Organic towel gourd and earthworm symbiosis planting and breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting and breeding method for organic towel gourd and earthworm symbiosis. The planting and breeding method comprises the following steps that 1, a shady environment is built through towel gourd frame building planting; 2, crop straw, bean cakes and cow dung are used as feed to be stacked on the two sides of organic towel gourd planting to form an earthworm bed for breeding earthworms; 3, collecting earthworms after autumn towel gourds are harvested, and taking an earthworm bed and wormcast as a fertilizer of the organic towel gourds. According to organic towel gourd planting and earthworm growth breeding rules, a set of efficient ecological agriculture development mode is provided by combining current ecological, economic and social development requirements, and field trials show that the method has the advantages of being high in economic and ecological benefits, easy and convenient to manage, easy to master technical operation and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ecological environmental protection, and in particular to a method for growing and breeding organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis. Background Art

[0002] In today's society, the concept of ecological protection is becoming more and more popular, and agricultural development is also moving towards a green and sustainable direction. Organic agriculture, as a kind of agriculture that follows the laws of nature and ecological principles, is gaining more and more attention. The organic agricultural products it produces are not only safe and healthy, but also meet consumers' demand for high-quality food.

[0003] At the same time, medicinal earthworms, especially earthworms, have important application value in the medical field, and the market demand for them is also increasing. However, traditional farming models often have problems such as low resource utilization efficiency and ecological environmental damage. On the one hand, single crop planting cannot make full use of land resources and space, and soil fertility is difficult to maintain continuously; on the other hand, single earthworm farming may face difficulties such as unsuitable environment and high breeding costs.

[0004] In this context, how to combine the production needs of organic agriculture with medicinal earthworm farming to develop an efficient and ecological breeding model has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0005] As a result, the symbiotic cultivation and breeding method of organic loofah and earthworm farming came into being. It aims to solve the drawbacks of traditional cultivation and breeding models, achieve efficient utilization of resources and protection of the ecological environment, and meet the needs of ecological, economic and social development.

[0006] The organic loofah and earthworm symbiotic breeding technology provides a shade environment for earthworms through loofah vines, which improves land utilization rate to a certain extent. At the same time, the earthworm manure produced by Hu Dilong breeding is directly returned to the fields, which increases soil fertility, improves soil physical properties, and promotes the sustainable development of farmland resources. The loofah yield is 35.0% higher than that of traditional organic cultivation methods, and the quality is also improved simultaneously.

[0007] This technology simultaneously meets the multiple demands of organic agricultural production for green environment and fertilizer, the environment and nutrition of medicinal earthworm farming, and ecological environmental protection for resource utilization and pollution control, significantly increasing the economic benefits of farmland production. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Use loofah to build a trellis to create a shady environment;

[0012] Step 2: Use crop straw, bean cake and cow dung as feed and pile them on both sides of the organic loofah planting to form earthworm beds to breed earthworms;

[0013] Step 3: Collect earthworms after the loofah is harvested in autumn, and use the earthworm bed and earthworm castings as base fertilizer for growing organic loofah, mixing with the soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the height of the loofah rack is 1.2 to 1.8 m.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung, and corn / rice straw in the earthworm bed is 3:5:2, and they are fully mixed before stacking; wherein the bean cake and cow dung are both powdery, and the straw is in small segments less than 3 cm in length.

[0016] Preferably, the distance between the earthworm beds is 1.2-1.5 m, and the earthworm beds are stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of earthworm seedlings put into the earthworm bed is 20-30 kg / m 3 Base material.

[0018] Preferably, the cow dung can be dry cow dung or fresh cow dung, wherein dry cow dung can be used directly, and fresh cow dung needs to be fermented and decomposed for 3 to 5 days in advance.

[0019] Preferably, the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m-0.6m, and the width is 0.4-0.8m; when the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height.

[0020] Preferably, drainage ditches are provided on both sides of the earthworm bed.

[0021] Preferably, during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10°C.

[0022] Preferably, the earthworms in the earthworm bed are harvested once every two months from April to September and once every three months from October to March.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention proposes a set of efficient ecological agricultural development model based on the organic loofah planting and earthworm growth and breeding rules, combined with the current ecological, economic and social development needs. Field experiments show that the model has the advantages of high economic and ecological benefits, simple management and easy technical operation;

[0025] (2) The organic loofah and earthworm symbiotic cultivation technology of the present invention provides a shade environment for earthworms through loofah vines, which improves land utilization to a certain extent. At the same time, the earthworm manure produced by earthworm cultivation is directly returned to the fields, which improves soil fertility, improves soil physical properties, and promotes the sustainable development of farmland resources. The yield of loofah is increased by 35.0% compared with the traditional organic cultivation method, and the quality is also improved simultaneously;

[0026] (3) The present invention simultaneously meets the multiple demands of organic agricultural production for green environment and fertilizer, the environment and nutrition of medicinal earthworm breeding, and ecological environmental protection for resource utilization and pollution control, and significantly increases the economic benefits of farmland production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a method for cultivating an organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The invention discloses a method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Use loofah to build a trellis to create a shady environment;

[0031] Step 2: Use crop straw, bean cake and cow dung as feed and pile them on both sides of the organic loofah planting to form earthworm beds to breed earthworms;

[0032] Step 3: Collect earthworms after the loofah is harvested in autumn, and use the earthworm bed and earthworm castings as base fertilizer for growing organic loofah, mixing with the soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm.

[0033] The height of the loofah trellis is 1.2 to 1.8m.

[0034] The mass ratios of bean cake, cow dung, and corn / rice straw in the earthworm bed are 3:5:2, respectively, and they are fully mixed before stacking; among them, bean cake and cow dung are both powdery, and the straw is small segments less than 3 cm in length.

[0035] The distance between the earthworm beds is 1.2-1.5 m, and the earthworm beds are stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section.

[0036] The amount of earthworm seedlings put into the earthworm bed is 20-30 kg / m 3 Base material.

[0037] Cow dung can be either dry or fresh. Dry dung can be used directly, while fresh dung needs to be fermented and decomposed for 3 to 5 days in advance.

[0038] The height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m~0.6m, and the width is 0.4~0.8m; when the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, replenish the base material to the original height.

[0039] There are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed.

[0040] During the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10°C.

[0041] The earthworms in the earthworm bed are harvested once every two months from April to September and once every three months from October to March.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.5 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 The height of the earthworm bed is 0.6m and the width is 0.8m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height. There are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed. During the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0044] Embodiment 2:

[0045] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.5 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 25 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.6m and the width is 0.8m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0046] Embodiment 3:

[0047] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.5 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 30 kg / m3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.6m and the width is 0.8m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0048] Embodiment 4:

[0049] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and corn stalks in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The corn stalks were small segments less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.2 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m and the width is 0.4m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0050] Embodiment 5:

[0051] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and corn stalks in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The corn stalks were small segments less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.2 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 25 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m and the width is 0.4m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0052] Embodiment 6:

[0053] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and corn stalks in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The corn stalks were small segments less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.2 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 30 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m and the width is 0.4m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0054] Embodiment 7:

[0055] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.3 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.5m and the width is 0.6m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0056] Embodiment 8:

[0057] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.3 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The amount of earthworm seedlings input was 25 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.5m and the width is 0.6m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0058] Embodiment 9:

[0059] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.3 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 30 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.5m and the width is 0.6m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0060] Embodiment 10:

[0061] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.5 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.6m and the width is 0.8m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55% and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0062] Embodiment 11:

[0063] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.5 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.6m and the width is 0.8m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 60% and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0064] Embodiment 12:

[0065] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.5 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.6m and the width is 0.8m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 65% and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0066] Embodiment 13:

[0067] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.2 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m and the width is 0.4m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; drainage ditches are set on both sides of the earthworm bed. During the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 55% and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0068] Embodiment 14:

[0069] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed is set to 3:5:2, and they are fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw is in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung is dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds is set to 1.2m, and the earthworm beds are stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The amount of earthworm seedlings input is 20kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m and the width is 0.4m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 60% and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0070] Embodiment 15:

[0071] The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and rice straw in the earthworm bed was set to 3:5:2, and they were fully mixed before stacking. The rice straw was in small pieces less than 3 cm in length, and the cow dung was dry cow dung. The distance between the earthworm beds was set to 1.2 m, and the earthworm beds were stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section. The earthworm seedling input was 20 kg / m 3 Base material; the height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m and the width is 0.4m. When the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is replenished to the original height; there are drainage ditches on both sides of the earthworm bed; during the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is maintained at 65% and the temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0072] The present invention is divided into a single organic loofah planting treatment and a single Hudilong earthworm breeding treatment. The single organic loofah planting group follows the conventional organic loofah planting method without breeding earthworms; the single Hudilong earthworm breeding group follows the strip ridge earthworm breeding method without planting loofah.

[0073] Among them, symbiotic treatment and single organic loofah planting treatment were selected, and 3 replications were set for each treatment. The loofah planting density, fertilization and green control methods were kept consistent to analyze the effects on loofah yield and soil fertility.

[0074] Among them, the results of the influence of loofah yield and variety are shown in Table 1;

[0075] Table 1: Yield and quality of loofah

[0076]

[0077] It can be seen that when the loofah-earthworm symbiosis treatment was selected, the loofah yield, loofah single fruit weight, vitamin content and soluble sugar content were all higher than those in the single organic loofah planting treatment.

[0078] The results of the effects of physical and chemical properties of soil in the loofah farmland are shown in Table 2;

[0079] Table 2: Physical and chemical properties of loofah farm soil

[0080]

[0081] It can be seen that when the loofah-earthworm symbiosis treatment was selected, the soil bulk density was lower than that of the single organic loofah planting treatment; the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were all higher than those of the single organic loofah planting treatment.

[0082] Symbiotic treatment and single earthworm breeding treatment were selected, with 3 replications for each treatment. 10 kg of earthworm seedlings were placed per ridge. The earthworm breeding density, filler type and proportion were kept consistent to analyze their effects on the growth of earthworms.

[0083] Among them, the results of the effects on the growth of the earthworms are shown in Table 3;

[0084] Table 3: Weight and weight gain of the earthworm

[0085]

[0086] It can be seen that when the loofah-earthworm symbiosis treatment was selected, the total weight of earthworms at harvest and the daily weight gain of earthworms were higher than those in the treatment of single organic loofah planting.

[0087] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any slight modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Use loofah to build a trellis to create a shady environment; Step 2: Use crop straw, bean cake and cow dung as feed and pile them on both sides of the organic loofah planting to form earthworm beds to breed earthworms; Step 3: Collect earthworms after the loofah is harvested in autumn, and use the earthworm bed and earthworm castings as base fertilizer for growing organic loofah, mixing with the soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm.

2. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the loofah rack is 1.2 to 1.8 m.

3. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of bean cake, cow dung and corn / rice straw in the earthworm bed is 3:5:2 respectively, and they are fully mixed before stacking; wherein the bean cake and cow dung are both powdery, and the straw is in small segments less than 3 cm in length.

4. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the earthworm beds is 1.2-1.5 m, and the earthworm beds are stacked into ridges with a trapezoidal cross section.

5. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of earthworm seedlings put into the earthworm bed is 20-30 kg / m 3 Base material.

6. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cow dung can be dry cow dung or fresh cow dung, wherein dry cow dung can be used directly, and fresh cow dung needs to be fermented and decomposed for 3 to 5 days in advance.

7. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the earthworm bed is 0.3m-0.6m, and the width is 0.4-0.8m; when the height of the earthworm bed drops by 1 / 3, the base material is supplemented to the original height.

8. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Drainage ditches are arranged on both sides of the earthworm bed.

9. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is 55%-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10°C.

10. The method for cultivating organic loofah and earthworm symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworms in the earthworm bed are harvested once every two months from April to September and once every three months from October to March.

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