A multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of Ganoderma lucidum extraction technology, and discloses a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control. The extraction process includes the following steps: S1 Obtaining Ganoderma lucidum extract. S2 Enzymatically hydrolyzing the extract at 50°C, followed by ultrasonic treatment at 60°C to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. S3 After alcohol extraction pretreatment, undergoing hot reflux treatment at 80°C to extract Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. S4 Supercritical CO2 treatment at 40°C to extract Ganoderma lucidum spore oil. S5 Alkaline extraction and acid precipitation at 60°C, followed by separation and purification to extract ganoderic acids. S6 Hot water extraction at 80°C, followed by ion exchange resin purification to extract ganoderic acid nucleosides. The extraction process of this invention achieves gradient extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, ganoderic acid, and ganoderic acid nucleosides, improving extraction efficiency, enhancing extraction quality, and reducing energy consumption and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Ganoderma lucidum extraction technology, and in particular to a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control. Background Technology

[0002] The various active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides, have extremely high application value in the fields of medicine, health products, cosmetics and other fields.

[0003] However, traditional Ganoderma lucidum extraction methods have many shortcomings: on the one hand, most traditional processes are difficult to precisely control the extraction temperature, resulting in low extraction efficiency and inconsistent quality of different active ingredients. For example, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are prone to degradation at excessively high temperatures, while the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids requires a specific temperature range to ensure the integrity and purity of their active ingredients. On the other hand, traditional extraction technologies can usually only extract one or a few components, lacking comprehensive and efficient multi-component simultaneous extraction schemes. This not only wastes raw materials but also increases production costs and production cycles, failing to meet the modern industry's demand for high-quality and high-yield Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum liquid based on intelligent temperature control to achieve gradient extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides, thereby improving extraction efficiency, improving extraction quality, and reducing energy consumption and cost.

[0005] A multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control includes the following steps:

[0006] S1 Ganoderma lucidum raw material pretreatment to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid;

[0007] S2 enzymatically hydrolyzes Ganoderma lucidum liquid, followed by ultrasonic treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is controlled at 50~60℃ and the ultrasonic treatment temperature is controlled at 60~70℃ by an intelligent temperature control system.

[0008] S3 is the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. After alcohol extraction pretreatment, it is subjected to hot reflux treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. The hot reflux treatment temperature is 80~90℃.

[0009] S4 The residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was subjected to supercritical CO2 treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum spore oil. The temperature of supercritical CO2 treatment was 40~50℃.

[0010] S5 takes the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil and performs alkaline extraction, acid precipitation and separation purification to extract Ganoderma lucidum acid. The temperature of alkaline extraction and acid precipitation is 60~70℃.

[0011] S6 The residue after ganoderic acid extraction was subjected to hot water extraction and ion exchange resin purification to extract ganoderic glycosides. The hot water extraction temperature was 80~90℃.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the specific operation of the pretreatment to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid is as follows: take Ganoderma lucidum raw material and crush it to 40~60 mesh, then add deionized water to adjust the pH of the solution to 5~6 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid. The material-liquid ratio of Ganoderma lucidum raw material to deionized water is 1:20~30.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above solution, the intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the currently extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module, and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curves and process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum components, which include Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid, and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, during the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to the polysaccharides from the database. The temperature detection module uses a high-precision PT100 temperature sensor to monitor temperature changes at each stage of the extraction process in real time and accurately, providing data support for temperature adjustment of the heating or cooling module. The intelligent temperature control system of this invention uses the data stored in the database as a reference and, based on the data fed back by the temperature detection module, triggers the heating module to raise the temperature or triggers the cooling module to lower the temperature, ensuring that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under optimal temperature and process parameter conditions.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the extraction method of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides is specifically operated as follows:

[0015] S21 Add compound enzyme to Ganoderma lucidum liquid, stir and mix, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 50~60℃ for 1.5~2.5h;

[0016] S22 is treated with an ultrasonic device at an ultrasonic power of 400~600W and a temperature of 60~70℃ for 30~50 minutes, and then filtered to obtain residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the amount of the compound enzyme added accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material, and the compound enzyme is obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase, and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1. This invention uses a compound enzyme composed of cellulase, pectinase, and β-glucanase in a 2:1:1 ratio to form a ternary compound enzymatic hydrolysis system. Through the optimized combination of the three enzymes, the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum is efficiently destroyed, thereby promoting polysaccharide dissolution. Compared with single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher quality raw material basis for the subsequent development of polysaccharide products.

[0018] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is specifically operated as follows:

[0019] S31 Take the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, soak it in an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70%~90%, stir it at room temperature for 1~2 hours, and the material-to-liquid ratio of residue to ethanol solution is 1:10~15;

[0020] S32 extracts the soaked mixture by hot reflux at 80-90℃ for 2-3 hours, and then filters it to obtain the residue and an alcohol extract containing Ganoderma triterpenoids.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil is specifically operated as follows:

[0022] The residue after extraction of S41 Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was dried until the moisture content was less than 5%, then pulverized to 80-100 mesh and transferred to the extraction vessel of a CO2 extraction device.

[0023] S42 was extracted for 2-3 hours at 40-50℃, 25-35MPa pressure, and 20-30kg / h CO2 flow rate. The residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration.

[0024] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the specific operation of alkaline extraction and acid precipitation is as follows: soak the residue after Ganoderma lucidum spore oil extraction in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 2%~5% at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8~12, stir at 60~70℃ for 2~3 hours to convert Ganoderma lucidum acid into salt and dissolve it, then filter to obtain the residue and alkaline extract, slowly add dilute hydrochloric acid to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 2~3, and Ganoderma lucidum acid precipitates out.

[0025] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the specific operation of separation and purification is as follows: the alkaline extract is filtered, and the collected ganoderic acid precipitate is washed with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, so as to obtain pure ganoderic acid product.

[0026] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides is specifically operated as follows:

[0027] S61 Take the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum acid, add deionized water, the material-to-liquid ratio is 1:10~15, stir and extract at 80~90℃ for 2~3 hours to dissolve the nucleosides;

[0028] The S62 extract was purified by passing it through a mixed resin column containing a strong acidic cation exchange resin and a weak basic anion exchange resin. Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides were adsorbed onto the resin, and then eluted with ammonia and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluent containing nucleosides was collected, and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides product.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] The extraction process of this invention involves particle size reduction at different extraction stages based on the extraction characteristics of each component, ensuring that the Ganoderma lucidum material has sufficient surface area to facilitate extraction. Furthermore, the material-to-liquid ratio is optimized for different active ingredients, thereby ensuring extraction efficiency while rationally utilizing solvent resources and reducing waste and subsequent processing costs.

[0031] The extraction process of this invention features a unique multi-component gradient extraction flow. Based on the differences in chemical properties and solubility of various active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum, extraction operations are carried out sequentially and orderly, enabling multiple active ingredients to be efficiently separated and extracted from the same raw material. Compared with traditional single-component or simple mixed-component extraction processes, this greatly improves the utilization rate of raw materials, reduces resource waste, and significantly shortens the overall production cycle, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0032] This invention combines intelligent temperature control with extraction technology, enabling the extraction of different Ganoderma lucidum components to be carried out under ideal temperature conditions. This improves extraction efficiency, and the intelligent temperature control system reduces energy waste caused by temperature fluctuations and excessively high temperatures. Compared with traditional extraction techniques, overall energy consumption is reduced, thereby lowering production costs and improving economic benefits. Furthermore, precise temperature control effectively prevents the decomposition and denaturation of active ingredients, thus improving extraction quality. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a block diagram of the intelligent temperature control system used in the multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It should be understood that the following description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0036] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” or any other variations thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that includes the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.

[0037] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper or preferred value with any lower or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. For example, when the range “1 to 5” is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including the ranges “1 to 4”, “1 to 3”, “1 to 2”, “1 to 2 and 4 to 5”, “1 to 3 and 5”, etc. When numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control, which includes the following steps:

[0041] S1 Take 100g of Ganoderma lucidum raw material and crush it to 50 mesh. Then add 2000mL of deionized water to adjust the pH of the solution to 5 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid.

[0042] S2 uses a compound enzyme obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1. The compound enzyme is added to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and the amount of compound enzyme added accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material. After stirring and mixing, the temperature is adjusted by an intelligent temperature control system to achieve enzymatic hydrolysis at 50℃ for 2.5 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic treatment is performed at an ultrasonic power of 400W and a temperature of 60℃ for 50 minutes. Then, the residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are obtained by filtration.

[0043] In this embodiment, a ternary enzymatic hydrolysis system was formed by mixing cellulase, pectinase, and β-glucanase in a 2:1:1 ratio. This optimized combination of the three enzymes efficiently disrupts the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum, thereby promoting polysaccharide dissolution. Compared to single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher-quality raw material basis for the subsequent development of polysaccharide products. In this embodiment, ultrasonic-enhanced extraction is performed after enzymatic hydrolysis to further promote the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0044] S3. The residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was soaked in 1000 ml of 70% ethanol solution and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to allow the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids to initially dissolve and remove some impurities. Then, the temperature was raised to 80°C for reflux extraction for 3 hours. The residue and an ethanol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the ethanol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was further subjected to vacuum distillation to recover ethanol and concentrate the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.

[0045] The residue after extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (S4) was dried until the moisture content was below 5%, then pulverized to 90 mesh to improve the efficiency of supercritical extraction. It was then transferred to the extraction vessel of a CO2 extraction device and extracted for 2-3 hours at 40°C, 25 MPa pressure, and 20 kg / h CO2 flow rate. The residue and an extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was further separated under reduced pressure to obtain Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0046] S5 is used to soak the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8. The mixture is stirred at 60°C for 3 hours to convert ganoderic acid into salt and dissolve it. The residue and alkaline extract are then obtained by filtration. Dilute hydrochloric acid is slowly added dropwise to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 3, causing ganoderic acid to precipitate. The alkaline extract is then filtered again, and the collected ganoderic acid precipitate is washed with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, yielding a pure ganoderic acid product.

[0047] S6. Take the residue after Ganoderma lucidum acid extraction, add deionized water, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, and stir at 80℃ for 3 hours to dissolve the nucleosides. The extract is purified by passing it through a mixed resin column packed with strong acid cation exchange resin and weak base anion exchange resin. Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides are adsorbed on the resin. Then, it is eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluent containing nucleosides is collected, and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides product.

[0048] In this embodiment, the intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the currently extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module, and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curves and process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum components, including but not limited to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acids, and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to the polysaccharides from the database. The temperature detection module uses a high-precision PT100 temperature sensor to monitor temperature changes at each stage of the extraction process in real time and accurately, providing data support for temperature adjustment of the heating or cooling modules. This intelligent temperature control system uses the data stored in the database as a reference and, based on the data fed back by the temperature detection module, triggers the heating module to raise the temperature or the cooling module to lower the temperature, ensuring that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under optimal temperature and process parameters. This avoids decomposition of active ingredients or incomplete extraction due to temperature fluctuations, greatly improving extraction quality and efficiency.

[0049] Testing revealed that the extraction process described in this embodiment yielded a 30% polysaccharide yield, significantly higher than traditional extraction processes (20%–30%). The purity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was 75%, also significantly higher than traditional extraction processes (40%–55%). The yield of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was 20%, the yield of ganoderic acid was 13%, and the purity of ganoderic acid nucleosides was 92%. Compared to traditional extraction processes, the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted in this embodiment exhibits more stable and higher levels of active ingredients such as triterpenoids and unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the extracts of ganoderic acid and ganoderic acid nucleosides contain fewer impurities and are purer in terms of active ingredients.

[0050] Compared with traditional extraction techniques, the extraction process in this embodiment reduces overall energy consumption by 26%, solvent usage by 25%, and raw material utilization by 30%. The aforementioned results demonstrate that the extraction process in this embodiment significantly improves extraction efficiency, noticeably enhances extraction quality, and effectively reduces energy consumption and costs.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment provides a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control, which includes the following steps:

[0053] S1 Take 100g of Ganoderma lucidum raw material and crush it to 50 mesh. Then add 2500mL of deionized water to adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid.

[0054] S2 uses a compound enzyme obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1. The compound enzyme is added to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and the amount of compound enzyme added accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material. After stirring and mixing, the temperature is adjusted by an intelligent temperature control system to achieve enzymatic hydrolysis at 55℃ for 2 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic treatment is performed at an ultrasonic power of 500W and a temperature of 65℃ for 40 minutes. Finally, the residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are obtained by filtration.

[0055] In this embodiment, a ternary enzymatic hydrolysis system was formed by mixing cellulase, pectinase, and β-glucanase in a 2:1:1 ratio. This optimized combination of the three enzymes efficiently disrupts the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum, thereby promoting polysaccharide dissolution. Compared to single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher-quality raw material basis for the subsequent development of polysaccharide products. In this embodiment, ultrasonic-enhanced extraction is performed after enzymatic hydrolysis to further promote the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0056] S3. The residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was soaked in 1200 ml of 80% ethanol solution and stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h to allow the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids to initially dissolve and remove some impurities. Then, the temperature was raised to 85°C for reflux extraction for 2.5 h. The residue and an ethanol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the ethanol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was further subjected to vacuum distillation to recover ethanol and concentrate the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.

[0057] The residue after extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (S4) was dried until the moisture content was below 5%, then pulverized to 90 mesh to improve the efficiency of supercritical extraction. It was then transferred to the extraction vessel of a CO2 extraction device and extracted for 2.5 hours at 45°C, 30 MPa pressure, and 25 kg / h CO2 flow rate. The residue and an extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was further separated under reduced pressure to obtain Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0058] S5 is used to soak the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in a 3% sodium hydroxide solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture is stirred at 65°C for 2.5 hours to convert ganoderic acid into salt and dissolve it. The residue and alkaline extract are then obtained by filtration. Dilute hydrochloric acid is slowly added dropwise to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 3, causing ganoderic acid to precipitate. The alkaline extract is then filtered again, and the collected ganoderic acid precipitate is washed with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, yielding a pure ganoderic acid product.

[0059] S6. The residue after Ganoderma lucidum acid extraction was added to deionized water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:12. The mixture was stirred and extracted at 85℃ for 2.5 hours to dissolve the nucleosides. The extract was purified by passing it through a mixed resin column containing a strong acid cation exchange resin and a weak base anion exchange resin. The Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides were adsorbed onto the resin. The extract was then eluted with ammonia and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluent containing nucleosides was collected and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides product.

[0060] In this embodiment, the intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the currently extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module, and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curves and process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum components, including but not limited to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acids, and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to the polysaccharides from the database. The temperature detection module uses a high-precision PT100 temperature sensor to monitor temperature changes at each stage of the extraction process in real time and accurately, providing data support for temperature adjustment of the heating or cooling modules. This intelligent temperature control system uses the data stored in the database as a reference and, based on the data fed back by the temperature detection module, triggers the heating module to raise the temperature or the cooling module to lower the temperature, ensuring that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under optimal temperature and process parameters. This avoids decomposition of active ingredients or incomplete extraction due to temperature fluctuations, greatly improving extraction quality and efficiency.

[0061] Testing revealed that the extraction process described in this embodiment yielded a 32% polysaccharide yield, significantly higher than traditional extraction processes (20%–30%). The purity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was 78%, also significantly higher than traditional extraction processes (40%–55%). The yield of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was 22%, the yield of ganoderic acid was 14%, and the purity of ganoderic acid nucleosides was 95%. Compared to traditional extraction processes, the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted in this embodiment exhibits more stable and higher levels of active ingredients such as triterpenoids and unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the extracts of ganoderic acid and ganoderic acid nucleosides contain fewer impurities and are purer in terms of active ingredients.

[0062] Compared with traditional extraction techniques, the extraction process in this embodiment reduces overall energy consumption by 28%, solvent usage by 27%, and raw material utilization by 32%. The aforementioned results demonstrate that the extraction process in this embodiment significantly improves extraction efficiency, noticeably enhances extraction quality, and effectively reduces energy consumption and costs.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This embodiment provides a multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control, which includes the following steps:

[0065] S1 Take 100g of Ganoderma lucidum raw material and crush it to 50 mesh. Then add 3000mL of deionized water to adjust the pH of the solution to 6 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid.

[0066] S2 uses a compound enzyme obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:1. The compound enzyme is added to the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, and the amount of compound enzyme added accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material. After stirring and mixing, the temperature is adjusted by an intelligent temperature control system to achieve enzymatic hydrolysis at 60℃ for 1.5 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic treatment is performed at an ultrasonic power of 600W and a temperature of 70℃ for 30 minutes. Then, the residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are obtained by filtration.

[0067] In this embodiment, a ternary enzymatic hydrolysis system was formed by mixing cellulase, pectinase, and β-glucanase in a 2:1:1 ratio. This optimized combination of the three enzymes efficiently disrupts the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum, thereby promoting polysaccharide dissolution. Compared to single enzymes and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the extraction rate and purity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are significantly improved, providing a higher-quality raw material basis for the subsequent development of polysaccharide products. In this embodiment, ultrasonic-enhanced extraction is performed after enzymatic hydrolysis to further promote the dissolution of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0068] S3. The residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was soaked in 1500 ml of 90% ethanol solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to allow the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids to initially dissolve and remove some impurities. Then, the temperature was raised to 90°C for reflux extraction for 2 hours. The residue and an ethanol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the ethanol extract containing Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was further subjected to vacuum distillation to recover ethanol and concentrate the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.

[0069] The residue after extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (S4) was dried until the moisture content was below 5%, then pulverized to 90 mesh to improve the efficiency of supercritical extraction. It was then transferred to the extraction vessel of a CO2 extraction device and extracted for 2 hours at 50°C, 35 MPa pressure, and 30 kg / h CO2 flow rate. The residue and an extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration. In this embodiment, the extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was further separated under reduced pressure to obtain Ganoderma lucidum spore oil.

[0070] S5 is used to soak the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:12. The mixture is stirred at 70°C for 2 hours to convert ganoderic acid into salt and dissolve it. The residue and alkaline extract are then obtained by filtration. Dilute hydrochloric acid is slowly added dropwise to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 3, causing ganoderic acid to precipitate. The alkaline extract is then filtered again, and the collected ganoderic acid precipitate is washed with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, yielding a pure ganoderic acid product.

[0071] S6. Take the residue after Ganoderma lucidum acid extraction, add deionized water, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, and stir at 90℃ for 2 hours to dissolve the nucleosides. The extract is purified by passing it through a mixed resin column packed with strong acid cation exchange resin and weak base anion exchange resin. Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides are adsorbed on the resin. Then, it is eluted with ammonia water and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluent containing nucleosides is collected, and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides product.

[0072] In this embodiment, the intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the currently extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module, and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curves and process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum components, including but not limited to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acids, and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides. For example, when extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the data retrieval module retrieves the optimal extraction temperature curve and process parameters corresponding to the polysaccharides from the database. The temperature detection module uses a high-precision PT100 temperature sensor to monitor temperature changes at each stage of the extraction process in real time and accurately, providing data support for temperature adjustment of the heating or cooling modules. This intelligent temperature control system uses the data stored in the database as a reference and, based on the data fed back by the temperature detection module, triggers the heating module to raise the temperature or the cooling module to lower the temperature, ensuring that the current Ganoderma lucidum components are extracted under optimal temperature and process parameters. This avoids decomposition of active ingredients or incomplete extraction due to temperature fluctuations, greatly improving extraction quality and efficiency.

[0073] Testing revealed that the extraction process described in this embodiment yielded a 35% polysaccharide yield, significantly higher than traditional extraction processes (20%–30%). The purity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was 82%, also significantly higher than traditional extraction processes (40%–55%). The yield of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil was 25%, the yield of ganoderic acid was 15%, and the purity of ganoderic acid nucleosides was 98%. Compared to traditional extraction processes, the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted in this embodiment exhibits more stable and higher levels of active ingredients such as triterpenoids and unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the extracts of ganoderic acid and ganoderic acid nucleosides contain fewer impurities and are purer in terms of active ingredients.

[0074] Compared with traditional extraction techniques, the extraction process in this embodiment reduces overall energy consumption by 32%, solvent usage by 23%, and raw material utilization by 31%. These results demonstrate that the extraction process in this embodiment significantly improves extraction efficiency, noticeably enhances extraction quality, and effectively reduces energy consumption and costs.

[0075] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, and substitutions made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-component gradient extraction process for Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Ganoderma lucidum raw material pretreatment to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid; S2 enzymatically hydrolyzes Ganoderma lucidum liquid, followed by ultrasonic treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is controlled at 50~60℃ and the ultrasonic treatment temperature is controlled at 60~70℃ by an intelligent temperature control system. S3 is the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. After alcohol extraction pretreatment, it is subjected to hot reflux treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. The hot reflux treatment temperature is 80~90℃. S4 The residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was subjected to supercritical CO2 treatment to extract Ganoderma lucidum spore oil. The temperature of supercritical CO2 treatment was 40~50℃. S5 takes the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil and performs alkaline extraction, acid precipitation and separation purification to extract Ganoderma lucidum acid. The temperature of alkaline extraction and acid precipitation is 60~70℃. S6 The residue after ganoderic acid extraction was subjected to hot water extraction and ion exchange resin purification to extract ganoderic glycosides. The hot water extraction temperature was 80~90℃.

2. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation for obtaining Ganoderma lucidum liquid through pretreatment is as follows: Ganoderma lucidum raw material is crushed to 40-60 mesh, and then deionized water is added to adjust the pH of the solution to 5-6 to obtain Ganoderma lucidum liquid. The ratio of Ganoderma lucidum raw material to deionized water is 1:20-30.

3. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent temperature control system includes a database, a data retrieval module for retrieving information corresponding to the currently extracted components from the database, a temperature detection module, a heating module, and a cooling module. The database stores the optimal temperature curves and process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum components, which include Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, Ganoderma lucidum acid, and Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides.

4. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction method for Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides is as follows: S21 Add compound enzyme to Ganoderma lucidum liquid, stir and mix, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 50~60℃ for 1.5~2.5h; S22 is treated with an ultrasonic device at an ultrasonic power of 400~600W and a temperature of 60~70℃ for 30~50 minutes, and then filtered to obtain residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

5. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of the compound enzyme added accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the Ganoderma lucidum raw material, and the compound enzyme is obtained by mixing cellulase, pectinase and β-glucanase in a ratio of 2:1:

1.

6. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids is specifically operated as follows: S31 Take the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, soak it in an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70%~90%, stir it at room temperature for 1~2 hours, and the material-to-liquid ratio of residue to ethanol solution is 1:10~15; S32 extracts the soaked mixture by hot reflux at 80-90℃ for 2-3 hours, and then filters it to obtain the residue and an alcohol extract containing Ganoderma triterpenoids.

7. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil are as follows: The residue after extraction of S41 Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was dried until the moisture content was less than 5%, then pulverized to 80-100 mesh and transferred to the extraction vessel of a CO2 extraction device. S42 was extracted for 2-3 hours at 40-50℃, 25-35MPa pressure, and 20-30kg / h CO2 flow rate. The residue and extract containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil were obtained by filtration.

8. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of alkaline extraction and acid precipitation is as follows: the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil is soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 2%~5% at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8~12. The mixture is stirred at 60~70℃ for 2~3 hours to convert Ganoderma lucidum acid into salt and dissolve it. The residue and alkaline extract are then obtained by filtration. Dilute hydrochloric acid is slowly added dropwise to the alkaline extract to adjust the pH to 2~3, and Ganoderma lucidum acid precipitates out.

9. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific separation and purification operation is as follows: the alkaline extract is filtered, and the collected ganoderic acid precipitate is washed with ethanol or acetone to remove impurities, thereby obtaining a pure ganoderic acid product.

10. The multi-component gradient extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum extract based on intelligent temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of the method for extracting Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides is as follows: S61 Take the residue after extracting Ganoderma lucidum acid, add deionized water, the material-to-liquid ratio is 1:10~15, stir and extract at 80~90℃ for 2~3h to dissolve the nucleosides; The S62 extract was purified by passing it through a mixed resin column containing a strong acidic cation exchange resin and a weak basic anion exchange resin. Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides were adsorbed onto the resin, and then eluted with ammonia and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The eluent containing nucleosides was collected, and then concentrated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum nucleosides product.

Images