A hammer crusher and a crushing method

Abstract

A hammer crusher and a crushing method provided by the present invention relate to the technical field of material crushing, and include an intelligent control system. The intelligent control system includes a crushing parameter regulation and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module, and a regulation execution module. The crushing parameter regulation and analysis module analyzes the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain crushing parameters. The energy-saving optimization module analyzes the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation to obtain an energy-saving adjustment coefficient. The regulation execution module automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer using the adjusted crushing parameters. The present invention can obtain the characteristic information of the material in real time through the material characteristic detection module, calculate the suitable crushing parameters through the crushing parameter regulation and analysis module, and combine the energy-saving adjustment coefficient obtained by the energy-saving optimization module. The regulation execution module automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer, so as to achieve precise crushing for different material characteristics and effectively reduce energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material crushing, and particularly relates to a hammer crusher and a crushing method. Background Art

[0002] A hammer crusher is a machine that uses high-speed rotating hammer heads to impact materials, causing them to break along vulnerable parts such as natural cracks, bedding planes, and joint planes. It has characteristics such as a high crushing ratio, large production capacity, and uniform product particle size, and is widely used in industrial sectors such as building materials, chemical engineering, and electric power for crushing materials such as limestone, coal, and shale.

[0003] However, traditional hammer crushers achieve crushing by impacting materials with high-speed rotating crushing hammers, but have the following defects:

[0004] 1. The crushing parameters (such as rotational speed and impact force) are fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the hardness, humidity, and particle distribution of the materials, resulting in high energy consumption and easy wear of the equipment;

[0005] 2. There is a lack of real-time energy consumption monitoring and optimization mechanism, and serious energy waste is not conducive to sustainable development.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hammer crusher and a crushing method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a hammer crusher and a crushing method to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, a hammer crusher provided by the present invention includes a fixed frame. One side of the upper end of the fixed frame is fixedly connected with a fixing plate. A driving mechanism is installed on the upper end of the fixing plate. On the other side of the upper end of the fixed frame, a protective housing is fixedly connected. An inlet is provided on one side of the upper end of the protective housing. A crushing mechanism is installed inside the protective housing. A buffer mechanism is installed on one side of the lower end of the crushing mechanism. A screening mechanism is installed at the lower end of the buffer mechanism. The crushing mechanism includes a hammer disc horizontally and rotatably installed inside the protective housing. A plurality of circular grooves are equidistantly arranged between the hammer discs. A plurality of through holes are equidistantly arranged on the hammer disc. Crushing hammers are hinged between the hammer discs on both sides of the through holes.

[0009] It further includes an intelligent control system. The intelligent control system includes a material property detection module, a crushing parameter regulation and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module, and a regulation execution module. The material property detection module is used to detect the property information of the material to be crushed. Among them, the property information includes the hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution of the material to be crushed.

[0010] The crushing parameter regulation and analysis module is used to analyze the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain crushing parameters; the crushing parameters include a speed adjustment coefficient and a force adjustment coefficient.

[0011] The energy-saving optimization module is used to analyze based on the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation to obtain an energy-saving adjustment coefficient.

[0012] The regulation execution module is used to adjust the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjust the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer using the crushing parameters.

[0013] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor installed at the upper end of the fixed plate. A driving wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft of the servo motor. A belt is sleeved outside the driving wheel. The other end of the belt is sleeved outside the driven wheel. The middle fixed column at the other end of the driven wheel penetrates through the protective housing and is fixedly connected to the rotating column in the middle of the hammer disc.

[0014] Preferably, the buffer mechanism includes an arc-shaped buffer plate hinged and installed at the lower end of the crushing mechanism inside the protective housing. A support rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower end of the arc-shaped buffer plate. A telescopic groove is opened inward at one end of the support rod. A telescopic rod is installed in the telescopic groove. The other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the fixed block. The fixed block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective housing. And a telescopic spring is sleeved outside the telescopic rod between the fixed block and the support rod.

[0015] Preferably, the screening mechanism includes an inclined material distribution plate fixedly connected to the inside of the protective housing. A plurality of rows of impurity holes are equidistantly opened on the inclined material distribution plate. And a discharge port is opened in the protective housing at the lower end of the inclined material distribution plate.

[0016] Preferably, the material characteristic detection module includes a hardness sensor and a humidity detection probe, both of which are installed at the feeding port; the hardness information and humidity information of the material are obtained by contacting the material. The hardness sensor and the humidity detection probe are both electrically connected to the crushing parameter regulation and analysis module.

[0017] Preferably, the characteristic information of the material to be crushed is analyzed to obtain the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient. Specifically:

[0018] A material characteristic database is established, including the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of different types of materials.

[0019] Obtain the characteristic information of the material to be crushed, including hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution; among them, the particle size distribution includes the proportion deviation value of the material in each particle size range; identify the type of the material to be crushed; match a large amount of characteristic information of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed from the material characteristic database, and calculate the average values of hardness, humidity, and particle size proportion of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed to obtain the average hardness, average humidity, and average particle size proportion.

[0020] According to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed, the average hardness, the average humidity, and the average particle size proportion, calculate the rotation speed adjustment coefficient using a preset formula; according to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed, the average hardness, the average humidity, and the average particle size proportion, calculate the force adjustment coefficient using a preset formula.

[0021] Preferably, the acquisition logic of the particle size distribution is as follows:

[0022] Set a particle size detection device at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to detect the particle size distribution of the screened material and obtain the proportion of the material in different particle size ranges; set a qualified particle size range, and obtain the actual qualified particle size ratio by dividing the proportion of the material within the qualified particle size range by the total material ratio of all particle size ranges;

[0023] Set a preset qualified particle size ratio, and set the target proportion of different particle size ranges according to the production crushing requirements; compare the actual qualified particle size ratio with the preset qualified particle size ratio. When the actual qualified particle size ratio is less than the preset qualified particle size ratio, calculate the deviation value between the preset qualified particle size ratio and the target proportion corresponding to each particle size range and record it as the material proportion deviation value; mark the material proportion deviation value of each particle size range as the particle size distribution.

[0024] Preferably, analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation to obtain the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, specifically:

[0025] Obtain the historical data of the equipment operation and perform preprocessing; among them, the historical data includes the material characteristics, crushing parameters, equipment operation time, and energy consumption data at different time periods;

[0026] Set the parameters of the random forest, including the number of decision trees and the maximum depth of each decision tree;

[0027] Divide the preprocessed historical data into a training set and a test set according to a set ratio; use the training set data to train the random forest model; among them, when each decision tree in the random forest is trained, randomly extract a part of the samples from the training data and randomly select a part of the features to construct the decision tree;

[0028] Input the real-time monitoring data into the trained random forest model. The random forest model will make predictions for each decision tree, and average the prediction results of all decision trees to obtain the predicted energy consumption value;

[0029] Obtain the actual energy consumption of the device, and calculate the energy consumption deviation rate based on the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption;

[0030] Compare the energy consumption deviation rate with the preset energy consumption deviation threshold. If the energy consumption deviation rate is greater than its energy consumption deviation threshold, it indicates that the energy consumption deviation is large, and calculate the energy-saving adjustment coefficient based on the energy consumption deviation rate; otherwise, if the energy consumption deviation rate is less than or equal to its energy consumption deviation threshold, it indicates that the energy consumption deviation is within the allowable range.

[0031] Preferably, the present application also provides a crushing method based on the above hammer crusher, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0032] S1. The material enters the crusher through the feed inlet, and the material property detection module detects the property information of the material to be crushed;

[0033] S2. The crushing parameter regulation and analysis module calculates the rotational speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material property information and in combination with the material property database;

[0034] S3. The energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation, and analyzes and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through the random forest model;

[0035] S4. The regulation execution module adjusts the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the rotational speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer;

[0036] S5. The driving mechanism drives the hammer disc to rotate, and the crushing hammer impacts and crushes the material under the drive of the hammer disc;

[0037] S6. After the crushed material is buffered by the buffer mechanism, it falls on the screening mechanism. Through the screening of the screening mechanism, the material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the material that does not meet the requirements can be crushed or processed again according to the actual situation.

[0038] Compared with the related technology, a hammer crusher provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The present invention can obtain the material property information in real time through the material property detection module, calculate the adapted crushing parameters through the crushing parameter regulation and analysis module, and combine the energy-saving adjustment coefficient obtained by the energy-saving optimization module. The regulation execution module automatically adjusts the rotational speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer, so as to realize accurate crushing for different material properties, effectively reduce energy consumption, reduce equipment wear, and improve the service life of the equipment.

[0040] 2. The present invention uses a random forest model to analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation through an energy-saving optimization module, realizes real-time monitoring and optimization of energy consumption, calculates the deviation rate between the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption, adjusts the crushing parameters in a timely manner when the energy consumption deviation is large, reduces energy consumption, and improves energy utilization efficiency, meeting the requirements of sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hammer crusher provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 is Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the overall structure on the other side shown in;

[0043] Figure 3 is Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the upward view structure shown in;

[0044] Figure 4 is Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side sectional view shown in;

[0045] Figure 5 is Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side sectional view of the telescopic mechanism shown in;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic block diagram of the intelligent control system provided by the present invention.

[0047] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, fixed frame; 2, fixed plate; 3, protective housing; 4, feed inlet; 5, servo motor; 6, belt; 7, driven wheel; 8, material distribution plate; 9, fixed block; 10, impurity discharge hole; 11, support rod; 12, arc-shaped buffer plate; 13, telescopic rod; 14, telescopic spring; 15, hammer disc; 16, crushing hammer; 17, counterattack lining plate; 18, telescopic groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] The terms used in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. The singular forms "a set", "a class" and "the" as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0050] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "while" or "in response to determining".

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1-6 together. A hammer crusher includes a fixed frame 1. On one side of the upper end of the fixed frame 1, a fixed plate 2 is fixedly connected. A driving mechanism is installed at the upper end of the fixed plate 2. On the other side of the upper end of the fixed frame 1, a protective housing 3 is fixedly connected. An inlet 4 is provided on one side of the upper end of the protective housing 3. A crushing mechanism is installed inside the protective housing 3. A buffer mechanism is installed on one side of the lower end of the crushing mechanism. A screening mechanism is installed at the lower end of the buffer mechanism. The crushing mechanism includes a hammer disc 15 horizontally and rotatably installed inside the protective housing 3. The hammer disc 15 is cast by an inlaid wear-resistant alloy process, and a wear-resistant material is selected, with a hardness range of HRC50 - 55, and its design service life is longer than that of the prior art design. It can usually be used for 3 - 5 years.

[0052] A plurality of circular grooves are equidistantly arranged between the hammer discs 15, and a plurality of through holes are equidistantly arranged on the hammer discs 15. A crushing hammer 16 is hingedly installed between the hammer discs 15 on both sides of the through hole;

[0053] It further includes an intelligent control system. The intelligent control system includes a material property detection module, a crushing parameter regulation and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module, and a regulation execution module; the material property detection module is used to detect the property information of the material to be crushed; wherein, the property information includes the hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution of the material to be crushed;

[0054] The crushing parameter regulation and analysis module is used to analyze the property information of the material to be crushed to obtain crushing parameters; wherein the crushing parameters include a speed adjustment coefficient and a force adjustment coefficient;

[0055] The energy-saving optimization module is used to analyze based on the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation to obtain an energy-saving adjustment coefficient;

[0056] The regulation execution module is used to adjust the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, specifically:

[0057] Obtain the initial rotational speed V0 of the driving mechanism, and use the energy-saving adjustment coefficient and rotational speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the initial rotational speed of the driving mechanism to obtain the adjusted rotational speed V. The formula is expressed as ;

[0058] Obtain the initial striking force F0 of the breaker 16, and use the energy-saving adjustment coefficient and force adjustment coefficient to adjust the initial striking force of the breaker 16 to obtain the adjusted striking force F. The formula is expressed as , and automatically adjust the rotational speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the breaker 16 using the adjusted crushing parameters.

[0059] In this application, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor 5 installed at the upper end of the fixed plate 2. A driving wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft of the servo motor 5. A belt 6 is sleeved outside the driving wheel, and the other end of the belt 6 is sleeved outside the driven wheel 7. The middle fixing column at the other end of the driven wheel 7 penetrates through the protective housing 3 and is fixedly connected to the rotating column in the middle of the hammer plate 15.

[0060] In this application, the buffer mechanism includes an arc-shaped buffer plate 12 hinged and installed at the lower end of the crushing mechanism inside the protective housing 3. A support rod 11 is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower end of the arc-shaped buffer plate 12. A telescopic groove 18 is opened inward at one end of the support rod 11. A telescopic rod 13 is installed in the telescopic groove 18. The other end of the telescopic rod 13 is fixedly connected to the fixed block 9. The fixed block 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective housing 3, and a telescopic spring 14 is sleeved outside the telescopic rod 13 between the fixed block 9 and the support rod 11.

[0061] In this application, the screening mechanism includes an inclined material distribution plate 8 fixedly connected to the inside of the protective housing 3. A plurality of rows of impurity holes 10 are equidistantly opened on the inclined material distribution plate 8, and a discharge port is opened on the protective housing 3 at the lower end of the inclined material distribution plate 8.

[0062] In this application, the material property detection module includes a hardness sensor and a humidity detection probe, both of which are installed at the feed inlet 4; the hardness information and humidity information of the material are obtained by contacting the material, and both the hardness sensor and the humidity detection probe are electrically connected to the crushing parameter regulation and analysis module.

[0063] In this application, obtaining the rotational speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient by analyzing the characteristic information of the material to be crushed, specifically:

[0064] Establish a material property database, including the hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution of different types of materials;

[0065] Obtain the characteristic information of the material to be crushed, including hardness H, humidity M, and particle size distribution; where the particle size distribution includes the proportion deviation value Di of the material in each particle size range, and i represents the number of the particle size range; identify the type of the material to be crushed, specifically through manual input or identification based on image recognition algorithms and feature fusion-based recognition algorithms; match a large amount of characteristic information of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed from the material characteristic database, and calculate the average value of the hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed to obtain the average hardness 、average humidity 、average particle size proportion ;

[0066] Use a preset formula to calculate the rotational speed adjustment coefficient ; where k1, k2, and k3 respectively represent the weight coefficients of the influence of hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution on the rotational speed adjustment, n represents the number of particle size ranges set in the detection of the material particle size distribution, i represents the number of the particle size range, and wi represents the importance weight of the i-th particle size range;

[0067] Use a preset formula to calculate the force adjustment coefficient ; where a1, a2, and a3 respectively represent the weight coefficients of the influence of hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution on the impact force adjustment, and ui represents the impact force adjustment weight corresponding to the i-th particle size range.

[0068] In this application, the acquisition logic of the particle size distribution is as follows:

[0069] Set a particle size detection device at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to detect the particle size distribution of the screened material and obtain the proportion of the material in different particle size ranges; set a qualified particle size range, and divide the proportion of the material within the qualified particle size range by the total material ratio of all particle size ranges to obtain the actual qualified particle size ratio P;

[0070] Set the preset qualified particle size ratio as P0, and set the target proportion P0i of different particle size ranges according to the production crushing requirements; compare the actual qualified particle size ratio with the preset qualified particle size ratio. When P < P0, calculate the deviation value between the preset qualified particle size ratio and the target proportion corresponding to each particle size range and record it as the material proportion deviation value Di, and the formula is expressed as ; Mark the material proportion deviation value Di of each particle size range as the particle size distribution.

[0071] In this application, analyze based on the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation to obtain the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, specifically:

[0072] Obtain the historical data of the equipment operation and preprocess it; the historical data includes material characteristics, crushing parameters, equipment operation time, and energy consumption data at different time periods;

[0073] Set the parameters of the random forest, including the number of decision trees and the maximum depth of each decision tree;

[0074] Divide the preprocessed historical data into a training set and a test set according to a set ratio; use the training set data to train the random forest model; when training each decision tree in the random forest, randomly extract a part of the samples from the training data and randomly select a part of the features to construct the decision tree;

[0075] Input the real-time monitoring data into the trained random forest model. The random forest model will make predictions for each decision tree, and average the prediction results of all decision trees to obtain the predicted energy consumption value ;

[0076] Obtain the actual energy consumption of the equipment , calculate the energy consumption deviation rate according to the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption , the formula is expressed as ;

[0077] Compare the energy consumption deviation rate with the preset energy consumption deviation threshold. If the energy consumption deviation rate is greater than its energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is large, and calculate the energy-saving adjustment coefficient according to the energy consumption deviation rate. The formula is expressed as ; where represents the adjustment factor; on the contrary, if the energy consumption deviation rate is less than or equal to its energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is within the allowable range.

[0078] In this application, a crushing method based on the above hammer crusher is also provided, including the following steps:

[0079] S1. The material enters the crusher through the feed inlet 4, and the material characteristic detection module detects the characteristic information of the material to be crushed;

[0080] S2. The crushing parameter regulation and analysis module calculates the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material characteristic information and in combination with the material characteristic database;

[0081] S3. The energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through analysis by the random forest model;

[0082] S4. The regulation execution module adjusts the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer 16;

[0083] In S5, the driving mechanism drives the hammer disc 15 to rotate, and the impact crusher 16 drives the material to be impacted and crushed under the drive of the hammer disc 15;

[0084] In S6, after the crushed material is buffered by the buffer mechanism, it falls on the screening mechanism. Through the screening of the screening mechanism, the material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the material that does not meet the requirements can be crushed or processed again according to the actual situation.

[0085] The working principle of a hammer crusher and a crushing method provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0086] 1. Equipment installation and initialization: Install mechanical components such as the fixed frame 1, the fixed plate 2, and the protective housing 3 according to the design requirements to ensure the stable structure of the equipment; install the driving mechanism, the crushing mechanism, the buffer mechanism, and the screening mechanism, and connect the transmission devices and fixed components of each component. For example, install the servo motor 5 on the fixed plate 2 and connect the hammer disc 15 through the belt 6 and the driven wheel 7; install the sensors of the material property detection module and the particle size detection device at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to ensure its normal operation. Initialize the intelligent control system, import the material property database, and set the parameters of the random forest model (for example, the number of decision trees is 50, and the maximum depth is 10), the energy consumption deviation threshold is 10%, and the adjustment factor α is 0.5. Specifically, it is set according to the actual situation and production requirements;

[0087] 2. Material property detection: Feed the material to be crushed into the equipment through the feed inlet 4, and the material property detection module starts to work; the hardness sensor and the humidity detection probe obtain the hardness and humidity information of the material, and the particle size detection device detects the particle size distribution of the screened material, calculates the actual qualified particle size ratio P and the material proportion deviation value Di, and transmits these data to the crushing parameter regulation and analysis module;

[0088] 3. Crushing parameter calculation and adjustment: The crushing parameter regulation and analysis module receives the material property data, calculates the rotation speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material property information combined with the material property database; the energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through the random forest model analysis;

[0089] 4. The regulation execution module adjusts the rotation speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the impact crusher 16;

[0090] 5. The adjusted drive mechanism drives the hammer disc 15 and the breaker 16 to operate, crushing the material; the crushed material falls onto the buffer mechanism, and the arc-shaped buffer plate 12 buffers the impact force of the material under the action of the telescopic spring 14; the buffered material enters the screening mechanism, and the inclined material distribution plate 8 screens the material. The material meeting the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port through the miscellaneous holes 10, and the material not meeting the requirements can be crushed again or otherwise processed according to the actual situation, which can be specifically set according to the actual situation.

[0091] Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include known common knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed in this disclosure. The specification and examples are only regarded as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are pointed out by the following claims.

[0092] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exact structures already described and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hammer crusher, comprising a fixed frame (1), a fixed plate (2) being fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the fixed frame (1), a driving mechanism being mounted on the upper end of the fixed plate (2), a protective shell (3) being fixedly connected to the other side of the upper end of the fixed frame (1), a material inlet (4) being provided on one side of the upper end of the protective shell (3), a crushing mechanism being mounted inside the protective shell (3), a buffering mechanism being mounted on one side of the lower end of the crushing mechanism, and a screening mechanism being mounted on the lower end of the buffering mechanism, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises a hammer disc (15) mounted horizontally and rotatably on the inner side of the protective housing (3), a plurality of circular grooves are equidistantly provided between the hammer discs (15), and a plurality of through holes are equidistantly provided on the hammer discs (15), and crushing hammers (16) are hingedly mounted between the hammer discs (15) on both sides of the through holes; It also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a material property detection module, a crushing parameter control and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module and a control execution module; the material property detection module is used to detect the property information of the material to be crushed; wherein the property information includes the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material to be crushed; The crushing parameter control and analysis module is used to analyze the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain the crushing parameters; the crushing parameters include the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient; Energy-saving optimization module, which is used to analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation to obtain the energy-saving adjustment coefficient; A control execution module, used to adjust the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjust the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer (16) using the crushing parameters; The characteristic information of the material to be crushed is analyzed to obtain the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient, which are as follows: Establish a material properties database, including hardness, moisture and particle size distribution of different types of materials; Obtaining characteristic information of the material to be crushed, including hardness, humidity and particle size distribution; wherein the particle size distribution includes the deviation value of the material proportion in each particle size interval; identifying the type of the material to be crushed; matching a large amount of characteristic information of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed from the material characteristic database, and calculating the mean of the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed to obtain the mean hardness, mean humidity and mean particle size proportion; According to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed and the average hardness, average humidity and average particle size ratio, the speed adjustment coefficient is calculated using a preset formula; according to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed and the average hardness, average humidity and average particle size ratio, the force adjustment coefficient is calculated using a preset formula; According to the analysis of the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is obtained, which is: Obtain historical data of equipment operation and pre-process it; the historical data includes material characteristics, crushing parameters, equipment operation time, and energy consumption data at different time periods; Set the parameters of the random forest, including the number of decision trees and the maximum depth of each decision tree; The preprocessed historical data is divided into a training set and a test set according to a set ratio; the training set data is used to train the random forest model; during the training, each decision tree in the random forest randomly extracts a part of the samples from the training data and randomly selects a part of the features to construct the decision tree; The real-time monitoring data is input into the trained random forest model, which will make predictions for each decision tree and average the prediction results of all decision trees to obtain the predicted energy consumption value. Obtain the actual energy consumption of the equipment and calculate the energy consumption deviation rate based on the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption; The energy consumption deviation rate is compared with the preset energy consumption deviation threshold. If the energy consumption deviation rate is greater than the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is large, and the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is calculated based on the energy consumption deviation rate. Conversely, if the energy consumption deviation rate is less than or equal to the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is within the allowable range.

2. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a servo motor (5) mounted on the upper end of the fixed plate (2); a driving wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft of the servo motor (5); a belt (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the driving wheel; the other end of the belt (6) is sleeved on the outer side of a driven wheel (7); a fixed column in the middle of the other end of the driven wheel (7) penetrates the protective housing (3) and is fixedly connected to a rotating column in the middle of the hammer disc (15).

3. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism comprises an arc-shaped buffer plate (12) hingedly mounted at the lower end of the crushing mechanism inside the protective shell (3); a support rod (11) is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower end of the arc-shaped buffer plate (12); a telescopic groove (18) is formed inwardly at one end of the support rod (11); a telescopic rod (13) is installed in the telescopic groove (18); the other end of the telescopic rod (13) is fixedly connected to a fixed block (9); the fixed block (9) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (3); and a telescopic spring (14) is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod (13) between the fixed block (9) and the support rod (11).

4. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening mechanism comprises an inclined material distribution plate (8) fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective shell (3), the inclined material distribution plate (8) being provided with a plurality of rows of miscellaneous holes (10) at equal intervals, and a discharge port being provided at the protective shell (3) at the lower end of the inclined material distribution plate (8).

5. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material property detection module comprises a hardness sensor and a humidity detection probe, both of which are installed at the material inlet (4); the hardness information and humidity information of the material are obtained by contacting the material, and the hardness sensor and the humidity detection probe are both electrically connected to the crushing parameter control and analysis module.

6. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The logic for obtaining the particle size distribution is as follows: A particle size detection device is set at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to detect the particle size distribution of the material after screening and obtain the proportion of materials in different particle size intervals; a qualified particle size interval is set, and the actual qualified particle size ratio is obtained by dividing the proportion of materials in the qualified particle size interval by the total material ratio of all particle size intervals; Set the preset qualified particle size ratio and set the target ratio of different particle size ranges according to production crushing requirements; The actual qualified particle size ratio is compared with the preset qualified particle size ratio. When the actual qualified particle size ratio is less than the preset qualified particle size ratio, the deviation between the preset qualified particle size ratio and the target ratio corresponding to each particle size interval is calculated and recorded as the material ratio deviation value; the material ratio deviation value of each particle size interval is marked as particle size distribution.

7. A crushing method based on the hammer crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, the material enters the crusher through the feed port (4), and the material property detection module detects the property information of the material to be crushed; S2, the crushing parameter control and analysis module calculates the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material characteristic information and the material characteristic database; S3, the energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through random forest model analysis; S4, the control execution module adjusts the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer (16); S5, the driving mechanism drives the hammer plate (15) to rotate, and the crushing hammer (16) is driven by the hammer plate (15) to impact and crush the material; S6, the crushed material is buffered by the buffer mechanism and falls on the screening mechanism. After being screened by the screening mechanism, the material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the material that does not meet the requirements can be crushed or processed again according to the actual situation.

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