Supermolecular environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent

Abstract

The invention provides a supramolecular environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent, and belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents. According to the supramolecular environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent disclosed by the invention, the soybean meal extracting solution prepared by adopting the deep-eutectic solvent is used as the flame-retardant solution and is mixed with the fluorine-containing surfactant, the hydrocarbon surfactant, the flame-retardant penetrant, the foam stabilizer, the anti-freezing solution and the water to prepare the supramolecular environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent, and the obtained supramolecular environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent does not contain PFOS and PFOA, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and has a good fire extinguishing effect. The fire extinguishing agent has good fire extinguishing effects such as stable foam, short fire extinguishing time and long anti-burning time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular to a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. Background Art

[0002] Fire is one of the disasters that seriously threatens human survival and development. The occurrence of fire has the characteristics of high frequency, large time and space span, difficulty in prediction, and serious damage. The so-called fire extinguishing is to reduce the temperature of the combustible to below its ignition point, isolate the air, or remove the combustible. The types of fire extinguishing agents commonly used in my country are: water, foam fire extinguishing agent (covering, cooling, dilution effect), dry powder fire extinguishing agent, halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishing agent, and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent. Traditional fire extinguishing agents usually contain some harmful chemicals, such as fluoride, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), etc. PFOA and PFOS are extremely difficult to degrade, and these chemicals will affect humans and the environment, and even cause irreversible damage.

[0003] Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent that does not contain PFOS and PFOA and has rapid fire extinguishing performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present disclosure is as follows: The present disclosure provides a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent, which comprises, by weight percentage of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent, 20-40% of soybean meal extract, 0.5-6% of fluorine-containing surfactant, 3-20% of hydrocarbon surfactant, 3-15% of flame retardant penetrant, 0.01-0.1% of foam stabilizer, 15-30% of antifreeze, and 20-42% of water;

[0006] The preparation method of the soybean meal extract is as follows: adding soybean meal into a low eutectic solvent, extracting at a temperature of 80-100° C. for 1-6 hours, and filtering the obtained filtrate to obtain the soybean meal extract.

[0007] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the mass of the soybean meal to the low eutectic solvent is 1 g: 5-30 mL.

[0008] In some embodiments, the low eutectic solvent comprises a hydrogen bond donor, a hydrogen bond acceptor and water, the hydrogen bond donor is at least one of urea, methyl urea, 1,3-dimethyl urea, and 1,1-dimethyl urea, and the hydrogen bond acceptor is at least one of choline chloride and betaine.

[0009] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the hydrogen bond acceptor to the hydrogen bond donor is 1:(0.1-5).

[0010] In some embodiments, the mass of the water is 10-90% of the mass of the deep eutectic solvent.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fluorine-containing surfactant is selected from at least one of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant and an amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium lauroyl glutamate (LG-95P), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), and alkyl polyglycoside (APG-0810).

[0013] In some embodiments, the foam stabilizer is at least one of sodium alginate, xanthan gum, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0014] In some embodiments, the flame retardant penetrant is triethyl phosphate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the antifreeze liquid is ethylene glycol.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention adopts a low eutectic solvent to prepare a soybean meal extract in a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The low eutectic solvent can effectively penetrate the cell wall of the soybean meal and efficiently extract the flame retardant components in the soybean meal. The obtained soybean meal extract has good spreading, anti-reignition and foaming effects, and can improve the fire extinguishing and anti-reignition effects of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent;

[0018] (2) The present invention mixes soybean meal extract, fluorine-containing surfactant, hydrocarbon surfactant, flame retardant penetrant, foam stabilizer, antifreeze and water to prepare a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The obtained supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent does not contain PFOS and PFOA, is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and has good fire extinguishing properties such as foam stability, short fire extinguishing time, and long anti-burning time;

[0019] (3) The raw materials of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent disclosed in the present invention are easily available, the preparation method is simple, the energy consumption is low, and it is easy to realize industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 These are SEM images of the microstructure of untreated soybean meal powder, soybean meal extract 1, soybean meal extract 2 and soybean meal extract 9, where A is untreated soybean meal powder, B is soybean meal extract 9, C is soybean meal extract 1, and D is soybean meal extract 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be described more fully below. However, the present disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present disclosure more thorough and comprehensive.

[0022] As used herein:

[0023] "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising." As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0024] The conjunction "consisting of excludes any unspecified element, step, or component. If used in a claim, this phrase renders the claim closed-ended so that it does not include materials other than those described, except for conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of" appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the subject matter, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0025] When amount, concentration or other value or parameter is represented by range, preferred range or a series of upper preferred value and lower preferred value, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value and any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. For example, when disclosing range "1-5", described range should be interpreted as including range "1-4", "1-3", "1-2", "1-2 and 4-5", "1-3 and 5" etc. When numerical range is described in this article, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its end value and all integers and fractions within the range.

[0026] In these examples, parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.

[0027] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement for expressing the mass ratio of multiple components. 1 part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that the mass of component A is a parts and the mass of component B is b parts, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it means that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (K is an arbitrary number, indicating a multiple factor). It should not be misunderstood that, unlike the mass parts, the sum of the mass of all components is not limited to 100 parts.

[0028] “And / or” is used to indicate that one or both of the stated situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).

[0029] The present invention provides a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent, which comprises, by weight percentage of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent, 20-40% of soybean meal extract, 0.5-6% of fluorine-containing surfactant, 3-20% of hydrocarbon surfactant, 3-15% of flame retardant penetrant, 0.01-0.1% of foam stabilizer, 15-30% of antifreeze, and 20-42% of water;

[0030] The preparation method of the soybean meal extract is as follows: adding soybean meal into a low eutectic solvent, extracting at a temperature of 80-100° C. for 1-6 hours, and filtering the obtained filtrate to obtain the soybean meal extract.

[0031] The present invention adopts a low eutectic solvent to prepare a soybean meal extract in a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The low eutectic solvent can effectively penetrate the cell wall of the soybean meal and efficiently extract the flame retardant components in the soybean meal. The obtained soybean meal extract has good spreading, anti-reignition and foaming effects, and can improve the fire extinguishing and anti-reignition effects of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The present invention uses the soybean meal extract as a flame retardant liquid, and mixes it with a fluorine-containing surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant, a flame retardant penetrant, a foam stabilizer, an antifreeze solution and water to prepare a supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The obtained supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent does not contain PFOS and PFOA, is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and has good fire extinguishing properties such as stable foam, short fire extinguishing time, and long anti-burning time.

[0032] For example, in different embodiments, the weight proportion of the soybean meal extract may be, but is not limited to, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, or 42 parts;

[0033] For example, in different embodiments, the weight portion of the fluorinated surfactant may be, but is not limited to, 0.5 parts, 1 parts, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, and 6 parts;

[0034] For example, in different embodiments, the weight proportion of the hydrocarbon surfactant may be, but is not limited to, 3 parts, 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, 11 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, and 20 parts;

[0035] For example, in different embodiments, the weight proportion of the flame retardant penetrant may be, but is not limited to, 3 parts, 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, 11 parts, 13 parts, or 15 parts;

[0036] For example, in different embodiments, the weight portion of the foam stabilizer may be, but is not limited to, 0.01 part, 0.02 part, 0.04 part, 0.06 part, 0.08 part, or 0.1 part;

[0037] For example, in different embodiments, the weight portion of the antifreeze solution may be, but is not limited to, 15 parts, 17 parts, 19 parts, 21 parts, 23 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, or 30 parts;

[0038] For example, in different embodiments, the weight proportion of the water may be, but is not limited to, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, or 40 parts.

[0039] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the mass of the soybean meal to the low eutectic solvent is 1g:5-30mL, for example, it can be but not limited to 1g:5mL, 1g:8mL, 1g:10mL, 1g:12mL, 1g:15mL, 1g:17mL, 1g:20mL, 1g:23mL, 1g:25mL, 1g:28mL, 1g:30mL.

[0040] In some embodiments, the low eutectic solvent comprises a hydrogen bond donor, a hydrogen bond acceptor and water, the hydrogen bond donor is at least one of urea, methyl urea, 1,3-dimethyl urea, and 1,1-dimethyl urea, and the hydrogen bond acceptor is at least one of choline chloride and betaine.

[0041] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the hydrogen bond acceptor to the hydrogen bond donor is 1:(0.1-5), for example, it can be but not limited to 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5.

[0042] In some embodiments, the mass of the water is 10-90% of the mass of the low eutectic solvent, for example, it can be but not limited to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%.

[0043] Specifically, the preparation method of the low eutectic solvent is: after mixing the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond acceptor, heating to 30-60° C. and stirring for 3-8 hours, then adding water and stirring evenly to obtain the low eutectic solvent.

[0044] In some embodiments, the fluorine-containing surfactant is selected from at least one of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant and an amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant.

[0045] Specifically, a specific example of the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant is the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant YF-138B; a specific example of the amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant is the amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant Capstone1470.

[0046] Preferably, the fluorinated surfactant is a mixture of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant YF-138B and an amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant Capstone 1470;

[0047] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant YF-138B to the amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant Capstone 1470 is 1:1-3, for example, it can be but not limited to 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3.

[0048] In some embodiments, a specific example of the hydrocarbon surfactant is at least one of sodium lauroyl glutamate (LG-95P), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), and alkyl polyglycoside (APG-0810).

[0049] Preferably, the hydrocarbon surfactant is a mixture of sodium lauroyl glutamate (LG-95P), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), and alkyl glucoside (APG-0810); further preferably, the mass ratio of sodium lauroyl glutamate (LG-95P), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), and alkyl glucoside (APG-0810) is 1:1:1.

[0050] In some embodiments, the foam stabilizer is at least one of sodium alginate, xanthan gum, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0051] In some embodiments, the flame retardant penetrant is triethyl phosphate.

[0052] In some embodiments, the antifreeze liquid is ethylene glycol.

[0053] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] The raw materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples are described below, but are not limited to these materials:

[0055] The first low eutectic solvent is homemade, and its preparation method is: choline chloride and urea are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2, and then stirred at a temperature of 60° C. for 3 hours, and then deionized water is added to obtain the first low eutectic solvent, wherein the mass fraction of water in the first low eutectic solvent is 60%;

[0056] The second deep eutectic solvent is homemade, and its preparation method is different from that of the first deep eutectic solvent only in that betaine is used to replace choline chloride, and the other parameters remain unchanged;

[0057] The third deep eutectic solvent is homemade, and its preparation method is different from that of the second deep eutectic solvent only in that methyl urea is used to replace urea, and the other parameters remain unchanged;

[0058] The fourth low eutectic solvent is homemade, and its preparation method is: betaine and methyl urea are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:3, and then stirred at a temperature of 60° C. for 3 hours, and then deionized water is added to obtain a fourth low eutectic solvent, wherein the mass fraction of water in the fourth low eutectic solvent is 60%;

[0059] The fifth low eutectic solvent is homemade, and its preparation method is: betaine and methyl urea are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:0.1, and then stirred at a temperature of 30°C for 3h, and then deionized water is added to obtain the fifth low eutectic solvent, wherein the mass fraction of water in the fifth low eutectic solvent is 90%;

[0060] The sixth low eutectic solvent is homemade, and its preparation method is: betaine and methyl urea are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:5, and then stirred at a temperature of 45° C. for 8 hours, and then deionized water is added to obtain the sixth low eutectic solvent, wherein the mass fraction of water in the sixth low eutectic solvent is 10%;

[0061] The soybean meal extract 1 is homemade, and its preparation method is as follows: adding soybean meal to the first low eutectic solvent, heating and extracting at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours, filtering, and the obtained filtrate is the soybean meal extract 1; wherein the mass ratio of soybean meal to the volume ratio of the first low eutectic solvent is 1 g:8 mL;

[0062] The soybean meal extract 2 was homemade, and its preparation method was different from that of the soybean meal extract 2 only in that the second low eutectic solvent was used to replace the first low eutectic solvent, and the other parameters remained unchanged.

[0063] The soybean meal extract 3 was prepared in-house, and its preparation method was different from that of the soybean meal extract 2 only in that the third low eutectic solvent was used to replace the first low eutectic solvent, and the other parameters remained unchanged.

[0064] The soybean meal extract 4 is homemade, and its preparation method is different from that of the soybean meal extract 2 only in that the fourth low eutectic solvent is used to replace the first low eutectic solvent, and other parameters remain unchanged.

[0065] The soybean meal extract 5 is homemade, and its preparation method is different from that of the soybean meal extract 2 only in that the fifth low eutectic solvent is used to replace the first low eutectic solvent, and other parameters remain unchanged.

[0066] The soybean meal extract 6 is homemade, and its preparation method is different from that of the soybean meal extract 2 only in that the sixth low eutectic solvent is used to replace the first low eutectic solvent, and other parameters remain unchanged.

[0067] The soybean meal extract 7 is homemade, and its preparation method is as follows: adding soybean meal to the first low eutectic solvent, heating and extracting at a temperature of 80° C. for 6 hours, filtering, and the obtained filtrate is the soybean meal extract 7; wherein the mass ratio of soybean meal to the volume ratio of the first low eutectic solvent is 1 g:30 mL;

[0068] The soybean meal extract 8 is homemade, and its preparation method is as follows: adding soybean meal to the first low eutectic solvent, heating and extracting at a temperature of 90° C. for 1 h, filtering, and the obtained filtrate is the soybean meal extract 8; wherein the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the volume ratio of the first low eutectic solvent is 1 g:5 mL;

[0069] The soybean meal extract 9 is homemade, and its preparation method is as follows: adding soybean meal to deionized water, heating and extracting at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h, filtering, and the obtained filtrate is the soybean meal extract 9; wherein the mass ratio of soybean meal to deionized water is 1 g:8 mL;

[0070] Fluorinated surfactant 1: amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant Capstone 1470, Chemours Company, USA;

[0071] Fluorinated surfactant 2: a mixture of cationic fluorocarbon surfactant YF-138B and amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant Capstone1470 in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant YF-138B is produced by Hubei Ustar Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0072] Hydrocarbon surfactant 1: sodium lauroyl glutamate (LG-95P), manufactured by Hunan Lichen Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0073] Hydrocarbon surfactant 2: a mixture of sodium lauroyl glutamate (LG-95P), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), and alkyl polyglycoside (APG-0810) in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the manufacturers are all Hunan Lichen Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0074] Examples and Comparative Examples

[0075] The components of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment and the comparative example are shown in Table 1 and Table 2; the preparation method of the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment and the comparative example is: soybean meal extract, fluorine-containing surfactant, hydrocarbon surfactant, flame retardant penetrant, foam stabilizer, antifreeze and deionized water are uniformly mixed according to the mass percentages in Table 1 and Table 2 to obtain the supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent.

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Table 2

[0080]

[0081] Comparative Example 5

[0082] This comparative example provides a fire extinguishing agent, which is a commercially available aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent, model AFFF-3%, and the manufacturer is Anhui Ruining Fire Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0083] Comparative Example 6

[0084] This comparative example provides a fire extinguishing agent, which is a commercially available anti-solvent foam fire extinguishing agent, model 3% AFFF-AR, and the manufacturer is Jiangsu Unico Industrial Fire Protection Co., Ltd.

[0085] Performance Testing

[0086] (1) The microstructures of untreated soybean meal powder, soybean meal extract 1, soybean meal extract 2, and soybean meal extract 9 were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Figure 1 shown.

[0087] (2) The fire extinguishing agents of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for performance according to GB15308-2006 standard. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0088] Table 3

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Figure 1 : SEM images of untreated soybean meal powder, soybean meal extract 1, soybean meal extract 2 and soybean meal extract 9, wherein A is untreated soybean meal powder, B is soybean meal extract 9, C is soybean meal extract 1, and D is soybean meal extract 2; Figure 1 It can be seen that the surface of the untreated soybean meal powder is rough, and the fibers and particles are more obvious; the surface of the soybean meal in the soybean meal extract 9 obtained by water extraction is relatively smooth, with a small amount of particles; the surface of the soybean meal in the soybean meal extract 1 is smooth, the surface is bumpy, and the expanded area is large; the surface of the soybean meal in the soybean meal extract 2 is smooth, the surface is bumpy, and the surface cracks; This shows that the cell wall of the soybean meal in the low eutectic solvent accelerates the lysis of the cell wall, dissolves the flame retardant components in the cell wall, causes the cell wall structure to be destroyed, the permeability to increase, promotes the release of intracellular flame retardant components, and increases the content of flame retardant components in the soybean meal extract.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solution of the present disclosure rather than to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present disclosure can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent comprises, by weight percentage, 20-40% soybean meal extract, 0.5-6% fluorine-containing surfactant, 3-20% hydrocarbon surfactant, 3-15% flame retardant penetrant, 0.01-0.1% foam stabilizer, 15-30% antifreeze, and 20-42% water; The preparation method of the soybean meal extract is as follows: adding soybean meal into a low eutectic solvent, extracting at a temperature of 80-100° C. for 1-6 hours, and filtering the obtained filtrate to obtain the soybean meal extract.

2. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the soybean meal to the volume ratio of the low eutectic solvent is 1 g: 5-30 mL.

3. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low eutectic solvent comprises a hydrogen bond donor, a hydrogen bond acceptor and water, the hydrogen bond donor is at least one of urea, methyl urea, 1,3-dimethyl urea and 1,1-dimethyl urea, and the hydrogen bond acceptor is at least one of choline chloride and betaine.

4. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the hydrogen bond acceptor to the hydrogen bond donor is 1:(0.1-5).

5. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass of the water is 10-90% of the mass of the deep eutectic solvent.

6. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluorine-containing surfactant is selected from at least one of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant and an amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant.

7. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrocarbon surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium lauroyl glutamate, cocamidopropyl betaine and alkyl glycoside.

8. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foam stabilizer is at least one of sodium alginate, xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

9. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant penetrant is triethyl phosphate.

10. The supramolecular environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antifreeze liquid is ethylene glycol.

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