Bridge expansion joint and bridge deck asphalt concrete continuous structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge expansion joint and a bridge deck asphalt concrete continuous structure, the bridge expansion joint comprises a first module unit, a second module unit and a third module unit, the first module unit, the second module unit and the third module unit form an expansion space below a bridge deck asphalt concrete surface layer, and a deformation function is completed; the second connecting part of the second module unit extends into the cavity of the first connecting part of the first module unit, and radial and axial moving spaces are formed in the cavity, so that free extension and retraction are realized; and the third module unit is arranged above the second module unit and the bridge deck pavement layer. Instantaneous deformation superposition at the position of the expansion joint is effectively solved through sliding between the third module unit plates, the bearing capacity of an expansion joint installation area is greatly improved, and concrete continuity of a bridge deck is supported. After the telescopic device is used, broken joints and gaps do not appear on the whole traffic lane any more, and the using effects of driving comfort, no noise and durability are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of infrastructure, in particular to a telescopic device and a bridge deck asphalt concrete surface layer suitable for highways and urban road bridges. Background Art

[0002] Bridge expansion joints refer to expansion devices installed between the two beam ends, between the beam ends and the abutments, or at the hinged position of the bridge to meet the requirements of bridge deck deformation. The expansion joint must be able to freely expand and contract in both directions parallel and perpendicular to the bridge axis, be firm and reliable, and should be smooth, without sudden jumps and noise when vehicles pass through; it should be able to prevent rainwater and garbage and soil from infiltrating and blocking; and it should be easy and convenient to install, inspect, maintain, and remove dirt. The function of bridge expansion joints is to adjust the displacement and connection between the superstructures caused by vehicle loads and the temperature change effect of bridge construction materials. The expansion joint is the weakest and most easily damaged component in the bridge structure.

[0003] The current expansion joints of bridges are of three types: butt joints (including embedded and plugged), rubber joints, and steel joints (including steel comb plates and steel folded plates). During the construction and installation stage, the process is complicated. Generally, the process is to go back and install the expansion joints after the construction of the bridge deck pavement layer and the asphalt concrete surface layer is completed, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The required concrete volume is small and mostly steel fiber concrete, and the mixing and pouring quality is difficult to control. In addition, the construction site is small, and many components need to be installed. Large machines such as pavers and rollers cannot be used, which affects the construction progress, flatness and construction quality. During the traffic use stage, since there are tens of centimeters of steel fiber concrete rigid pavement on both sides of the expansion joint, and the rest of the roadway is mostly asphalt concrete flexible pavement, and the reserved expansion width is completely exposed on the surface of the roadway, the joint width will be wider in winter, and it is difficult to avoid vehicle jumping and impact noise, especially on highways, first-class highways and urban expressways, when the driving speed is fast, the comfort is greatly reduced. During daily maintenance, traditional expansion joints are the weakest part of the bridge, which is prone to concrete cracking, steel desoldering, hollowing and deformation, and other defects, posing a safety hazard. Exposed gaps are easily clogged with debris, making them difficult and unsafe to clean. The rubber components of traditional expansion joints are prone to aging and failure, serious water leakage, and difficult to replace. During maintenance, it is necessary to close traffic, remove concrete, repair or replace expansion joint components, and re-pour concrete for curing. The process is complicated and time-consuming, and safety management is difficult.

[0004] These defects of the existing expansion joints seriously affect the requirements of driving comfort. The noise generated by expansion joints is the main noise source on highways and urban roads, which seriously affects the production and life of people along the highways and urban residents, and the number of complaints from the masses remains high. The existing expansion joints also have shortcomings such as short service life, high maintenance frequency, and excessive tire wear, which greatly increases the travel cost of the entire society.

[0005] In order to solve these problems to the greatest extent, the inventor, after years of practical exploration, has proposed an invention idea for a new type of invisible, noiseless, permanent bridge expansion joint, and plans to develop alternative products to gradually replace the current expansion joints of bridges on expressways, first-class highways and urban roads, eliminate the shortcomings and chronic diseases of the current expansion joints, and contribute to the construction of a strong transportation country.

[0006] After many years of work experience and information retrieval by the inventor, there are no products or patents similar to the present invention. Several patent information related to seamless expansion joints were retrieved, which are very different from the present invention in deformation principle and design structure. For example, someone proposed a seamless expansion device for bridges, which is to set a stiffening plate and two corrugated expansion plates under the asphalt concrete surface layer. There are many components to be installed, the bearing capacity and deformation are uncertain, the durability is questionable, and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer is squeezed, and the asphalt surface layer cannot be paved and formed in one time. Someone else proposed a seamless expansion device for bridges, which is to embed fixed parts and movable parts in the expansion joint installation area, connect them through multiple U-shaped connectors, and then fill them with elastic materials to achieve seamlessness. This device has many embedded parts, the surface layer cannot be mechanically paved and compacted, the quality control is difficult, the working performance of the filling material and the bridge deck asphalt concrete is different, which is easy to cause driving discomfort, and the embedded parts are easily damaged under the repeated load of the wheels. There is no practical product information for these devices. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bridge expansion and bridge deck asphalt concrete continuous structure, which completely solves the current expansion joint problems such as vehicle jumping, noise, easy damage, and difficult maintenance, improves driving comfort, reduces noise generation, and reduces maintenance difficulty and maintenance cost.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The present invention first provides a bridge expansion joint, comprising a first module unit, a second module unit and a third module unit, wherein the first module unit, the second module unit and the third module unit form an expansion space below the asphalt concrete surface layer of the bridge deck to complete the deformation function; The first module unit is arranged in the bridge deck pavement or the abutment slab concrete on both sides of the expansion joint, and the first module unit has a first connecting portion, and the first connecting portion forms a cavity on both sides of the expansion joint; The second module unit forms two second connecting parts on both sides of the expansion joint, and the second connecting parts extend into the cavity of the first connecting part of the first module unit, and have radial and axial movable spaces in the cavity to achieve free expansion and contraction; the second module unit forms two first supporting parts upward to support the load transmitted by the third module unit; The third module unit includes a lower covering plate, a middle bearing plate and an upper covering plate, which are arranged above the second module unit and the bridge deck pavement layer; one lower covering plate is arranged on the upper surface of the bridge deck pavement layer on both sides of the expansion joint; the middle bearing plate is arranged above the lower covering plate, and the middle bearing plate has a free end extending out of the end surface of the bridge deck pavement layer; the upper covering plate is overlapped above the middle bearing plates on both sides; the two first supporting parts of the second module unit are supported on the free ends of the two middle bearing plates.

[0009] The second module unit also has a second supporting portion, which is located between the two first supporting portions and supported below the upper cover plate.

[0010] The second module unit includes a first connecting member, a second connecting member and a third connecting member; the second connecting part is located at both ends of the first connecting member; two first supporting parts are located on the second connecting member, and the second supporting part is located on the third connecting member, and the bearing force exerted on the second connecting member and the third connecting member is transmitted to the first connecting member.

[0011] The first connecting member is a connecting rod; the cavity provides free space for radial and axial movement of the connecting rod; both ends of the connecting rod are first connecting parts, and the end of the connecting rod is located in the cavity of the first connecting part.

[0012] The second connecting member is a cross beam; the third connecting member is a column supporting plate.

[0013] A limiting hole is arranged on the bottom plate of the cross beam; an opening is arranged at a position near the lower end of the column support plate for the first connecting member to pass through; the column support plate passes through the limiting hole to form a whole of the second module unit.

[0014] The first module unit includes: The front wall panel is arranged on the end surfaces of the bridge deck pavement layer on both sides of the expansion joint; the first connecting portion for connecting the second module unit is arranged on the front wall panel.

[0015] The first module unit also includes: The sleeve is arranged on the connection part of the front wall plate; the sleeve extends into the bridge deck pavement layer on both sides of the expansion joint to form a cavity.

[0016] The first connection portion of the front wall plate is a connection hole; the second module unit is inserted into the connection hole.

[0017] The third module unit further includes a slide plate, which is arranged between the lower cover plate and the middle support plate.

[0018] The present invention also provides a bridge deck asphalt concrete continuous structure, comprising: Several bridge deck pavement layers arranged at intervals; The bridge expansion joint provided above; the bridge expansion joint is arranged between two adjacent bridge deck pavement layers, and the bridge deck pavement layers are connected through the bridge expansion joint; Asphalt surface layer; the upper surface of the bridge deck pavement layer connected through the bridge expansion joint is arranged.

[0019] The expansion joint provided by the present invention can be installed below the asphalt concrete surface layer of the bridge deck to solve the expansion and contraction caused by the temperature change effect of the bridge load-bearing structure itself and the multi-directional displacement caused by the impact of the driving load. The new expansion joint has the advantages of being invisible, noiseless, comfortable driving, permanent use, and low maintenance cost, and can better overcome the shortcomings of traditional expansion joints; the new expansion joint has a simple structure, clear deformation and load transfer paths, and the materials used are all common materials for ordinary bridge construction. The material source is sufficient, and the construction process is simple. It can be easily used for both new and existing bridges, especially high-grade highways or urban roads. It can be upgraded and replaced at one time in conjunction with the major and medium repairs of the entire road, and new technologies and new products are used to solve the problems of existing expansion joints of highways and urban road bridges, such as vehicle jumping, high noise, uncomfortable driving, and difficult and unsafe maintenance.

[0020] The bridge expansion joint of the present invention comprises a front wall plate, lower, middle and upper covering plates and a slide plate, a cross beam, a column bearing plate, a connecting rod and a sleeve. These components made of conventional bridge building materials are assembled to form a new expansion device, which can work together to provide a variable space that meets the expansion and displacement of the bridge load-bearing structure and provide sufficient support for the asphalt concrete surface layer.

[0021] The present invention has the following technical effects: 1. Provide space for the expansion and displacement deformation of the load-bearing structure: In the first module unit, the front wall panel and the sleeve are combined to form a sufficient cavity; the connecting rod in the second module unit is inserted into the cavity after the column bearing plate is connected in series, and free expansion and swinging are achieved in the sleeve cavity to meet the displacement deformation requirements of the load-bearing structure. The asphalt concrete of the roadway is a flexible structure with strong deformation capacity, which can offset most of the expansion and deformation. In the expansion joint part of the beam end, the third module unit composed of the lower bearing, the slide plate, the middle bearing plate and the upper covering plate slides relative to each other, eliminating the superposition of instantaneous strain and the fatigue effect of vibration on the asphalt concrete surface layer.

[0022] 2. Provide support for the asphalt concrete surface layer: The load of the asphalt concrete surface layer is ultimately borne by the bridge load-bearing structure. The load of the gap section of the new expansion joint is supported by a structural system consisting of the front wall plate, connecting rod, column bearing plate, crossbeam, middle bearing plate, and upper covering plate, that is, the front wall steel plate supports the connecting rod, the connecting rod supports the crossbeam and column bearing plate, the crossbeam supports one end of the middle bearing plate, the column bearing plate supports the middle of the upper covering plate, and both ends of the upper covering plate fall on the beam (platform) body, the load transfer path is clear, and the load-bearing component combination is overall stable.

[0023] 3. Driving comfort: The biggest feature of this expansion joint is that the expansion device is placed in the bridge deck pavement structure layer, which realizes the continuous paving of the asphalt concrete surface layer of the bridge deck driving lane, forming it in one go, without the gap in the width of the traditional expansion joint, and the tire does not need to undergo repeated conversion from flexible to rigid to flexible during driving, which greatly improves driving comfort. If all the bridge expansion joints on our Chinese expressways, first-class highways and urban roads are replaced with new bridge expansion joints, and there are no open joints on the driving lanes of expressways across the country, the fast and comfortable travel experience of the Chinese people will be greatly enhanced, which is conducive to the goal of building a strong transportation country and building transportation that satisfies the people.

[0024] 4. Overcoming vehicle jumping and eliminating noise: After using this new bridge expansion joint, since the asphalt concrete of the entire bridge deck is paved in one piece, it is smooth, continuous and seamless, so it can completely eliminate the vehicle jumping phenomenon and the clattering sound when the wheel passes through the gap. In addition, the active contact points of the front wall plate, connecting rod, column bearing plate, cross beam, middle bearing plate, upper cover plate and other components are designed to add vulcanized rubber washers or shock-absorbing strips to reduce wear, eliminate friction noise and improve the integrity of the structure.

[0025] 5. Simple construction process: This new type of bridge expansion joint is integrated with the bridge deck pavement. The first module unit is installed below the steel mesh of the bridge deck pavement (or abutment slab). The steel mesh of the bridge deck pavement is continuous throughout the span. The installation of the new expansion joint is integrated with the bridge deck pavement, and waterproof concrete is poured simultaneously, which avoids the trouble of traditional expansion joints that need to be installed and constructed separately from scratch, greatly improves construction efficiency, and is more conducive to construction quality control.

[0026] 6. Durable and low maintenance cost: The materials used for the load-bearing components of this new type of bridge expansion joint are all traditional steel, which is in sufficient supply in the market and of guaranteed quality. Auxiliary washers and gaskets are made of durable vulcanized rubber products. The structure is simple, the force path is clear, and the structure is located below the asphalt concrete surface layer and is not exposed. The parts in contact with the air are made of galvanized anti-rust treated steel components to ensure that the expansion device is strong and durable, and its service life is not less than the load-bearing structure of the bridge. This expansion joint is hidden below the asphalt concrete surface layer of the carriageway, and is no longer filled with debris. It has good water sealing properties and only requires daily pavement maintenance. No special maintenance is required for the expansion joint. The maintenance and major and medium repairs of the asphalt concrete surface layer of the bridge deck can be treated the same as those of ordinary pavements. The inspection and maintenance of the new expansion joint can be synchronized with the major and medium repairs of the asphalt concrete pavement.

[0027] 7. Wide application range: This new bridge expansion joint can replace traditional rubber expansion joints and steel expansion joints. By increasing the cross-section and size of the front wall panel, connecting rod, column bearing plate, beam, upper cover plate and other materials, it can meet the needs of increased expansion. By adjusting the overlap angle of the sleeve and the front wall panel, it can adapt to inclined bridges, slope bridges and curved bridges.

[0028] 8. Further development space: For extra-large bridges, the design height of the top plate at the end of the load-bearing structure beam can be optimized to reserve enough space for the installation of enhanced new expansion joints, or the new expansion joints can be integrated with the beam body (back wall) by adding a front wall plate and sleeve combination to the end of the load-bearing beam. Smart chip devices can also be implanted to monitor the working condition of the bridge in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the expansion joint of this bridge, it will be introduced below with reference to the original attached drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a bridge expansion joint of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first module unit; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a front wall rigid plate; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a front wall rigid plate; Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a second module unit; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a bridge expansion joint of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the second module unit in the embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the continuous structure of the bridge deck asphalt concrete of the present invention; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic cross-section diagram.

[0031] The names of the components represented by each number are: 1. First module unit; 11. Front wall panel; 111. Connection hole; 12. Sleeve; 13. Rubber gasket; 2. Second module unit; 21. Connecting rod; 22. Crossbeam; 221. First supporting part; 23. Column supporting plate; 231. Second supporting part; 3. Lower covering plate; 4. Middle supporting plate; 5. Upper covering plate; 6. Beam body or abutment; 7. Bridge deck pavement; 8. Asphalt pavement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a clear and complete description of the structure and engineering principle of the novel bridge expansion joint in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the novel structure described belongs to the scope of protection of the novel bridge expansion joint. Example 1

[0033] This embodiment provides a bridge expansion joint, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a first module unit 1 , a second module unit 2 and a third module unit, wherein the third module unit includes a lower cover plate 3 , a middle support plate 4 and an upper cover plate 5 .

[0034] The structure of the first module unit 1 is shown in Figure 2 , including a front wall plate 11 and a sleeve 12, wherein a connection hole 111 is opened in the front wall plate 11; the sleeve 12 is welded at the position of the connection hole 111 of the front wall plate 11. The connection hole 111 and the sleeve 12 constitute a first connection part, and the space in the sleeve 12 forms a cavity for the second module unit 2 to be telescopic.

[0035] The connection hole 111 on the front wall plate 11 may be a round hole ( Figure 3 ), or it can be a long rectangular hole ( Figure 4 ), the shape of the connection hole 111 is not specifically limited. The front wall panel 11 is formed with a sleeve 12 or other means to form a cavity for connecting the second module unit. According to the requirements of expansion and contraction deformation, the shape of the front wall opening is but not limited to a circle, an ellipse, a teardrop, etc., and the shape of the cavity behind the front wall is but not limited to a cylinder, a prism, a spindle, etc. And with different requirements for expansion and contraction deformation, the material and detailed dimensions of the expansion joint will vary.

[0036] The structure of the second connection module 2 is shown in Figure 5 , including a connecting rod 21 and a crossbeam 22, both ends of the connecting rod 21 are second connecting parts that penetrate into the connecting hole 111 of the first module unit 1. The crossbeam 22 is arranged on the connecting rod 21 and supported and fixed by the connecting rod. The crossbeam 22 has two first supporting parts 221 located at the upper end. The crossbeam 22 can be made of U-shaped channel steel, and the two flanges of the U-shaped channel steel form the first supporting part 221. The first supporting part 221 is used to support the end of the center support plate 4.

[0037] When the connection hole 111 is circular, the shape of the connecting rod 21 can also be a circular steel bar or steel pipe, and the corresponding sleeve 12 also adopts a circular sleeve. When the connection hole 111 is a rectangular hole, the connecting rod 21 adopts a steel plate inserted into the connection hole, and the corresponding sleeve 12 also adopts a rectangular sleeve. The connecting rod 21 is inserted into the cavity, and the cavity provides free space for the radial and axial activities of the connecting rod 21. The connecting rod 21 can be extended and retracted forward and backward, tilted up and down, and swung left and right in the cavity, effectively offsetting the directional displacement caused by the temperature change or driving impact between the beams on both sides of the expansion joint or between the beams and platforms, so as to meet the deformation function of the expansion joint.

[0038] A 1.0-2.0 mm washer is set at the contact point between the connecting rod 21 and the connecting hole 111 to reduce friction. The axial range of motion of the connecting rod 21 shall not be less than the designed expansion and contraction amount, and the radial range of motion is 1.0-2.0 mm. In order to facilitate the replacement of the bridge bearing, the upward range is controlled at 2.0-10.0 mm. Depending on the expansion and contraction amount, the material selection, diameter and spacing of the connecting rod 21 are different. For example, for an 80 mm expansion joint, 32 mm plain round steel bars can be used, and the recommended spacing is 25 cm.

[0039] In order to prevent the upper cover plate 5 from sinking and deforming, the second connection module 2 further includes a column support plate 23, and the upper end of the column support plate 23 forms a second support portion 231, see Figure 3 The upper cover plate 5 is supported by the second supporting portion 231 .

[0040] The third module unit sets a three-layer steel plate consisting of a lower belly plate 3, a middle plate 4 and an upper cover plate 5 at the expansion joint position to eliminate instantaneous deformation superposition. After the concrete of the bridge deck pavement reaches the elevation, the lower cover plate 3 is installed in time; after the curing period is over, a slide plate is installed on the surface of the lower cover plate 3, with the smooth surface of the slide plate facing downward; the middle plate 4 is installed on the lower cover plate 3, and the free end of the middle plate 4 is buckled with the wing plate of the crossbeam 22. The reserved installation distance between two adjacent middle plates 4 depends on the temperature during installation; the upper cover plate 5 is installed on the middle plate 4. The third module unit significantly increases the bearing capacity of the expansion joint area. After using the expansion joint provided by the present invention, its expansion area is no longer the weakest part of the bridge structure.

[0041] The bottom surface of the cross beam 22 is provided with a square hole, and the column bearing plate 23 passes through the square hole and interlocks to form a whole, which not only ensures that the deformation requirements are met, but also supports the middle bearing plate 4 and the upper cover plate 5, providing stable support for the asphalt concrete pavement. The connecting rod 21, the cross beam 22 and the column bearing plate 23 are self-locking to form a whole.

[0042] In a specific example, the expansion joint provided by the present invention is suitable for a bridge with an expansion amount of 0 to 160 mm (equivalent to modular expansion devices MA, MB), designed according to a bridge deck pavement layer thickness of 12 cm reinforced concrete, an asphalt concrete surface layer thickness of 8 cm, and an orthogonal bridge.

[0043] In a specific example, the front wall steel plate 11 of the first module unit 1 is made of 10 mm thick steel plate, 12 cm high (the same thickness as the bridge deck pavement), and the length is the width of a single bridge deck. The front wall steel plate 1 is perforated at a spacing of 25 cm, with a hole diameter of 35 mm. The sleeve 22 is a seamless steel pipe with an outer diameter of 70 mm, a wall thickness of 2 mm, and a length of 15 cm. One end of the sleeve 22 is welded to the front wall steel plate 11, and the axis of the sleeve 12 is colinear with the center of the hole of the front wall steel plate 11, and the other end of the sleeve 12 is closed. Then, structural steel bars are arranged at a spacing of 20 cm in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the longitudinal steel bars are welded to the front wall steel plate 11, so that the first module unit forms a rigid skeleton, which is convenient for production, transportation and installation. When the first module unit 1 is installed, the front wall steel plate 11 is retreated 3 cm from the edge of the reserved gap to leave space for the installation of the expansion joint components.

[0044] In the second module unit 2, the connecting rod 21 is made of galvanized round steel bars with a diameter of ∮32 mm and a length of 22 to 32 cm; the crossbeam 22 is made of galvanized channel steel with a diameter of 40х50 mm, and a square hole of 5.5х110 mm is opened every 25 cm at the main line position in the bottom plate of the channel steel for the column bearing plate 23 to pass through; the column bearing plate 23 is made of 5 mm thick galvanized steel plate, 95х105 mm, and a hole is opened at the bottom with a diameter of 35 mm for the connecting rod 21 to pass through. After the connecting rod 21 passes through the column bearing plate 23, the two ends of the connecting rod 21 are respectively inserted into the connecting hole 111 of the front wall steel plate of the first module unit, and penetrate into the cavity formed by the sleeve 12; the column bearing plate 23 passes through the square hole at the bottom of the channel steel crossbeam in turn, and the channel steel crossbeam is placed on the connecting rod 21 and supported by the connecting rod 21. Gaskets are added at the interlaced contact points. In this way, the first module unit 1 and the second module unit 2 are combined into a whole, which can meet the deformation requirements and bear the load capacity.

[0045] The lower cover plate 3 of the third module unit is made of 3 mm thick steel plate, 37 cm wide and the length is the width of a single bridge; the slide plate is made of 2 mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene plate, the size is the same as the lower cover plate 3; the middle support plate 4 is made of 4 mm thick, 42 ​​cm wide and the length is the width of a single bridge, one end is placed on the slide plate, the free end is folded up and inverted on the cross beam wing plate, supported by the cross beam 22; the upper cover plate 5 is made of 5 mm thick, 22-32 cm wide and the length is the width of a single bridge, and the two ends are placed on the middle support plates 4 on both sides, the middle part of the upper cover plate 5 contacts the top of the column support plate 23, and the column support plate 23 provides partial support and constrains the deflection of the upper cover plate 5. The third module unit is installed after the concrete of the bridge deck is poured. The reserved installation spacing of the free ends of the middle support plates on both sides of the expansion joint is determined according to the temperature during installation. When installed at 20℃, 20 mm is reserved, when installed at 30℃, 10 mm is reserved, and when installed at 10℃, 30 mm is reserved.

[0046] After the third module unit is installed, emulsified asphalt is applied to the 120 cm wide area of ​​the expansion joint, and polypropylene long-pile anti-cracking cloth is laid, and emulsified asphalt is applied again to enhance the adhesion between the asphalt surface layer and the steel plate, absorb instantaneous strain, and enhance fatigue resistance. Then the asphalt concrete surface layer is continuously paved in an integrated manner.

[0047] The first module unit 1 of the expansion joint of the present invention is buried in the concrete 7 of the bridge deck pavement layer. The first module unit 1 is symmetrically placed on both sides of the expansion joint, so that the expansion joint provided by the present invention is integrated with the main structure of the bridge to support the second module. The first connection part of the first module unit 1 provides a cavity for the second module unit 2 to expand and contract. The second module unit 2 provides support for the third module unit upward, and transfers the bridge deck load within the width of the expansion joint to the beam body or pier 6. The third module unit is composed of a lower covering plate 3, a middle supporting plate 4, and an upper covering plate 5. After eliminating most of its own temperature change deformation by utilizing the strong deformation capacity of the flexible structure of the bridge deck asphalt concrete, the local instantaneous deformation at the expansion joint position is effectively offset by the sliding between the three-layer plates; at the same time, the plate combination supports the asphalt concrete surface layer 8 spread thereon, ensuring that the expansion joint area has a reliable and stable bearing capacity. The lower cover plate 3 is wet bonded with the pavement concrete 7; the middle bearing plate 4 is placed on the lower cover plate 3, with the free end extending into the expansion joint gap and supported by the crossbeam 22 of the second module unit 2; the upper cover plate 5 is placed on the middle bearing plate 4 at both ends, and the middle part of the middle bearing plate 4 is supported by the column bearing plate 23, so that the middle bearing plate 23 has a certain expansion space; a polytetrafluoroethylene slide plate is placed between the middle bearing plate 4 and the lower cover plate 3, with the smooth surface facing downward. The components cooperate with each other to form a structural system that meets the deformation requirements and has sufficient bearing capacity. Installation process:

[0048] For newly built bridges, the new telescopic bees are assembled on site after the bridge deck is ready. Installation process: Step 1: adjust the position of the embedded steel bars and place a first module unit 1 on each side of the expansion joint; Step 2: Assemble the connecting rod 21 and the column support plate 23 in series with washers; Step 3: insert the connecting rod 21 with washers at both ends into the connecting hole 111 of the first module unit; Step 4: Align the connecting rod 21, adjust the seam width, and install the crossbeam 22; Step 5: Precisely position and weld and fix the steel bars to the embedded steel bars; Step 6: Installation of steel mesh for bridge deck paving; Step 7: Pouring of bridge deck paving concrete; Step 8: After the bridge deck concrete reaches the elevation, install the lower cover plate 3 and control the flatness; Step 9: Health preservation; Step 10: Install the skateboard with the smooth side facing down; Step 11: Install the middle support plate 4, with the corner of the middle support plate facing downward, add the shock-absorbing strip, and buckle it on the wing plate of the crossbeam 6. The reserved distance between adjacent middle support plates depends on the temperature; Step 12: Add shock-absorbing strips and install the upper cover plate 5; Step 13: Sprinkle emulsified asphalt, lay polypropylene long-pile anti-cracking cloth, and then sprinkle emulsified asphalt; Step 14: Integrated paving of bridge deck asphalt concrete; Step 15: Hand over the project and put it into use.

[0049] For the replacement of existing bridge expansion joints, it is best to carry out the replacement at the same time as the major or medium repair of the road surface. Installation process: Step 1: Close the traffic; Step 2: Marking, chiseling away the steel fiber concrete and bridge deck pavement concrete at the expansion joint to expose the beam or abutment back wall; Step 3: Clean the surface and adjust the embedded steel bars; then follow the same installation process as for new bridges.

[0050] In a specific example, the expansion joint provided by the present invention is suitable for expansion joints with an expansion amount of 160 to 1000 mm (corresponding to comb plate type expansion joints SC, SSA), and the size, material and shape of each component need to be determined according to design calculations. The length of the connecting rod 21 is between 22 and 200 cm, the diameter is between 32 and 300 mm, and it can be made into a hollow component, and high-strength materials can be selected. The size and combination of other components change accordingly.

[0051] In a specific example, for the expansion joints of super-large bridges with expansion amounts of more than 1000 mm (corresponding to the comb-shaped plate expansion joints SSB), the height of the beam end where the expansion joint is installed is controlled by design to reserve space for the installation of new expansion joints, and even to generate space for connecting rod movement in the anchor concrete at the beam end. Then, the detailed design of each component is carried out to meet the strength and deformation capacity requirements.

[0052] As the expansion and contraction amount increases, the seam width gap also increases. In order to provide sufficient support for the asphalt concrete of the bridge deck, the combination of the second module unit and the third module unit is optimized and adjusted. For example, the connecting rod is optimized into a comb-shaped plate, the cavity formed by the sleeve is optimized into a groove, the free end of the middle plate is optimized into a folded plate, and the column plate is optimized into a transverse bridge plate-shaped support, thereby eliminating deformation modes such as beams.

[0053] For expansion joints with an expansion amount less than 40 mm, the second module unit is optimized, only the connecting rod 21 is required, and the cross beam 22 and the column support plate 23 are not required. The third module unit is optimized simultaneously.

[0054] The expansion joint of the present invention is suitable for inclined bridges, curved bridges or sloped bridges. By adjusting the overlapping angle of the sleeve and the front wall plate, it can be easily adapted to various bridge types. The plate angle of the third module unit is also adjusted accordingly.

[0055] In order to facilitate the replacement of bearings during bridge maintenance, the opening of the front wall is optimized. That is, when opening the front wall, the bottom position of the hole is maintained unchanged, and the top of the hole is expanded upward by 5 to 10 mm, which does not affect the support and deformation of the connecting rod, and reserves space for the load-bearing beam to be lifted upward when the bearing is replaced. Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a continuous pavement structure, such as Figure 8 As shown, it includes a beam body or abutment 6, a bridge deck pavement layer 7 and an asphalt pavement 8. There is a gap between the bridge deck pavement layers 7, and the bridge expansion joint provided by Example 1 is installed in the gap. The first module unit 1 of the bridge expansion joint is pre-buried in the gap end face of the bridge deck pavement layer 7; the first module unit 2 of the bridge expansion joint is installed on the first module unit 1; the lower cover plate 3 of the third module unit of the bridge expansion joint is wet-bonded with the pavement layer concrete 7; the middle bearing plate 4 is placed on the lower cover plate 3, the free end of the middle bearing plate 4 extends into the expansion joint gap, and is supported by the cross beam 22 of the second module unit 2; the two ends of the upper cover plate 5 are placed on the middle bearing plate 4, and the middle part of the middle bearing plate 4 is supported by the column bearing plate 23, so that the middle bearing plate 23 has a certain expansion space; a polytetrafluoroethylene slide plate is placed between the middle bearing plate 4 and the lower cover plate 3, with the smooth surface facing downward. The asphalt pavement 8 is laid on the upper cover plate 5.

[0057] The front wall panel 11 in the first module unit 1 is provided with a connection hole 111 as required, and a sleeve 12 with one end closed is welded (or bonded) behind the connection hole 111 to form a cavity. The first module unit 1 is placed in the concrete of the bridge deck pavement layer, symmetrically placed on both sides of the expansion joint, and constructed synchronously with the bridge deck pavement layer or the bridgehead slab. The connecting rod 21 of the second module unit is inserted into the cavity, and can freely expand and contract and swing in the cavity, effectively offsetting the axial displacement caused by temperature change or driving impact between the beams-beams or beams-platforms on both sides of the expansion joint. During installation, the retreat distance of the front wall steel plate 11 from the beam end should be accurately determined according to the design expansion and contraction requirements, and sufficient space should be reserved to place the crossbeam 22 and column bearing plate 23 of the second module unit, dividing the expansion and contraction space into two. The installation area of ​​the telescopic deformation component is basically controlled below the asphalt concrete surface layer.

[0058] In order to offset the micro-vibration reflection at the overlap of the upper covering plate, the asphalt surface layer and the steel plate are more tightly bonded and have stronger fatigue resistance. Asphalt is spread on the top surface of the expansion joint provided by the present invention, and polypropylene long-pile anti-cracking cloth is added to absorb stress and protect the asphalt concrete surface layer from fatigue damage. The specific method is: after the installation of the upper covering plate 5 is completed, 3-5mm emulsified asphalt is brushed on the top surface of the upper covering plate 5 and the middle supporting plate 4, and a layer of polypropylene long-pile anti-cracking cloth is added, and then the asphalt concrete surface layer is directly paved. In this way, the entire telescopic device is located below the asphalt concrete surface layer, and there is no interruption gap in the driving lane, which can greatly improve the driving comfort and completely eliminate vehicle jumping and noise. The expansion joint of this invention is protected by the asphalt concrete surface layer, does not require special maintenance, and is more durable. Large and medium repairs of the asphalt concrete surface layer can also be continuously mechanized, and no special slope adjustment is required at the expansion joint.

[0059] Vulcanized rubber washers or vulcanized rubber shock-absorbing strips are added to all the contact points between the connecting rod 21, the cross beam 22, the column support plate 23, the middle support plate 4 and the upper cover plate 5 to reduce wear, further avoid noise caused by friction or impact, and enhance the integrity and stability of the structure.

[0060] By adjusting the overlap angle between the sleeve 12 and the front wall steel plate 11, the special requirements of expansion joints of inclined bridges, slope bridges and curved bridges can be met; by adjusting the material and cross-sectional size of materials such as the connecting rod 21, expansion joints with ultra-large expansion and contraction amounts can be studied; for extra-large bridges, further development can be carried out based on the principle of this expansion joint, that is, by optimizing the design of the top plate at the end of the load-bearing structure beam, reducing the height of the beam end, and reserving sufficient space for the installation of a new enhanced expansion joint, or by designing and installing a combination of the front wall panel 11 and the sleeve 12 at the end of the load-bearing beam (or the anchor pad sealing position).

[0061] The bridge expansion joint of the present invention unifies the traditional modular expansion joints (MA, MB) and comb plate expansion joints (SC, SSA, SSB), and can design different types of expansion device products according to the deformation and load requirements, which is very convenient for upgrading the old expansion joints of existing bridges. A part of the bridge deck pavement layer at both ends of the existing bridge expansion joint position is chiseled off, and a new invisible noiseless permanent bridge expansion joint is installed, the bridge deck pavement steel bars are filled, the bridge deck pavement concrete is poured, and the asphalt concrete is paved to make the asphalt surface layer of the bridge deck driving lane continuous, which can completely eliminate the noise caused by the bridge expansion joint jumping and vehicle attack, greatly improve the service level of existing roads, solve the noise problem of highways and urban elevated roads that has attracted much attention, and reduce maintenance investment.

Claims

1. A bridge expansion joint, characterized in that: It includes a first module unit, a second module unit and a third module unit, wherein the first module unit, the second module unit and the third module unit form a telescopic space below the asphalt concrete surface layer of the bridge deck to complete the deformation function; The first module unit is arranged in the bridge deck pavement or the abutment slab concrete on both sides of the expansion joint, and the first module unit has a first connecting portion, and the first connecting portion forms a cavity on both sides of the expansion joint; The second module unit forms two second connecting parts on both sides of the expansion joint, and the second connecting parts extend into the cavity of the first connecting part of the first module unit, and have radial and axial movable spaces in the cavity to achieve free expansion and contraction; the second module unit forms two first supporting parts upward to support the load transmitted by the third module unit; The third module unit includes a lower covering plate, a middle bearing plate and an upper covering plate, which are arranged above the second module unit and the bridge deck pavement layer; one lower covering plate is arranged on the upper surface of the bridge deck pavement layer on both sides of the expansion joint; the middle bearing plate is arranged above the lower covering plate, and the middle bearing plate has a free end extending out of the end surface of the bridge deck pavement layer; the upper covering plate is overlapped above the middle bearing plates on both sides; the two first supporting parts of the second module unit are supported on the free ends of the two middle bearing plates.

2. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second module unit also has a second supporting portion, which is located between the two first supporting portions and supported below the upper cover plate.

3. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second module unit includes a first connecting member, a second connecting member and a third connecting member; the second connecting part is located at both ends of the first connecting member; the two first supporting parts are located on the second connecting member, and the second supporting part is located on the third connecting member, and the bearing force exerted on the second connecting member and the third connecting member is transmitted to the first connecting member.

4. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first connecting member is a connecting rod; the cavity provides free space for radial and axial movement of the connecting rod; both ends of the connecting rod are first connecting parts, and the end of the connecting rod is located in the cavity of the first connecting part.

5. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second connecting member is a cross beam, and the first supporting portion is located at the upper ends of both sides of the cross beam; the third connecting member is a column supporting plate, and the second supporting portion is located at the upper end of the column supporting plate.

6. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting hole is arranged on the bottom plate of the cross beam; an opening is arranged at a position near the lower end of the column support plate for the first connecting member to pass through; the column support plate passes through the limiting hole to form a whole of the second module unit.

7. The bridge expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first module unit includes: The front wall panel is arranged on the end surfaces of the bridge deck pavement layer on both sides of the expansion joint; the first connecting portion for connecting the second module unit is arranged on the front wall panel.

8. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first module unit also includes: The sleeve is arranged on the connection part of the front wall plate; the sleeve extends into the bridge deck pavement layer on both sides of the expansion joint to form a cavity.

9. A bridge expansion joint according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first connection portion of the front wall plate is a connection hole; the second module unit is inserted into the connection hole.

10. The bridge expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third module unit further includes a slide plate, which is arranged between the lower cover plate and the middle support plate.

11. A bridge deck asphalt concrete continuous structure, comprising: Several bridge deck pavement layers arranged at intervals; The bridge expansion joint according to any one of claims 1 to 10; The bridge expansion joint is arranged between two adjacent bridge deck pavement layers, and the bridge deck pavement layers are connected via the bridge expansion joint; Asphalt surface layer; An upper surface of a bridge deck pavement layer connected via the bridge expansion joint is provided.

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