Application of pedicularis in prevention and control of invasive plant mikania micrantha and comprehensive mikania micrantha prevention and control method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of invasive plant prevention and control. More specifically, the invention provides the application of the cephalanoplos dulcis in prevention and control of an invasive plant mikania micrantha and a comprehensive mikania micrantha prevention and control method. The invention researches a substitute plant scheme capable of preventing and treating mikania micrantha, namely, the stem and the combination of the stem and the combination of the stem and the combination of the stem and the combination of any one, any two or any several of the following plants: pennisetum purpuratum, common melastoma herb, Chinese knotweed herb, orchid orchid and festuca arundinacea. The fresh weight and the dry weight of the mikania micrantha can be remarkably reduced by planting the first crown stem or the combination of the first crown stem in a control area, the coverage of the mikania micrantha can be remarkably reduced, and a good control effect is achieved on an invasive plant mikania micrantha. The invention further provides a comprehensive prevention and treatment method of mikania micrantha, which not only has a good prevention effect on mikania micrantha, but also greatly reduces the use concentration and use amount of chemical agents. The mikania micrantha prevention and control technology has the advantages of being good in effect, safer and environmentally friendly, is also suitable for the fragile wetland environment and has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of invasive plant control, and more specifically, relates to the application of Corylus aconitifolia in the prevention and control of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha and a comprehensive control method of Mikania micrantha. Background Art

[0002] Mikania micrantha Kunth is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family and the genus Mikania. It is recognized as one of the top ten major weeds in the world and is listed as one of the 100 most harmful alien invasive species in the world by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). It is also included in the "List of Key Alien Invasive Species" which will officially take effect on January 1, 2023. It is a major agricultural and forestry invasive species that my country focuses on managing. Mikania micrantha is native to tropical America and has invaded more than 70 countries and regions in Asia, the South Pacific and other regions. In China, Mikania micrantha has a wide range of adaptability. It can grow in land ranging from poor to high fertility. It can grow in a variety of soil types, including rock, gravel, calcareous soil, sandy soil, loam and clay. At present, it is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Taiwan and Hong Kong in my country. Wetland environments, which have important environmental regulation and ecological functions, are also susceptible to invasion by Mikania micrantha. Since the humidity and light in wetlands are suitable for the growth of Mikania micrantha, once invaded, the coverage of Mikania micrantha can reach more than 90%, causing serious damage to many wetland environments in my country. Mikania micrantha can cover the canopy of the plants it is attached to in a short period of time, affecting the photosynthesis and normal growth and development of the plants, causing plant death, leading to the degradation of the original community structure or ecosystem, and ultimately causing huge economic losses and serious biosafety threats to agricultural and forestry production, ecological environment and biodiversity.

[0003] At present, the key technologies for the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha mainly include physical control, chemical control and ecological control. Among them, physical control methods can only remove the above-ground part, which is very easy to resurge, with poor control effect, high labor cost, and is not suitable for wetland environment. Chemical control methods mainly use pesticides that can inhibit and kill Mikania micrantha, which has a great impact on the environment and is easy to affect other animals and plants in the environment. Moreover, it should be used with caution in wetland environment. The wetland environment ecology is relatively fragile, and from the perspective of wetland protection, too many chemical reagents should be avoided. Ecological control, or plant "alternative control", mainly adopts the method of planting alternative plants, using the principle of interspecific competition of plants to create an unfavorable growth environment for Mikania micrantha, so that the growth and development of Mikania micrantha is inhibited, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing or reducing its harm, and gradually promoting the recovery of vegetation ecosystems. Compared with physical and chemical control methods, ecological control methods using alternative species have the characteristics of ecological safety, good control effect, and strong sustainability. It is currently a popular direction and future trend for invasive plant control, and is also a mainstream method suitable for wetland environment.

[0004] The specific method of ecological control of microchamomile is to use field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yuncker) biological control. Dodder can parasitize and kill microchamomile, reducing the coverage of microchamomile from 75%-95% to 18%-25%, which can better control the harm of microchamomile and will not cause harm to other plants in the sample plot, such as important fruit trees, food crops, vegetables and other landscaping plants. Another ecological control method is to first remove or cut off the vines of Mikania micrantha with a length greater than 50 cm on the surface, or completely clean up the Mikania on the surface, and then plant alternative plants that are competitive with Mikania, such as economic crops such as sweet potatoes and konjac, to replace Mikania for control, which can significantly inhibit the growth and regeneration of Mikania. However, the control effect of the existing reported alternative plants for Mikania control is limited.

[0005] Therefore, continuing to explore alternative plants with better prevention and control effects is of great value and significance for the prevention and control of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha, especially wetland Mikania micrantha. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to explore alternative plants for ecological control of Mikania micrantha which have good control effects and are also suitable for wetlands, and further provide a method for comprehensive control of Mikania micrantha.

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide an application of Croton tiglium in preventing and controlling Mikania micrantha

[0008] The second object of the present invention is to provide a use of Glechoma longituba as a substitute plant for controlling Mikania micrantha.

[0009] A third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the combination as a replacement plant.

[0010] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling Mikania micrantha.

[0011] The fifth object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive control method for Mikania micrantha.

[0012] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0013] The present invention study found that planting Croton tiglium can have a good control effect on Mikania micrantha, and found that Croton tiglium can be used as an alternative plant combination for controlling Mikania micrantha with any one of Pennisetum spicatum, Melastoma brasiliensis, Coalwort, Realgar orchid, and Festuca australis, which can significantly reduce the fresh weight and dry weight of Mikania micrantha, and can significantly reduce the coverage of Mikania micrantha, and has a good preventive effect.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention claims the following solutions:

[0015] Application of Achyranthes aconitifolia in the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha.

[0016] Application of Croton tiglium as an alternative plant for the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha.

[0017] The application of a combination of alternative plants in the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha, the combination of alternative plants comprising Acanthus aconitifolius and any one, any two or any several of the following plants: Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma brasiliensis, Cottonwood, Orchidaceae, and Festuca australis.

[0018] The application of the above-mentioned combination of alternative plants as alternative plants for preventing and controlling Mikania micrantha.

[0019] The present invention also provides a plant substitute for a combination of Mikania micrantha, comprising Acanthus aconitifolius and any one, any two or any several of the following plants: Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma brasiliensis, Echinops foetida, Orchidaceae, and Fescue australis.

[0020] Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for controlling Mikania micrantha, which comprises: planting Mikania micrantha in the area where Mikania micrantha needs to be controlled, or planting Mikania micrantha and any one, two or several of the following plants: Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma brasiliensis, Cottonwood, Realgar orchid, and Fescue arundinaceae.

[0021] Preferably, in the area where Mikania micrantha needs to be controlled, plant Glechoma longituba and Pennisetum purpurogenum, or plant Glechoma longituba and Paeonia brasiliensis.

[0022] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Croton tiglium and Pennisetum purpurogenum is 1:(1-5).

[0023] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Croton tiglium and Pennisetum purpurogenum is 1:5.

[0024] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Ampelopsis occidentalis to Melastoma brasiliensis is 1:(1-5).

[0025] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Ampelopsis occidentalis to Paeonia suffruticosa is 1:1.

[0026] As an optional embodiment, the planting ratio of Croton tiglium and Pseudostellaria baicalensis is 1:(1-5).

[0027] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Croton tiglium and Caragana truncatula is 1:5.

[0028] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Achyranthes bidentata to Realgara orchid is 1:(1-5).

[0029] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of Crown Vine and Realgar Orchid is 1:5.

[0030] As an optional embodiment, the planting ratio of Achyranthes australis to Blue Fescue is 1:(1-5).

[0031] As an optional implementation scheme, the planting ratio of crown vine to blue fescue is 1:5.

[0032] Specifically, in areas where Mikania micrantha needs to be controlled, the above-ground parts of Mikania micrantha should be removed first.

[0033] As an optional embodiment, the method for removing the aerial part of Mikania micrantha is selected from any one, any two or any several of the following methods:

[0034] (1) Inoculate field dodder on Mikania micrantha.

[0035] (2) spraying an agent that inhibits the growth of Mikania micrantha (preferably, the agent can be chlormequat chloride and / or a herbicide),

[0036] (3) Physical removal of the above-ground parts of Mikania micrantha.

[0037] The present invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for Mikania micrantha, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Inoculate field dodder on Mikania micrantha in the control area;

[0039] (2) Spraying chlormequat and / or herbicides on Mikania micrantha in the control area;

[0040] (3) Planting crown vine or the above combination of plants as alternatives to control Mikania micrantha.

[0041] As an optional implementation scheme, in step (1), 1-2 dodders are placed in the control area at a rate of 1-2 per 5-15 square meters, 1-2 times a week, and 2-3 times in succession.

[0042] Preferably, one dodder is placed per 10 square meters, once a week, for three consecutive times.

[0043] Preferably, the field dodder is selected from stem segments with a length of 20-40 cm (preferably 30 cm). The specific delivery method can be manually wrapped around the stem of the Mikania micrantha plant.

[0044] As an optional embodiment, in step (2), chlormequat is sprayed 1-2 times a week for 1-2 months. Preferably, it is sprayed once a week for 2 months.

[0045] As an alternative embodiment, the concentration of chlormequat is 5-15 g / L (preferably 10 g / L).

[0046] As an alternative embodiment, in step (2), the herbicide is applied for 7-20 days (preferably 14 days).

[0047] As an optional embodiment, the herbicide can be a 4000-fold dilution of 24% amiloride aqueous solution.

[0048] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] After extensive research, the present invention has obtained a substitute plant, Acanthus sutchuenensis, which can prevent and control Mikania micrantha, and a substitute plant combination, including Acanthus sutchuenensis and any one, any two or any combination of the following plants: Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma brasiliensis, Echeveria pyrolina, Orchidaceae, and Festuca australis. Planting Acanthus sutchuenensis or its substitute plant combination in the prevention and control area can significantly reduce the fresh weight and dry weight of Mikania micrantha, and can significantly reduce the coverage of Mikania micrantha, and has a good prevention effect.

[0050] In addition, the present invention also provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for Mikania micrantha, which not only has a good prevention effect on Mikania micrantha, but also greatly reduces the use concentration and amount of chemical agents, and has a good application prospect.

[0051] The Mikania control technology of the present invention has the advantages of good effect, greater safety and environmental protection, and is also suitable for wetland areas, can cover the entire growth period of Mikania, and effectively control the invasive wetland plant Mikania. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 Relative plant height growth rates of plants with different substitution combinations.

[0053] Figure 2 is the total fresh weight of Mikania micrantha in plots planted with different alternative plants.

[0054] Figure 3 is the total dry weight of Mikania micrantha in the plots planted with different alternative plants.

[0055] Figure 4 Cover of Mikania micrantha in plots planted with different alternative plants.

[0056] Figure 5 To plant different alternative plants for alternative protection effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0059] In the following embodiments, 2-year-old seedlings were used for Thunbergia acuta, 1-year-old seedlings were used for Pennisetum fulgens, 2-year-old seedlings were used for Melastoma brasiliensis, 1-year-old seedlings were used for Pyrola foetida, 1-year-old seedlings were used for Orchidaceae, 1-year-old seedlings were used for Festuca arundinacea, and 1-year-old seedlings were used for Festuca arundinacea.

[0060] Example 1 The growth inhibition effect of Ampelopsis pilosula on Mikania micrantha

[0061] In the same plot of land invaded by Mikania, two experimental plots were separated and the Mikania in the plot was cleaned up to make the height, plant width and number of Mikania in the two experimental plots not significantly different. The two experimental plots were separated by high-density wire mesh.

[0062] Then, in one of the experimental plots, the first crown vine seedlings of the same height as Mikania micrantha were transplanted at intervals (the first crown vine seedlings were 30 cm tall and the crown width was 150 cm), with a planting density of 1 plant per square meter. The other plot was used as a control.

[0063] After 60 days, compared with the growth of Mikania micrantha in the control group, the growth of Mikania micrantha in the plots transplanted with Achyranthes australis was significantly inhibited. The results showed that Achyranthes australis had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Mikania micrantha.

[0064] Example 2 Combination of smilax china and other plants as alternative plants for the prevention and control of micrantha

[0065] 1. Prevention and control methods

[0066] A comprehensive control method for wetland invasive plant Mikania micrantha, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) Remove the above-ground parts of Mikania micrantha:

[0068] 1) Inoculate field dodder on Mikania in the Mikania control area, collect field dodder stem segments with top and host (host selected Wedelia radiata) (stem segment length is about 30 cm), and manually wrap them around the stem of Mikania plant. The field dodder placement density is one dodder per 10 square meters, once a week, and continuously placed for 3 times. Then, after 1 month, the growth of Mikania is inhibited, and after 2 months, the coverage of Mikania is reduced by about 70%.

[0069] Then a small piece of the plot was separated as a control and no further treatment was done (a large amount of Mikania micrantha sprouted again in the control group after 60-70 days. Therefore, although the field dodder would cause the above-ground part of Mikania micrantha to die and then the dodder would wither and die, the underground part and some stem segments of Mikania micrantha were still active and would sprout and grow again).

[0070] For other areas, proceed to step 2).

[0071] 2) Spraying the exogenous plant regulator 10g / L chlormequat once a week for 2 consecutive months inhibited the growth of Mikania micrantha, and the chlorophyll, stem length and stem diameter all decreased.

[0072] 3) Continue spraying chemical herbicides (select 24% amiloride solution diluted 4000 times) for 14 days. After 14 days, about 90% of Mikania micrantha died.

[0073] (2) Planting alternative plants:

[0074] The plot treated in step 3) above was divided into 7 test areas, 6 of which were planted with different alternative plants as different treatments (treatment A, treatment B, treatment C, treatment D, treatment E, treatment F), specifically:

[0075] Treatment A: Planting Bauhinia corymbosa;

[0076] Treatment B: Planting B. corymbosa + Pennisetum orientale 'purple';

[0077] Treatment C: Planting B. corymbosa + Tibouchina semidecandra;

[0078] Treatment D: Planting B. corymbosa + Persicaria chinensis;

[0079] Treatment E: Planting B. corymbosa + Crocosmia crocosmiflora;

[0080] Treatment F: Planting B. corymbosa + Festuca glauca.

[0081] The remaining area was not planted with alternative plants and served as a control area (CK).

[0082] Crown of the crowns vine (2-year-old seedlings); Pennisetum amorpha (1-year-old seedlings); Melastoma brasiliensis (2-year-old seedlings); Firewood mother (1-year-old seedlings); Realgar orchid (1-year-old seedlings); Blue fescue (1-year-old seedlings).

[0083] The test alternative plants were planted evenly in the sample plots and watered once a day in the first week after transplanting to improve the survival rate of the community plants.

[0084] A large number of previous tests have shown that the two alternative plants can achieve the effect of preventing and controlling Mikania micrantha by planting them in any proportion and in any planting method. Considering the cost and appearance, the planting proportion of the alternative plants in this embodiment is as follows:

[0085] In treatment B, the planting ratio of Achyranthes australis and Pennisetum purpurogenum was 1:5;

[0086] The planting ratio of treatment C, Acanthus argenteus and Paeonia suffruticosa, was 1:1;

[0087] In treatment D, the planting ratio of Psoralea corylifolia to Psoralea corylifolia was 1:5;

[0088] In treatment E, the planting ratio of Achyranthes bidentata to Orchidaceae was 1:5;

[0089] The planting ratio of treatment F was 1:5.

[0090] The alternative plants for treating BF are planted in intercropping method. If the planting ratio of the two alternative plants is not 1:1, first crown vines can be planted at the head and tail of each row in the plot, and different alternative plants can be planted between the first crown vines.

[0091] 2. Prevention and Control Results

[0092] On the 30th and 150th day after the replacement plants were planted, the plant height of each replacement plant in each plot was investigated in the experimental treatment area using the "5-point sampling" method. On the 150th day after the replacement plants were planted, the relative plant height growth rates of different replacement plants were statistically analyzed.

[0093] On the 150th day after the planting of alternative plants, the biomass (fresh weight, dry weight) and coverage of Mikania micrantha in each sample plot were investigated in the experimental treatment area according to the "5-point sampling" method, and the alternative protection effect of different alternative plants on Mikania micrantha was statistically analyzed.

[0094] The calculation formula for relative plant height growth rate and alternative protection effect is as follows:

[0095] Alternative control effect (%) = (fresh weight of control Mikania micrantha - fresh weight of Mikania micrantha treated with alternative combination) / fresh weight of control Mikania micrantha × 100;

[0096] The relative height growth rate (RHGR) of the surrogate plants is (InH2-InH1) / (T2-T1) (T1 and T2 are the time of plant growth, in days; H1 and H2 are the plant heights at time T1 and T2, in centimeters).

[0097] The specific results are as follows:

[0098] (1) Relative plant height growth rate of alternative plants

[0099] The relative plant height growth rates of the different groups of alternative plants are as follows Figure 1 As shown, the results showed that the relative plant height growth rate of W. chinensis in treatment A where W. chinensis was planted alone was 0.51%, while the relative plant height growth rates of W. chinensis in other treatments B, C, D, E, and F were all greater, which were 0.71%, 0.81%, 0.71%, 0.65%, and 0.66%, respectively. This shows that planting Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma strychnifolium, Melastoma brazilianum, Realgarbha orchid, and Festuca arundinacea in combination with W. chinensis can promote the growth of W. chinensis, among which Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma strychnifolium, and Festuca arundinacea have a higher promoting effect on the growth of W. chinensis than Realgarbha orchid and Festuca arundinacea.

[0100] (2) Fresh weight and dry weight of Mikania micrantha

[0101] The total fresh weight and total dry weight of Mikania micrantha in the plots planted with different alternative plants were as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the results showed that there was no Mikania micrantha in the sample plots of treatment B and treatment C, and the fresh weight and dry weight of Mikania micrantha in the sample plots of treatment A, D, E, and F were significantly lower than those of CK. This showed that treatments A, B, C, D, E, and F could well inhibit Mikania micrantha, among which treatments B and C had the best control effect on Mikania micrantha.

[0102] (3) Mikania micrantha coverage and alternative protection efficacy

[0103] The coverage of Mikania micrantha in the plots planted with different alternative plants Figure 4 As shown, the results showed that compared with CK, the coverage of Mikania micrantha in all treatments decreased significantly, among which the coverage of Mikania micrantha in treatments B and C had no significant difference with that in treatments D and E, but was significantly lower than that in treatments A and F.

[0104] The alternative control effects of different alternative plants in the sample plots are as follows Figure 5As shown, the results showed that treatment B and treatment C had the best alternative control effect, followed by treatment D and treatment E.

[0105] Based on the above five results of relative plant height growth rate of alternative plants, fresh weight of Mikania micrantha, dry weight of Mikania micrantha, Mikania micrantha cover and alternative control effect, treatment B (Ursa occidentalis + Pennisetum fulgens) and treatment C (Ursa occidentalis + Paeonia brasiliensis) had the best alternative control effect, followed by treatment D and treatment E, and finally treatment A and F.

[0106] The results show that the alternative plant competition of the present invention can achieve the alternative control effect of Mikania micrantha, and the alternative control effect of Mikania micrantha can reach more than 90%, and up to 100%. Moreover, the alternative plant provided by the present invention can also be planted in wetland areas, so it is also suitable for wetland Mikania control.

[0107] Example 3 Prevention and control of Mikania micrantha in wetlands

[0108] In a wetland invaded by Mikania micrantha (Mikania micrantha coverage of about 65%), control was carried out with reference to the control method in Example 2, wherein a combination of Glechoma acrophylla and Pennisetum fruticosa was used as the replacement plant.

[0109] After 150 days of planting the replacement plants, there was no Mikania micrantha left. The replacement protection effect was 100%.

[0110] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of Ampelopsis aconitifolia in the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha.

2. The application of Ampelopsis pilosula as an alternative plant for the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha.

3. The application of combined alternative plants in the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha, characterized in that: The combination replacement plants include crown vine and any one, any two or any several of the following plants: Pennisetum amorpha, Melastoma brasiliensis, Cottonwood, Realgar orchid, and Fescue arundinaceae.

4. Application of combined alternative plants as alternative plants for the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha.

5. A method for preventing and controlling Mikania micrantha, characterized in that: Plant crown of vines in areas where micrantha needs to be controlled, or plant crown of vines and any one, two or several of the following plants: Pennisetum amethyst, Melastoma brasiliensis, Cottonwood, Realgar orchid, and Blue Fescue.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In areas where micrantha needs to be controlled, plant truncatum and purple-flowered foxtail grass, or plant truncatum and Brazilian wild peony.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The planting ratio of Croton tiglium and Pennisetum purpurogenum is 1:(1-5); the planting ratio of Croton tiglium and Melastoma brasiliensis is 1:(1-5).

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: In areas where Mikania needs to be controlled, remove the above-ground parts of Mikania first.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for removing the aerial part of Mikania micrantha is selected from any one, any two or any several of the following methods: (1) Inoculate field dodder on Mikania micrantha. (2) spraying an agent that inhibits the growth of Mikania micrantha, (3) Physical removal.

10. A comprehensive control method for Mikania micrantha, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Inoculate field dodder on Mikania micrantha in the control area; (2) Spraying chlormequat and / or herbicides on Mikania micrantha in the control area; (3) Controlling Mikania micrantha according to any one of claims 6 to 8.

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