Battery replacement system, motor vehicle, and method for mounting and / or dismounting battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery changing system having a frame, the frame (5) delimiting a battery receiving space (15) to the outside. According to the invention, the battery changing system (1) has a pivotably adjustable roller device (7) with a first roller (23), the roller device (7) being designed and / or adapted such that the battery of the motor vehicle can be displaced relative to the frame (5) in the raised position of the roller device (7) by rolling (23) on the first roller, preferably with little force. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle and to a method for mounting and / or dismounting a battery in and / or from the battery replacement system (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a battery replacement system, a motor vehicle with a battery replacement system, and a method for installing and / or removing a battery in a battery replacement system. Background Art

[0002] The traction battery of an electric vehicle has only a limited capacity. If the traction battery is discharged, it must be recharged during the charging process. During the charging process, the electric vehicle cannot be used, which limits its user-friendliness. In order to increase the use phases of the electric vehicle, small electric vehicles such as electric scooters have such a battery replacement system. The battery replacement system can be used to replace a discharged traction battery with a full traction battery. To this end, the battery lock of the battery replacement system is first unlocked. The discharged traction battery is then removed from the battery receptacle defined by the frame of the battery replacement system. This is done manually, especially in small electric vehicles, due to the low weight of the traction battery. The full traction battery is then manually inserted into the battery receptacle and the battery lock is locked again. However, this battery replacement system is not suitable for traction batteries with a relatively large weight, such as in the case of buses or tractors. This is because manual removal and insertion of the traction battery is no longer possible due to the high weight of the traction battery. The battery replacement system therefore has the disadvantage that the application of the battery replacement system is limited to traction batteries with a relatively small weight.

[0003] Battery replacement systems are also known, in which the battery is bolted into the vehicle from the underside of the vehicle. However, this has the disadvantage that the battery has to be removed to the underside of the vehicle for battery replacement and a clean workshop environment is therefore required. The battery cannot therefore be replaced anywhere. The bolt connection is also subject to great stresses, since it must absorb the weight and the loads occurring during operation. Therefore, the bolt connection must be designed with a correspondingly large safety factor.

[0004] A vehicle with a battery element is known from WO 2023 / 001621 A1. A motor vehicle with a battery replacement system and a Teflon-coated U-shaped guide rail is disclosed from US 2014 / 0003895 A1. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a battery replacement system which has wider application feasibility compared with the known battery replacement systems.

[0006] The technical problem is solved by a battery replacement system, a motor vehicle, and a method for installing and / or removing a battery.

[0007] According to the invention, a battery replacement system is proposed for a battery, preferably a traction battery, of a motor vehicle, the battery replacement system having a frame, wherein the frame delimits the battery receiving space to the outside. According to the invention, the battery replacement system has a pivotally adjustable roller device with a first roller, preferably pivotally adjustable from a lowered position to a raised position and vice versa, wherein the roller device is designed and / or adapted so that in the raised position of the roller device, the battery of the motor vehicle, preferably the battery inserted into the battery receiving space, can be displaced, preferably translated or only translated, relative to the frame by rolling on the first roller, preferably with only a small force. The roller device in the raised position can move the battery into or out of the battery receiving space with very little effort. The battery replacement system can therefore also be used for batteries with a relatively high dead weight, so that the feasibility of the battery replacement system is advantageously increased compared to known battery replacement systems. By means of the pivotally adjustable roller device, the battery replacement system advantageously combines the advantages of a rigid three-point support when the roller device is lowered and the convenient handling of the battery when the roller device is raised.

[0008] For example, it can be provided that the roller device has a rail with a front rail end and / or a rear rail end. The rail can be formed, for example, from a U-profile or a closed profile or a double T bracket. U-profiles have the advantage, in particular, that they can be produced more cost-effectively than solid profiles, for example.

[0009] Preferably, it can be provided that the rail in the lowered position of the roller arrangement is preferably loosely supported by the front rail end on a locking unit, preferably a bearing seat, of the battery change system, and / or it can be preferably provided that the rail is pivotably supported about a rail pivot axis on the frame by the rear rail end. The U-profile-shaped rail roller arrangement can be manufactured particularly weight-saving. Due to the pivotability, the roller arrangement can be pivotally adjusted from the lowered position of the roller arrangement to the raised position of the roller arrangement with less force than when the roller arrangement is fully raised.

[0010] For example, it can be provided that the locking unit is designed and / or suitable for fixing the battery in a fixed position in the installed state and / or in the battery receiving space, specifically preferably by the locking unit in the locked state.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, it can be provided that the battery replacement system has a locking unit for fixing the battery in a fixed position in the battery receiving space, the locking unit has a bearing seat, a first locking hook and / or a second locking hook, and / or the first locking hook and / or the second locking hook are preferably fixed to a common locking hook shaft by a key in a torsion-proof manner, and the locking hook shaft is rotatably supported on the bearing seat, wherein it can preferably be provided that the first locking hook and the second locking hook are coupled to each other by the locking hook shaft of the locking unit. The two locking hooks ensure that the battery is fixed to the battery replacement system in a particularly reliable and position-invariant manner. Since the locking hooks are coupled by the locking hook shaft, it is sufficient to rotate only one of the locking hooks to simultaneously transfer the two locking hooks from their locked position to their unlocked position. Another advantage is that the locking unit can be locked and unlocked without additional auxiliary devices, such as screws. Therefore, torque fluctuations will not occur as in the case of conventional screw fixing. As a result, multiple replacement cycles can also be performed and the battery replacement system can be operated with only a few tools or even without tools.

[0012] For example, it can be provided that the locking unit, preferably the bearing seat, is fixed to a crossbeam of the frame, wherein it can preferably be provided that the crossbeam and / or the bearing seat are arranged in the area of ​​a battery insertion opening assigned to the frame. Since the frame is designed to be stable and the bearing seat is fixedly connected to the frame via the crossbeam, forces occurring during operation can be advantageously transferred to the frame.

[0013] It can be particularly preferably provided that the frame is U-shaped and / or is formed from sheet metal, preferably partially by bent sheet metal, wherein it can be particularly preferably provided that the crossbeam extends parallel to the transverse axis of the battery replacement system and / or connects two mutually parallel legs or side walls of the frame to one another. Manufacturing the frame from sheet metal, preferably bent sheet metal, is a possibility for manufacturing the frame in a particularly weight-saving manner. It can be preferably provided that the legs or side walls of the frame are connected to one another via a rear wall of the frame, wherein it can be particularly preferably provided that the rear wall extends at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the battery replacement system and parallel to the height axis and the transverse axis. The frame serves in particular to protect and / or shield the battery from mechanical loads, for example in the event of a collision.

[0014] For example, it can be provided that the locking hook is designed and / or adapted to engage, preferably respectively engage, preferably form-fittingly engage with a locking hook recess, which is defined outwardly by the battery housing, in the battery installed state and / or in the locked state of the locking unit. By the form-fitting engagement, the battery is held in the battery receiving space without play by the locking hook.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the locking unit has an actuating shaft which can preferably be manually actuated or manually rotationally actuated for transferring the locking unit from a locked state to an unlocked state and vice versa, the actuating shaft being rotatably supported on a bearing seat, and the locking hook cam disc and / or the track cam disc being preferably each arranged rotationally fixed on the actuating shaft. By rotating the actuating shaft, the battery in the installed state and in the battery receiving space can thus be released manually with little force and without external energy.

[0016] For example, it can be provided that the actuation axis extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the battery replacement system and / or at right angles to the locking hook axis. This arrangement of the actuation axis makes it particularly easy to access the actuation axis from the front of the vehicle when the battery replacement system is installed in the vehicle. In addition, it is provided that the battery replacement system can be actuated separately from outside the vehicle and from the front of the vehicle, thereby significantly reducing the risk of injury, in particular the risk of crushing, for operators of the battery replacement system.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the locking unit is designed and / or adapted such that, by rotating the actuating shaft, preferably in a first rotational direction, the cam profile of the locking hook cam disk actuates the actuating lever of the first locking hook or the second locking hook so that the locking hook is twisted or rotated from the locking position into the unlocking position. The locking hook can be adjusted from its locking position into its unlocking position simply by rotating the actuating shaft. The locking unit is thus advantageously particularly easy to operate.

[0018] Preferably, it can be provided that the locking hook is in its locking position in the locked state of the locking unit and / or that the locking hook is in its unlocked position in the unlocked state of the locking unit.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the locking unit is designed and / or adapted such that, by rotating the actuating shaft, preferably in a first rotational direction, the roller device, preferably the track of the roller device, is lifted from the bearing seat by contact with the cam profile of the track cam disk. If the battery is inserted into the battery receiving space in the installed state, the battery is lifted together with the roller device from the bearing seat, preferably the track support block of the bearing seat, in the direction of the positive height axis of the height axis of the battery replacement system. The battery can be supported on one or more rollers and moved out of the battery receiving space and into the battery receiving space in a labor-saving manner.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the locking hook cam disc (preferably the cam profile of the locking hook cam disc) and the rail cam disc (preferably the cam profile of the rail cam disc) are arranged on the actuating shaft at a predefined angle, rotated relative to each other and / or spaced apart from each other, and the angle is dimensioned such that, when the actuating shaft is rotated, preferably in a first rotational direction, the rail is lifted from the support only after the locking hook has at least partially or completely been rotated out of its locking position and / or has been disengaged from the locking hook recess. This arrangement of the locking hook cam disc and the rail cam disc creates a particularly smooth movement sequence between unlocking the locking hook and lifting the roller device. In addition, it is ensured that the battery is lifted from the support only after the locking hook has been disengaged from the locking hook recess.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the battery replacement system can have a first and / or second centering pin for holding and / or supporting the battery, wherein preferably it can be provided that the first and / or second centering pin is fixed to the frame and extends into the battery receiving space, or wherein preferably the first and / or second centering pin is arranged on the battery, preferably on the battery housing of the battery. The battery is thus additionally supported on the frame by a form-fitting connection.

[0022] For example, it can be provided that the battery replacement system is designed and / or adapted so that the first centering pin and / or the second centering pin each preferably snaps into a centering pin recess, preferably only one, defined outwardly by the battery housing or frame of the battery, in the installed state of the battery. The battery can thereby be held without play in the battery receiving space, in particular in combination with a positive snap-in with the locking hook.

[0023] For example, it can be provided that the first and / or second centering pins extend parallel to the track of the roller device or the longitudinal axis of the battery replacement system, and / or the centering pins are arranged on the side of the frame opposite the locking unit. This arrangement of the centering pins relative to the frame and / or the roller device results in that the centering pins can be inserted into the centering pin grooves, which are defined by the battery housing to the outside, without interfering with the contour. If two centering pins are provided, the battery is fixed to the frame in a particularly torsion-resistant manner. In addition, the two centering pins also facilitate automatic contact between the electrical plug interface of the battery and the electrical plug interface of the vehicle.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the battery replacement system is designed and / or suitable for supporting the battery on the frame via a preferably rigid three-point support when the battery is installed and the roller device is lowered, wherein it can preferably be provided that the battery is preferably supported only on the bearing seat of the locking unit and one or more centering pins when the battery is installed and the roller device is lowered. The three-point support allows the battery to be supported on the frame in a statically defined manner and remains in fixed contact with the frame even when the frame is twisted, for example due to operating loads during operation of the motor vehicle. In addition, no torsional loads are transmitted to the battery and collision forces are transmitted directly to the frame of the motor vehicle.

[0025] For example, it can be provided that the three-point bearing is formed and / or provided by the bearing block, preferably the battery bearing block of the bearing block, the first centering pin and the second centering pin.

[0026] For example, it can be provided that the battery replacement system has a preferably electrical safety switch, and that the safety switch is designed and / or suitable for preventing the actuating shaft from twisting in the closed state of the safety switch, wherein it can preferably be provided that in the closed state a locking pawl arranged on the locking hook cam disk is retained in the safety switch. The safety switch prevents the battery from being removed from the battery receiving space when certain conditions are not met, which conditions are intended to exclude threats to operators of the battery replacement system.

[0027] Preferably, provision can be made that a rotation of the actuation shaft is only possible when the safety switch is in the open state.

[0028] Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the safety switch is designed and / or adapted so that the safety switch is switched from the closed state to the open state, i.e. preferably by turning the ignition key to a changed position of the ignition lock, the high-voltage electrical connection between the battery and the motor vehicle is disconnected and / or the safety switch is unlocked by an additional key, preferably in the event of a battery system failure. This ensures that the battery is only removed from the battery receiving space when the high-voltage connection is disconnected. This advantageously prevents an operator of the battery replacement system from accidentally coming into contact with live parts.

[0029] For example, it can be provided that the battery replacement system is installed in a stationary manner, specifically for example in a wind turbine or in conjunction with a photovoltaic system.

[0030] According to the invention, a motor vehicle is also proposed with a battery replacement system as described above. Preferably, it can be provided that the motor vehicle has a battery, preferably a traction battery.

[0031] According to the invention, a method for installing and / or removing a battery in a battery replacement system as described above is also proposed.

[0032] For example, it can be provided that the longitudinal axis, the transverse axis and the height axis each extend at a right angle to one another. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] Figure 1 A battery replacement system is shown in stereoscopic view;

[0036] Figure 2 The locking unit of the battery replacement system is shown in a locked state in a stereoscopic perspective;

[0037] Figure 3 The locking unit is shown in a stereoscopic view in an unlocked state;

[0038] Figure 4 A traction battery is shown in stereoscopic view;

[0039] Figure 5 A detail of a traction battery is shown in another stereoscopic view;

[0040] Figure 6 A tractor with a battery replacement system and a traction battery in an installed state is shown in a stereoscopic view;

[0041] Figure 7 A detail of a battery replacement system is shown in a three-dimensional perspective, with the traction battery in a locked installation state;

[0042] Figure 8 A detail of a tractor with a traction battery in an installed state is shown in a perspective view, wherein the locking unit is partially unlocked;

[0043] Fig. 9 shows the traction battery in an unlocked installed state in a perspective cutaway view, and

[0044] Fig.10 The traction battery in the installed state is shown in a perspective view together with the three-point mounting of the traction battery which is only shown schematically. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Figure 1 The battery replacement system 1 is shown in FIG. The battery replacement system 1 is a motor vehicle, which is only exemplified here. Figure 6 A portion of a tractor T is partially shown in FIG. The battery replacement system 1 is designed and suitable for replacing discharged batteries (such as the traction battery 3) of the tractor T in a simple and labor-saving manner. Figure 6 ) is replaced with another fully charged traction battery (not shown).

[0046] The battery replacement system 1 has a frame 5, a roller device 7, a locking unit 9, a first centering pin 11 and a second centering pin 13. The frame 5 is shown here only as an example and is composed of a substantially U-shaped sheet metal bent part. The frame 5 at least partially delimits the battery receiving space 15 to the outside. In addition, the frame 5 is provided with a battery insertion opening 17, which faces the longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L of the battery replacement system 1 and is therefore arranged on the front side of the frame 5. The longitudinal axis direction corresponds to Figure 1 Arrow direction of the central longitudinal axis L. The battery insertion opening 17 opens into the battery receiving space 15 and is at least partially delimited radially outwardly by the frame 5 .

[0047] The frame 5 has a crossbeam 19, through which two legs of the frame 5 extending parallel to each other and in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal axis L are connected to each other. The locking unit 9 is fixed to the crossbeam 19, more precisely to the upper side of the crossbeam 19, which faces the positive height axis direction of the height axis H of the battery replacement system 1. The positive height axis direction corresponds to Figure 1 The arrow direction of the center height axis H.

[0048] The first and second centering pins 11, 13 are each fastened to a base section of the frame 5, to be precise the centering pins 11 and 13 project into the battery receiving space 15. The centering pins 11 and 13 extend parallel to the longitudinal axis L and parallel to the two legs of the frame 5, which are connected to one another by a crossbar 19. The centering pins 11 and 13 absorb forces introduced by the traction battery 3 in the negative longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L, parallel to the transverse axis Q and parallel to the height axis H.

[0049] The roller device 7 is pivotally adjustable supported on the frame 5 and has a U-profile rail 21 here only as an example. The rail 21 is arranged in the battery replacement system 1 so that the rail 21 is open in the positive height axis direction of the height axis H. In addition, the rail 21 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis L and parallel to the legs of the frame 5, and the legs are connected to each other by a crossbeam 19. Relative to the frame 5, the roller device 7 has a first roller 23 on the front side, which is rotatably supported on an axis assigned to the first roller 23. The axis assigned to the first roller 23 is fixed to the legs of the U-profile rail 21 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The first roller 23 is arranged between the legs of the U-profile rail 21 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0050] The roller device 7 has, in addition to the first roller 23, a second roller 25 and a third roller 27. The rollers 25 and 27 are rotatably mounted on a common shaft corresponding to the rollers 25 and 27. The common shaft corresponding to the rollers 25 and 27 is fixed to a leg of the U-profile rail 21 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The rollers 25 and 27 are arranged on the outside of the rail 21, more precisely on mutually opposite sides of the rail 21.

[0051] The axis corresponding to the first roller 23 and the axes corresponding to the rollers 25 and 27 extend parallel to the longitudinal axis L and are spaced apart from one another. Seen in the negative longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L, the rollers 25 and 27 are arranged behind the roller 23. In the positive height axis direction of the height axis H, the rollers 23, 25 and 27 each partially extend out of the rail 21 and / or out of the legs of the rail 21 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The rail 21 is arranged centrally between the legs of the frame 5 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0052] The roller device 7 has a rail pivot axis 29, which is arranged at the rear rail end of the rail 21 pointing in the negative longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L. The rail 21 is rotatably supported about the rail pivot axis 29. The rail pivot axis 29 extends parallel to the axis corresponding to the first roller 23 and to the axis corresponding to the rollers 25 and 27. The rail pivot axis 29 is fixed to a rail support unit, which is indirectly connected to the frame 5.

[0053] The locking unit 9 has a support seat 41, such as Figure 2 As shown. The support seat 41 is fixed on the crossbeam 19. The support seat 41 has a rail support block 43 with a cover surface facing the positive height axis direction of the height axis H. The front rail end of the rail 21 facing the positive longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L is supported on the cover surface of the rail support block 43, which is loose here only by way of example.

[0054] The locking unit 9 has a first locking hook 45, which is preferably plate-shaped, and a second locking hook 47, which is preferably plate-shaped. The first locking hook 45 and the second locking hook 47 are fixed to the locking hook shaft 52 in a rotationally fixed manner. The locking hook shaft 52 is rotatably supported on the support 41 and extends parallel to the transverse axis Q of the battery replacement system 1 (see FIG. Figure 1 ). The positive horizontal axis direction is equivalent to Figure 1 Arrow direction of the central transverse axis Q. The first locking hook 45 and the second locking hook 47 are arranged on opposite sides of the rail support block 43 so that the rail support block 43 is arranged between the locking hooks 45 and 47 and abuts against each of the locking hooks 45 and 47 .

[0055] For example Figure 8 As shown in FIG, the first locking hook 45 and the second locking hook 47 are connected to each other via a locking rod 48. The locking rod 48 extends parallel to the transverse axis Q. The two locking hooks 45 and 47 are fixed in a rotationally fixed manner on a locking hook shaft 52, which provides a complete motion coupling between the first locking hook 45 and the second locking hook 47.

[0056] The locking unit 9 has a substantially cuboid battery support block 51, which is merely an example and adjoins the rail support block 43 substantially in the positive height axis direction of the height axis H. The battery support block 51 has a cover surface facing in the positive height axis direction of the height axis H, on which the traction battery 3 is supported in the installed state in which it is inserted into the battery receiving space 15. The battery support block 51 and the rail support block 43 can be connected to each other in a uniform and integral manner, merely as an example, or can also be designed in multiple parts and, for example, welded to each other.

[0057] The battery support block 51 defines outwardly a first hook groove 49 assigned to the first locking hook 45 and a second hook groove 50 assigned to the second locking hook 47. The first locking hook 45 extends partially in the first hook groove 49. The second locking hook 47 extends partially in the second hook groove 50. The locking hooks 45 and 47 are partially guided in the hook grooves 49 and 50 by the battery support block 51. Therefore, the forces or force components acting parallel to the transverse axis Q do not have to be absorbed only by the locking hooks 45 and 47, but are also partially introduced into the battery support block 51 of mechanically stable design.

[0058] The second locking hook 47 is supported on the battery support block 51 by a spring 53 which is formed here only as an example by a bent helical spring. The spring 53 is inserted on the locking hook shaft 52, more precisely on the side of the second locking hook 47 opposite the battery support block 51. The spring 53 is fixedly clamped on the second locking hook 47 and only rests on the battery support block 51. The spring force of the spring 53 acts in the clockwise direction when viewed in the negative transverse axis direction of the transverse axis Q. When viewed in the negative transverse axis direction of the transverse axis Q, the spring force preloads the second locking hook 47 in the clockwise direction. That is, the second locking hook 47 and the first locking hook 45 are also preloaded in the direction of their locking position by the spring force via the locking rod 48.

[0059] The locking unit 9 has an operating shaft 55, which is rotatably supported on the bearing seat 41, in particular on the rail support block 43. The operating shaft 55 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The blocking cam disc 57, the locking hook cam disc 59 and the rail cam disc 61 are respectively arranged on the operating shaft 55 in a rotationally fixed manner. The cam discs 57, 59 and 61 are fixed on the operating shaft 55 in such a way that the rail support block 43 is arranged between the blocking cam disc 57 and the locking hook cam disc 59, and the locking hook cam disc 59 is arranged between the rail support block 43 and the rail cam disc 61. The blocking cam disc 57 and the locking hook cam disc 59 are respectively directly in contact with the rail support block 43. The rail cam disc 61 is in contact with the locking hook cam disc 59. The blocking cam disc 57 is arranged on the side of the rail support block 43 facing the longitudinal axis L in the positive longitudinal axis direction. The locking hook cam disc 59 and the rail cam disc 61 are arranged on the side of the rail support block 43 corresponding to the rail 21.

[0060] The locking unit 9 has a safety switch 71. The safety switch 71 is fixed to the crossbeam 19 by way of example only in the negative transverse axis direction of the transverse axis Q beside the bearing seat 41. The safety switch 71 is designed to accommodate a locking hook cam disc 59 and is arranged on the locking hook cam disc 59. Figure 3 The locking pawl 73 is shown and fixed in the safety switch 71. In the fixed state of the locking pawl 73, the locking hook cam disc 59 can no longer be twisted. The locking of the safety switch 71 is released by turning the ignition key to the switching position of the ignition lock, and when the high-voltage connection between the traction battery 3 and the tractor T is disconnected, the locking pawl 73 can be moved out of the safety switch 71, so that the operating shaft 55 and the locking hook cam disc 59 can be twisted to remove the traction battery 3.

[0061] If the tractor has a fault, the safety switch can also be unlocked with the aid of an additional key, which is inserted into the safety switch and used to switch the safety switch to the open position.

[0062] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the traction battery 3 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped battery housing 75. Figure 4 As shown, in the installed state of the traction battery 3 , the battery housing 75 is provided with a first locking hook recess 77 and a second locking hook recess 79 on the front side of the traction battery 3 facing in the positive longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L. The first locking hook recess 77 and the second locking hook recess 79 are each defined outwardly by the battery housing 75 .

[0063] The first locking hook recess 77 corresponds to the first locking hook 45, so that in the installed state of the traction battery 3 the first locking hook 45 can engage in a positive fit with the first locking hook recess 77. The second locking hook recess 79 corresponds to the second locking hook 47, so that in the installed state of the traction battery 3 the second locking hook 47 can engage in a positive fit with the second locking hook recess 79. The locking hooks 45 and 47 thus absorb forces introduced into the locking hooks 45 and 47 in the positive longitudinal direction of the longitudinal axis L, parallel to the transverse axis Q and parallel to the height axis H.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, in the installed state of the traction battery 3, on the back side of the traction battery 3 facing the negative longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L, the battery housing 75 is provided with a first centering pin recess 81 and a second centering pin recess 83. The first centering pin recess 81 and the second centering pin recess 83 are delimited outwardly by the battery housing 75. The back side of the traction battery 3 is also provided with an electrical battery plug-in interface 85, which is electrically connected to the battery cells of the traction battery 3. The traction battery 3 can be electrically connected to an electrical vehicle plug-in interface (not shown) of the tractor T via the battery plug-in interface 85. An electrical connection between the traction battery 5 and the drive device of the tractor T can be established via the battery plug-in interface 85 and the vehicle plug-in interface.

[0065] The working method of the locking unit 9 is described in detail below by means of a method for removing the traction battery 3 from the battery replacement system 1. Figure 7 , the traction battery 3 is shown in the installed state in the battery replacement system 1, wherein the locking unit 9 is also in its locked state. In the installed state, the traction battery 3 is fully electrically connected to the tractor T. Furthermore, the traction battery 3 is fixedly supported on the battery replacement system 1 by means of a preferably inherently stable three-point support. Fig.10 The triangle shown only schematically in the figure represents a three-point support. Two of the support points of the three-point support are provided by the centering pins 11 and 13. The third support point is provided by the battery support block 51. Alternatively, it is also possible that only the first centering pin 11 forms a three-point support together with the locking hooks 45 and 47, the first centering pin being arranged centrally on the frame or on the battery housing relative to the transverse axis Q. For this purpose, the locking hooks 45 and 47 can be spaced significantly further apart from each other in the direction of the transverse axis.

[0066] In the installed state, the first centering pin 11 engages in a positively locking manner with the first centering pin recess 81, preferably with an elastic plastic bushing, preferably a sound-absorbing bushing, arranged in between, for example, for vibration damping and tolerance compensation. Fig. 9 . In addition, in the installed state, the second centering pin 13 engages in a form-fitting manner with the second centering pin recess 83, preferably with an intermediate arrangement of, for example, an elastic plastic bushing, preferably a silent bushing, for vibration damping and tolerance compensation. In addition, the battery housing 75 is supported on the battery support block 51. In addition, the locking hooks 45 and 47 are in a locking position corresponding to the locked state of the locking unit 9. In the locked position, the first locking hook 45 engages in a form-fitting manner with the first locking hook recess 77 and the second locking hook 47 engages in a form-fitting manner with the second locking hook recess 79. The traction battery 3 is held on the centering pins 11 and 13 and the battery support block 51 by the locking hooks 45 and 47 in their locked position. For example Figure 7 As shown in , the roller device 7 is in the lowered position in the locked state of the locking unit 9. In the lowered position, the track 21 is supported on the track support block 43, and the rollers 23, 25 and 27 are not in contact with the battery housing 75 and are spaced from the battery housing 75 in the negative height axis direction of the height axis H.

[0067] The blocking cam disc 57 has a blocking cam disc profile on the circumference. The blocking cam disc profile corresponds to the outer circumference of the locking rod 48. In the locked state of the locking unit 9, the blocking cam disc profile partially surrounds the locking rod 48, and more precisely, the locking hooks 45 and 47 are indirectly fixed in their locked positions by the locking rod 48. In the locked state of the locking unit 9, the locking hook cam disc 59 does not contact the locking hooks 45 and 47, and the track cam disc 61 does not contact the track 21.

[0068] In order to remove the traction battery 3 from the battery replacement system 1, the high voltage connection between the tractor T and the traction battery 3 is first closed by turning the ignition key in the ignition lock of the tractor to the replacement position. In this process, the safety switch is changed to the open state, so that the locking pawl 73 is no longer held in the safety switch 71.

[0069] The actuating shaft 55 is then first rotated, specifically, here merely by way of example, in the counterclockwise direction when viewed in the negative longitudinal direction of the longitudinal axis L. By rotating the actuating shaft 55, the blocking cam profile is first disengaged from the locking lever 48, so that the locking hooks 45 and 47 are no longer held in their locking position by the blocking cam. In addition, by rotating the actuating shaft 55, the locking pawl 73 is pivoted out of the safety switch 71.

[0070] As the actuating shaft 55 is further rotated, the cam contour of the locking hook cam disc 59 comes into contact with the actuating lever 87 of the second locking hook 47. As a result of the further rotation, the cam contour slides down on the actuating lever 87, and the second locking hook 47, more precisely together with the first locking hook 45, is thereby moved from its locked position in the direction of the unlocked position of the locking hooks 45 and 47. In this case, the locking hooks 45 and 47 are rotated about the locking hook axis, more precisely in the counterclockwise direction when viewed in the negative transverse axis direction of the transverse axis Q. In the unlocked position, the locking hooks 45 and 47 protrude in the positive height axis direction of the height axis H and do not extend beyond the cover surface of the battery receiving block 51. In addition to the cam contour, the locking hook cam disc also has a stop contour 89, which prevents the actuating shaft 55 from being rotated counterclockwise when viewed in the negative transverse axis direction of the transverse axis Q when the locking hooks 45 and 47 reach the unlocked position.

[0071] By further rotating the operating shaft 55, while the locking hooks 45 and 47 are adjusted to their unlocked position, the cam profile of the track cam disc 61 first contacts the track 61 and then pushes it away from the track support block 43 in the positive height axis direction of the height axis H. In this process, the roller device 7 is pivoted about the track pivot axis 29, whereby the roller device 7 is transferred from the lowered position to the raised position, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown. By raising the roller device 7, the rollers 23, 25 and 27 first come into contact with the bottom side of the battery housing 75, and the traction battery 3 is then slightly lifted in the positive height axis direction of the height axis H. The traction battery 3 is thus no longer supported on the battery support block 51, but on the rollers 23, 25 and 27, so that the traction battery 3 can be removed from the battery replacement system 1, more specifically from the battery receiving space 15, with little effort.

[0072] The traction battery 3 is then pulled out of the battery receiving space 15 through the battery insertion opening 17 by rolling on the rollers 23, 25 and 27 in the positive longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L. In the process, the centering pins 11 and 13 are disengaged from the centering pin grooves 81 and 83, and the battery plug interface 85 is separated from the vehicle plug interface. After the traction battery 3 is pulled out of the battery receiving space 15, the traction battery 3 is removed and put into the charging process.

[0073] In order to enable the tractor T to continue driving immediately, a further fully charged traction battery is then inserted into the battery receiving space 15. The installation of the further fully charged traction battery is the reverse of the sequence of the removal of the traction battery 3.

[0074] In addition, it should be noted that in this or other embodiments of the battery replacement system 1, the rail 21 can also be raised by directly rotating the locking hook shaft 52 via the hexagonal head provided on the locking hook shaft 52. As a result, there is no need to operate the locking hooks 45 and 47 via the locking hook cam disk 59.

[0075] Reference numerals list

[0076] 1 Battery replacement system

[0077] 3 Traction battery

[0078] 5 Framework

[0079] 7 Roller device

[0080] 9 Locking unit

[0081] 11First centering pin

[0082] 13 Second centering pin

[0083] 15 Battery storage space

[0084] 17 Battery insertion port

[0085] 19 Beam

[0086] 21 Track

[0087] 23 First roller

[0088] 25 Second roller

[0089] 27 Third roller

[0090] 29 Track pivot axis

[0091] 41 Support seat

[0092] 43 Track support block

[0093] 45 First locking hook

[0094] 47 Second locking hook

[0095] 48 Locking lever

[0096] 49 First hook slot

[0097] 50 Second hook slot

[0098] 51 Battery support block

[0099] 52 Locking hook shaft

[0100] 53 Spring

[0101] 55 Control shaft

[0102] 57 Locking cam plate

[0103] 59 Locking hook cam plate

[0104] 61 Track Cam Disc

[0105] 71 Safety switch

[0106] 73 stop pawl

[0107] 75 Battery housing

[0108] 77 First locking hook groove

[0109] 79 Second locking hook groove

[0110] 81 First centering pin groove

[0111] 83 Second centering pin groove

[0112] 85 Battery socket

[0113] 87 Joystick

[0114] 89 Stop profile

[0115] H Height axis

[0116] L Longitudinal axis

[0117] Q Horizontal axis

[0118] T Tractor

Claims

1. A battery replacement system having: Framework (5), in, The frame (5) defines a battery receiving space (15) outwardly, It is characterized in that The battery replacement system (1) has a pivotably adjustable roller device (7) with a first roller (23), and the roller device (7) is designed and / or adapted so that in the raised position of the roller device (7), the battery of the motor vehicle can be displaced relative to the frame (5) by rolling on the first roller (23), preferably with only a small force.

2. The battery replacement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery replacement system (1) has a locking unit (9) for fixing the battery position unchanged in the battery receiving space (15), and the locking unit (9) has a support seat (41), a first locking hook (45) and / or a second locking hook (47), and / or the first locking hook (45) and / or the second locking hook (47) are fixed to a common locking hook shaft (52) in a rotationally fixed manner, and the locking hook shaft is rotatably supported on the support seat (41), wherein it is preferably provided that the first locking hook (45) and the second locking hook (47) are coupled to each other in movement via the locking hook shaft (52) of the locking unit (9).

3. The battery replacement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking unit (9) has a preferably manually operable operating shaft (55) for changing the locking unit (9) from a locked state to an unlocked state and vice versa, the operating shaft being rotatably supported on a bearing seat (41), and a locking hook cam disc (59) and / or a track cam disc (61) being arranged on the operating shaft (55) in a rotationally fixed manner.

4. The battery replacement system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking unit (9) is designed and / or suitable for actuating the actuating shaft (55) by rotating the cam profile of the locking hook cam disk (59), preferably in a first rotational direction, to actuate the actuating lever (87) of the first locking hook (45) or the second locking hook (47), so that the locking hook (45; 47) is twisted or rotated from a locked position to an unlocked position.

5. The battery replacement system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The locking unit (9) is designed and / or adapted so that, by rotation of the operating shaft (55), preferably in a first rotation direction, the roller device (7), preferably the track (21) of the roller device (7), is lifted from the bearing seat (41) by contact with the cam profile of the track cam disk (61).

6. The battery replacement system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The locking hook cam disc (59), preferably the cam profile of the locking hook cam disc (59), and the track cam disc (61), preferably the cam profile of the track cam disc (61), are arranged on the operating shaft (55) at a predetermined angle, twisted relative to each other and / or spaced apart from each other, and the angle dimensions are designed so that when the operating shaft (55) is rotated, preferably in a first rotational direction, the track (21) is lifted from the support seat (41) only after the locking hook (45; 47) has been at least partially or completely rotated out of its locking position.

7. The battery replacement system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The battery replacement system (1) has a first centering pin (11) and / or a second centering pin (13) for holding and / or supporting the battery, wherein it is preferably provided that the first centering pin (11) and / or the second centering pin (13) are fixed to the frame (5) and extend into the battery receiving space (15).

8. The battery replacement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The battery replacement system (1) is designed and / or suitable for supporting the battery on the frame (5) by means of a preferably rigid three-point support device when the battery is in the installed state and the roller device (7) is lowered, wherein it is preferably provided that, in the installed state and when the roller device (7) is lowered, the battery is preferably supported only on a support seat (41) of the locking unit (9) and one or more centering pins (11; 13).

9. A motor vehicle having a battery replacement system (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

10. A method for installing a battery in a battery replacement system (1) according to one of the preceding claims and / or removing a battery from the battery replacement system.

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