Biomass fermentation and extraction equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses biomass fermentation extraction equipment, belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and solves the problems that certain accessibility exists through biogas aeration, but obvious defects exist in the aspect of safety, and the safety coefficient needs to be maintained while an anaerobic environment needs to be maintained in the biomass fermentation process. Comprising a fermentation tank, a fuel gas recovery pipeline communicated with the fermentation tank and a gas concentration adjusting pipeline capable of forming a loop with the fermentation tank, the fuel gas recovery pipeline can be arranged in an on-off mode, the gas concentration adjusting pipeline can be separated from the fermentation tank, and the gas concentration adjusting pipeline can be arranged in an on-off mode. According to the invention, crushed biomass can be put into the fermentation tank, the gas concentration is adjusted through the control module, the oxygen content is reduced, an anaerobic environment is provided, fuel gas is recycled, when methane does not reach the standard, self-circulation aeration is carried out to prevent precipitation and improve the fermentation speed, and if methane reaches the standard, low-methane gas and carbon dioxide are used for cyclic aeration to ensure safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, and in particular to a biomass fermentation and extraction device. Background Art

[0002] Biomass fermentation is a process that converts biomass resources into useful products, including fertilizers and fuels. In terms of fertilizer production, biomass fermentation technology can mix agricultural waste such as straw and river silt with microbial agents and ferment them under anaerobic conditions to produce organic fertilizers rich in organic matter and nutrients. These fertilizers can improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. As for fuel production, biomass fermentation can convert biomass raw materials containing starch or cellulose into fuel gas, such as biogas, which is a renewable clean energy that can be used as a substitute for gasoline and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Biomass fermentation technology not only promotes the recycling of resources, but also helps reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It is a technology with environmental protection and sustainability advantages.

[0003] In the actual biomass fermentation process, animals and plants are crushed and put into the fermentation tank to maintain an anaerobic environment and keep it sealed, so that the fermentation process continues.

[0004] For example, an organic waste two-phase combined anaerobic dry fermentation system with application number CN202111388711.7 has the following technical points: a micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor, which includes a horizontally placed first reaction tank and a spiral propeller agitator arranged in the first reaction tank, an aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the first reaction tank, and the aeration pipe is connected to an external aeration fan; a first discharge port is arranged at the bottom of one end of the first reaction tank, and a feed port is arranged at the top of the end opposite to the first discharge port; a transition reactor is arranged below the micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor, which includes a second reaction tank, and a second reaction tank has a plurality of aeration ports arranged therein; a first discharge port is arranged at the bottom of one end of the first reaction tank, and a feed port is arranged at the top of the end opposite to the first discharge port; a transition reactor is arranged below the micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor, and ... at the bottom of the micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor, and includes a second reaction tank, and a second reaction tank has a plurality of aeration ports arranged therein; a first discharge port is arranged at the bottom of one The first discharge port of the second reaction tank is connected to the second reaction tank, and the second discharge port is provided at the bottom of the second reaction tank; the anaerobic dry fermenter is arranged below the transition reactor, and comprises a horizontally placed third reaction tank and a screw-propulsion stirrer arranged in the third reaction tank; the third reaction tank is connected to the second discharge port of the second reaction tank; the fermented biogas liquid produced in the anaerobic dry fermenter is transported to the interior of the transition reactor for inactivating part of the aerobic bacteria, and the fermented biogas liquid is also used for spraying and flushing the fermented materials in the anaerobic dry fermenter, so that the decomposition products produced by the fermentation are quickly dissolved to avoid inhibiting the activity of anaerobic bacteria.

[0005] The above scheme uses a spiral propulsion agitator to perform intermittent forward and reverse rotation to achieve the effects of stirring and squeezing, which is conducive to the rapid dissolution and migration of VFA in the anaerobic dry fermentation material, avoiding local excessive accumulation and inhibition of anaerobic bacteria. At the same time, the biogas is sprayed for flushing to quickly remove VFA, and the flushing process is also conducive to uniform heat and mass transfer. After the biogas produced by anaerobic dry fermentation is collected, it is aerated from the bottom of the anaerobic dry fermenter to ensure that the third reaction tank is in a relatively ideal anaerobic environment and improve the activity of anaerobic bacteria.

[0006] However, biogas itself is dangerous because it contains methane, a flammable and explosive gas. The collected biogas has a higher purity. When the methane concentration in the pipeline falls within a certain range and encounters a fire source or high temperature, it may cause combustion or explosion. If its purity is high, factors such as airflow, friction and material contact in the pipeline may lead to the accumulation of static electricity. If the static electricity energy reaches a certain level and an instantaneous discharge occurs, it may cause sparks, ignite the biogas in the pipeline, and eventually lead to an explosion.

[0007] Therefore, the above scheme has certain desirability through biogas aeration, but it has obvious defects in safety. It is necessary to maintain the anaerobic environment while maintaining its safety factor during the biomass fermentation process.

[0008] Therefore, a biomass fermentation extraction device is proposed to solve or alleviate the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a biomass fermentation and extraction device.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A biomass fermentation and extraction device, comprising a fermentation tank, a gas recovery pipeline connected to the fermentation tank, and a gas concentration adjustment pipeline that can form a loop with the fermentation tank, the gas recovery pipeline can be set to be on and off, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline can be separated from the fermentation tank, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline can be set to be on and off, the fermentation tank is provided with a methane concentration acquisition module for detecting the methane concentration in the fermentation tank and feeding back a signal, the methane concentration acquisition module is electrically connected to a control module, and the control module is used to control the gas recovery pipeline and the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to be on and off according to the methane concentration in the fermentation tank;

[0012] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank form a loop for the first time, the control module starts timing and controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to replenish the air in the carbon dioxide emission fermentation tank within the timing time;

[0013] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank form a loop and the methane concentration exceeds the standard, the control module controls the gas recovery pipeline to open and controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to add carbon dioxide and aerate to discharge the gas in the fermentation tank;

[0014] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank form a loop, the fuel gas recovery pipeline is blocked and the methane concentration does not reach the standard, the control module controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank to self-circulate and aerate.

[0015] Preferably, the gas recovery pipeline includes an exhaust pipe connected to the fermentation tank, a first solenoid valve and a gas flow collection module connected to the exhaust pipe, an activated carbon adsorption bed connected to the exhaust pipe, an exhaust connecting pipe connected to one end of the activated carbon adsorption bed away from the exhaust pipe, and an air storage bag connected to the exhaust connecting pipe, a first one-way valve connected to the interior of the air storage bag is fixedly connected to the air storage bag, the air storage bag is connected to the exhaust connecting pipe through the first one-way valve, and the first solenoid valve and the gas flow collection module are both coupled to the control module.

[0016] Preferably, the top and bottom surfaces of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feed port and a discharge port, and the feed port and the discharge port are both detachably connected with a cover, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline includes an outlet branch line, an exhaust branch line, a return air aeration branch line, and a carbon dioxide gas supply branch line, one end of the outlet branch line is connected to the return air aeration branch line, and the other end of the outlet branch line is detachably connected to the feed port, the return air aeration branch line is connected to the lower end of the fermentation tank, the outlet branch line, the return air aeration branch line, and the fermentation tank can form a loop, one end of the exhaust branch line is connected to the outlet branch line, the other end of the exhaust branch pipe is connected to the outside, and the exhaust branch line can be turned on and off, the aeration return air branch line can be turned on and off, the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line is connected to the aeration return air branch line, and the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line can be turned on and off.

[0017] Preferably, the air outlet branch line includes an L-shaped and unidirectionally ventilated guide pipe, a connecting flange fixedly connected to the outer ring of one end of the guide pipe and detachably connected to the feed port, an upper three-way joint connected to the other end of the guide pipe, and an upper vertical pipe connected to the upper three-way joint. The exhaust branch line includes an air venting pipe connected to the upper three-way joint and can be switched on and off. The return air aeration branch line includes a lower vertical pipe that can be switched on and off, a lower three-way joint connected to the lower end of the lower vertical pipe, a main pipe connected to the lower three-way joint, an annular pipe connected to the main pipe and sleeved on the outer ring of the fermenter, and a plurality of aeration branch pipes connecting the annular pipes and the fermenter. The aeration branch pipe is set for unidirectional ventilation. A connecting seat is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fermenter. The upper vertical pipe and the lower vertical pipe are connected by a rotating pipe joint. The rotating pipe joint portion connected to the lower vertical pipe is fixedly connected to the connecting seat. The carbon dioxide supply branch line includes a carbon dioxide tank, and an air supply pipe connected to the carbon dioxide tank and the lower three-way joint and can be switched on and off.

[0018] Preferably, the air outlet branch line also includes a second one-way valve, which is connected in the guide pipe. The exhaust branch line also includes a second solenoid valve, which is connected to the vent pipe. The return air aeration branch line also includes a third solenoid valve and a first boosting pump connected to the lower vertical pipe, and a third one-way valve connected in the aeration branch pipe. The carbon dioxide supply branch line also includes a fourth solenoid valve and a second boosting pump connected to the supply pipe. The second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve, the first boosting pump, and the second boosting pump are all coupled to the control module.

[0019] Preferably, the fermentation tank is connected with a feed pipe, the feed pipe is connected with a metering pump and a fifth solenoid valve, the end of the feed pipe away from the fermentation tank is connected with a liquid tank, the liquid tank is filled with a methanogen solution, and the metering pump and the fifth solenoid valve are both coupled to the control module.

[0020] Preferably, an observation window is provided on the top of the fermentation tank, and the fermentation tank further comprises an ultrasonic acquisition module and an image processing module coupled to the output end of the ultrasonic acquisition module. The ultrasonic acquisition module is provided at the observation window, and the input end of the ultrasonic acquisition module is coupled to the control module. When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank form a loop, the gas recovery pipeline is blocked, and the methane concentration does not meet the standard, the control module controls the ultrasonic acquisition module to work, and the output end of the image processing module is coupled to the input end of the control module. The ultrasonic acquisition module is controlled to collect images in the fermentation tank and feed them back to the image processing module. The image processing module recognizes the stratification situation in the fermentation tank according to the image and outputs the result to the control module. After receiving the output result of the image processing module, the control module controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank.

[0021] Preferably, the image processing module identifies the stratification in the fermentation tank according to the image and outputs the result to the control module, including the following steps:

[0022] Receive images transmitted by the ultrasonic acquisition module;

[0023] Perform grayscale processing and denoising on the image to obtain a processed image;

[0024] Perform edge detection on the processed image to highlight the boundaries between different levels;

[0025] Threshold segmentation is performed based on the pixel values ​​of the processed image to preliminarily divide each layer. By analyzing the distribution of gray values, it is determined whether different layers can be clearly distinguished.

[0026] The foam layer is detected by local texture analysis of the processed image;

[0027] The gray value gradient between different layers in the image is calculated. The gray value difference between each layer is obvious, indicating that the layers are clearly separated.

[0028] Use contour metrics to assess whether there are multiple distinct region separations in the processed image;

[0029] The analysis results and information of the previous steps are used to determine whether stratification recognition can be performed, and the output results are clear stratification or unclear stratification;

[0030] If the output result is a clear stratification, the control module controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank, otherwise, it does not control.

[0031] Preferably, the image processing module identifies the stratification in the fermentation tank according to the image and outputs the result to the control module, and further comprises the following steps:

[0032] Determine that the control module controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank to self-circulate and aerate for a certain period of time;

[0033] The ultrasonic acquisition module is used to collect the stratification situation in the fermentation tank again and the secondary image is fed back to the image processing module;

[0034] The image processing module recognizes the secondary image and outputs the result as clear stratification or unclear stratification. If the output result is clear stratification, the control module controls the first boosting pump to pressurize, otherwise, it maintains the original state.

[0035] Preferably, it also includes a display module, which is coupled to the control module, the display module includes a display, the control module includes a controller, the methane concentration acquisition module includes a methane sensor, the gas flow acquisition module includes a gas flow sensor, the ultrasonic acquisition module includes an ultrasonic imager, and the image processing module includes a processor.

[0036] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] In practical application, the present invention can put the crushed biomass into a fermentation tank, and ensure that the gas concentration adjustment pipeline forms a loop with the fermentation tank. The control module can adjust the gas concentration adjustment pipeline, supplement carbon dioxide and discharge the air in the fermentation tank, reduce the oxygen content, mainly use carbon dioxide, create a suitable anaerobic environment, promote biomass fermentation, and the gas generated during the fermentation process is recovered through the gas recovery pipeline; if the methane concentration in the fermentation tank does not meet the standard, the control module will start the gas self-circulation aeration, fully stir the biomass, prevent precipitation, and maintain the fermentation efficiency; after the methane concentration meets the standard, the gas recovery pipeline will be started to reduce the methane content, and then the gas with low methane content and the supplemented carbon dioxide will be used for cyclic aeration, which not only keeps the biomass stirring, but also avoids the risk of explosion in gas transportation, thereby enhancing safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of the control module, image processing module, ultrasonic acquisition module, oxygen concentration acquisition module, and gas flow acquisition module in the present invention.

[0041] 1. Fermentation tank; 2. Exhaust pipe; 3. First solenoid valve; 4. Gas flow acquisition module; 5. Activated carbon adsorption bed; 6. Exhaust connecting pipe; 7. First one-way valve; 8. Air storage bag; 9. Observation window; 10. Methane concentration acquisition module; 11. Feeding pipe; 12. Fifth solenoid valve; 13. Metering pump; 14. Liquid tank; 15. Feed inlet; 16. Connection flange; 17. Guide pipe; 18. Second one-way valve; 19. Upper three-way connector; 20. Vent pipe; 21. Second solenoid valve; 22. Upper vertical pipe; 23. Connecting seat; 24. Rotating pipe joint; 25. Lower vertical pipe; 26. Third solenoid valve; 27. First booster pump; 28. Lower three-way joint; 29. ​​Air supply pipe; 30. Second booster pump; 31. Fourth solenoid valve; 32. Carbon dioxide tank; 33. Main pipe; 34. Ring pipe; 35. Aeration branch pipe; 36. Discharge port; 37. Control module; 38. Ultrasonic acquisition module; 39. Image processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0043] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are merely used for distinguishing descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] A biomass fermentation extraction device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a fermentation tank 1, a gas recovery pipeline connected to the fermentation tank 1, and a gas concentration adjustment pipeline that can form a loop with the fermentation tank 1, the gas recovery pipeline can be set to be on and off, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline can be separated from the fermentation tank 1, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline can be set to be on and off, and the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a methane concentration acquisition module 10 for detecting the methane concentration in the fermentation tank 1 and feeding back a signal, and the methane concentration acquisition module 10 is electrically connected to a control module 37, and the control module 37 is used to control the gas recovery pipeline and the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to be on and off according to the methane concentration in the fermentation tank 1;

[0049] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank 1 form a loop for the first time, the control module 37 starts timing and controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to add carbon dioxide to the air in the fermentation tank 1 within the timing time;

[0050] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank 1 form a loop and the methane concentration exceeds the standard, the control module 37 controls the gas recovery pipeline to open and controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to add carbon dioxide and aerate to discharge the gas in the fermentation tank 1;

[0051] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank 1 form a loop, the fuel gas recovery pipeline is blocked and the methane concentration does not reach the standard, the control module 37 controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank 1 to self-circulate and aerate.

[0052] In the actual application process of the present invention, the crushed biomass can be put into the fermentation tank 1, and it is ensured that the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank 1 form a loop. At this time, the gas recovery pipeline is blocked, and the control module 37 can control the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to add carbon dioxide to the air in the exhaust fermentation tank 1, so that the oxygen content in the fermentation tank 1 is reduced. The fermentation tank 1 is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, which provides a good anaerobic environment for biomass fermentation, so that the generated gas can be recovered through the gas recovery pipeline. In the process, when the methane concentration in the fermentation tank 1 does not meet the standard, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank 1 can be controlled to self-circulate and aerate, so that The biomass in the fermentation tank 1 can be fully stirred, the fermentation liquid can be mixed with the biomass that has not been fermented, the biomass will not precipitate and reduce the fermentation speed, and can also fully contact the fermentation liquid, thereby accelerating its fermentation efficiency. In addition, during use of the present invention, when the methane concentration in the fermentation tank 1 reaches the standard, the gas recovery pipeline can be opened to recover the gas and allow it to leave. The carbon dioxide added is used for cyclic aeration, and while accelerating the gas leaving, the anaerobic environment in the fermentation tank 1 is continued to be maintained to ensure that the biomass is fully fermented. At the same time, the methane content in the fermentation tank 1 is also reduced, so that the stirring of the biomass can be taken into account while avoiding the problem of gas transportation explosion, and has better safety performance.

[0053] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the gas recovery pipeline includes an exhaust pipe 2 connected to the fermentation tank 1, a first solenoid valve 3 and a gas flow collection module 4 connected to the exhaust pipe 2, an activated carbon adsorption bed 5 connected to the exhaust pipe 2, an exhaust connecting pipe 6 connected to the end of the activated carbon adsorption bed 5 away from the exhaust pipe 2, and an air storage bag 8 connected to the exhaust connecting pipe 6, a first one-way valve 7 connected to the interior of the air storage bag 8 is fixedly connected to the air storage bag 8, the air storage bag 8 is connected to the exhaust connecting pipe 6 through the first one-way valve 7, and the first solenoid valve 3 and the gas flow collection module 4 are both coupled to the control module 37.

[0054] When the gas recovery pipeline is working, the gas can pass through the activated carbon adsorption bed 5 through the exhaust pipe 2 and then enter the gas storage bag 8 for storage. The setting of the first one-way valve 7 prevents the gas from leaving the gas storage bag 8 after entering it, thereby avoiding the problem of gas leakage. Since a large amount of carbon dioxide will be added to the gas in the fermentation tank 1 at the beginning, it can ensure that even if the methane content increases, it can be suppressed by a large amount of carbon dioxide. Then, after the gas passes through the activated carbon adsorption bed 5, the activated carbon adsorption bed 5 can adsorb the carbon dioxide in the gas, thereby reducing the carbon dioxide content in the gas entering the gas storage bag 8, reducing the subsequent processing steps for the collected gas. The gas flow acquisition module 4 can detect and feedback the flow of the gas. If the control module 37 needs to control the on and off of the gas recovery pipeline, it only needs to control the opening of the first solenoid valve 3, which is more convenient.

[0055] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the top and bottom surfaces of the fermentation tank 1 are respectively provided with a feed inlet 15 and a discharge port 36, and the feed inlet 15 and the discharge port 36 are both detachably connected with covers, and the gas concentration adjustment pipeline includes an outlet branch line, an exhaust branch line, a return air aeration branch line, and a carbon dioxide gas supply branch line, one end of the outlet branch line is connected to the return air aeration branch line, and the other end of the outlet branch line is detachably connected to the feed inlet 15, the return air aeration branch line is connected to the lower end of the fermentation tank 1, the outlet branch line, the return air aeration branch line, and the fermentation tank 1 can form a loop, one end of the exhaust branch line is connected to the outlet branch line, the other end of the exhaust branch pipe is connected to the outside, and the exhaust branch line can be turned on and off, the aeration return air branch line can be turned on and off, the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line is connected to the aeration return air branch line, and the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line can be turned on and off.

[0056] When the biomass in the fermentation tank 1 needs to be discharged after the fermentation is completed, it is only necessary to open the cover so that the cover no longer seals the discharge port 36, so that the solid and liquid remaining after the biomass fermentation can be discharged through the discharge port 36. At the same time, the opening of the cover also allows people to put the crushed biomass into the fermentation tank 1 through the feed port 15;

[0057] When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline needs to form a loop with the fermentation tube, only the outlet branch line, the return air aeration branch line and the fermentation tank 1 need to form a loop and keep them unobstructed, and the exhaust branch line and the carbon dioxide supply branch line need to remain blocked. If the air in the fermentation tank 1 needs to be discharged, the exhaust branch line and the carbon dioxide supply branch line are also opened, and the carbon dioxide supply branch line replenishes carbon dioxide into the fermentation tank 1, and then squeezes the air in the fermentation tank 1 to be discharged through the outlet branch line and the exhaust branch line in sequence.

[0058] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the outlet branch line includes an L-shaped one-way ventilating guide pipe 17, a connecting flange 16 fixedly connected to the outer ring of one end of the guide pipe 17 and detachably connected to the feed port 15, an upper three-way joint 19 connected to the other end of the guide pipe 17, and an upper vertical pipe 22 connected to the upper three-way joint 19, the exhaust branch line includes a venting pipe 20 connected to the upper three-way joint 19 and can be switched on and off, and the return air aeration branch line includes a lower vertical pipe 25 that can be switched on and off, a lower three-way joint 28 connected to the lower end of the lower vertical pipe 25, and a main pipe 33 connected to the lower three-way joint 28. , an annular pipe 34 connected to the main pipe 33 and sleeved on the outer circle of the fermentation tank 1, and a plurality of aeration branch pipes 35 connecting the annular pipe 34 and the fermentation tank 1, the aeration branch pipe 35 is set for one-way ventilation, a connecting seat 23 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fermentation tank 1, the upper vertical pipe 22 and the lower vertical pipe 25 are connected by a rotating pipe joint 24, and the rotating pipe joint 24 connected to the lower vertical pipe 25 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 23, and the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line includes a carbon dioxide gas tank 32, and a gas supply pipe 29 connected to the carbon dioxide gas tank 32 and the lower three-way joint 28 and can be opened and closed.

[0059] The gas concentration adjustment pipeline is disconnected from the fermentation tank 1, that is, the two can be connected or separated. Specifically, the upper vertical pipe 22 can be rotated relative to the lower vertical pipe 25 by the rotating pipe joint 24 manually by the operator. Since the lower vertical pipe 25 is fixed and cannot be rotated, the end of the rotating pipe joint 24 connected to the lower vertical pipe 25 is fixed to the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 by the connecting seat 23. Therefore, when the upper vertical pipe 22 rotates, the guide pipe 17 and the vent pipe 20 are driven to rotate together through the upper three-way joint 19. The rotation of the guide pipe 17 can drive the connecting flange 16 to deflect and displace in the horizontal direction. If the gas concentration adjustment pipeline needs to be connected to the fermentation tank 1, the connection between the connecting flange 16 and the feed port 15 is completed by bolts. On the contrary, if it is necessary to keep the disconnected state, it is only necessary to connect the connecting flange 16 and the feed port 15 with the contact bolts. In this way, the gas concentration adjustment pipeline only needs to be connected and disconnected with the feed port 15, and no new opening is required.

[0060] At the same time, when the air in the fermentation tank 1 is discharged, the carbon dioxide is added into the carbon dioxide tank 32, and enters the fermentation tank 1 through the air supply pipe 29, the lower three-way joint 28, the main pipe 33, the ring pipe 34, and the aeration branch pipe 35 in order, so as to aerate and mix the biomass in the fermentation tank 1, and then the carbon dioxide will leave the biomass and continue to increase, and then the air in the fermentation tank 1 is discharged through the guide pipe 17, the upper three-way joint 19, and the vent pipe 20 in order;

[0061] When internal gas self-circulation is required, the vent pipe 20 and the air supply pipe 29 are blocked, and the gas is allowed to circulate in the order of the fermentation tank 1, the guide pipe 17, the upper three-way joint 19, the upper vertical pipe 22, the rotating pipe joint 24, the lower vertical pipe 25, the lower three-way joint 28, the main pipe 33, the ring pipe 34, the aeration branch pipe 35, and the fermentation tank 1.

[0062] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the outlet branch line also includes a second one-way valve 18, which is connected to the guide pipe 17, the exhaust branch line also includes a second solenoid valve 21, which is connected to the vent pipe 20, the return air aeration branch line also includes a third solenoid valve 26 and a first booster pump 27 connected to the lower vertical pipe 25, and a third one-way valve connected to the aeration branch pipe 35, and the carbon dioxide supply branch line also includes a fourth solenoid valve 31 and a second booster pump 30 connected to the supply pipe 29, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the second solenoid valve 21 , the third solenoid valve 26 , the fourth solenoid valve 31 , the first boost pump 27 , and the second boost pump 30 are all coupled to the control module 37 .

[0063] By setting the second solenoid valve 21, the third solenoid valve 26, and the fourth solenoid valve 31, the pipeline can be opened and closed under the control of the control module 37 for the second solenoid valve 21, the third solenoid valve 26, and the fourth solenoid valve 31, and the setting of the first boosting pump 27 and the second boosting pump 30 allows the gas to be guided in the flow direction when it flows.

[0064] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, the fermentation tank 1 is connected to a feed pipe 11, and the feed pipe 11 is connected to a metering pump 13 and a fifth solenoid valve 12. The end of the feed pipe 11 away from the fermentation tank 1 is connected to a liquid tank 14, and the liquid tank 14 is filled with a methanogen solution. Figure 2 As shown, the metering pump 13 and the fifth solenoid valve 12 are both coupled to the control module 37 .

[0065] By providing the liquid tank 14 , after the fermentation tank 1 is aerated, if the fermentation speed of the biomass in the fermentation tank 1 is still slow, the methanogen solution can be added to accelerate the fermentation of the biomass.

[0066] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, an observation window 9 is provided on the top of the fermentation tank 1. Figure 2As shown, it also includes an ultrasonic acquisition module 38 and an image processing module 39 coupled to the output end of the ultrasonic acquisition module 38. The ultrasonic acquisition module 38 is arranged at the observation window 9. The input end of the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 is coupled to the control module 37. When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank 1 form a loop, the gas recovery pipeline is blocked and the methane concentration does not meet the standard, the control module 37 controls the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 to work. The output end of the image processing module 39 is coupled to the input end of the control module 37. The ultrasonic acquisition module 38 is controlled to collect the image in the fermentation tank 1 and feed it back to the image processing module 39. The image processing module 39 recognizes the stratification situation in the fermentation tank 1 according to the image and outputs the result to the control module 37. After receiving the output result of the image processing module 39, the control module 37 controls whether to control the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank 1.

[0067] Through the ultrasonic acquisition module 38, the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 can detect the stratification of the biomass in the fermentation tank 1 and generate an image to be transmitted to the image processing module 39. The image processing module 39 recognizes the image content from the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 to determine whether the biomass in the image is obviously stratified. If the stratification is not obvious, there is no need for the control module 37 to control the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank 1. Otherwise, self-circulating aeration is required. The operation of the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 is based on the condition that the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank 1 form a loop, the gas recovery pipeline is blocked, and the methane concentration does not meet the standard. This means that the carbon dioxide replenishment work has been completed in the fermentation tank 1, and a certain good anaerobic environment is maintained in the fermentation tank 1. However, the biomass fermentation speed is still average at this time, and it can be triggered according to the accurate situation to avoid the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 from working frequently.

[0068] Preferably, the image processing module 39 identifies the stratification in the fermentation tank 1 according to the image and outputs the result to the control module 37, including the following steps:

[0069] Receiving images transmitted by the ultrasonic acquisition module 38;

[0070] Grayscale the image gray ( x,y ) =0.2989·I R ( x,y ) +0.5870·I G (x,y)+0.1140·I B (x,y) and denoising Get the processed image, where I R ,IG , and I B are the red, green and blue channel values ​​of the image, G(i,j) is the Gaussian kernel function, and k is the size of the filter;

[0071] Perform edge detection on the processed image to highlight the boundaries between the layers. Specifically, use the Sobel operator to perform edge detection and detect the dividing lines between the layers.

[0072]

[0073] According to the pixel value of the processed image, the threshold segmentation is performed to preliminarily divide each layer. By analyzing the distribution of gray values, it is determined whether different layers can be clearly distinguished. Multiple thresholds T are set. 1 and T 2 :

[0074] The foam layer is detected by local texture analysis of the processed image. The specific local texture analysis includes gray level co-occurrence matrix GLCM to evaluate the texture characteristics of the processed image.

[0075] Calculate the gray value change gradient between different layers in the image. The gray value difference between each layer is obvious, indicating that the layer separation is clear. Specifically, by calculating the gradient value of adjacent pixels in the processed image, evaluate whether the separation between layers is obvious, ΔI gray (x,y)=|I gray (x,y)-I gray (x+1,y)|+|I gray (x,y)-I gray (x,y+1)|;

[0076] Use contour metrics to evaluate whether there are multiple obvious region separations in the processed image. If the regions at different levels in the image can be well separated and have obvious physical feature differences, the image can be considered to have good hierarchical identifiability. Contour detection can be achieved by calculating the circumscribed boundaries of the region. layer ={ ( x,y ) ∣I gray ( x,y ) ≥Tand is part of a contiguous region}, where T is the threshold that determines whether it is a hierarchical region;

[0077] The analysis results and information of the previous steps determine whether layered recognition is possible, and the output result is clear stratification or unclear stratification. If the grayscale difference and texture features between layers are obvious and clear, and the segmentation result is accurate (that is, the layers are well separated), the output is "clear stratification". If the grayscale difference between layers is not obvious, or the boundaries between layers are blurred, the output is "unclear stratification".

[0078] Through the above method steps, the image can further eliminate the influence of color on it, so that in the process of edge detection, the image processing module 39 can more easily find the dividing lines between the various levels in the processed image, and at the same time, the threshold segmentation, texture analysis, inter-layer gradient change analysis, and layer separability measurement methods are set to determine the stratification of the biomass in the fermentation tank 1. Finally, it is comprehensively judged whether the image processing module 39 can identify the stratification according to the image feedback from the ultrasonic acquisition module 38, and whether the biomass in the fermentation tank 1 is stratified to determine whether the biomass is precipitated in the fermentation tank 1. If it is precipitated, it means that the control module 37 needs to control the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank 1. Otherwise, it means that the biomass has not precipitated in the fermentation tank 1, and the unfermented solid biomass still maintains a state of full contact with the fermentation liquid. At this time, the biomass ferments in time and no aeration is required.

[0079] Preferably, the image processing module 39 identifies the stratification in the fermentation tank 1 according to the image and outputs the result to the control module 37, and further includes the following steps:

[0080] Determine that the control module 37 controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank 1 to self-circulate and aerate for a certain period of time;

[0081] The ultrasonic acquisition module 38 is used to collect the stratification situation in the fermentation tank 1 again and feeds back a secondary image to the image processing module 39;

[0082] The image processing module 39 recognizes the secondary image and outputs the result as clear stratification or unclear stratification. If the output result is clear stratification, the control module 37 controls the first boosting pump 27 to pressurize, otherwise, it maintains the original state.

[0083] After the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 generates an image for detecting the biomass in the fermentation tank 1 and feeds it back to the image processing module 39, the image processing module 39 determines that biomass precipitation has occurred in the fermentation tank 1 at this time, then the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank 1 will be controlled, and the first booster pump 27 maintains a certain pressure when guiding the gas flow, but there is also insufficient air pressure, and all biomass cannot be aerated and stirred during gas aeration. Therefore, the above method steps are set so that after a certain period of time, the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 collects the stratification situation in the fermentation tank 1 and feeds back a secondary image to the image processing module 39. The secondary image is processed in the image processing module 39 as the image initially collected by the ultrasonic acquisition module 38. It is determined that the secondary image recognition can identify the stratification situation. If the output result is clear stratification, the control module 37 controls the first booster pump 27 to pressurize, so that the gas can aerate the biomass in the fermentation tank 1 with a larger air pressure and a higher head, so that the biomass is fully aerated and stirred, and the situation that the effect is still poor after aeration is avoided.

[0084] Preferably, it also includes a display module, which is coupled to the control module 37. The display module includes a display, the control module 37 includes a controller, the methane concentration acquisition module 10 includes a methane sensor, the gas flow acquisition module 4 includes a gas flow sensor, the ultrasonic acquisition module 38 includes an ultrasonic imager, and the image processing module 39 includes a processor.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass fermentation and extraction device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fermentation tank (1), a gas recovery pipeline connected to the fermentation tank (1), and a gas concentration adjustment pipeline which can form a loop with the fermentation tank (1); the gas recovery pipeline can be set to be on and off; the gas concentration adjustment pipeline can be separated from the fermentation tank (1); the gas concentration adjustment pipeline can be set to be on and off; the fermentation tank (1) is provided with a methane concentration acquisition module (10) for detecting the methane concentration in the fermentation tank (1) and feeding back a signal; the methane concentration acquisition module (10) is electrically connected to a control module (37); the control module (37) is used to control the on and off of the gas recovery pipeline and the gas concentration adjustment pipeline according to the methane concentration in the fermentation tank (1); When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank (1) form a loop for the first time, the control module (37) starts timing and controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to replenish the air in the carbon dioxide emission fermentation tank (1) within the timing time; When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank (1) form a loop and the methane concentration exceeds the standard, the control module (37) controls the gas recovery pipeline to open and controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline to add carbon dioxide and aerate to discharge the gas in the fermentation tank (1); When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank (1) form a loop, the fuel gas recovery pipeline is blocked and the methane concentration does not reach the standard, the control module (37) controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank (1) to self-circulate and aerate the gas.

2. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas recovery pipeline comprises an exhaust pipe (2) connected to the fermentation tank (1), a first solenoid valve (3) and a gas flow collection module (4) connected to the exhaust pipe (2), an activated carbon adsorption bed (5) connected to the exhaust pipe (2), an exhaust connecting pipe (6) connected to an end of the activated carbon adsorption bed (5) away from the exhaust pipe (2), and an air storage bag (8) connected to the exhaust connecting pipe (6), wherein a first one-way valve (7) connected to the interior of the air storage bag (8) is fixedly connected to the air storage bag (8), and the air storage bag (8) is connected to the exhaust connecting pipe (6) via the first one-way valve (7), and the first solenoid valve (3) and the gas flow collection module (4) are both coupled to a control module (37).

3. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top and bottom surfaces of the fermentation tank (1) are respectively provided with a feed inlet (15) and a discharge port (36), and both the feed inlet (15) and the discharge port (36) are detachably connected with a cover. The gas concentration adjustment pipeline comprises an outlet branch line, an exhaust branch line, a return air aeration branch line, and a carbon dioxide gas supply branch line. One end of the outlet branch line is connected to the return air aeration branch line, and the other end of the outlet branch line is detachably connected to the feed inlet (15). The return air aeration branch line is connected to the lower end of the fermentation tank (1). The outlet branch line, the return air aeration branch line, and the fermentation tank (1) can form a loop. One end of the exhaust branch line is connected to the outlet branch line, and the other end of the exhaust branch line is connected to the outside, and the exhaust branch line can be turned on and off. The aeration return air branch line can be turned on and off. The carbon dioxide gas supply branch line is connected to the aeration return air branch line, and the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line can be turned on and off.

4. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outlet branch line comprises an L-shaped one-way ventilating guide pipe (17), a connecting flange (16) fixedly connected to the outer ring of one end of the guide pipe (17) and detachably connected to the feed port (15), an upper three-way joint (19) connected to the other end of the guide pipe (17), and an upper vertical pipe (22) connected to the upper three-way joint (19); the exhaust branch line comprises an air release pipe (20) connected to the upper three-way joint (19) and capable of being switched on and off; the return air aeration branch line comprises a lower vertical pipe (25) capable of being switched on and off, a lower three-way joint (28) connected to the lower end of the lower vertical pipe (25), a main pipe (33) connected to the lower three-way joint (28), and a main pipe (33) connected to the main pipe (33). A ring pipe (34) connected to and sleeved on the outer ring of the fermentation tank (1), and a plurality of aeration branches (35) connecting the ring pipe (34) and the fermentation tank (1), wherein the aeration branch pipe (35) is arranged for one-way ventilation, a connection seat (23) is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fermentation tank (1), the upper vertical pipe (22) and the lower vertical pipe (25) are connected through a rotating pipe joint (24), and the portion of the rotating pipe joint (24) connected to the lower vertical pipe (25) is fixedly connected to the connection seat (23), and the carbon dioxide gas supply branch line comprises a carbon dioxide gas tank (32), and a gas supply pipe (29) connected to the carbon dioxide gas tank (32) and the lower three-way joint (28) and arranged to be openable and detachable.

5. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air outlet branch line further comprises a second one-way valve (18), which is connected to the guide pipe (17); the air exhaust branch line further comprises a second solenoid valve (21), which is connected to the vent pipe (20); the air return aeration branch line further comprises a third solenoid valve (26) and a first booster pump (27) connected to the lower vertical pipe (25), and a third one-way valve connected to the aeration branch pipe (35); the carbon dioxide supply branch line further comprises a fourth solenoid valve (31) and a second booster pump (30) connected to the supply pipe (29); the second solenoid valve (21), the third solenoid valve (26), the fourth solenoid valve (31), the first booster pump (27), and the second booster pump (30) are all coupled to a control module (37).

6. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank (1) is connected to a feed pipe (11), and the feed pipe (11) is connected to a metering pump (13) and a fifth solenoid valve (12). One end of the feed pipe (11) away from the fermentation tank (1) is connected to a liquid tank (14), and the liquid tank (14) is filled with a methanogen solution. The metering pump (13) and the fifth solenoid valve (12) are both coupled to a control module (37).

7. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank (1) is provided with an observation window (9) at the top, and further comprises an ultrasonic acquisition module (38) and an image processing module (39) coupled to the output end of the ultrasonic acquisition module (38). The ultrasonic acquisition module (38) is provided at the observation window (9), and the input end of the ultrasonic acquisition module (38) is coupled to the control module (37). When the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the fermentation tank (1) form a loop, the gas recovery pipeline is blocked, and the methane concentration does not reach the standard, the control module (37) controls the ultrasonic acquisition module ( 38), the output end of the image processing module (39) is coupled to the input end of the control module (37), the ultrasonic acquisition module (38) is controlled to acquire images in the fermentation tank (1) and feed them back to the image processing module (39), the image processing module (39) identifies the stratification situation in the fermentation tank (1) according to the image and outputs the result to the control module (37), and the control module (37) controls whether to control the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the self-circulating aeration of the gas in the fermentation tank (1) after receiving the output result of the image processing module (39).

8. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The image processing module (39) identifies the stratification situation in the fermentation tank (1) based on the image and outputs the result to the control module (37), comprising the following steps: Receiving images transmitted by the ultrasonic acquisition module (38); Perform grayscale processing and denoising on the image to obtain a processed image; Perform edge detection on the processed image to highlight the boundaries between different levels; Threshold segmentation is performed based on the pixel values ​​of the processed image to preliminarily divide each layer. By analyzing the distribution of gray values, it is determined whether different layers can be clearly distinguished. The foam layer is detected by local texture analysis of the processed image; The gray value gradient between different layers in the image is calculated. The gray value difference between each layer is obvious, indicating that the layers are clearly separated. Use contour metrics to assess whether there are multiple distinct region separations in the processed image; The analysis results and information of the previous steps are used to determine whether stratification recognition can be performed, and the output results are clear stratification or unclear stratification; If the output result is clear stratification, the control module (37) controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank (1) to self-circulate and aerate; otherwise, no control is performed.

9. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The image processing module (39) identifies the stratification situation in the fermentation tank (1) based on the image and outputs the result to the control module (37), and also includes the following steps: Determine that the control module (37) controls the gas concentration adjustment pipeline and the gas in the fermentation tank (1) to self-circulate and aerate for a certain period of time; The stratification situation in the fermentation tank (1) is collected again by the ultrasonic collection module (38) and a secondary image is fed back to the image processing module (39); The image processing module (39) recognizes the secondary image and outputs the result as clear stratification or unclear stratification. If the output result is clear stratification, the control module (37) controls the first booster pump (27) to increase the pressure, otherwise, it maintains the original state.

10. The biomass fermentation and extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a display module, the display module is coupled to the control module (37), the display module includes a display, the control module (37) includes a controller, the methane concentration acquisition module (10) includes a methane sensor, the gas flow acquisition module (4) includes a gas flow sensor, the ultrasonic acquisition module (38) includes an ultrasonic imager, and the image processing module (39) includes a processor.

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