Double-layer grating film clamping type tobacco seedling raising device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-layer grating film clamping type tobacco seedling raising device and method. The seedling raising device is made of resin and glass fiber materials and comprises an upper-layer grating, a middle-layer film and a lower-layer grating, the upper-layer grating is filled with a substrate and is used for sowing and seedling raising, the middle-layer film is used for forming gravity water pits between upper and lower grids and water-permeable pores between the same-layer compartments, and the lower-layer grating is integrally paved, filled with fine soil and disinfected. The upper-layer grating and the middle-layer film form an upper-grid lower-nest middle-penetrating root system growth environment, and the lower-layer grating forms a flat heat-preservation seedling growing platform. The method solves the problems that an existing seedling pond is difficult to level, seedling trays are prone to damage, the size of root systems is small, water and fertilizer waste is large, the disease risk is large, and the labor amount is large, has the advantages of improving seedling raising quality and efficiency, reducing cost, being outstanding in economic effect and the like, and can also be used for other tray type intensive seedling raising.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco seedling cultivation, and in particular to a double-layer grid-film-clamped tobacco seedling cultivation device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern agricultural seedling cultivation, existing technologies have exposed many drawbacks.

[0003] First of all, the cost of seedling facilities remains high. The investment cost of seedling trays is quite considerable and the loss is relatively large. Taking tobacco seedlings as an example, the commonly used floating seedlings and wet seedlings both rely on special seedling trays. The floating seedling tray is made of foam material, which is very easy to oxidize and damage, and the normal service life is only about 3 years. In the actual operation of seedlings, even if it is only partially damaged, it is often necessary to discard the entire piece, which undoubtedly causes a great waste of resources. The wet seedling tray is usually made of black plastic material, which has poor antioxidant properties in high temperature environments and is very prone to oxidation deformation or breakage. In addition, the matching water tray is very prone to damage and leakage in the seedling shed due to terrain factors, and its general service life is only 2-3 years. Calculated according to the standard of 1,200 plants per mu, the cost of the seedling tray is about 12 yuan to 15 yuan. The basic principle of these two seedling raising methods is the large-hole and small-hole model. The seedling tray is filled with soilless cultivation substrates such as peat and vermiculite. After sowing, the seedling tray is placed in a water bed or nutrient solution. Small holes are set at the bottom of the seedling tray so that the roots of the plants can absorb water and nutrients smoothly.

[0004] Secondly, the existing seedling raising technology has a small seedling hole volume, which directly leads to the limitation of root surface area and volume, and the seedling quality is difficult to reach the ideal state. Most of the current seedling raising trays are designed with large holes and small holes and square cones. This structure makes the root growth space extremely limited and the root development is seriously hindered. For example, the tray seedlings used in floating seedlings and wet seedlings have an upper hole of 28mm * 28mm square, a lower hole of 12mm * 12mm square, a water outlet diameter of only 3mm in the middle of the lower diameter, and a cone height of 40mm. In such a seedling raising tray environment, the maximum volume of the root system and the substrate during the seedling period is only 15-20cm³. When the tobacco seedlings are seedlings, the root system is small in volume and insufficient in surface area, which becomes a key factor in the long seedling period of tobacco seedlings. At the same time, due to the narrow root growth system, the roots will be disorderly entangled and wrapped during the growth process, which is not only not conducive to deep planting of tobacco seedlings, but also makes them more vulnerable to pests and diseases, seriously affecting the subsequent growth and development of tobacco seedlings and the survival rate after transplanting. Furthermore, the existing seedling raising technology has serious defects in water and fertilizer management, which is manifested in the extremely serious waste of water and fertilizer and the huge amount of labor required for management. On the one hand, the seedling raising pool has extremely high requirements for the levelness of the pool bottom. Whether it is a seedling raising pool or a seedling raising tray, the pool bottom needs to be kept as level as possible to ensure that the seedling raising tray floats steadily or has a consistent draft. However, in actual operation, it takes a lot of manpower to achieve this high-precision pool bottom level requirement. Especially after the seedling raising shed is diversified and planted with other crops, if the seedling raising state is to be restored, a lot of manpower must be invested to re-level the pool bottom. On the other hand, in the process of seedling raising management, the amount of water and fertilizer applied far exceeds the actual needs of tobacco seedlings, and a large amount of water and fertilizer is wasted ineffectively. In some tobacco areas, there is a situation where water is difficult to use due to short-term droughts, and the nutrients and water in the early stage of seedling raising are supplied through the pool bottom or trays, and the amount of water and fertilizer added to the pool or tray often far exceeds the needs of seedling raising. In the late seedling hardening stage, a dry and wet alternating environment is required, but the seedling pool can hardly meet this requirement. In order to achieve the purpose of hardening, the labor force has to be increased for manual regulation, which will undoubtedly further aggravate the water shortage during the drought in the seedling season. Even in the improved wet seedling raising (ground cloth seedling raising), the nutrient solution is supplied from the upper part of the plate in the later stage. Once the nutrient solution is slightly greater than the water holding capacity of the matrix, it will all flow away from the small holes, which not only causes a waste of water and fertilizer resources, but also requires a large amount of manpower or updated equipment for foliar spraying, resulting in a significant increase in labor or equipment investment. In addition, the existing seedling raising technology also leads to high humidity in the seedling raising shed, and the pest and disease control management work is both laborious and time-consuming, and the risk of pests and diseases is significantly increased. First, the disinfection of old seedling trays is extremely difficult. Usually 1% - 2% formalin solution or 0.05% - 0.1% potassium permanganate is used for spraying, and then the film is covered and fumigated for 1-2 days, and then rinsed with clean water; or soaked in 0.5% or 0.05% - 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 4 hours, and then rinsed with clean water. However, due to the structure and material of the large holes and small holes in the seedling tray, there are some areas that cannot be directly disinfected or it is difficult for the bacteria to disappear naturally. The disinfectant is not easy to completely infiltrate these parts, making it difficult to achieve thorough disinfection, which lays hidden dangers for the breeding of pests and diseases. Secondly, when the pond bottom is directly covered with mulch for isolation after pest control or disinfection, the soil or ground is directly loaded, and the soil condition at the bottom of the pond is complex, often containing debris such as stones or branches, which can easily lead to the puncture of the membrane bottom. Once the membrane bottom is damaged, it will not only cause material loss, but also increase the risk of disease and pest transmission, which will seriously threaten the safety of the entire seedling environment. Finally, the use of lightweight materials in seedling trays also brings a series of problems. Due to its insufficient longitudinal hardness or load-bearing capacity, it is impossible to support the weight of the personnel crossing the tray during agricultural operations, so operation rows must be reserved. These operation rows account for about 5-10% of the area of ​​the seedling shed, which directly leads to a significant reduction in the utilization rate of the seedling shed. Moreover, due to the existence of operation rows, agricultural operations need to be repeated continuously during the seedling raising process, such as squatting, lowering the head, stretching arms, striding, etc. These operations can easily cause fatigue in workers, greatly increasing the fatigue level of agricultural operations. For example, in the work of thinning and determining seedlings, generally 100,000 plants require an investment of about 800 yuan in labor funds. Although the labor intensity of leaf cutting and daily application of water and fertilizer is not large, it is limited to labor within the operation row, and the labor range is large, which can easily cause fatigue in workers. This not only affects work efficiency, but also causes certain damage to the health of workers. Summary of the invention The present invention provides a double-layer grid-film-caged tobacco seedling raising device and method. The device solves the problems of difficult leveling of the existing seedling pool, easy damage of the seedling tray, small root volume, large waste of water and fertilizer, high risk of disease, and large labor demand, and has the advantages of improving seedling raising quality and efficiency, reducing costs, and having outstanding economic effects, and can also be used for other plug tray-type intensive seedling raising. The technical solution to achieve the purpose of the invention of the patent of this invention is that a double-layer grid and film-clad tobacco seedling raising device includes an upper grid, a middle film and a lower grid. The grid is made of resin and glass fiber materials. The upper grid is used to fill the substrate and sow seeds. The middle film is laid on the lower grid to form gravity water pockets between holes and water-permeable pores between compartments. The lower grid is used for overall paving and filling of fine soil and disinfection; the upper grid and the middle film form a root growth environment, and the lower grid forms a seedling raising platform.

[0005] Furthermore, the grille has square holes, a single aperture side length of 28 - 30 mm, a grille hole spacing thickness of 3-3.5 mm, a lower grille thickness of 28-30 mm, an upper grille thickness of 35-38 mm, a single grille having about 30 holes on a single side, and a single grille area of ​​about 1 m2 in the shape of a square or rectangle. Furthermore, the four sides of the lower grille are provided with connecting devices, and the connecting devices include positioning grooves and T-shaped buckles, positioning grooves and "H"-shaped buckles or return buckles; In the positioning groove and T-shaped buckle, multiple staggered T buckles or "double T" buckles are arranged on the side, and the T-shaped buckle is directly clamped on the positioning groove and fixed; In the positioning grooves and "H"-shaped buckles, a single positioning groove is set at the corresponding position of the adjacent grille edges, and the "H"-shaped buckle is used to position the two grilles, and rotated 90 degrees so that the "H" buckle is horizontal and does not expose the grille surface; In the return-shaped buckle, double positioning grooves are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the edges of adjacent grilles, and the return-shaped buckle is directly sleeved on the two positioning grooves for fixing. A double-layer grid film-clamped tobacco seedling raising method comprises the following steps: Installation of the lower grid: The lower grid is installed as a whole and fastened with buckles. The first grid is laid directly in the nursery pond to ensure that the grid is stable and level. The holes of the lower grid are filled with fine soil. First, fill the holes with coarse soil to about 60% of the grid opening, and then fill the holes with sieved fine soil. A small amount of solid pesticide can be mixed in the fine soil. Press the gravity water nest and use a hole press to form a sunken hole in each square grid. Then disinfect the lower grid and apply disinfectant. Laying of the middle film: Lay a layer of black agricultural film on the bottom grid, with a thickness of 0.015-0.020 mm. The size of the film is equivalent to the unit nursery pond. After laying the film, spray water to form a gravity water nest; Upper grid installation: After the agricultural film is laid, directly install the second layer of seedling grid, align it with the lower layer, and fix it with the bayonet; Sowing and seedling management method: Fill the upper grid with seedling medium and sow seeds, water them according to the conventional wet seedling method to crack the seeds, and complete subsequent operations such as sowing and seedling management; Post-seedling management: After the tobacco seedlings are mature and transplanted, the upper and lower grilles are directly removed, cleaned and stored. The seedling pool is simply restored to its required state, and the grilles are routinely soaked and disinfected before seedling cultivation. Furthermore, the hole pressing tool adopts a roller-type hole presser or a rake-type hole presser. The roller-type hole presser installs or embeds the hole presser pad on a roller-shaped object, and performs drag-type hole pressing after extending the handle; the rake-type hole presser installs a long handle on the flat hole presser, and directly presses the grille from top to bottom in sequence.

[0006] Furthermore, when the substrate is filled, the worker wears simple shoe covers and stands directly on the second grid to perform substrate filling and sowing.

[0007] Furthermore, the sowing is carried out using an improved seeder, and in a single sowing, 80% of the rows are sown with one seed, and the other 20% of the rows are sown with two seeds. Furthermore, during the seedling raising process, a bench is directly placed at the cross intersection of the grille according to actual production, and the height of the bench is preferably such that the seedlings are not pressed.

[0008] Problems that the invention aims to solve: 1. Solve the problem of level seedling pond: take advantage of the lower grid's light weight, strong hardness and grid shape, and use "three-point positioning + floor tile" paving to solve the problem of uneven seedling pond, saving labor and effort in installation and removal. 2. Assist heat exchange and increase substrate temperature: fill the holes in the lower grid with fine soil, and use the heat capacity of the fine soil and the ground temperature exchange effect to increase the temperature of the substrate and nutrient solution, which is convenient for seed germination and root development. 3. Solve the problem of easy loss of trays and small root volume: use grids as seedling trays, with low loss of new materials, and right-angle well holes to increase the surface area and volume of the roots, improve the quality of the seedling root system, and shorten the time to return the seedlings. 4. Improve the utilization rate and balance of nutrient solution: The gravity water nest design can retain fertilizer and moisture, and the inter-cell membrane can divert excess nutrient solution, which can effectively reduce the difference between cells, ensure the consistency of substrate and nutrition, and improve the balance. 5. Solve the problem of labor efficiency in seedling cultivation: optimize operations such as sowing, adding nutrient solution, thinning, leaf cutting and seedling hardening, reduce the frequency of labor for leveling the entire pond, adding water and fertilizer, and the amount of labor, and improve seedling cultivation efficiency.

[0009] The main innovations of this patent 1. Successfully introduced new materials into the field of tobacco seedling equipment: This seedling raising device is made of high-quality materials, which is completely different from the existing tobacco seedling raising tray materials. The seedling raising grid of the present invention is made of resin and glass fiber (yarn) composite, with a density of less than 2 kilograms per cubic decimeter (only 1 / 4 of steel); its strength is 10 times that of plastic (rigid polyvinyl chloride). At the same time, the grid has slight elasticity and buffering, strong corrosion resistance, good durability and stability, and has unparalleled superiority in the field of anti-corrosion. It has strong antioxidant properties in soil or other conditions, good water resistance, maintenance-free, good corrosion resistance and water resistance, can withstand the erosion of rainwater, and will not cause corrosion and rust after long-term use. Theoretically, its service life is more than 50 years, and its service life in production is more than 10 years, which is significantly extended compared to traditional seedling raising trays, effectively reducing long-term operating costs. The surface of the grid material is smooth, and the grid shape makes it difficult for dirt to adhere, which is easy to clean. It can be cleaned with clean water or detergent, and it is also convenient for disinfection or air-drying and storage. This material has various colors, is neat and bright, and has uniform colors inside and outside. It will not fade, making it easy to manage by species or growth period. Different colors can also be used to distinguish different seedling periods and different varieties. The grille has rich and bright colors, which can be used to distinguish different times, different varieties, and different responsible persons, making it easy to achieve operation competition and quality competition and improve seedling efficiency. The tobacco seedling season is only 3 months. Grilles made of this material can also be used in other plant management during the non-seedling season, such as landscaping, simple road paving for rural tourism, and can achieve multiple uses of one item or sharing of special devices.

[0010] 2. Research, development and application of innovative seedling cultivation methods: The present invention focuses on solving many difficult problems existing in existing seedling raising technologies. In the seedling raising site preparation stage, a unique method of "three-point positioning + floor tile" is adopted to pave the lower grid. Compared with the traditional method, its significant advantage is that it is very easy to find the level, which greatly saves labor costs and time investment. The method of filling the grid with "coarse soil + fine soil + medicine" is adopted. The single hole volume of the lower grid is small, and the single hole only needs to be filled with less than 50g of soil. The source is wide, simple and easy to operate, reducing the labor for filling, ensuring the uniformity of the grid, and ensuring the uniformity of the volume of the gravity water nest in all directions. The grids are connected by a buckle design, which is simple, stable and firm to install and remove. In terms of matrix filling, compared with the previous complicated and cumbersome operating procedures, this method directly performs sanitary operations on the grid, greatly reducing the amount of labor, ensuring the uniformity of the grid, and significantly improving work efficiency. At the same time, the new method has shown excellent results in pest control. Through optimized design and process, the grid is a physical barrier that effectively blocks the migration of pests and pathogens in the soil. With the help of pest control drugs, it can prevent and control pests more efficiently, providing a solid guarantee for the healthy growth of seedlings. In addition, this method can also effectively increase the temperature of the substrate. The agricultural film directly isolates the soil and the substrate. Unlike the multi-level medium isolation of the film and water in the conventional method, it is conducive to the direct heat exchange between the soil and the substrate, creating a more suitable environmental condition for seed germination and seedling growth. In terms of root development, the volume of the seedling hole and the surface area of ​​the root system are increased through innovative design. Compared with the original commonly used tobacco floating seedling tray, the surface area and volume of the root system of a single plant are increased by 40% and 70% respectively, so that the root system can have a wider growth space, thereby significantly increasing the volume and surface area of ​​the root system, which is not only conducive to the absorption of nutrients and water by the seedlings, but also can enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings and improve their survival rate. In terms of water and fertilizer management, the new seedling cultivation method can accurately regulate the supply of water and fertilizer, greatly improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, reduce resource waste, and realize the seedling cultivation concept of sustainable and high-quality development.

[0011] 3. Significant economic and resource benefits: The seedling raising method is extremely outstanding in terms of economic effect. First, since the seedling raising grid and agricultural film can be reused, the one-time material input cost in the seedling raising process is greatly reduced. Traditional seedling raising trays often need to be replaced after a few uses, while the seedling raising grid and agricultural film of the present invention can be recycled many times after proper treatment and maintenance, reducing long-term material procurement costs. For example: the material cost of the floating tray is 10.8 yuan per 1,000 plants (calculated based on 3 years), and the material cost of the moist seedling tray is 12.4 yuan per 1,000 plants (calculated based on 4 years); the material cost of the present invention is 6-7 yuan per 1,000 plants (calculated based on 8 years of use), and the seedling raising device can reduce material input by more than 20%. Secondly, the amount of labor required for seedling raising is reduced, and the optimization of multiple links from matrix filling, site leveling to pest and disease control makes the entire seedling raising process more concise and efficient, reduces the need for manual intervention, and thus reduces labor costs. According to calculations, in tobacco seedling cultivation, the labor for leveling the seedling pool, filling the substrate, sowing, thinning and cutting leaves can reduce the number of workers by more than 1.5 per shed (100 mu of seedling cultivation), and the labor cost can be reduced by more than 200 yuan. In addition, the capacity of the gravity water nest for a single plant is 3cm3, which to a certain extent alleviates the labor of adding nutrient solution frequently, improves the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, reduces the waste of water and fertilizer, and reduces the cost of agricultural materials in the seedling cultivation process. This advantage is particularly important in the context of increasingly tight water resources and fluctuating fertilizer prices. Overall, this seedling cultivation method can significantly reduce the total cost of seedling cultivation and improve economic benefits while ensuring the quality of seedling cultivation.

[0012] 4. Double improvement of seedling quality and efficiency: In terms of improving the quality of seedlings, the increased volume of the seedling holes provides sufficient growth space for the roots of the seedlings, allowing the roots to grow more freely. The increase in volume and surface area helps to better absorb nutrients and water, thereby promoting the healthy growth of the seedlings. This allows the seedlings to adapt to the new environment more quickly after transplanting, significantly shortens the time to return to the new environment, reduces the seedling recovery period after transplanting, and improves the survival rate of transplanting. According to observations, the time to return the tobacco leaves to the new environment after transplanting can be shortened by 2-3 days. In terms of efficiency improvement, the number of seedlings per unit seedling shed has been increased by optimizing the seedling process and design. For example, the floor tile-style grid laying and efficient space utilization design allow the seedling shed to accommodate more seedling areas, maximize the number of seedlings in a limited space, improve the utilization rate of the seedling site, and provide strong support for large-scale seedling production. According to actual calculations, reducing the manual operation walkway for seedlings can increase seedlings by about 5%. 5. Convenient seedling management system: Another innovative highlight of the present invention is to use the color of the grid to distinguish different seedling periods, varieties, etc. In the actual seedling management process, operators can quickly and accurately identify seedlings of different batches, different varieties or at different growth stages according to the color of the grid, so as to carry out targeted management operations, such as fertilization, watering, pest control, etc. This visual management method greatly simplifies the seedling management process, reduces the possibility of management errors, improves the overall management efficiency, and makes seedling management more scientific, accurate and convenient. 6. Multi-dimensional technological improvement and innovation: The present invention involves improvements and innovations in a number of key technologies. The design of the double-layer grid film is extremely flexible and can be adjusted according to different seedling needs and environmental conditions. For example, the number of layers, thickness or material of the film can be flexibly changed according to the requirements of different crops for temperature, humidity and air permeability to achieve the best seedling environment regulation effect. At the same time, the unique bench design fully considers the work comfort and labor intensity of the operator. During the long-term seedling operation process, the operator needs to bend over, squat, etc. frequently, which is prone to fatigue. The bench design allows the operator to work at an appropriate height, relieves physical fatigue, improves work efficiency, and embodies a humanized design concept. 7. Wide applicability and scalability: This seedling raising method has broad application prospects and can be widely used in other intensive seedling raising fields of trays. Whether it is the raising of seedlings of vegetables, flowers or other economic crops, this innovative seedling raising method can be used as a reference and adopted. In addition, its flexibility is also reflected in the fact that the grid specifications can be easily adjusted according to the growth characteristics and seedling raising requirements of different crops. For example, for crops with more developed root systems, the hole size and depth of the grid can be increased; for crops that are more sensitive to temperature, the grid material can be adjusted to better control the temperature. This scalability enables this seedling raising method to adapt to the diverse agricultural production needs and provides a universal and efficient solution for the development of modern agricultural seedling raising technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a single schematic diagram of a double-layer grid-film-type tobacco seedling raising device.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of setting up a gravity water nest in a double-layer grid-film-type tobacco seedling raising device.

[0015] As shown in the figure, there are a layer grid 1, a middle layer membrane 2, a lower layer grid 3, and a gravity water nest 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] 1. Selection of grille specifications. In the present invention, the grille uses square holes, and the side length of a single aperture can be selected between 28-30mm, for example, a single hole side length of 28mm is selected. The grille hole spacing thickness is set to 3-3.5mm, such as 3mm. The lower grille is 28-30mm thick, and 28mm is selected here; the upper grille is 35-38mm thick, and 35mm can be selected. A single-piece grille can be square or rectangular. When a square is selected, the number of holes on a single piece can be 20 or 30 holes. If 30 holes are selected, the side length is approximately 933mm. Under such specifications, the number of seedlings that can be grown on a single piece can reach 400, 600 or 900. If the above specifications are followed, a single piece can grow about 600 seedlings. If Figure 1 A double-layer grid-film sandwich tobacco seedling raising device comprises an upper grid 1, a middle film 2 and a lower grid 3. The upper grid 1 is used for filling a substrate and sowing seeds. The middle film 2 is laid on the lower grid to form gravity water pockets between holes and water-permeable pores between compartments. The lower grid 3 is used for overall paving and filling with fine soil and disinfection. The upper grid 1 and the middle film 2 form a root growth environment, and the lower grid 3 forms a seedling raising platform.

[0017] 2. Installation of the connection device: For the positioning groove and T-shaped buckle, 3 - 4 staggered T buckles or "double T" buckles are set on the side of the lower grille. The positioning groove is 4-5mm wide, such as 4mm, and 5-10mm deep, preferably 5mm. During installation, the T-shaped buckle is directly and accurately stuck on the positioning groove to achieve the initial fixation between the grilles. If the positioning groove and "H"-shaped buckle are used, a single positioning groove is set at the corresponding position of the adjacent grille edges, and the groove width and depth are both about 4-5mm, such as 4mm. After the "H"-shaped buckle is positioned at the bayonet of the two grilles, it is rotated 90 degrees so that the "H" buckle is horizontal and does not expose the grille surface, ensuring a stable and beautiful connection. When using the circular buckle, a double positioning groove is set at the corresponding position of the adjacent grille edges, and the groove width and depth are about 4-5mm, and the spacing between the positioning grooves is 3-5cm, such as 3cm. Use a circular buckle with a long diameter of 3-5cm (such as 3cm) and a short diameter of 6mm to directly cover the two positioning grooves to fix the grilles tightly together. 3. Installation of the lower grille: When the lower grille is installed in the nursery pond using the "three-point positioning + floor tile" method, the soil in the nursery pond should first be leveled. Simple measuring tools can be used to ensure the levelness. Then, the lower grille is laid directly on the soil, and its horizontal position is determined by at least three support points, just like laying floor tiles. Due to the characteristics of the grille itself, a small amount of digging or filling can make it reach a basic horizontal state. For example, support points are set at one corner and the midpoint of two sides of a nursery pond, and the grille is adjusted to make it stable. When filling the holes of the lower grid with fine soil, first fill the holes with coarse soil to about 60% of the grid opening. For example, for a hole with a single hole volume of less than 22cm³ (taking the specification of 28mm*28mm*28mm as an example), first fill in about 13cm³ of coarse soil. Then fill the holes with sieved fine soil until the flat opening. A small amount of solid insecticide can be mixed in the fine soil in proportion, such as medicine for preventing and controlling soft pests such as wild slugs and snails, to ensure that about 95% of the grid space is evenly filled. like Figure 2 As shown, when pressing the gravity water hole 4, a hole press is used for operation. If a roller-type hole press is used, the hole press pad is installed or embedded on a roller-shaped object, such as a roller with a diameter of 30cm, and the handle is lengthened to about 1.5m. The operator holds the handle and drags the hole to ensure that a sunken hole is formed in each square grid, and the hole diameter reaches 18-20mm, such as 18mm, and the depth is 13-5mm, such as 13mm. The volume of the pressed gravity water hole is about 4cm³, and the bearing volume after film laying is about 3cm³. If a rake-type hole press is used, the long handle is directly installed on the flat hole press, such as a handle with a length of 1.2m, and the operator directly presses the grille in sequence to perform the hole pressing operation. After pressing the hole, apply a disinfectant to the lower grille, such as using carbendazim wettable powder, dilute it at a ratio of 1:500 and spray it for comprehensive disinfection. 4. Middle film laying: Choose black agricultural film with a thickness of 0.015-0.020 mm, such as 0.015 mm black ground film. Cut the agricultural film of appropriate size according to the size of the unit nursery pool, ensuring that the film can completely cover the lower grid and there is a certain margin on the edge. Lay the agricultural film flatly on the bottom grid, and then spray water evenly to make the agricultural film fit tightly with the grid. At this time, a gravity water hole appears in the middle of each grid, with a volume of about 3 cubic centimeters, which can be used for water and fertilizer cache to reduce the waste of water and fertilizer.

[0018] 5. Upper grid installation: After the agricultural film is laid, the upper grid is directly installed on the agricultural film, ensuring that the upper grid is aligned with the lower grid so that the upper and lower grids correspond to each other. Use a grid with the same aperture size as the lower layer (single aperture 28-30mm, such as 28mm) and a thickness of 35-0mm, such as 35mm. After the upper grid is placed, use a bayonet (such as a bayonet that matches the lower grid connection device) to secure it to ensure the stability of the upper grid, providing a solid foundation for subsequent filling of the substrate and sowing.

[0019] 6. Sowing and seedling management: When the upper grid is filled with seedling matrix, dry matrix can be used. After putting on simple shoe covers, workers stand directly on the second grid to operate, move freely to carry out matrix filling work, and fill the matrix evenly into the grid holes. The filling height is about 3 / 4 of the height of the grid. For example, for the 35mm thick upper grid, the filling height of the matrix is ​​about 26mm. Use a simple seeder for sowing, customize the seeder according to the specifications and size of each grid, for example, customize the seeder according to the 30*30 hole grid, and sow 1 seed in 80% of the rows and 2 seeds in the other 20% of the rows in a single sowing. Sow in fixed rows, fixed plants and fixed quantities, which is convenient for thinning and setting seedlings and saving labor. After sowing, water according to the conventional wet seedling method to crack the seeds. For example, use an atomizing nozzle to spray a small amount of water in the evening of the day after sowing to keep the matrix moist but not waterlogged. During the seedling raising process, according to the actual situation, the bench is directly placed at the cross intersection of the grille. The height of the bench should not press the tobacco seedlings, such as 40cm. The size is based on the operating habits, such as 40cm long and 30cm wide. Personnel can perform agricultural operations on the bench. For example, when thinning the seedlings, the operator sits on the bench to observe the growth of the tobacco seedlings and accurately remove weak or overcrowded tobacco seedlings; when cutting leaves, standing on the bench can operate the scissors more easily and reduce the labor range. At the same time, the reserved operation aisles are reduced, and the original operation rows are reduced from 5-10% (such as 8%) to 2-5% (such as 3%) of the seedling shed area, increasing the seedling raising area and improving the seedling raising efficiency.

[0020] During the seedling raising period, strengthen the management of temperature, humidity, water and fertilizer, and regularly measure the temperature and humidity of the seedling raising environment, such as measuring once at 9 am and 3 pm every day, and adjust the temperature between 20-28℃ and the humidity between 60-80% according to the growth stage of the tobacco seedlings. When applying fertilizer, according to the growth of tobacco seedlings, apply a thin nitrogen fertilizer solution every 3-5 days in the early stage of seedling raising, and appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the later stage. At the same time, pay attention to timely watering to keep the substrate moist, and properly control the water content in the seedling hardening stage, and perform dry and wet alternation to harden the tobacco seedlings. 7. Post-seedling treatment: After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the upper and lower grilles should be removed in time. When removing, first unfasten the connection device between the grilles, such as loosening the buckle or buckle, and then carefully remove the grilles one by one. Carry the removed grilles to the cleaning area, first rinse off the dirt and debris on the surface with clean water. For the dirt that is difficult to clean, use a soft brush to gently scrub, and then soak it with an aqueous solution containing an appropriate amount of detergent (such as detergent) for about 30 minutes, and then rinse it with clean water to ensure that the grilles are clean. The cleaned grilles are stored in a dry and well-ventilated warehouse, and the grilles are stacked in categories to avoid heavy pressure and damage, so as to prepare for the next seedling. At the same time, the seedling pool is simply restored, such as leveling the land, removing residual debris, etc., to restore it to the state required before seedling cultivation, so as to carry out the next round of seedling cultivation or other planting activities. Before the next seedling raising, the grille should be routinely immersed and disinfected, such as soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours, and then rinsed with clean water to ensure the hygiene and safety of the seedling raising environment.

Claims

1. A double-layer grid film-clamped tobacco seedling raising device, characterized in that: It includes an upper grid, a middle membrane and a lower grid. The upper grid is used for filling substrate and sowing. The middle membrane is laid on the lower grid to form gravity water pockets between holes and water-permeable pores between compartments. The lower grid is used for overall paving and filling with fine soil and disinfection. The upper grid and the middle membrane form a root growth environment, and the lower grid forms a seedling platform.

2. The double-layer grid film-clamped tobacco seedling raising device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grille is made of a composite of resin and glass fiber (yarn), with square holes, a single hole diameter side length of 28-30mm, a grille hole interval thickness of 3-3.5mm, a lower grille thickness of 28-30mm, an upper grille thickness of 35-38mm, and a single grille is square or rectangular.

3. The double-layer grid film-clamped tobacco seedling raising device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The four sides of the lower grille are provided with connecting devices, which include positioning grooves and T-shaped buckles, positioning grooves and "H"-shaped buckles or return buckles; In the positioning groove and T-shaped buckle, multiple staggered T buckles or "double T" buckles are arranged on the side, and the T-shaped buckle is directly clamped on the positioning groove and fixed; In the positioning grooves and "H"-shaped buckles, a single positioning groove is set at the corresponding position of the adjacent grille edges, and the "H"-shaped buckle is used to position the two grilles, and rotated 90 degrees so that the "H" buckle is horizontal and does not expose the grille surface; In the return-shaped buckle, double positioning grooves are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the edges of adjacent grilles, and the return-shaped buckle is directly sleeved on the two positioning grooves for fixing.

4. A double-layer grid film-caged tobacco seedling raising method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Lower grid installation: Use the overall paving method to install the lower grid, and fasten it with buckles. Lay the first grid layer directly in the nursery pond to ensure that the grid is stable and level. Fill the holes of the lower grid with fine soil. First, fill the holes with coarse soil until about 60% of the grid opening, and then fill the holes with sieved fine soil until the flat opening. A small amount of solid pesticide can be mixed in the fine soil. Press the gravity water nest and use a hole press to form a sunken hole in each square grid fine soil. Then disinfect the lower grid and apply disinfectant. Laying of the middle film: Lay a layer of black agricultural film on the bottom grid, with a thickness of 0.015 - 0.020 mm. The size of the film should be equivalent to the unit nursery pond. After laying the film, spray water to form a gravity water nest. Upper grid installation: After the agricultural film is laid, directly install the second layer of seedling grid, align it with the lower layer, and fix it with the bayonet; Sowing and seedling management method: Fill the upper grid with seedling medium and sow seeds, water them according to the conventional wet seedling method to crack the seeds, and complete subsequent operations such as sowing and seedling management; Post-seedling management: After the tobacco seedlings are mature and transplanted, the upper and lower grilles are directly removed, cleaned, air-dried and stored. The seedling pool is simply restored to its required state, and the grilles are routinely soaked and disinfected before seedling cultivation.

5. The double-layer grid film-clamped tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hole pressing tool adopts a roller-type hole presser or a rake-type hole presser. The roller-type hole presser installs or embeds the hole presser pad on a roller-shaped object, and performs drag-type hole pressing after extending the handle; the rake-type hole presser installs a long handle on the flat hole presser to directly press the grid in sequence.

6. The double-layer grid film-caged tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the matrix is ​​filled, the worker wears simple shoe covers and stands directly on the second grid layer to perform matrix filling and sowing.

7. The double-layer grid film-clamped tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sowing was carried out using an improved seeder, and in a single sowing, 80% of the rows were sown with one seed, and the other 20% of the rows were sown with two seeds.

8. The double-layer grid film-caged tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the seedling raising process, a bench is directly placed at the cross intersection of the grille according to actual production, and the height of the bench is preferably such that the seedlings are not pressed.

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