Narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, a preparation method and an application. The preparation method includes the following steps: roughening the bonding surface of the plastic processing material, forming solid-phase particles on the bonding surface of the plastic processing material by spray drying, the solid-phase particles containing a metal with a melting point not higher than 650 °C, preparing liquid aluminum, continuously casting the liquid aluminum on the bonding surface of the strip by a casting and rolling process, and moving the solid-phase particles and the liquid aluminum with the plastic processing material to pass through the rolling rolls and performing post-treatment to form a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material. The roughness of the bonding surface is 1-5 μm, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles is 1-5 μm. The above solution avoids the influence on the fluidity of the liquid aluminum by directly introducing solid-phase particles into the liquid aluminum, can reduce shrinkage cavities and porosity in the aluminum layer of the composite material, and can form a mechanical interlocking structure with the liquid aluminum and the bonding surface of the strip during the casting and rolling process, improving the interfacial bonding effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of preparation of metal composite materials, and particularly to a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The solid-liquid composite metal material specifically refers to a method of realizing the composite of a solid-phase metal and a liquid-phase metal on a rolling mill through a liquid-solid phase composite method (also known as the casting and rolling method). This method combines the casting method and the rolling method, having both the diffusion ability at high temperature of the liquid phase and the pressure of rolling, and can achieve a relatively high composite strength. At the same time, it is suitable for continuous production, with the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost. However, there are still some problems in this process, which make it difficult to be widely promoted and applied. When using different types of liquid-phase metals and solid-phase metals, if the compatibility between the two is poor, the interfacial bonding strength of the formed solid-liquid composite metal material is too poor, resulting in the mechanical properties of the composite metal material not meeting the requirements. By adding solid-phase particles in the liquid phase, the solid-phase particles distributed at the solid-liquid interface during the casting and rolling process can form a mechanical locking structure, thereby improving the interfacial bonding strength. However, this method will also cause other problems, such as increasing the viscosity of the liquid-phase metal and affecting its fluidity, the solid-phase particles will form intermetallic compounds with the liquid-phase metal, and the melting point of the solid-phase particles needs to be higher than the temperature of the liquid-phase metal.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, a preparation method and an application thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, a preparation method and an application thereof.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, comprising the following steps: roughening the bonding surface of a plastic working material, forming solid-phase particles on the bonding surface of the plastic working material by spray drying, the solid-phase particles comprising a metal with a melting point not higher than 650 °C, preparing liquid aluminum, continuously casting the liquid aluminum on the bonding surface of a strip by a casting and rolling process, the solid-phase particles and the liquid aluminum moving with the plastic working material to pass through a rolling mill and performing post-treatment to form the narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material, the roughness of the bonding surface being 1 - 5 μm, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles being 1 - 5 μm.

[0006] In the above solution, solid-phase particles are formed on the bonding surface of the strip by spray drying and embedded in the pores formed by roughening the bonding surface, avoiding the influence of directly introducing solid-phase particles into liquid aluminum on the fluidity of liquid aluminum, reducing shrinkage cavities and porosity in the aluminum layer of the composite material. At the same time, during the casting and rolling process, the particles can undergo plastic deformation with liquid aluminum and the bonding surface of the strip to form a mechanical interlocking structure, improving the interfacial bonding effect; the solid-phase particles contain metals with a melting point lower than 650 °C, and the solid-phase particles soften or partially dissolve during the casting and rolling process, thus promoting atomic diffusion at the solid-liquid interface and further achieving a closer metallurgical bond; compared with the method of directly adding solid-phase particles to liquid aluminum, on the one hand, it can prevent the solid-phase particles from being oxidized at high temperature for a long time to cause oxide inclusions, and on the other hand, it can reduce the reaction between the solid-phase particles and liquid aluminum to form intermetallic compounds. At the same time, the solid-phase particles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the strip by spray drying, solving the problem of uneven distribution of solid-phase particles and further improving the mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0007] Furthermore, the solid-phase particles contain aluminum and at least one of copper, nickel, iron, and titanium. The combination of multiple elements can form a more complex reinforcing phase to improve the interfacial bonding effect.

[0008] Furthermore, the solid-phase particles contain at least one metal component of the plastic working material and aluminum. Using the above combination can improve the compatibility of the solid-phase particles with liquid aluminum and the strip, thereby promoting interfacial atomic diffusion to improve the interfacial bonding effect.

[0009] Furthermore, the roughness of the bonding surface is 1 μm, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles is 1 μm.

[0010] Furthermore, when preparing the liquid aluminum, an aluminum-titanium-boron wire with a mass fraction of 0.1-0.3% is added as a grain refiner. The grain refiner can promote crystal refinement, reduce casting defects such as shrinkage cavities and porosity, improve the density and mechanical properties of the aluminum layer, and elements such as titanium and boron can inhibit the generation of harmful phases and further promote the interfacial bonding effect.

[0011] Furthermore, the speed of the continuous casting is 500 mm / min - 2000 mm / min. High-speed continuous casting can improve production efficiency, and at the same time, it is necessary to avoid uneven solidification of liquid aluminum caused by too low continuous casting rate, which affects the interfacial bonding effect.

[0012] Furthermore, the post-treatment includes an annealing step, and the parameters of the annealing step are: 150-300 °C, 0.5-12 h. The annealing step can eliminate the stress generated during the casting and rolling process, promote interfacial atomic diffusion and metallurgical bonding.

[0013] Further, the plastic processing material contains at least one element among copper, aluminum, steel, nickel, and titanium. Depending on different usage scenarios, it can be replaced with other combinations of elements.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, which is prepared by using the above preparation method. The thickness of the narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material is 2 - 12 mm, and the width ≤ 200 mm. Generally, a composite material with a width ≤ 200 mm is called a narrow-width material.

[0015] The composite material obtained by using the above preparation method has better interfacial bonding strength and thermal conductivity.

[0016] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the above narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material, which is applied to the fields of new energy, electronic information, intelligent devices, aerospace, medical and health, or military industry.

[0017] Specifically, the new energy field includes new energy vehicles, batteries, electrochemical energy storage systems, photovoltaic power generation equipment, and wind energy equipment. More specifically, such as battery poles, battery casings, battery covers, heat dissipation plates, copper-aluminum bars, and power drainage pipes, etc.; the electronic information field includes 3C electronics, semiconductor components and production equipment, and communication systems; the intelligent device field includes robots, intelligent transportation tools, and computer systems; the aerospace field includes unmanned aerial vehicles, helicopters, and satellite systems; the medical and health field includes medical devices and instruments.

[0018] It can be understood that applying the above composite material to the above fields can meet the requirements of these fields for high strength, corrosion resistance, and high thermal conductivity. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is the metallographic diagram of the composite material of Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 It is the metallographic diagram of the composite material of Comparative Example 1. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] For the convenience of understanding the present application, the present application will be described more comprehensively below. The present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure content of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0022] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "several" is at least one, such as one, two, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the description of this application herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0024] In the present application, among the technical features described in an open-ended manner, it includes a closed technical solution composed of the listed features, and also includes an open technical solution containing the listed features.

[0025] In the present application, regarding numerical ranges, unless otherwise specified, the above numerical ranges are considered continuous and include the minimum and maximum values of the range, as well as each value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when the range refers to integers, it includes each integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, the ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein.

[0026] In the present application, regarding the percentage content involved, unless otherwise specified, for solid-liquid mixtures and solid-solid mixtures, it refers to the mass percentage, and for liquid-liquid mixtures, it refers to the volume percentage.

[0027] In the present application, regarding the percentage concentration involved, unless otherwise specified, it refers to the final concentration. The final concentration refers to the proportion of the added component in the system after adding the component.

[0028] In the present application, for the temperature parameters, unless otherwise specifically limited, it allows both constant temperature treatment and treatment within a certain temperature range. The constant temperature treatment allows the temperature to fluctuate within the accuracy range controlled by the instrument.

[0029] The "particles" mentioned in the present application, or substances with a defined particle size distribution, do not necessarily have a spherical shape and may also be irregular, and can be primary particles or secondary particles. The particle size of irregular particles is calculated as the average of the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter.

[0030] Example 1: A preparation method of a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum.

[0031] Aluminum liquid formula: By mass fraction, it contains 1.2% magnesium, 0.6% silicon, 0.2% copper, 0.15% manganese, 0.2 zinc, 0.05% chromium, and 0.5% iron.

[0032] Solid-phase particle composition: By mass fraction, it contains 10% copper and 90% aluminum.

[0033] S1: Melting: Heat the aluminum ingot to 700 - 750 °C for melting;

[0034] S2: Degassing and slag removal: Add 0.3% (mass fraction) of a refining agent (HGJ-2 type sodium-free refining agent), blow in argon, and stir for degassing and slag removal;

[0035] S3: Add different metal elements according to the aluminum liquid formula;

[0036] S4: Standing: Keep the aluminum liquid at 700 °C for 10 min (in some embodiments, the temperature can be selected between 700 - 750 °C, and the time can be selected between 10 - 30 min);

[0037] S5: Grain refinement: Add 0.3% (mass fraction) of aluminum-titanium-boron wire to the aluminum liquid for grain refinement;

[0038] S6: Copper strip pretreatment: Mechanically roughen the bonding surface (the side that is composite with the aluminum liquid) of the copper strip to make its surface roughness 3 μm, and form solid-phase particles with an average particle size of 5 μm on the bonding surface by spray drying method, and the spraying density is 0.1 g / mm 3 ;

[0039] S7: Cast-rolling composite: Cast the aluminum liquid at 670 °C onto the copper strip (25 °C) through the casting system, crystallize and composite at the cast-rolling roll, the continuous casting speed is 2000 mm / min, the composite width is 100 mm (in other embodiments, it can be selected between 10 - 200 mm according to needs), the composite thickness is 10 mm (in other embodiments, it can be selected between 2 - 12 mm according to needs), the rolling pressure is 800000 N (in other embodiments, it can be selected between 50000 N - 1000000 N according to needs), the roll temperature is 150 °C (in other embodiments, it can be selected between 150 - 300 °C according to needs), the rolling tension is 5000 N (in other embodiments, it can be selected between 5000 - 10000 N according to needs), and the roll uses water-cooling cooling method;

[0040] S8: Initial cutting: Cut off the excess aluminum on both sides (it can be melted back into the furnace after cleaning and drying);

[0041] S9: Finish rolling: Finish rolling to obtain a composite material with a thickness of 5 mm, and the finish rolling temperature is 200 °C;

[0042] S10: Precision cutting: Cut off the overflow materials on both sides of the finish rolling for recycling;

[0043] S11 Annealing: The annealing temperature is 150 °C, and the holding time is 12 hours;

[0044] S12: Grinding: Grind to remove the oxide scale on the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material, and finally obtain a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material.

[0045] Example 2: This example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the roughness of the bonding surface of the strip is 1 μm, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles is 1 μm.

[0046] Example 3: This example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the addition amount of Al-Ti-B wire is 0.1%, the thickness of the composite material during casting and rolling is 12 mm, and the thickness of the composite material after finish rolling is 6 mm.

[0047] Example 4: This example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the parameters of the annealing step are 300 °C and 0.5 h.

[0048] Example 5: This example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the strip is changed to a nickel strip, and the composition of the solid-phase particles is an aluminum-nickel mixture (by mass fraction, the ratio of aluminum to nickel is 9 / 1).

[0049] Example 6: This example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the spraying density of the solid-phase particles is 0.3 g / mm 3 .

[0050] Example 7: This example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the solid-phase particles is pure aluminum.

[0051] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that in step S6, solid-phase particles are not formed on the bonding surface by spray drying.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that in step S5, solid-phase particles with a mass fraction of 3% are additionally added, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles is 5 μm. In step S6, solid-phase particles are not formed on the bonding surface by spray drying, that is: S5: Grain refinement: Add 0.3% (mass fraction) of Al-Ti-B wire to the aluminum liquid for grain refinement, and at the same time add solid-phase particles with a mass fraction of 3%, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles is 5 μm; S6: Copper strip pretreatment: The bonding surface (the side in contact with the aluminum liquid) of the copper strip is subjected to mechanical texturing treatment to make the surface roughness 3 μm.

[0053] Comparative Example 3: This comparative example provides a method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum. The difference from Example 1 is that the roughness of the bonding surface of the strip is 0.5 μm, and the average particle size of the solid-phase particles is 5 μm.

[0054] The interfacial bonding force and thermal conductivity of the heat dissipation plates of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were detected. Test method: Interfacial bonding force (tested by the peeling method in GJB 446-1988, and the peeling strength is the interfacial bonding force of this example), thermal conductivity of the copper-aluminum composite metal plate (determined by ISO8301 AMD 1-2010 for the thermal conductivity of the copper-aluminum composite metal plate). The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0055] Table 1: Test results of the interfacial bonding force and thermal conductivity of examples and comparative examples.

[0056]

[0057] According to the data in Table 1, the interfacial bonding force and thermal conductivity of Examples 1-4 and Example 6 are better than those of Comparative Examples 1-3. This is because the above-mentioned solution forms solid-phase particles on the bonding surface of the strip through spray drying, avoiding the influence of directly introducing solid-phase particles into liquid aluminum on the fluidity of liquid aluminum, reducing shrinkage cavities and porosity in the aluminum layer of the composite material, and forming a mechanical interlocking structure with liquid aluminum and the bonding surface of the strip during the casting and rolling process, improving the interfacial bonding effect; the melting point of the solid-phase particles is lower than that of liquid aluminum, and the solid-phase particles soften or dissolve during the casting and rolling process, thus promoting atomic diffusion at the solid-liquid interface and further achieving a closer metallurgical bond; compared with the method of directly adding solid-phase particles to liquid aluminum, on the one hand, it can prevent the oxidation of solid-phase particles at high temperature for a long time, resulting in oxide inclusions, on the other hand, it can reduce the reaction between solid-phase particles and liquid aluminum to form intermetallic compounds, and on the other hand, the solid-phase particles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the strip through spray drying, solving the problem of uneven distribution of solid-phase particles and further improving the mechanical properties of the composite material. Comparative Example 1 lacks the mechanical interlocking and atomic diffusion promoting effects of solid-phase particles, resulting in a decrease in interfacial bonding force. As Figure 1-2 shown, Comparative Example 1 has more interfacial defects, resulting in a decrease in thermal conductivity, while the interface of Example 1 is tightly bonded, with better thermal conductivity and interfacial bonding strength. In Comparative Example 2, solid-phase particles are added during the preparation of molten aluminum. The aluminum of the solid-phase particles melts into the molten aluminum. In fact, the solid-phase particles are equivalent to copper particles. Some copper particles deposit at the bottom, having a certain mechanical interlocking effect. However, it cannot achieve the effect of promoting atomic diffusion, and it will affect the fluidity of the molten aluminum, generating more interfacial defects and resulting in a decrease in thermal conductivity. The particle size of the solid-phase particles in Comparative Example 3 is much larger than the roughness of the bonding surface. The solid-phase particles are difficult to embed in the bonding surface, and the solid-phase particles cannot be evenly distributed, so it is difficult to play its physical interlocking role and will deteriorate the quality of the solid-liquid interface.

[0058] Example 2 uses the preferred roughness and average particle size, which can achieve a better physical interlocking effect and form a denser bonding layer, thus having a higher interfacial bonding force and thermal conductivity. Example 5 uses a nickel strip and can also obtain better thermal conductivity and interfacial bonding strength, indicating that the present solution can be applied to other strips.

[0059] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0060] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: roughening the bonding surface of the plastic processing material, forming solid phase particles on the bonding surface by spray drying, wherein the solid phase particles contain a metal with a melting point not higher than 650°C, preparing the liquid aluminum, and continuously casting the liquid aluminum on the bonding surface by a casting and rolling process, wherein the solid phase particles and the liquid aluminum move with the plastic processing material to pass through a roller and are post-processed to form the narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material, wherein the roughness of the bonding surface of the plastic processing material is 1-5 μm, the average particle size of the solid phase particles is 1-5 μm, and the solid phase particles contain aluminum and at least one of copper, nickel, iron and titanium.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastically processed material comprises at least one of a profile, a plate or a strip.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roughness of the bonding surface is 1 μm, and the average particle size of the solid phase particles is 1 μm.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing the liquid aluminum, 0.1-0.3% by mass of aluminum titanium boron wire is added as a refining agent.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-treatment comprises an annealing step, and the parameters of the annealing step are: 150-300° C., 0.5-12 h.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic working material contains at least one element of copper, aluminum, nickel and titanium.

7. A narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material based on liquid aluminum, characterized in that: The narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the thickness of the narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material is 2-12 mm, and the width is ≤200 mm.

8. An application of the narrow width double-layer solid-liquid composite material as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The narrow-width double-layer solid-liquid composite material is applied to the fields of new energy, electronic information, intelligent equipment, aerospace, medical health or military industry.

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