carrying information into an electrical signal. The optical signal is transmitted in the optical route, and both the input and output ends of the optical route transmit electrical signals;

[0098] The optical router converts the electrical signal received by the detector from the chip or server into a laser beam (i.e., optical signal) that carries information through the internal high-speed VCSEL.

[0099] The specific implementation includes that the high-speed VCSEL device 7 in the transmitting channel receives the external electrical signal, converts it into an optical signal carrying information, and transmits it to the MEMS lens 8 thereon, the MEMS lens 8 deflects a specific angle to reflect the optical signal to the lower reflector 9 in the relay reflective module, the lower reflector reflects the optical signal to the upper reflector 10 in the relay module, the upper reflector transmits the optical signal again to the corresponding MEMS lens 11 in the high-speed detector in the receiving channel, the MEMS lens then transmits the optical signal to the high-speed detector 12 in the receiving channel, converts it into an electrical signal and transmits it to the receiving device. Figure 1 The Chan.1, Chan.1', Chan.2, Chan.2', Chan.3, Chan.3'...Chan.N, Chan.N', Chan.N+1, Chan.N+1' shown can all be used as transmitting ends and receiving ends, and in this way, simultaneous communication between different devices can be achieved.

[0100] Embodiment 3

[0101] An optical signal detection module, comprising a data unit, a processing unit and an optical analysis unit, wherein the data unit is used to collect optical power and spectrum, the processing unit is used to pre-process the collected optical power and spectrum optical signals, and the optical analysis unit is used to calculate the performance index of the optical signal;

[0102] The data unit includes an optical power acquisition subunit and a spectrum acquisition subunit;

[0103] The optical power acquisition subunit uses a high-sensitivity, wide-dynamic-range photodetector array, which is distributed at key nodes of the optical communication link, such as the optical transmitter, before and after the optical amplifier, and the optical receiver, to achieve multi-point real-time acquisition of optical power.

[0104] The photodetector converts the received optical power signal into an electrical signal, which is amplified by a low-noise amplifier circuit to increase the signal amplitude for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion (ADC).

[0105] The ADC module converts the amplified analog electrical signal into a digital signal. The sampling rate needs to be reasonably set according to the bandwidth of the optical communication system and the signal change rate. For example, for high-speed optical communication systems, the sampling rate can be set to several Gsps or even higher to ensure that the details of the optical power changes can be accurately captured.

[0106] The spectrum acquisition subunit uses a spectroscopic element such as a diffraction grating or an interferometer to decompose the optical signal according to different wavelengths.

[0107] Furthermore, the spectrum acquisition subunit uses a linear array or planar array of photoelectric detectors to detect the decomposed light components of different wavelengths and convert the light intensity signal into an electrical signal.

[0108] After amplification and ADC conversion, a digital signal representation of the spectrum is obtained. In order to improve the spectral resolution, the spectral capability of the spectral element and the number and accuracy of the detector pixels need to be carefully designed and selected. For example, for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, the spectral resolution may need to reach the picometer level;

[0109] The processing unit includes filtering and noise reduction modules and data calibration and normalization;

[0110] The filtering and noise reduction module uses digital filters to filter the collected optical power and spectrum digital signals. For optical power signals, a low-pass filter can be used to remove high-frequency noise interference. For spectrum signals, a band-pass filter or a filter of a specific shape can be used according to the spectral characteristics to reduce the impact of noise on spectral analysis.

[0111] Furthermore, the filtering and noise reduction module uses signal averaging technology or adaptive noise reduction algorithm to further reduce noise. For example, signal averaging technology improves the signal-to-noise ratio by collecting the same signal multiple times and taking the average value; the adaptive noise reduction algorithm dynamically adjusts the filter parameters according to the statistical characteristics of the signal and noise to achieve a better noise reduction effect.

[0112] Furthermore, since the response characteristics of the photodetector may have problems such as nonlinearity and temperature drift, data calibration is required. The response curve of the detector at different optical powers and wavelengths is measured in advance and stored in a lookup table. During actual operation, the optical power and spectrum data are calibrated according to the collected signal and the lookup table data to ensure data accuracy.

[0113] Through data calibration and normalization, the calibrated optical power and spectral data are normalized to a unified numerical range or reference standard, which is convenient for subsequent analysis and comparison. For example, the optical power data is normalized to a specific reference power value, and the spectral data is normalized to a specific wavelength range and intensity standard;

[0114] The optical analysis unit calculates the signal optical power by:

[0115] S1, detecting the peak value of the signal light, determining the preliminary area of ​​the light signal, and obtaining spectrum data;

[0116] S2. By fitting the spectral shape, determine whether the optical signal conforms to the preset distribution. If it conforms to the preset distribution, determine the optimal standard deviation through iterative optimization, and further calculate the optical power of the optical signal. If it does not conform to the Gaussian distribution, the optical signal deviates and an early warning is issued;

[0117] S3, dividing the optical signal into regions and calculating the optical power of the optical signal in each region;

[0118] Scan the spectrum data to find the wavelength point with the maximum optical power value. The power value corresponding to this point is the maximum power value point. With the maximum wavelength point as the center, expand a certain wavelength range to both sides (for example, according to the expected signal light bandwidth and spectral resolution of the system, expand an initial range first), and use this range as the preliminary area where the signal light may exist;

[0119] Furthermore, within the initially determined signal light region, assuming that the spectrum shape of the signal light conforms to the Gaussian distribution, the optical power of the optical signal in each region is calculated to obtain the optical power of the optical signal in each region;

[0120] The calculation expression for obtaining the standard deviation of the spectrum in each region is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Where P(γ) is the total optical signal power in the initial area, P max is the total power of the optical signal corresponding to the maximum point of the optical wavelength in the region, γ is the wavelength of the optical signal in the input region, and γ max is the maximum wavelength of the optical signal in the area, σ is the standard deviation of the optical signal power in the area, and e is an exponential constant;

[0123] S4, obtaining the final optical power of all areas and summing them up;

[0124] The optical power of the optical signal in each area is calculated by obtaining the standard deviation. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, P z is the total optical power of all optical signal areas, σ i is the standard deviation of the optical signal power in the ith region, i is the light preference segmentation region, and n is the total number of regions;

[0127] S5, calculating the noise optical power and deducting the noise;

[0128] The noise optical power calculation method includes:

[0129] S101. In the spectrum data, select a wavelength range far from the signal light region (for example, in the edge regions at both ends of the spectrum, select a range with a width of ), and calculate the average value and standard deviation of the optical power in the region. The average value is used as an estimate of the background noise;

[0130] S102. In the entire spectrum, after excluding the determined signal light area, the remaining area is the noise light area. However, this area needs to be further screened and processed to remove some abnormal points that may be caused by instrument errors or other interferences. For example, a threshold value (a constant determined according to the system reliability requirements, generally between 3 and 5) can be set according to the statistical characteristics of the noise, and points above the threshold value are regarded as abnormal points and corrected or excluded;

[0131] S103, for the determined noise light area, calculate the noise light power, divide the noise light area into multiple small wavelength intervals, the light power in each interval is approximately equal to the light power in the jth small wavelength interval of the noise light area, and calculate the noise light power.

[0132] Furthermore, the noise optical power calculation expression is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, P noi is the noise optical power, Pj is the optical power in the jth small wavelength interval of the noise light area, Δλ j is the width of the jth small wavelength interval divided by the noise light area, j is the light signal area, and m is the total number of areas;

[0135] The width of the spectral edge region of the estimated background noise, the average optical power of the background noise region, and the standard deviation of the optical power of the background noise region are selected to calculate the noise optical power in the region;

[0136] Data collection segmentation: The data unit includes the optical power collection subunit and the spectrum collection subunit, which can respectively perform special data collection on the two key optical signal elements of optical power and spectrum, obtain more comprehensive and detailed original information of the optical signal, and lay the foundation for subsequent accurate analysis.

[0137] Perfect processing flow: The processing unit covers filtering and noise reduction modules and data calibration and normalization. Filtering and noise reduction can effectively remove noise interference in optical signals and improve signal quality, while data calibration and normalization operations can make the collected data within a more appropriate standard range, which is convenient for subsequent unified analysis and comparison, and ensures the accuracy and availability of the processed optical signal data.

[0138] Scientific optical power calculation: The optical analysis unit has rigorous procedures for calculating the optical power of optical signals, including detecting the peak value of the signal light, judging whether the spectrum shape conforms to the preset distribution, regional segmentation calculation, and noise subtraction. It can accurately determine the actual optical power of the optical signal. Even in the face of complex optical signal conditions, it can obtain the effective power value as accurately as possible, reducing the deviation in optical signal performance evaluation caused by calculation errors.

[0139] Reasonable noise calculation: The noise optical power calculation method can determine the noise optical power more accurately by selecting a suitable wavelength range to estimate the background noise, correcting and eliminating abnormal points, and reasonably dividing the interval calculation. Then, the noise effect can be more accurately deducted in the final optical power calculation, further improving the accuracy of optical power calculation, making the detection and analysis of optical signals more in line with the actual situation.

[0140] Feedback module, used to detect light performance indicators and provide feedback control compensation;

[0141] A high-resolution spectrometer and an optical power meter are used to monitor the optical signal in real time, and collect data series of optical power changes over time and spectral data, including the light intensity distribution at different wavelengths.

[0142] Preprocess the collected data, such as removing outliers (which may be caused by measurement noise or transient interference) and smoothing the data (using moving average or Savitzky-Golay filtering) to reduce the impact of high-frequency noise on subsequent analysis;

[0143] Features are extracted from the optical power data, such as the average value, variance, peak value, minimum value, power change rate (by calculating the ratio of the power difference between adjacent time points to the time interval), etc. These features can reflect the intensity stability and fluctuation of the optical signal.

[0144] For spectral data, calculate the spectral bandwidth (by determining the wavelength range corresponding to the decrease of spectral intensity from the peak to a certain proportion), the central wavelength (calculated based on the weighted average of spectral intensity), the spectral flatness (measure the uniformity of intensity at different wavelengths of the spectrum, such as calculating the ratio of the standard deviation of spectral intensity to the average value) and other characteristics. In addition, the spectrum can also be analyzed in the frequency domain to extract spectral characteristics, such as the energy distribution of different frequency components.

[0145] Construct an optical performance index prediction model. Take the extracted features as input and the known optical performance indicators (such as optical signal-to-noise ratio OSNR, dispersion, nonlinear effect intensity, etc.) as output labels for model training;

[0146] During the training process, cross-validation techniques (such as k-fold cross-validation) are used to optimize the model's hyperparameters to improve the model's generalization ability and prediction accuracy. For example, for neural networks, hyperparameters such as the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons, the learning rate, and the activation function can be adjusted; for SVM, the kernel function type and parameters can be adjusted.

[0147] After the training is completed, the optical signal data collected in real time and extracted with features is input into the trained model, and the model can predict various performance indicators of the optical signal;

[0148] The input optical signal data feature vector is X = [x1, x2, ..., x n ], where X is the feature of the optical signal data, x1 is the first feature of the optical signal data, x2 is the second feature of the optical signal data, and x n is the nth feature of the optical signal data;

[0149] The output light performance index vector is Y = [y1, y2, ..., y m ], where Y is the comprehensive optical performance index, y1 is the optical signal-to-noise ratio, the first performance index of the optical signal, y2 is the dispersion of the second performance index of the optical signal, and y m is the mth performance index of the optical signal;

[0150] The optical performance index prediction model consists of an input layer, several hidden layers and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer is equal to the number of input optical signal data features n, and the number of neurons in the output layer is equal to the number of output optical performance indicators m. Assume that there are L hidden layers, and the number of neurons in the Zth layer (Z = 1, 2, 3, ..., L) is h;

[0151] Furthermore, for the connection weights between neurons, let the weight matrix from the input layer to the first hidden layer be W1, with a dimension of h1×(n+1), then the weight matrix from the Z-1th hidden layer to the lth hidden layer is WZ, with a dimension of h Z ×(h z-1 +1);

[0152] Forward propagation includes inputting the optical signal data feature into the input layer, calculating the optical performance index vector to the first hidden layer through the activation function, the optical performance index vector is propagated and calculated between multiple hidden layers, the last hidden layer receives the optical performance index vector, and the optical performance index vector is received and propagated to the output layer through the last hidden layer, and the optical performance index vector is calculated and output through the output layer;

[0153] The optical performance index vector is transferred from the first hidden layer to the Lth hidden layer. The calculation expression is shown as follows:

[0154]

[0155] in, is the predicted value of the optical performance index output by the output layer, is the weight of the kth group of optical performance index vector output by the Z+1th hidden layer, X k z The optical performance index vector input from the Zth hidden layer to the Z+1th hidden layer;

[0156] The difference between the predicted value of the optical performance index vector and the true value of the optical performance index vector is quantified by the loss function. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0157]

[0158] Among them, T(W) is the loss value, is the input optical performance index vector prediction value, y i1 is the true value of the input optical performance index vector, I is the total number of data, and i1 is the number of input optical performance index vector groups;

[0159] Furthermore, feedback compensation includes compensation strategy generation and compensation execution and feedback adjustment;

[0160] Furthermore, the predicted optical performance indicators are compared and analyzed with the preset target performance indicators. For example, if the predicted OSNR is lower than the target value, it is determined whether it is caused by insufficient optical power or excessive noise. If it is an optical power problem, it is further analyzed whether it is caused by attenuation during transmission or low optical transmission power itself.

[0161] Construct an optical performance index prediction model, train the model based on the data sequence of optical power changes over time and the features extracted from spectral data. With a reasonable structure of input layer, hidden layer and output layer, the intrinsic relationship between optical signal characteristics and optical performance indicators can be learned based on a large amount of data, so as to achieve effective prediction of optical performance indicators and grasp the performance trend of optical signals in advance.

[0162] Based on the analysis results, a compensation strategy is generated. If it is an attenuation problem, the amount of gain to be added at the appropriate location (such as the optical amplifier) ​​is determined; if it is a transmission power problem, the driving current or voltage of the optical transmitter can be adjusted. For dispersion compensation, the length of the dispersion compensation fiber or the parameter adjustment amount in the digital dispersion compensation algorithm can be determined based on the predicted dispersion amount. For compensation of nonlinear effects, the pre-compensation parameters of the optical signal can be adjusted (such as pre-chirping the signal at the transmitting end) or the iteration step size and compensation coefficient in the digital back-propagation algorithm can be used.

[0163] Furthermore, the generated compensation strategy is converted into a specific control signal and sent to corresponding optical communication equipment components, such as multiple MEMS lenses, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, multiple detectors (for dispersion and nonlinear compensation), etc., to perform compensation operations.

[0164] After the compensation is executed, the optical signal is continuously monitored using the above data collection and performance indicator detection methods to evaluate the compensation effect. If the performance indicator after compensation still does not meet the target requirements, the new performance indicator data and compensation operation information are fed back to the compensation strategy generation module, and the compensation strategy is adjusted and optimized using the reward mechanism in the reinforcement learning algorithm. For example, when the performance indicator after compensation is closer to the target value, a positive reward is given, otherwise a negative reward is given. The compensation strategy is continuously iterated until the optical signal performance indicator meets the requirements or reaches the optimal state.

[0165] The feedback compensation link covers compensation strategy generation, compensation execution and feedback adjustment. It can generate compensation strategies in a targeted manner based on the comparative analysis results of the predicted optical performance indicators and the preset target performance indicators. Whether it is to deal with attenuation problems, transmission power problems, dispersion, nonlinear effects and other problems, corresponding adjustment measures can be taken to ensure that the optical signal can always maintain a good performance state, improve the stability and communication quality of the entire multi-channel optical routing system, and reduce the risks of communication errors and interruptions caused by poor optical signal performance.

[0166] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only two embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be easily understood by the personnel referring to this disclosure that many modifications are possible, for example, the size, scale, structure, shape and ratio of various elements, and parameter values ​​(for example, temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc., without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as regional shaping can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method step can be changed or reordered according to the alternative embodiment. Any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of the execution function described in this article, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiment. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0167] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0168] It should be understood that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0169] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-channel optical routing system module, characterized in that: include: A transmitting module, comprising a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; The MEMS lens module includes a plurality of MEMS lenses, wherein the first MEMS lens is used for relaying and reflecting the laser beam emitted by the transmitting laser and reflecting the relay reflector, and the second MEMS lens reflects the laser beam from the relay reflector to the detector; A transfer reflector, comprising an upper reflector and a lower reflector, wherein the upper reflector is used to receive a laser beam reflected by a MEMS lens, and the lower reflector is used to reflect the laser beam reflected by the upper reflector to a second MEMS lens; A detector module, used for receiving the laser beam reflected by the second MEMS lens; An optical signal detection module, comprising a data unit, a processing unit and an optical analysis unit, wherein the data unit is used to collect optical power and spectrum, the processing unit is used to pre-process the collected optical power and spectrum optical signals, and the optical analysis unit is used to calculate the performance index of the optical signal; The feedback module is used to obtain optical performance indicators and provide feedback control compensation.

2. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and the detector modules are each integrated into one chip; A vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a detector form a transceiver channel; Multiple MEMS lenses are integrated into one MEMS module; The MEMS mirror can reflect the laser beam emitted by the vertical cavity surface emitting laser into the transfer reflector or reflect the laser beam from the transfer reflector to the detector.

3. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 2, characterized in that: Among the transfer reflectors, every two reflectors form a group of transfer reflectors to realize the transfer transmission of laser beams in different channels, including a lower reflector and an upper reflector; Furthermore, two opposite transmitting and receiving channels share a set of transfer reflectors; The transfer reflector simultaneously transfers the light beam information emitted in the channel and the opposite channel, and the light beam information received by the two channels.

4. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data unit includes an optical power acquisition subunit and a spectrum acquisition subunit; The processing unit includes filtering and noise reduction modules and data calibration and normalization; The optical analysis unit calculates the signal optical power by: S1, detecting the peak value of the signal light, determining the preliminary area of ​​the light signal, and obtaining spectrum data; S2. By fitting the spectral shape, determine whether the optical signal conforms to the preset distribution. If it conforms to the preset distribution, determine the optimal standard deviation through iterative optimization, and further calculate the optical power of the optical signal. If it does not conform to the Gaussian distribution, the optical signal deviates and an early warning is issued; S3, dividing the optical signal into regions and calculating the optical power of the optical signal in each region; S4, obtaining the final optical power of all areas and summing them up; S5. Calculate the noise optical power and deduct the noise.

5. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the initially determined signal light area, if the spectral shape of the signal light meets the preset distribution, firstly obtain the standard deviation of the spectrum in each area, and calculate the optical power of the optical signal in each area according to the obtained standard deviation to obtain the optical power of the optical signal in each area; The calculation expression for obtaining the standard deviation of the spectrum in each region is as follows: Where P(γ) is the total optical signal power in the initial area, P max is the total power of the optical signal corresponding to the maximum point of the optical wavelength in the region, γ is the wavelength of the optical signal in the input region, and γ max is the maximum wavelength of the optical signal in the area, σ is the standard deviation of the optical signal power in the area, and e is an exponential constant; The optical power of the optical signal in each area is calculated by obtaining the standard deviation. The calculation expression is as follows: Among them, P z is the total optical power of all optical signal areas, σ i is the standard deviation of the optical signal power in the ith region, i is the optical preference segmentation region, and n is the total number of regions.

6. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The noise optical power calculation method comprises: S101, selecting a wavelength range far away from the signal light region, calculating the average value and standard deviation of the optical power in the region, and taking the average value as an estimated value of the background noise; S102, within the spectrum range, after excluding the determined signal light area, the remaining area is the noise light area, a noise threshold is set, and points above the noise threshold are regarded as abnormal points, which are corrected and excluded; S103, for the determined noise light area, calculating the noise light power, dividing the noise light area into a plurality of small wavelength intervals, the light power in each interval is approximately equal to the light power in the jth small wavelength interval of the noise light area, and calculating the noise light power; The calculation expression of noise optical power is as follows: Among them, P noi is the noise optical power, P j is the optical power in the jth small wavelength interval of the noise light area, Δλ j is the width of the jth small wavelength interval divided by the noise light area, j is the optical signal area, and m is the total number of areas.

7. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 6, characterized in that: Collect the data series of optical power changing with time and the spectrum data, and extract features from the optical power data; Construct a light performance index prediction model, use the extracted features as input, and use the known light performance index as output labels for model training; The optical performance index prediction model consists of an input layer, several hidden layers and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer is equal to the number of input optical signal data features n, and the number of neurons in the output layer is equal to the number of output optical performance indicators m. Assume that there are L hidden layers, and the number of neurons in the Zth layer (Z = 1, 2, 3, ..., L) is h; For the connection weights between neurons, let the weight matrix from the input layer to the first hidden layer be W1, with a dimension of h1×(n+1), then the weight matrix from the Z-1th hidden layer to the first hidden layer is WZ, with a dimension of h Z ×(h Z-1 +1); The forward propagation includes inputting the optical signal data feature into the input layer, calculating the optical performance index vector to the first hidden layer through the activation function, the optical performance index vector performing propagation calculations between multiple hidden layers, the last hidden layer receiving the optical performance index vector, and propagating the optical performance index vector received through the last hidden layer to the output layer, and calculating and outputting the optical performance index vector through the output layer.

8. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The difference between the predicted value of the optical performance index vector and the true value of the optical performance index vector is quantified by the loss function. The calculation expression is as follows: Among them, T(W) is the loss value, is the input optical performance index vector prediction value, y i1 is the true value of the input optical performance index vector, I is the total number of data, and i1 is the number of input optical performance index vector groups.

9. A multi-channel optical routing system module according to claim 8, characterized in that: Feedback compensation includes compensation strategy generation and compensation execution and feedback adjustment; Compare and analyze the predicted optical performance indicators with the preset target performance indicators; Based on the analysis results, a compensation strategy is generated. If it is an attenuation problem, the amount of gain to be increased at the location is determined; if it is a transmission power problem, the drive current or voltage of the VCSEL is adjusted; According to the dispersion amount of the optical performance index prediction model, determine the length of the dispersion compensation optical fiber and the parameter adjustment amount in the digital dispersion compensation algorithm; For nonlinear effect compensation, pre-compensation parameters of the optical signal are adjusted.

10. A computer device, characterized in that: include: A memory for storing instructions; The processor is used to execute the instructions so that the device implements a multi-channel optical routing system module as described in claims 1-9.

11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed, a multi-channel optical routing system module as described in claims 1-9 is implemented.

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