Construction waste material classification and processing device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of construction technology, and discloses a device for sorting and processing construction waste materials, including a wet separation tank and a sorting and conveying mechanism. A partition is provided in the wet separation tank, which divides the wet separation tank into two independent wet separation areas. Magnetite suspension is stored in the wet separation area, and the magnetite suspension is used to suspend waste materials of different densities at different depths within the wet separation area. Through the above-mentioned design, the present invention can utilize magnetite suspension to suspend waste materials of different densities in different areas, and then utilize a salvage mechanism to salvage the waste materials at different depths, and transfer the salvaged waste materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism and finally transport them to different locations for storage or participation in the next process. It can accurately collect, classify and transfer the waste materials based on their density, and work automatically, which is easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a device for sorting and processing building construction waste materials. Background Art

[0002] Construction waste typically includes concrete, bricks, wood, and plastic, with widely varying densities, posing a challenge to sorting technology. Traditional dry sorting methods, such as vibrating screens and airflow separation, may not be effective for materials of similar density, especially when contaminants are present on the waste surface. While wet sorting methods, such as hydrocyclones or flotation, can improve accuracy, existing equipment may be limited in dynamic adjustment and precise salvage, making it ineffective in handling materials of varying densities. This results in low recycling efficiency and wasted resources.

[0003] With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of the construction industry, the amount of construction waste generated has increased annually. Statistics show that demolition waste typically contains 30-60% recyclable aggregates such as concrete and masonry, as well as valuable components such as metals and wood. Traditional sorting technologies primarily utilize a combination of dry sorting (such as vibratory screening, magnetic separation, and airflow separation) and wet sorting. However, these technologies present significant limitations when handling heterogeneous materials with similar densities or those containing surface contaminants. Existing wet sorting equipment, particularly for complex waste materials such as lightweight plastics, wood, and heavy concrete fragments, often utilizes fixed hydrocyclones or static flotation cells. These devices struggle to dynamically adjust sorting parameters based on the material's real-time density distribution, resulting in insufficient sorting accuracy (typically less than 75%) and significant loss of fine particles (material with a particle size <5 mm suffers from a 15-30% loss rate). Furthermore, traditional equipment often suffers from poor positioning accuracy of the salvage device (±50 mm or greater) and an inability to accurately extract materials using density gradients, leading to low resource recovery rates and the risk of secondary pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop dynamic wet sorting equipment with intelligent identification and adaptive adjustment functions to improve the resource utilization rate of construction waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems raised in the background technology, the present invention provides a device for classifying and processing construction waste materials.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solution: a device for classifying and processing construction waste materials, comprising a wet selection tank and a sorting and conveying mechanism.

[0006] A partition is provided in the wet selection tank, which divides the wet selection tank into two independent wet selection areas. Magnetite suspension is stored in the wet selection area. The magnetite suspension is used to suspend waste materials of different densities at different depths in the wet selection area.

[0007] A waste salvaging mechanism is provided in the wet selection area, which is used to pick up wastes of different densities in the wet selection area and transport them to the corresponding sorting and conveying mechanisms.

[0008] The sorting and conveying mechanism is used to sort waste materials of different densities. There are two groups of sorting and conveying mechanisms distributed on both sides of the wet selection tank. The sorting and conveying mechanisms can convey waste materials in two directions.

[0009] Through the above design, the present invention can use magnetite suspension to suspend waste materials of different densities in different areas, then use a salvage mechanism to salvage the waste materials at different depths, and transfer the salvaged waste materials to a sorting and conveying mechanism and finally transport them to different locations for storage or participation in the next process.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above solution, the waste salvage mechanism includes two sets of salvage units symmetrically arranged in the wet selection area, the salvage units including a mounting frame, a mounting plate fixed to the bottom surface of the mounting frame, a rotary filter plate rotatably connected to the mounting plate, and a rotary drive module for driving the rotary filter plate to rotate;

[0011] The waste salvaging mechanism can facilitate the passage of materials, and when the two sets of salvaging units are in a horizontal position, the overall lifting can smoothly salvage the materials.

[0012] Two sets of lifting drive modules for driving the installation frame to rise and fall are also installed on the pool wall of the wet selection pool.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the lifting drive module includes a fixed base plate, a top plate connected to the fixed base plate, and a drive motor installed on the top plate. The output shaft of the drive motor is linked to a winding column through a reducer, and a pulling rope 2 is wound around the winding column. The end of the pulling rope 2 is connected to the mounting frame, and the pulling rope 2 in the two groups of lifting drive modules are respectively connected to the two ends of the mounting frame.

[0014] The lifting drive module can effectively drive the rotary filter plate and the corresponding installation frame to rise and fall, and by controlling the operation of the rotary drive modules on different sides, the rotary filter plate can be tilted, thereby facilitating the transfer of salvaged waste.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the rotary drive module includes a retractable wheel arranged in an installation frame, a waterproof motor that drives the retractable wheel to rotate, and a pulling rope wrapped around the retractable wheel, one end of which passes through the installation frame and is connected to the movable end of the rotating filter plate.

[0016] By rotating the drive module, the position of the rotating filter plate can be changed, making it easier for the two sets of salvage units to work together. When the two are in a horizontal pile, they can be salvaged as a whole. When the two are in an inclined state, the waste rises and falls freely in the wet selection tank, and eventually suspends at different depths due to density reasons, which is convenient for subsequent classification and salvage recovery.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a groove is provided in the middle of the rotating filter plate, in which a shaking plate is rotatably connected, and the side of the shaking plate close to the movable end of the rotating filter plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove, and a driving member connected to the movable end of the shaking plate is provided in the mounting frame, and the output end of the driving member is movably connected to the shaking plate.

[0018] The advantage of setting up a shaking plate is that it makes unloading more convenient.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above solution, a sandwich layer is provided on the top of the partition, in which several groups of density adjustment mechanisms are installed. The density adjustment mechanisms are used to adjust the density of the magnetite suspension in the two wet selection areas, so that the salvage mechanism can salvage waste materials of different densities at the same depth.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the density adjustment mechanism includes a liquid pump arranged in the interlayer, the liquid inlet and outlet ends of the liquid pump are connected to infusion tubes, the ends of the infusion tubes are immersed below the liquid surface of the magnetite suspension, and a filtering mechanism is installed at the end of the infusion tube, which is used to filter the magnetite powder.

[0021] The purpose of adjusting the suspension density is achieved by changing the amount of powder and water in the suspension. It is automated and easy to control.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the liquid pump is a centrifugal pump, and the liquid inlet and outlet ends can be interchanged by changing the rotation direction of the liquid pump motor. The middle part of the infusion tube is connected to a branch tube, and an electromagnetic valve is provided at the connection between the branch tube and the infusion tube.

[0023] The above solution can facilitate two-way adjustment, so that the density of the suspension in the two wet selection tanks is different, so as to facilitate more refined classification of materials by density.

[0024] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the filtering mechanism includes a filter cartridge, a connecting sleeve movably mounted on the outside of the filter cartridge, a cylindrical filter cloth installed in the filter cartridge, and an end cap detachable at the end of the filter cartridge. A through hole is opened on the end cap, the end cap and the filter cartridge are spirally connected and can press and fix the filter cloth, the connecting sleeve and the end of the infusion tube are spirally connected, and the top end face of the filter cartridge and the bottom end face of the infusion tube are in sealing contact.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the sorting and conveying mechanism includes a conveying frame, a plurality of conveying rollers installed on the conveying frame, and an annular conveying belt sleeved on the outside of the plurality of conveying rollers, and the conveying rollers are columnar structures with thick ends and thin middle.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The classification and processing equipment proposed in the present invention includes a wet separation tank and a separation and conveying mechanism. The wet separation tank is provided with two independent wet separation areas, each of which stores a magnetite suspension and includes a waste salvage mechanism. The waste salvage mechanism is used to scoop up waste of different densities in the wet separation area and convey it to the corresponding separation and conveying mechanism, which is used to separate waste of different densities.

[0028] Through the above-mentioned design, the present invention can utilize magnetite suspension to suspend waste materials of different densities in different areas, then utilize a salvage mechanism to salvage the waste materials at different depths, and transfer the salvaged waste materials to a sorting and conveying mechanism and finally transport them to different locations for storage or participation in the next process. It can accurately collect, classify and transfer the waste materials based on their density, and it works automatically, making it easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the classification processing device proposed in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the wet separation tank and its internal and external structures proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Top view of the structure;

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of point A;

[0033] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the salvage unit of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of two groups of salvage units in the wet selection area of ​​the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the two sets of salvage units when the rotating filter plate rotates until it is almost in contact with the inner wall of the wet selection tank;

[0037] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of two groups of salvage units after moving downward for a distance;

[0038] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the two groups of salvage units of the present invention when they are in horizontal positions in the wet selection area.

[0039] Description of main symbols:

[0040] In the figure: wet selection tank 1, partition 2, wet selection area 101, conveying roller 3, conveyor belt 4, sorting and conveying mechanism 5, mounting frame 6, pulling rope 1 7, rotating filter plate 8, retracting and releasing wheel 9, driving member 10, hinge seat 1 11, hinge seat 2 12, mounting plate 13, shaking plate 14, infusion tube 15, branch pipe 16, filtering mechanism 17, connecting sleeve 18, end cover 19, filter cloth 20, through hole 21, fixed bottom plate 22, top plate 23, driving motor 24, reducer 25, winding column 26, pulling rope 2 27, liquid pump 28, filter cartridge 29. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] Reference Figures 1-10 The proposed device for sorting and processing construction waste materials includes a wet sorting tank 1 and a sorting and conveying mechanism 5. Before sorting, the construction waste is first crushed by a crusher and then screened by a vibrating screen to remove excess soil and dust.

[0044] A partition 2 is provided in the wet separation tank 1, which divides the wet separation tank 1 into two independent wet separation areas 101. Magnetite suspension is stored in the wet separation area 101. The magnetite suspension is used to suspend waste materials of different densities at different depths in the wet separation area 101. The specific density of the magnetite suspension is 1.5-2.5g / cm 3 Therefore, it can adapt to the sorting of materials in a wider density range.

[0045] A waste salvaging mechanism is provided in the wet selection area 101 , and is used to salvage wastes of different densities in the wet selection area 101 and transport them to the corresponding sorting and transporting mechanisms 5 .

[0046] The sorting and conveying mechanism 5 is used to sort waste materials of different densities. Two groups of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 are provided and distributed on both sides of the wet selection tank 1. The sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can convey waste materials in two directions.

[0047] It is through the above design that magnetite suspension is used to suspend waste materials of different densities in different areas, and then the salvage mechanism is used to salvage the waste materials at different depths, and the salvaged waste materials are transferred to the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 and finally transported to different locations for storage or participation in the next process.

[0048] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the waste salvage mechanism includes two sets of salvage units symmetrically arranged in the wet selection area 101, and the salvage units include a mounting frame 6, a mounting plate 13 fixed to the bottom surface of the mounting frame 6, a rotary filter plate 8 rotatably connected to the mounting plate 13, and a rotary drive module for driving the rotary filter plate 8 to rotate;

[0049] Reference Figure 7-10 The waste salvaging mechanism is in different positions and states. By changing the position of the salvaging unit, waste at different depths can be salvaged. In specific control, the mounting block 6 can be raised and lowered while the rotating filter plate rotates synchronously. Alternatively, one of the two functions can be controlled separately to achieve different working effects, such as changing the position, salvaging waste at different depths, or salvaging the entire unit and transferring it to the sorting and conveying mechanism.

[0050] The waste salvaging mechanism can facilitate the passage of materials, and when the two sets of salvaging units are in a horizontal position, the overall lifting can smoothly salvage the materials.

[0051] Two sets of lifting drive modules for driving the installation frame 6 to move up and down are also installed on the pool wall of the wet selection pool 1.

[0052] In this solution, the lifting drive module includes a fixed base plate 22, a top plate 23 connected to the fixed base plate 22, and a drive motor 24 installed on the top plate 23. The output shaft of the drive motor 24 is linked to a winding column 26 through a reducer 25. A pulling rope 27 is wound around the winding column 26. The end of the pulling rope 27 is connected to the mounting frame 6, and the pulling ropes 27 in the two sets of lifting drive modules are respectively connected to the two ends of the mounting frame 6.

[0053] The above-mentioned lifting drive module can effectively drive the rotary filter plate and the corresponding installation frame to rise and fall, and by controlling the operation of the rotary drive modules on different sides, the rotary filter plate can be tilted toward the side of the sorting and conveying mechanism, thereby facilitating the transfer of the salvaged waste.

[0054] More specifically, the rotary drive module includes a retractable wheel 9 arranged in the mounting frame 6, a waterproof motor driving the retractable wheel 9 to rotate, and a pulling rope 7 wrapped around the retractable wheel 9, one end of the pulling rope 7 passes through the mounting frame 6 and is connected to the movable end of the rotating filter plate 8.

[0055] By rotating the drive module, the position of the rotating filter plate 8 can be changed, making it convenient for the two sets of salvage units to work together. When the two are in a horizontal pile, they can be salvaged as a whole. When the two are in an inclined state, the waste rises and falls freely in the wet selection tank, and eventually suspends at different depths due to density reasons, which is convenient for subsequent classification and salvage recovery.

[0056] In order to make it more practical and convenient, a groove is opened in the middle position of the rotating filter plate 8, and a shaking plate 14 is rotatably connected in the groove. The shaking plate 14 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove on one side close to the movable end of the rotating filter plate 8, and a driving member 10 connected to the movable end of the shaking plate 14 is provided in the mounting frame 6, and the output end of the driving member 10 is movably connected to the shaking plate 14.

[0057] The advantage of setting up the shaking plate 14 is that it is more convenient to unload. On the one hand, the shaking plate 14 is designed based on the obstruction effect of the pulling rope 7. When the shaking plate 14 is at the same inclination angle as the pulling rope 7, the pulling rope 7 will not play an obstructive role when dumping the waste. On the other hand, the use of a movable shaking plate can prevent the material from being stuck in the gap of the filter plate, making unloading more convenient and quick. At the same time, the shaking plate 14 can move in the suspension, play a certain mixing role, and prevent the powder from sinking, resulting in uneven density of the suspension.

[0058] In this solution, a layer is provided on top of the partition 2, within which are mounted several density adjustment mechanisms. These mechanisms are used to adjust the density of the magnetite suspension in the two wet separation zones 101, thereby enabling the salvage mechanism to salvage waste materials of varying densities at the same depth. This allows for real-time adjustments based on varying waste material conditions, further enhancing the device's applicability.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The density adjustment mechanism proposed in this solution includes a liquid pump 28 disposed in the interlayer. Both the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid pump 28 are connected to a liquid infusion tube 15. The distal end of the liquid infusion tube 15 is submerged below the liquid surface of the magnetite suspension. A filter mechanism 17 is mounted at the distal end of the liquid infusion tube 15 for filtering the magnetite powder. After the filtered magnetite powder is collected, it can be conveniently transferred centrally, and the powder can be transferred using magnetic separation.

[0060] This solution adjusts the density of the suspension by changing the amount of powder and water in the suspension, with automated operation and convenient control.

[0061] For greater convenience of use, the liquid pump 28 is a centrifugal pump. By changing the direction of rotation of the liquid pump motor, its liquid inlet and outlet ends can be interchanged. The middle of the infusion tube 15 is connected to a branch tube 16, and an electromagnetic valve is provided at the connection between the branch tube 16 and the infusion tube 15. The working mode of the liquid pump 28 can be adjusted through automatic control, so that the liquid pump changes the flow direction of the suspension in the two wet selection areas 101, and the two can be adjusted to each other.

[0062] In this embodiment, the above solution can facilitate bidirectional adjustment, so that there is a difference in the density of the suspension in the two wet selection tanks, so as to facilitate more refined classification of materials according to density.

[0063] Specifically, the filtering mechanism includes a filter cartridge 29, a connecting sleeve 18 movably mounted on the outside of the filter cartridge 29, a cylindrical filter cloth 20 installed in the filter cartridge 29, and an end cap 19 detachable from the end of the filter cartridge 29. A through hole 21 is provided on the end cap 19. The end cap 19 and the filter cartridge 29 are spirally connected and can press and fix the filter cloth 20. The connecting sleeve 18 and the end of the infusion tube 15 are spirally connected, and the top end face of the filter cartridge 29 and the bottom end face of the infusion tube 15 are in sealing contact.

[0064] In order to facilitate the transportation of waste, the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 includes a conveying frame, several conveying rollers 3 installed on the conveying frame, and an annular conveyor belt 4 mounted on the outside of the several conveying rollers 3, and the conveying rollers 3 are a columnar structure with thick ends and thin middle: the above design can make the waste concentrated in the middle of the conveyor belt to prevent the waste from falling, and at the same time, the conveying and transfer direction of the waste can be changed by changing the rotation direction of the conveying rollers 3.

[0065] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and replacements made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for sorting and processing construction waste materials, characterized in that: It includes a wet selection tank (1) and a sorting and conveying mechanism (5); A partition (2) is provided in the wet selection tank (1), and the partition (2) divides the wet selection tank (1) into two independent wet selection areas (101). Magnetite suspension is stored in the wet selection area (101), and the magnetite suspension is used to suspend waste materials of different densities at different depths in the wet selection area (101); A waste salvaging mechanism is provided in the wet selection area (101), and the waste salvaging mechanism is used to salvage waste of different densities in the wet selection area (101) and transport them to corresponding sorting and transporting mechanisms (5); The sorting and conveying mechanism (5) is used to sort waste materials of different densities. Two groups of the sorting and conveying mechanisms (5) are provided and distributed on both sides of the wet selection tank (1). The sorting and conveying mechanisms (5) can convey waste materials in two directions. The waste salvage mechanism comprises two groups of salvage units symmetrically arranged in the wet selection area (101), the salvage units comprising a mounting frame (6), a mounting plate (13) fixed to the bottom surface of the mounting frame (6), a rotary filter plate (8) rotatably connected to the mounting plate (13), and a rotary drive module for driving the rotary filter plate (8) to rotate; Two sets of lifting drive modules for driving the installation frame (6) to lift and lower are also installed on the wall of the wet selection tank (1); The rotary drive module comprises a retractable wheel (9) arranged in a mounting frame (6), a waterproof motor for driving the retractable wheel (9) to rotate, and a pulling rope (7) wound around the retractable wheel (9), one end of the pulling rope (7) passing through the mounting frame (6) and connected to the movable end of the rotary filter plate (8); A groove is provided in the middle of the rotating filter plate (8), and a shaking plate (14) is rotatably connected in the groove. The shaking plate (14) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove on one side close to the movable end of the rotating filter plate (8). A driving member (10) connected to the movable end of the shaking plate (14) is provided in the mounting frame (6), and an output end of the driving member (10) is movably connected to the shaking plate (14).

2. The device for classifying and processing construction waste materials according to claim 1, wherein: The lifting drive module includes a fixed base plate (22), a top plate (23) connected to the fixed base plate (22), and a driving motor (24) installed on the top plate (23). The output shaft of the driving motor (24) is linked to a winding column (26) through a reducer (25). A pulling rope (27) is wound around the winding column (26). The end of the pulling rope (27) is connected to the installation frame (6), and the pulling ropes (27) in the two sets of lifting drive modules are respectively connected to the two ends of the installation frame (6).

3. The device for classifying and processing construction waste materials according to claim 1, wherein: A sandwich layer is provided on the top of the partition (2), and a plurality of density adjustment mechanisms are installed in the sandwich layer. The density adjustment mechanisms are used to adjust the density of the magnetite suspension in the two wet selection areas (101), thereby enabling the salvage mechanism to salvage waste materials of different densities at the same depth.

4. The device for classifying and processing construction waste materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The density adjustment mechanism comprises a liquid pump (28) arranged in the interlayer, wherein the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the liquid pump (28) are both connected to a liquid infusion tube (15), the end of the liquid infusion tube (15) is immersed below the liquid surface of the magnetite suspension, and a filtering mechanism (17) is installed at the end of the liquid infusion tube (15), and the filtering mechanism (17) is used to filter the magnetite powder.

5. The device for classifying and processing construction waste materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid pump (28) is a centrifugal pump, and its liquid inlet and outlet can be interchanged by changing the rotation direction of the liquid pump motor. The middle of the liquid infusion tube (15) is connected to a branch tube (16), and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the branch tube (16) and the liquid infusion tube (15).

6. The device for classifying and processing construction waste materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism comprises a filter cartridge (29), a connecting sleeve (18) movably sleeved on the outside of the filter cartridge (29), a cylindrical filter cloth (20) installed in the filter cartridge (29), and an end cap (19) detachable from the end of the filter cartridge (29), wherein the end cap (19) is provided with a through hole (21), the end cap (19) and the filter cartridge (29) are spirally connected and can press and fix the filter cloth (20), the connecting sleeve (18) and the end of the infusion tube (15) are spirally connected, and the top end surface of the filter cartridge (29) and the bottom end surface of the infusion tube (15) are in sealing contact.

7. The device for classifying and processing construction waste materials according to claim 1, wherein: The sorting and conveying mechanism (5) comprises a conveying frame, a plurality of conveying rollers (3) mounted on the conveying frame, and an annular conveying belt (4) sleeved on the outside of the plurality of conveying rollers (3), wherein the conveying rollers (3) are columnar structures with thick ends and a thin middle.

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