Seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and particularly relates to a seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps that a basic carrier of the substrate comprises a compost fermentation product, perlite and vermiculite, and the raw materials comprise, by mass, 20% of the compost fermentation product, 40% of the perlite and 40% of the vermiculite, and the compost fermentation product, the perlite and the vermiculite are evenly mixed to prepare the seedling substrate. The compost fermentation product is prepared by adding self-made compost compound bacteria liquid, ground phosphate rock and potassium feldspar powder into cow dung and rice straw and carrying out aerobic composting. The seedling culture substrate is a soilless culture substrate, overcomes the defects of too light volume weight, too heavy volume weight, poor ventilation or excessive ventilation and the like possibly caused by a single substrate, proves that the seedling culture effect can be effectively improved when the seedling culture substrate is used for seedling culture, not only provides rich nutrient substances, but also improves the seedling culture efficiency. The fertilizer also contains microorganisms which can be planted at plant rhizosphere and promote crop growth, so that the agricultural production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and particularly relates to a seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the development of modern agriculture, soilless cultivation technology has gradually attracted widespread attention due to its unique advantages. As the core component of soilless cultivation, the selection of seedling substrate is particularly important. Among the many substrate raw materials, the compost fermentation obtained by aerobic composting with the addition of growth-promoting bacteria stands out with its unique advantages and becomes one of the preferred raw materials for soilless seedling substrate.

[0003] The compost obtained by aerobic composting with the addition of growth-promoting bacteria has a greatly increased organic matter content after microbial decomposition, and is rich in a variety of nutrients required by plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. These elements not only meet the basic needs of plant growth, but are also converted into forms that are more easily absorbed and utilized by plants through the metabolic activities of microorganisms. Compared with traditional inorganic substrates, the compost obtained by aerobic composting with the addition of growth-promoting bacteria is more comprehensive and balanced in nutrient supply, which helps promote the healthy growth of plants. In addition to the rich nutrient content, the compost obtained by aerobic composting with the addition of growth-promoting bacteria also has a significant soil improvement effect. Its good air permeability and water retention can improve the soil structure, increase the porosity in the soil, and improve the water holding capacity and air permeability of the soil. This improvement in the soil environment is conducive to the development of plant roots and the absorption of nutrients. In addition, the addition of growth-promoting bacteria can enhance the microbial activity of the soil, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and thus reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. In terms of environmental protection and sustainability, the compost obtained by aerobic composting with the addition of growth-promoting bacteria also performs well. It comes from the recycling of agricultural waste, which not only reduces the pollution of these wastes to the environment, but also realizes the effective utilization of resources. However, there is no report on mature seedling substrates using compost fermentation as raw materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing compost fermentation products, the steps comprising: mixing cow dung and rice straw to prepare compost raw materials, adding compost composite bacterial solution, phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder for aerobic composting.

[0005] Furthermore, the C / N ratio of the compost raw material is 35:1.

[0006] Furthermore, the water content of the compost raw material is 50% to 70%.

[0007] Furthermore, the water content of the compost raw material is 60%.

[0008] Furthermore, the amount of phosphate rock powder added is 4% of the dry weight of the compost raw material.

[0009] Furthermore, the addition amount of the potassium feldspar powder is 4% of the dry weight of the compost raw material.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of the compost composite bacterial solution introduced is 3% of the dry weight of the compost raw material.

[0011] The invention also provides a compost fermentation product, which is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0012] The invention also provides a seedling culture matrix, the components of which include compost fermentation product, perlite and vermiculite, and the compost fermentation product is the above compost fermentation product.

[0013] Furthermore, the weight percentages of the raw materials are: 20% compost fermentation product, 40% perlite, and 40% vermiculite.

[0014] The strains involved in the present invention are respectively derived from: Bacillus smithii strain purchased from the "China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center (GSICC)" with the number CICC10518; Paenibacillus barengoltzii strain purchased from "Wuhan Huizao Biotechnology Co., Ltd." with the number GD-62-2-4.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The invention discloses a seedling medium. The invention uses a self-made compost composite bacterial liquid, phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder to be added to cow dung and rice straw for aerobic composting to prepare one of the raw materials of the seedling medium, which provides rich nutrients and contains microorganisms that can colonize the rhizosphere of plants and promote crop growth, thereby reducing agricultural production costs; multiple raw materials are used to configure a mixed medium, which overcomes the disadvantages of a single medium that may cause too light or too heavy bulk density, poor ventilation or excessive ventilation, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a production process flow chart of a seedling culture medium.

[0019] Figure 2The present invention is a comparison of the growth indicators of pea seedlings using different seedling raising substrates in Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2.

[0020] Figure 3 The present invention is a comparison of the growth indicators of broad bean seedlings using different seedling raising substrates in Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. The methods in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents used are conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0023] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0024] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0025] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0026] The first aspect of the present invention provides a seedling cultivation matrix, wherein the basic carrier of the matrix comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% of compost fermentation product, 40% of perlite and 40% of vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed to form the seedling cultivation matrix.

[0027] The compost fermentation product is prepared by adding self-made composting compound bacterial liquid, phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder to cow dung and rice straw for aerobic composting, wherein the rice straw is air-dried and then crushed to control the particle length to 2 cm.

[0028] The second aspect of the present invention is a method for preparing a self-made compost composite bacterial solution. The method comprises the following steps:

[0029] 1. Prepare seed liquid of Bacillus smithii and Paenibacillus. The liquid culture medium used in the following is beef extract peptone culture medium, the component ratio is: 3g / L beef extract, 10g / L peptone, 5g / L NaCl, pH value is 7.2±0.1, and the solid culture medium used in the following is solid beef extract peptone culture medium, the component ratio is: 3g / L beef extract, 10g / L peptone, 5g / L NaCl, 15-20g / L agar, pH value is 7.2±0.1;

[0030] 2. Bacillus smithii and Paenibacillus were inoculated into the slant solid culture medium for activation, cultured at 30°C for 24 hours, taken out with an inoculation needle and separated by streaking on the solid culture medium plate, cultured at 30°C for 24 hours, and a single colony with good growth was selected and inoculated into a conical flask containing 100 mL of liquid culture medium with an inoculation needle. The culture conditions were: 30°C, continuous shaking, shaking speed of 150 rpm, 24 hours;

[0031] 3. Expansion culture of Bacillus smithii and Paenibacillus: Add 40L of liquid culture medium and 5kg of molasses into a 50L fermenter, adjust the pH to 7.2, sterilize at 100℃ for 2h, and after cooling, inoculate 500mL of Bacillus smithii and Paenibacillus seed liquid respectively, and expand the culture in the fermenter. The culture conditions are: 30℃, continuous stirring, stirring speed of 150rpm, 24h;

[0032] 4. Mix the fermentation broth of Bacillus styri and Paenibacillus styri in a ratio of 1:1 to make the effective viable count > 8×10 9 cfu / g.

[0033] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing compost fermentation product by adding composting composite bacterial liquid, phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder to cow dung and rice straw for aerobic composting.

[0034] 1. In the aerobic composting method, cow dung and rice straw are used as composting substrates, and composting composite bacterial solution, phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder are added to the composting substrate;

[0035] 2. In the aerobic composting method, cow dung and rice straw are mixed under the condition of C / N of 35:1; the moisture content of the compost raw materials is controlled at about 60%; the ventilation intensity of the pile is 0.34L / (kg·min); phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder are added at 4% (m / m) according to the dry weight of the materials; the compost composite bacterial solution is a self-made microbial bacterial solution, and the accession amount is 3%;

[0036] 3. In the aerobic composting method, the composting fermentation treatment time ranges from 30 to 40 days, and the pile body temperature ranges from 40 to 70°C. During the composting process, temperature and odor are dually controlled. When the temperature is higher than 70°C or the anaerobic ammonia smell is smelled, the pile should be turned in time, and automatic aeration should be performed every day.

[0037] The present invention is further described below by way of examples.

[0038] Example

[0039] Pea group:

[0040] 1. Example 1: Put the mixed substrate into a flower pot and irrigate with water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly moistened. Sow one seed per hole in the flower pot of the pea group.

[0041] 2. Comparative Example 1-1: Unfertilized garden soil was placed in a flower pot and fully watered to ensure that the substrate was thoroughly moist. One seed was sown in each hole of the flower pot of the pea group.

[0042] 3. Comparative Example 1-2: Place the commercial substrate in a flower pot and irrigate with water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly moist. Sow one seed per hole in the flower pot of the pea group.

[0043] Broad bean group:

[0044] 1. Example 2: Put the mixed substrate into a flower pot and irrigate with water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly moistened. Sow one seed per hole in the flower pot of the broad bean group.

[0045] 2. Comparative Example 2-1: Unfertilized garden soil was placed in a flower pot and fully watered to ensure that the substrate was thoroughly moist. One seed was sown in each hole of the flower pot of the broad bean group.

[0046] 3. Comparative Example 2-2: Place the commercial substrate in a flower pot and irrigate with water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly moist. Sow one seed per hole in the flower pot of the broad bean group.

[0047] Each flower pot of the present invention has 50 holes, each hole has an upper diameter of 4.8 cm, a lower diameter of 2.3 cm, and a depth of 4.8 cm; broad bean and pea seeds are selected to be uniform in size, free of disease, free of mildew, and full and symmetrical in grain, washed, and then soaked in 75% alcohol for 30 seconds to disinfect the surface, the alcohol is poured out, rinsed with pure water for 3 times, and then soaked in 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, stirring continuously during the period to prevent the seeds from floating on the water surface or hanging on the wall, and stirring to make the seeds and The plants were fully in contact with the liquid medicine and washed 3 to 5 times with pure water. When raising seedlings, the flower pots were placed in a constant temperature light incubator and set to a two-stage light mode: in the first stage, the light was turned off for 12 hours and the temperature was set to 20°C to simulate the night environment. In the second stage, 40% light (400 lux) was turned on for 12 hours and the temperature was set to 25°C to simulate the light environment. The flower pots were watered once every other day and sprayed three times a day with a watering can to ensure appropriate humidity in the incubator. All treatment groups were only supplemented with water during the growth period.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the effects on the fresh weight and dry weight of peas are similar between different treatment groups. The fresh weight and dry weight in the Example 1 group are 2.46g and 0.17g, respectively, which are higher than those in the other treatment groups. Although the loose and porous commercial substrate (Comparative Example 1-2) has a certain promoting effect on the root length and stem length of pea seedlings, the root length and stem length are 160.23mm and 107.70mm, respectively, but lower than the root length and stem length of the Example 1 group, which are 183.02mm and 118.60mm, respectively. In the determination of chlorophyll content, it can be seen that the chlorophyll content is ranked as follows: Example 1>Comparative Example 1-2>Comparative Example 1-1.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, there are significant differences in the fresh weight of broad beans between different treatment groups, among which the fresh weight of broad bean seedlings in Example 2 group is the largest, which is 12.80g, significantly higher than other treatment groups (P<0.05); the fresh weight of the comparative example 2-1 group is the smallest, only 3.81g, less than 8.19g of the comparative example 2-2 group; the dry weight of broad bean seedlings in Example 2 group is the largest, which is 0.96g, and the fresh weight of the comparative example 2-1 group is the smallest, only 0.20g, less than 0.57g of the comparative example 2-2 group. In the determination of chlorophyll content, it can be seen that the chlorophyll content is ranked as follows: Example 2>Comparative Example 2-2>Comparative Example 2-1.

[0050] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing compost fermentation products, characterized in that: The steps include: Cow dung and rice straw are mixed to make compost raw materials, and compost compound bacterial solution, phosphate rock powder and potassium feldspar powder are added for aerobic composting.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The C / N ratio of the compost raw material is 35:

1.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the compost raw material is 50% to 70%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water content of the compost raw material is 60%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of the phosphate rock powder is 4% of the dry weight of the compost raw material.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of the potassium feldspar powder is 4% of the dry weight of the compost raw material.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the compost composite bacterial solution introduced is 3% of the dry weight of the compost raw material.

8. A compost fermentation product, characterized in that: The method is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A seedling culture medium, characterized in that: The ingredients include compost, perlite and vermiculite, and the compost is the compost as claimed in claim 8.

10. The seedling raising matrix according to claim 9, characterized in that: The weight percentages of the raw materials are: 20% compost fermentation material, 40% perlite, and 40% vermiculite.

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