Welding method for butt joint of cylinder barrel and flange
Through the multi-layer and multi-channel continuous welding method, the pores and defects of the cylinder barrel and flange in traditional welding are solved, and the strength and sealing performance of the weld are improved, which is suitable for low-temperature environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510055781.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
In the welding of traditional hydraulic cylinder cylinder cylinders and flanges, poor defects such as pores and obvious traces of more than 0.5-1.mm often appear, resulting in reduced weld strength and sealing performance, and even the welded parts are scrapped.
A multi-layer and multi-channel continuous welding method is adopted, including base layer welding, fill layer welding and cover layer welding. Through the arc welding process and appropriate welding parameters control, the integrity and quality of the weld seam are ensured.
It effectively avoids pores and adverse defects in the weld area, improves the strength and sealing performance of the weld, especially in low-temperature environments, and has high impact toughness value.
Smart Images
Figure CN119794515A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding production and manufacturing of a cylinder barrel and a flange, and in particular to a welding method for butting a cylinder barrel and a flange. Background Art
[0002] When the traditional solid welding wire process is used to butt the cylinder barrel and flange of a conventional hydraulic cylinder, when the weld area between the cylinder barrel and the flange is inspected after deep hole boring by machining, single or multiple aggregated pores larger than 0.5-1.mm and obvious traces often occur. These defects are difficult to repair by repair welding, thereby reducing the strength and sealing performance of the weld; and even causing the flange and cylinder barrel welded parts to be scrapped. In view of this, it is of great significance to develop and design a welding method for butt welding between the cylinder barrel and the flange to improve the strength and sealing performance of the weld between the cylinder barrel and the flange. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for butt welding a cylinder barrel and a flange, which has good weld strength and sealing performance between the cylinder barrel and the flange and high impact toughness value in a low temperature environment.
[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange, comprising a welding process, wherein the welding process sequentially comprises the following steps: Base layer welding: a layer of annular base layer weld is welded at the bottom of the welding groove between the cylinder barrel and the flange; Filling layer welding uses swing arc welding technology to weld several layers of annular filling layer welds from the bottom to the outside in the welding groove; The cover layer welding adopts the swing arc welding process, and a layer of annular cover layer weld is welded at the notch position of the welding groove. The base layer weld, each filling layer weld and the cover layer weld completely fill the welding groove. The cylinder and flange welds of the cylinder and flange butt welding method of this scheme have multi-layer and multi-pass continuous welding and do not need to stop to remove welding slag, which maximizes the forming effect and welding quality of the weld and avoids defects such as weld slag inclusion and unfused welds; thus effectively solving the problem of pores larger than 0.5-1.mm in the weld area, which reduces the strength and sealing performance of the weld; therefore, the weld strength and sealing are good, and the impact toughness value is high in low temperature environment.
[0005] Preferably, in the filling layer welding step, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing in the welding groove, and the end of the welding wire points to a position 0.5-1mm away from the edge of the weld groove. The distance between the end of the welding wire and the edge of the weld groove in the swing arc welding process has an important influence on the welding quality. If the distance is too small, undercutting may occur, affecting the quality of the inside and surface of the weld; if the distance is too large, it may cause the welding pool and the edge of the groove to fail to fully fuse, resulting in defects such as incomplete penetration or non-fusion. Therefore, in the swing arc welding process of the filling layer welding step of the present scheme, by controlling the swing amplitude of the welding wire, the end of the welding wire points to a position 0.5-1mm away from the edge of the weld groove. In this way, the undercutting phenomenon caused by too small a distance can be avoided; and defects such as incomplete penetration or non-fusion caused by too large a distance can be avoided, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the filling layer weld.
[0006] Preferably, in the step of welding the cover layer, in the swing arc welding process, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing outside the welding groove, and the end of the welding wire points to a position 0.5-1.5mm beyond the edge of the weld groove. In the step of welding the cover layer, since the welding wire is located outside the welding groove and swings, the end of the welding wire can exceed the edge of the weld groove during the swinging process of the welding wire. In the swing arc welding process of the cover layer welding step of the present scheme, by controlling the swing amplitude of the welding wire, the end of the welding wire points to a position 0.5-1.5mm beyond the edge of the weld groove, so that the cover layer weld can be ensured to be welded through and fused with the cylinder barrel and the flange, thereby improving the quality of the cover layer weld.
[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the specific steps of the base layer welding are as follows: The welding gun moves to the welding arc starting point, at which point the distance between the welding gun nozzle and the outer wall of the cylinder is 1.5-2.5mm; The welding gun remains in place, and the cylinder barrel and the flange rotate 361-368 degrees, so that a layer of annular base weld is welded at the bottom of the welding groove between the cylinder barrel and the flange. In the base welding step of this scheme, the distance between the welding gun nozzle and the outer wall of the cylinder barrel is 1.5-2.5mm, so that the notch of the welding groove can be shielded by the welding gun nozzle, the gas protection environment is improved, and the quality of the base weld is improved. On the other hand, the cylinder barrel and the flange rotate 361-368 degrees, which can ensure that the base weld is connected from head to tail.
[0008] Preferably, the specific steps of welding the filling layer are as follows: First, lift the welding gun up from the welding arc starting point to set the distance Lmm; Second, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing in the welding groove at a set frequency and amplitude; the cylinder and the flange rotate 360 degrees, thereby welding a ring-shaped filler layer weld in the welding groove; then, the welding gun is raised up by a set distance Lmm; Third, return to step 2 until the welding of each filler layer weld is completed.
[0009] Preferably, the specific steps of welding the cover layer are as follows: After completing the filling layer welding, raise the welding gun upward by a set distance of L1mm so that the end of the welding wire is located outside the welding groove; Then, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing at the set frequency and amplitude outside the welding groove; the cylinder barrel and the flange rotate 361-368 degrees, so as to weld a layer of annular cover layer weld at the notch position of the welding groove. The cylinder barrel and the flange rotate 361-368 degrees to ensure that the end of the cover layer weld is connected.
[0010] Preferably, the process parameters of the base layer welding are as follows: welding current 310-320A, voltage 28.7-29.6V, welding speed 0.52-0.58m / min, weld penetration ≥1.5mm; The process parameters of the filling layer welding are as follows: welding current 280-290A, voltage 29-30V, welding speed 0.42-0.55m / min; The process parameters for cover layer welding are as follows: welding current is 255-265A, voltage is 30-31V, and welding speed is 0.32-0.35m / min.
[0011] As a preference, a preheating process is also included, in which the cylinder barrel and flange are preheated at a temperature of 300±20°C; then, the welding process is performed. Preheating before welding can reduce the welding stress of the base layer and slow down the cooling rate after welding, effectively reducing the generation of cracks, thereby further improving the quality of the base layer weld.
[0012] As a preferred method, the welding process uses metal powder welding wire. The use of metal powder welding wire not only improves the deposition efficiency, but also, compared with the traditional solid welding wire, the metal powder welding wire does not need to stop to remove the welding slag, which can effectively increase the welding speed and improve the welding quality, thereby improving the welding production efficiency and welding quality of the cylinder barrel and the flange.
[0013] Preferably, in the welding process, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 380±20℃, the thickness of the base weld is less than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the filler weld is less than or equal to 3mm. In this way, when the latter weld is welded, it is equivalent to helping the former weld to temper and eliminate stress, and it also preheats the next weld. In this way, on the one hand, the quality of the former weld can be improved, and on the other hand, the unfused phenomenon of the side wall of the weld groove can be prevented, further improving the weld quality.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the cylinder and flange welds using the welding method of the present invention have multi-layer and multi-pass continuous welding without the need to stop to remove welding slag, thereby maximizing the weld forming effect and welding quality, avoiding defects such as weld slag inclusion and unfused slag, so that the weld strength and sealing are good, and the impact toughness value is high in a low temperature environment, and can effectively solve the defects in the prior art that the weld area has pores greater than 0.5-1.mm, and has obvious traces, which are difficult to repair by repair welding, thereby reducing the weld strength and sealing performance; and may even cause the flange and cylinder barrel welded parts to be scrapped. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a cylinder barrel and a flange after being welded in a welding method for butt welding of a cylinder barrel and a flange provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a local cross-sectional structure during a base layer welding process in a welding method for butt welding a cylinder barrel and a flange provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a local cross-sectional structure during a filling layer welding process in a welding method for butt welding a cylinder barrel and a flange provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a local cross-sectional structure during a cover layer welding process in a welding method for butt welding a cylinder barrel and a flange provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a welding tool and a welding manipulator in a welding method for butt welding a cylinder barrel and a flange provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] In the figure: Cylinder barrel 1, annular flange 1.1; Flange 2, annular groove 2.1; Welding groove 3, chamfer 3.1; Base weld 4; Filling layer weld 5; Cover layer weld 6; Welding robot 7; Welding gun 8; Welding wire 9; Welding tool 10, multi-jaw chuck 10.1, tightening tail cone 10.2, bracket 10.3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Specific embodiment 1, as Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange, comprising a welding process. The welding process comprises the following steps in sequence: Base layer welding: a layer of annular base layer weld 4 is welded at the bottom of the welding groove 3 between the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2.
[0022] The filling layer welding adopts the swing arc welding process to weld several layers of annular filling layer welds 5 from the bottom to the outside in the welding groove 3.
[0023] The cover layer is welded by swing arc welding process, and a layer of annular cover layer weld 6 is welded at the notch position of the welding groove 3, and the base layer weld 4, each filling layer weld 5 and the cover layer weld 6 completely fill the welding groove 3. The welds of the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 of the welding method for butting the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 of this embodiment have multi-layer and multi-pass continuous welding without stopping to remove welding slag, which maximizes the forming effect and welding quality of the weld and avoids defects such as weld slag inclusion and unfused; thereby effectively solving the problem that there are pores larger than 0.5-1.mm in the weld area, which reduces the strength and sealing performance of the weld; therefore, the weld strength and sealing are good, and the impact toughness value is high in a low temperature environment.
[0024] Specific embodiment 2, as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a welding method for butting a cylinder barrel and a flange includes a cleaning process, a teaming process, a preheating process before welding and a welding process in sequence.
[0025] The specific steps of the cleaning process include grinding the oxide scale and cleaning the weld groove. Specifically, the oxide scale on the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 within 25-40 mm from the weld groove reveals a metallic luster; then, the inner and outer surfaces of the welding cylinder 1 and the flange 2 are cleaned, and the rust, grease, and other surface contamination in the area of the parts to be welded are cleaned; then the area to be welded is wiped and cleaned, so that the welding surface is clean and free of water marks, and factors that are not conducive to welding are eliminated.
[0026] Team building process, such as Figure 5 As shown, the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 are mounted on the welding fixture 10 to complete the teaming (i.e., assembly) of the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2. After the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 are teamed, the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 can rotate synchronously, and a welding groove 3 is formed between the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2. In this embodiment, the rotation axis of the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 after the teaming is completed is horizontally distributed.
[0027] Of course, it should be noted that the horizontal distribution of the rotation axis after the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 are teamed is only a preferred method in this embodiment. In the actual processing process, the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 can also be vertically distributed or inclined after they are teamed.
[0028] In the preheating process before welding, the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 are preheated at a preheating temperature of 300±20°C. Then the welding process is carried out. In this embodiment, the preheating method adopts flame heating, the temperature is controlled at 300±20°C, and the preheating range is within 100mm around the groove. Preheating before welding can reduce the welding stress of the base layer and slow down the cooling rate after welding to effectively reduce the generation of cracks, thereby improving the quality of the base layer weld 4 in the subsequent base layer welding step. Of course, it should be noted that preheating by flame heating is only a preferred solution of this embodiment. In actual processing, other heating methods in the prior art can also be used for preheating.
[0029] The welding process includes a base layer welding step, a filling layer welding step and a cover layer welding step in sequence.
[0030] Base layer welding: a circular base layer weld 4 is welded at the bottom of the welding groove 3 between the cylinder 1 and the flange 2. The specific steps of base layer welding are as follows: like Figure 2 As shown, the welding gun 8 moves to the welding arc starting point, and the distance between the nozzle of the welding gun 8 and the outer wall of the cylinder 1 is 1.5-2.5mm. The nozzle of the welding gun 8 faces downward, and the welding wire 9 extending from the nozzle of the welding gun 8 is in a vertical state and is located above the welding groove 3 (of course, it should be noted that the welding wire 9 extending from the nozzle of the welding gun 8 is in a vertical state and is located above the welding groove 3 is only a preferred method in this embodiment. In the actual processing process, the state of the welding wire 9 extending from the nozzle of the welding gun 8 can also be set to an inclined state or a horizontal state as needed). The position of the welding gun 8 remains unchanged (the welding gun 8 does not swing during the base layer welding), and the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 rotate 361-368 degrees (for example, the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 rotate 365 degrees), so that a layer of annular base layer weld 4 is welded at the bottom of the welding groove 3 between the cylinder 1 and the flange 2. In this embodiment, the thickness of the base layer weld 4 is less than or equal to 3mm.
[0031] In the base layer welding step, the distance between the nozzle of the welding gun 8 and the outer wall of the cylinder barrel 1 is 1.5-2.5 mm. In this embodiment, in the base layer welding step, the distance between the nozzle of the welding gun 8 and the outer wall of the cylinder barrel 1 is 2 mm. In this way, the notch of the welding groove 3 can be shielded by the nozzle of the welding gun 8, the gas protection environment is improved, and it is beneficial to improve the quality of the base layer weld 4. On the other hand, the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 are rotated 361-368 degrees, which can ensure that the end of the base layer weld 4 is connected.
[0032] The filling layer welding adopts the swing arc welding process to weld several layers of annular filling layer welds 5 from the bottom to the outside in the welding groove 3. In this embodiment, the thickness of each layer of filling layer weld 5 is less than or equal to 3mm. Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps of filling layer welding are as follows: First, the welding gun 8 is raised by a set distance Lmm from the welding arc starting point.
[0033] Second, the welding gun 8 drives the welding wire 9 to swing in the welding groove 3 at a set frequency and amplitude; the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 rotate 360 degrees, thereby welding a ring-shaped filling layer weld 5 in the welding groove 3; then, the welding gun 8 is raised up by a set distance Lmm. In this embodiment, the set distance L is 3mm.
[0034] Third, return to the second step until the welding of each filling layer weld 5 is completed. The filling layer weld 5 generally includes 3-6 layers from the inside to the outside. In this embodiment, the filling layer weld 5 includes four layers from the inside to the outside.
[0035] The cover layer welding adopts the swing arc welding process, and a ring-shaped cover layer weld 6 is welded at the notch position of the welding groove 3. The base layer weld 4, each filling layer weld 5 and the cover layer weld 6 completely fill the welding groove 3. Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps of cover layer welding are as follows: After the filling layer welding is completed, the welding gun 8 is raised by a set distance L1mm, so that the end of the welding wire 9 is located outside the welding groove 3. In this embodiment, after the welding gun 8 is raised by a set distance L1mm, the distance between the nozzle of the welding gun 8 and the outer wall of the cylinder 1 is 16-18mm.
[0036] Next, the welding gun 8 drives the welding wire 9 to swing at a set frequency and amplitude outside the welding groove 3; the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 rotate 361-368 degrees (for example, the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 rotate 365 degrees), so as to weld a layer of annular cover layer weld 6 at the notch position of the welding groove 3. The cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 rotate 361-368 degrees, which can ensure that the cover layer weld 6 is connected end to end.
[0037] After the welding process is completed, the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 are cleaned of oxides and spatters; the arc ending point is ground to remove excess weld height and eliminate the unevenness of the arc ending pit.
[0038] The welds of the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 of the welding method for butting the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 of this embodiment have multi-layer and multi-pass continuous welding without stopping to remove the welding slag, which maximizes the forming effect and welding quality of the weld and avoids defects such as slag inclusion and unfused welds; thus, the weld strength and sealing are good, and the impact toughness value is high in a low temperature environment. It avoids the traditional welding process method that after boring the cylinder barrel 1, there are pores, spots, pinholes in the weld area, and there is a noticeable bumpy feeling in the weld area when the hand touches it, which often causes rework and repair welding, and the rework and repair welding is difficult and usually does not meet the acceptance standard requirements, so it has to be scrapped, causing great waste and production efficiency. Specifically, the weld between the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 using the welding method for butt-jointing the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 of this embodiment is naturally cooled for 24 hours and then tested to meet the standard requirements of passing 100% VT and 100% UT non-destructive testing. It is then tested after deep hole boring and machining to meet the standard inspection requirements of no scratches on the weld area inside the cylinder barrel 1, no pores larger than 0.5 mm (there must be less than 3 0.2 mm tiny pores in one circle of the weld), and no obvious traces.
[0039] Compared with the traditional solid welding wire 9 process, the weld between the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 using the welding method for butt-jointing the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 of this embodiment has an impact value of 72J at a low temperature of -40°C, which effectively improves the toughness and crack resistance of the weld, and the weld performance strength is above 550MPa.
[0040] In this embodiment, the welding process uses metal powder welding wire 9 for welding, that is, the base layer welding step, the filling layer welding step and the cover layer welding step all use metal powder welding wire 9 for welding. The metal powder welding wire 9 contains elemental components such as Si 0.70%, Mn 1.29%, Ni 0.41%, and chemical components such as low C 0.05%, low P 0.010%, and low S 0.025%. The microstructure is optimized to improve the toughness and crack resistance of the weld and effectively improve the mechanical properties of the welded joint. The use of metal powder welding wire 9 not only improves the deposition efficiency, but also, compared with the traditional solid welding wire 9, the metal powder welding wire 9 does not need to stop to remove the welding slag, which can effectively increase the welding speed and improve the welding quality, thereby improving the welding production efficiency and welding quality of the cylinder 1 and the flange 2.
[0041] In this embodiment, Figure 1As shown, the inner edge of the end face of the cylinder barrel 1 facing the flange 2 is provided with an annular flange 1.1 extending outward. The length of the annular flange 1.1 is 4-6mm. In this embodiment, the length of the annular flange 1.1 is 5mm. The inner edge of one end face of the flange 2 is provided with an annular groove 2.1 that cooperates with the annular flange 1.1. The annular flange 1.1 of the cylinder barrel 1 is inserted into the annular groove 2.1 of the flange 2 to achieve the overlap between the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2, and ensure the stability of the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2. The wall thickness between the bottom surface of the flange end groove and the inner wall of the annular groove 2.1 is 1.3-2mm. The wall thickness of the annular flange 1.1 is also 1.3-2mm.
[0042] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the annular flange 1.1 of the cylinder 1 is inserted into the annular groove 2.1 of the flange 2, so that after the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 are overlapped, a welding groove 3 is formed between the cylinder 1 and the flange 2. The welding groove 3 is annular. The cross section of the welding groove 3 is U-shaped. The welding groove 3 consists of a cylinder end groove and a flange end groove, and the cylinder end groove and the flange end groove are symmetrically distributed. The groove angle α of the welding groove 3 is 15°-25°. A chamfer 3.1 of R2.5-R4 is provided between the side wall and the bottom wall of the cylinder end groove, and the groove angle α of the cylinder end groove is 15°-25°. A chamfer 3.1 of R2.5-R4 is provided between the side wall and the bottom wall of the flange end groove, and the groove angle α of the flange end groove is 15°-25°.
[0043] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the welding tool 10 includes a frame, a driving motor, and a relatively distributed multi-jaw chuck 10.1 (for example, a three-jaw chuck or a four-jaw chuck) and a top-tightening tail cone 10.2. The multi-jaw chuck 10.1 is rotatably set on the frame, and the driving motor drives the multi-jaw chuck 10.1 to rotate. The top-tightening tail cone 10.2 is rotatably set on the frame, and the rotation axis of the multi-jaw chuck 10.1 is coaxially distributed with the rotation axis of the top-tightening tail cone 10.2. The top-tightening tail cone 10.2 is conical. The specific operation of installing the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 on the welding tool 10 is as follows: one of the workpieces in the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 is clamped on the multi-jaw chuck 10.1, and the other workpiece is pressed between the top-tightening tail cone 10.2 and the workpiece on the multi-jaw chuck 10.1. For example, the flange 2 is clamped on the multi-jaw chuck 10.1, the cylinder 1 is pressed between the pressing tail cone 10.2 and the flange 2, and the annular flange 1.1 of the cylinder 1 is inserted into the annular groove 2.1 of the flange 2 to achieve the overlap of the cylinder 1 and the flange 2, thereby completing the teaming of the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 and ensuring the stability of the teaming of the cylinder 1 and the flange 2. The multi-jaw chuck 10.1 is driven by the driving motor to rotate, thereby driving the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 to rotate synchronously.
[0044] After the cylinder 1 and flange 2 are assembled, check the coaxiality of the cylinder 1 and flange 2; check whether the end face of flange 2 at the bottom of the welding groove 3 and the end face of the cylinder 1 are smooth (that is, after the end face of flange 2 at the bottom of the welding groove 3 is in close contact with the end face of cylinder 1, the outer edge misalignment between the end face of flange 2 and the end face of cylinder 1 should be less than 0.5mm).
[0045] Of course, it should be noted that the above-mentioned welding tool 10 is only a preferred solution of this embodiment. In actual processing, other welding tools 10 in the prior art can also be used to install the cylinder 1 and the flange 2.
[0046] In this embodiment, the welding tool 10 also includes two brackets 10.3, and the two brackets are located between the multi-claw chuck 10.1 and the top tightening tail cone 10.2. The tops of the two brackets are provided with arc-shaped grooves with openings facing upward, wherein the arc-shaped groove of one bracket is used to support the cylinder barrel 1, and the arc-shaped groove of the other bracket is used to support the flange 2. When the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2 are actually teamed, the flange 2 is supported on the arc-shaped groove of one bracket, and then the flange 2 is clamped on the multi-claw chuck 10.1; the cylinder barrel 1 is supported on the arc-shaped groove of the other bracket, and then the cylinder barrel 1 is tightened between the top tightening tail cone 10.2 and the flange 2, and the annular flange 1.1 of the cylinder barrel 1 is inserted into the annular groove 2.1 of the flange 2 to achieve the overlap between the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2, thereby completing the teaming of the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2.
[0047] In this embodiment, the welding gun 8 is installed on the welding manipulator 7, and the welding manipulator 7 is used to control the moving position and movement trajectory of the welding gun 8.
[0048] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the step of welding the filling layer, in the swing arc welding process, the welding gun 8 drives the welding wire 9 to swing in the welding groove 3, and the end of the welding wire 9 points to a position 0.5-1mm away from the edge of the weld groove (that is, during the swing of the welding wire 9 in the welding groove 3, the minimum distance from the end of the welding wire 9 to the edge of the weld groove is 0.5-1mm). The distance between the end of the welding wire 9 and the edge of the weld groove in the swing arc welding process has an important influence on the welding quality. If the distance is too small, undercutting may occur, affecting the quality of the inside and surface of the weld; if the distance is too large, it may cause the welding molten pool and the groove edge to fail to fully merge, forming defects such as incomplete penetration or incomplete fusion. Therefore, in the swing arc welding process of the filling layer welding step of the present embodiment, by controlling the swing amplitude of the welding wire 9, the end of the welding wire 9 is pointed to a position 0.5-1mm away from the edge of the weld groove. In this way, the undercut phenomenon caused by too small a distance can be avoided; and defects such as incomplete penetration or lack of fusion caused by too large a distance can be avoided, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the filling layer weld 5.
[0049] Further, such as Figure 4As shown, in the step of welding the cover layer, in the swing arc welding process, the welding gun 8 drives the welding wire 9 to swing outside the welding groove 3, and the end of the welding wire 9 points to a position 0.5-1.5mm beyond the edge of the weld groove ( Figure 4 The end of the welding wire 9 points to a position 0.5-1.5mm beyond the edge of the weld groove). In the cover layer welding step, the weld groove edge refers to the two edges of the notch of the weld groove. In the cover layer welding step, since the welding wire 9 is located outside the welding groove 3 and swings, the end of the welding wire 9 can exceed the edge of the weld groove during the swinging process of the welding wire 9. In the swing arc welding process of the cover layer welding step of this embodiment, by controlling the swing amplitude of the welding wire 9, the end of the welding wire 9 points to a position 0.5-1.5mm beyond the edge of the weld groove, so that it can be ensured that the cover layer weld 6 is welded through and fused into one with the cylinder barrel 1 and the flange 2, thereby improving the quality of the cover layer weld 6.
[0050] Furthermore, in the welding process, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 380±20℃ (the interlayer temperature in the welding process refers to the instantaneous temperature of each weld and the base material before the next weld is welded). In this way, after the welding of the next weld, it is equivalent to helping the previous weld to temper and eliminate stress, and it also preheats the next weld. In this way, on the one hand, the quality of the previous weld can be improved, and on the other hand, the unfused phenomenon of the side wall of the weld groove can be prevented, further improving the quality of the weld.
[0051] In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the process parameters of the base layer welding step are as follows: welding current 310-320A, voltage 28.7-29.6V, welding speed 0.52-0.58m / min, weld penetration ≥1.5mm. The shielding gas is 82%Ar+18%CO2, and the shielding gas flow rate is 22-25L / min.
[0052] In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the process parameters of the filling layer welding are as follows: welding current 280-290A, voltage 29-30V, welding speed 0.42-0.55m / min, shielding gas 82%Ar+18%CO2, shielding gas flow rate 22-25L / min.
[0053] In this embodiment, the specific steps of welding the filling layer are as follows: First, the welding gun 8 is raised from the welding arc starting point by a set distance of 3 mm.
[0054] Second, the welding wire 9 of the welding gun 8 swings at a set frequency and amplitude in the welding groove 3; the cylinder 1 and the flange 2 rotate 360 degrees, so as to weld a ring-shaped filling layer weld 5 in the welding groove 3; then, the welding gun 8 is raised by a set distance of 3mm; in this embodiment, the set distance L is 3mm. During the welding of the first filling layer weld 5, the swing frequency of the welding wire 9 of the welding gun 8 in the welding groove 3 is set to 1.2H.
[0055] Third, return to the second step until the welding of each filling layer weld 5 is completed. For each additional filling layer weld 5, the swing setting frequency of the welding wire 9 of the welding gun 8 at the welding groove 3 is increased by 0.2-0.5H at 1.2H.
[0056] In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the process parameters of the cap layer welding are as follows: welding current is 255-265A, voltage is 30-31V, welding speed is 0.32-0.35m / min, shielding gas is 82%Ar+18%CO2, and shielding gas flow rate is 22-25L / min.
[0057] The welding process parameter setting of the welding method for butt welding a cylinder barrel and a flange in this embodiment further ensures that the weld penetration reaches full penetration, solves the problem of insufficient penetration at the bottom of the base weld and insufficient fusion at the sides, improves weld formation and improves weld quality.
[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent transformation made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange, characterized in that: The welding process includes the following steps in sequence: Base layer welding: a layer of annular base layer weld is welded at the bottom of the welding groove between the cylinder barrel and the flange; Filling layer welding uses swing arc welding technology to weld several layers of annular filling layer welds from the bottom to the outside in the welding groove; The cover layer welding adopts the swing arc welding process to weld a layer of annular cover layer weld at the notch position of the welding groove. The base layer weld, each filling layer weld and the cover layer weld completely fill the welding groove.
2. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the filling layer welding step, the swing arc welding process is adopted, and the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing in the welding groove, and the end of the welding wire points to the position 0.5-1mm away from the edge of the weld groove.
3. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover layer welding step adopts the swing arc welding process, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing outside the welding groove, and the end of the welding wire points to a position 0.5-1.5mm beyond the edge of the weld groove.
4. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of base layer welding are as follows: The welding gun moves to the welding arc starting point, at which point the distance between the welding gun nozzle and the outer wall of the cylinder is 1.5-2.5mm; The welding gun remains in position, and the cylinder barrel and the flange are rotated 361-368 degrees, thereby welding a layer of annular base weld at the bottom of the welding groove between the cylinder barrel and the flange.
5. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of filling layer welding are as follows: First, lift the welding gun up from the welding arc starting point to set the distance Lmm; Second, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing in the welding groove at a set frequency and amplitude; the cylinder and the flange rotate 360 degrees, thereby welding a ring-shaped filler layer weld in the welding groove; then, the welding gun is raised up by a set distance Lmm; Third, return to step 2 until the welding of each filler layer weld is completed.
6. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of cover layer welding are as follows: After completing the filling layer welding, raise the welding gun upward by a set distance of L1mm so that the end of the welding wire is located outside the welding groove; Next, the welding gun drives the welding wire to swing at a set frequency and amplitude on the outside of the welding groove; the cylinder and the flange rotate 361-368 degrees, thereby welding a ring-shaped cover layer weld at the notch position of the welding groove.
7. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The process parameters of base layer welding are as follows: welding current 310-320A, voltage 28.7-29.6V, welding speed 0.52-0.58m / min, weld penetration ≥1.5mm; The process parameters of the filling layer welding are as follows: welding current 280-290A, voltage 29-30V, welding speed 0.42-0.55m / min; The process parameters for cover layer welding are as follows: welding current is 255-265A, voltage is 30-31V, and welding speed is 0.32-0.35m / min.
8. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: It also includes a preheating process before welding, in which the cylinder barrel and the flange are preheated at a temperature of 300±20°C; then, the welding process is carried out.
9. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The welding process uses metal powder welding wire for welding.
10. A method for welding a cylinder barrel and a flange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: During the welding process, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 380±20°C, the thickness of the base layer weld is less than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the filling layer weld is less than or equal to 3mm.
Citation Information
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CN120438766A