Ecological Restoration Structure and Method for Steep Rock Slopes Based on Biosolidification Technology

Abstract

This invention relates to an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-stabilization technology, comprising a rock slope body, anchor bolts, a metal mesh, a square solidification cavity, a bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer, a vegetation base layer, and n-shaped components. The metal mesh is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body and fixed thereto by several anchor bolts. The anchor bolts are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope body and driven into the stable rock strata. The square solidification cavity is fixed to the rock slope body by n-shaped components embedded in the rock mass. The bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer is formed by spraying a soybean enzyme treatment solution to solidify the coarse-grained soil containing bio-slurry laid within the square solidification cavity. The vegetation base layer is sprayed onto the surface of the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer. This invention provides an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes with good strength and integrity, convenient and efficient construction, good ecological restoration effect, and strong ecological stability and sustainability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a high steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and method based on biological solidification technology, and relates to the field of rock slope ecological restoration engineering. BACKGROUND

[0002] Infrastructure construction and mining process often involve excavation of rock-soil mass, resulting in a large number of exposed rock slopes. Due to poor soil conditions and poor water holding capacity, it is difficult for vegetation to grow, which further affects the surrounding ecological environment. In view of the problem of ecological restoration of rock slope, the industry generally adopts the method of spraying and planting to regulate. However, this method is only limited to gentle rock slopes. In the face of steeper slopes, due to topographic limitations, the sprayed soil materials are difficult to effectively adhere and remain on the slope surface, resulting in a significant reduction in the effectiveness of traditional vegetation protection measures on such slopes. Therefore, for such slopes, more reliance is placed on engineering technical means such as net hanging, anchor spraying support and the construction of protective structures for reinforcement treatment. Despite this, these technologies rely heavily on cement materials, which not only may cause irreversible damage to the surrounding ecological environment, but also affect the overall aesthetics of the engineering restoration, which does not meet the requirements of green ecological restoration concept and sustainable development strategy.

[0003] In view of the poor green plant recovery effect in the process of ecological restoration of high steep rock slope, and the damaged landscape after reinforcement by traditional engineering technology, the present application provides a high steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and construction method based on biological solidification technology. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a high steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and method based on biological solidification technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present application is: a high steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biological solidification technology, comprising a rock slope body, anchor rods, a metal net, a square solid cavity, a biological solidification coarse-grained soil layer, a vegetation base layer, and an η-shaped component; the metal net is laid on the surface of the rock slope body and is fixed on the surface of the rock slope body by a plurality of anchor rods; the plurality of anchor rods are arranged in rows in the transverse direction and in columns in the longitudinal direction along the rock slope body and are driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body; the square solid cavity is fixed to the rock slope body by the η-shaped component embedded in the rock mass; the biological solidification coarse-grained soil layer is formed by spraying a bean enzyme treatment liquid to solidify the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud slurry in the square solid cavity; and the vegetation base layer is sprayed and planted on the upper surface of the biological solidification coarse-grained soil layer.

[0006] Preferably, the transverse arrangement spacing of the anchor rod is 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and the longitudinal arrangement spacing is 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

[0007] Preferably, the square solid cavity is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods; the three-dimensional geogrid is connected to the anchor rods by nylon clips; the mesh size of the three-dimensional geogrid is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the coarse soil is gravel material with a particle size of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, and the laying thickness is 30 mm to 50 mm; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1; the cementing solution contains calcium chloride and urea at equimolar concentrations, both with a molar concentration of 2.0 M to 4.0 M; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed 10 to 20 times; and the mass ratio of biological mud to coarse soil is 1:1 to 1:3.

[0009] Preferably, the vegetated substrate contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus, and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and broadleaf paspalum.

[0010] Preferably, the η-shaped component is made by bending steel bars and has a length of 30 cm to 50 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the biological mud is obtained through the following steps:

[0012] Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium for Bacillus pasteurellis containing 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH=9.25, and then put it in an autoclave at 120℃ for 12 h to eliminate contaminating bacteria;

[0013] Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurellii strain;

[0014] Step 3): Incubate the bacteria in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30℃ and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to 24 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurellis culture.

[0015] Step 4): Mix the Bacillus pasteurellium culture with a 2.0 M cementing solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 and stir for 6 hours, then let it stand for 1 hour.

[0016] Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after settling; the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0017] Preferably, the soybean enzyme solution is extracted through the following steps:

[0018] Step 1): The dried soybeans are crushed and ground to obtain raw soybean flour;

[0019] Step 2): Weigh a certain mass of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 0.5~3.0 g / L;

[0020] Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw soybean powder and pour it into the extraction liquid, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixture with a soybean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 h;

[0021] Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4℃, and 5 min to 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the desired soybean enzyme solution.

[0022] A construction method for an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-solidification technology includes the following steps:

[0023] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation;

[0024] 2) Anchor bolt construction: The anchor bolts are driven vertically into the stable rock layer of the rock slope. The anchor bolts are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope, with a lateral spacing of 1.5 m to 3.0 m and a longitudinal spacing of 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

[0025] 3) Laying metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh tightly against the slope and fix it with anchor bolts;

[0026] 4) Laying triaxial geogrid: Lay the triaxial geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchors and connect and fix it to the anchors;

[0027] 5) Set up a square solid cavity: Fold up both ends of the three-dimensional geogrid to form a square solid cavity, use nylon buckles to connect and fix the square solid cavity to the anchor rod, and use η-shaped components to fix the square solid cavity on the rock slope.

[0028] 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: After mixing biological mud with coarse soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 8.00 mm at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, the mixture is filled into a square solidification cavity in layers. Then, soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution are mixed on-site at a certain volume ratio to prepare soybean enzyme treatment solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed onto the coarse soil layer every 6 to 12 hours for solidification treatment, for a total of 10 to 20 times, to form a biologically solidified coarse soil layer. Subsequently, a vegetation base layer is sprayed on top of the biologically solidified coarse soil layer to form a vegetation restoration layer. The vegetation base layer contains nutrient soil and plant seeds. The plant seeds are selected from one or more of the following: ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and broadleaf paspa.

[0029] 7) Vegetation Maintenance: After the vegetation restoration layer is completed, subsequent maintenance of the vegetation is required, including watering, fertilization, pest and disease control, and replanting. Specifically, after the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil daily to keep it moist and ensure that the vegetation can germinate and sprout. Five to ten days after the plants emerge, supplement the soil with compound nutrient solution every 7 to 14 days and spray insecticides as needed to prevent pests and diseases. Afterward, replant the vegetation in a timely manner according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The core of this invention lies in using bio-slurry to encapsulate sand particles, providing necessary sites for calcium carbonate crystallization. Subsequently, by introducing a self-extracted soybean enzyme solution, the urea in the treatment solution is hydrolyzed to generate carbonate ions (CO3²⁻). These ions further combine with calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in the treatment solution to form calcium carbonate crystals. These crystals adhere tightly to the surface of the sand particles and gradually grow, eventually forming a calcium carbonate cemented structure with a certain strength in the pores of the sand, thereby connecting the loose sand into a whole and significantly improving its engineering properties.

[0032] 2. This invention uses a combination of bio-pulp and EICP treatment solution to treat coarse sand to form a bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer, which retains a rich pore structure. These pores are filled by the soil matrix, thus trapping the nutrient. At the same time, plant roots can grow in it and form a root-soil composite reinforcement, which enhances the overall stability of the structure. Furthermore, subsequent replanting of plants can further densify the root-soil composite network, further enhancing the nutrient trapping capacity of the slope. This solves the problem of the difficulty in retaining soil matrix on steep rock slopes.

[0033] 3. This invention designs a square solidification cavity by combining a three-dimensional geogrid above a metal mesh, which ensures the stable retention of coarse sand during the bio-solidification process. Furthermore, the folded part can also act as a reinforcing body, enhancing the strength and stability of the overall structure.

[0034] In addition, the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer itself has good integrity and high strength, and its erosion resistance and damage resistance are good.

[0035] 4. The EICP treatment fluid used in this invention has the characteristic of low viscosity. It does not require large mechanical equipment or pressure grouting devices. It can be directly injected into sand after simple mixing, which greatly improves the flexibility and adaptability of construction. At the same time, calcium carbonate crystals can form in a short time and provide cementing strength, which reflects the convenience and efficiency of this technology.

[0036] In addition, the treatment solution can further penetrate into the surface of the rock slope and into the joints and fissures, generating calcium carbonate crystals with cementing effect to fill the fissures, thereby enhancing the slope's resistance to weathering.

[0037] 5. Compared with traditional concrete treatment technology, this invention can maintain the natural state of the soil after repair, preserving the original landscape appearance to the greatest extent. Moreover, subsequent maintenance or secondary repair is simple and easy, requiring only the addition of EICP treatment fluid, which fully reflects the design concept of sustainable development.

[0038] 6. After the biological pulp and EICP treatment liquid complete the calcium carbonate crystallization reaction, the residual urea, calcium chloride and organic matter in the soybean enzyme solution can provide some nutrients for vegetation growth. This means that the waste liquid after the reaction can be reused after simple treatment, which reflects the significant advantages of this invention in terms of green environmental protection.

[0039] Clearly, the ecological restoration structure and construction method for steep rock slopes based on biosolidification technology provided by this invention have good economic, environmental and social benefits.

[0040] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Fig. 1 This is a side cross-sectional view of an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on biosolidification technology provided by the present invention.

[0042] Fig. 2 This is a front cross-sectional view of an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on biosolidification technology provided by the present invention.

[0043] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of a square solidification cavity in an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on biosolidification technology provided by the present invention.

[0044] Fig. 4 These are coarse sand samples before and after treatment with bio-solidification technology in this invention;

[0045] Fig. 5 These are diagrams of the root-biological solidified coarse sand composite and the pull-out resistance of the plant roots in this invention.

[0046] Fig. 6 This is a comparison diagram of the compressive failure performance of bio-solidified coarse sand and root-bio-solidified coarse sand composite in this invention;

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Rock slope body; 2. Anchor bolt; 3. Metal mesh; 4. Square solidification cavity; 5. Bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer; 6. Vegetated base layer; 7. η-type component; 8. Nylon buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0050] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0051] like Figs. 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-stabilization technology, including a rock slope body 1, anchor bolts 2, a metal mesh 3, a square solidification cavity 4, a bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5, a vegetation base layer 6, and an n-shaped component 7. The metal mesh 3 is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body 1 and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body 1 by several anchor bolts 2. The several anchor bolts 2 are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope body 1 and driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body 1. The square solidification cavity 4 is fixed to the rock slope body 1 by the n-shaped component 7 embedded in the rock body. The bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5 is formed by spraying soybean enzyme treatment solution to solidify the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solidification cavity 4. The vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the upper surface of the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the horizontal spacing of the anchor bolts 2 is 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and the longitudinal spacing is 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the square solid cavity 4 is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2; the three-dimensional geogrid is connected to the anchor rods by nylon clips; the mesh size of the three-dimensional geogrid is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the coarse-grained soil is gravel material with a particle size of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, and the laying thickness is 30 mm to 50 mm; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to form EICP treatment solution; the cementing solution contains calcium chloride and urea at equimolar concentrations, both with a molar concentration of 2.0 M to 4.0 M; (the molar concentration unit M is an abbreviation for mol / L, the same below, and will not be elaborated further).

[0055] The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed 10 to 20 times; the mass ratio of the biological mud to coarse soil is 1:1 to 1:3.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass and broadleaf paspalum.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the η-shaped component 7 is formed by bending steel bars and has a length of 30 cm to 50 cm.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the biological mud is obtained through the following steps:

[0059] Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium for Bacillus pasteurellis containing 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH=9.25, and then put it in an autoclave at 120℃ for 12 h to eliminate contaminating bacteria;

[0060] Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurellii strain;

[0061] Step 3): Incubate the bacteria in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30℃ and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to 24 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurellis culture.

[0062] Step 4): Mix the Bacillus pasteurellium culture with a 2.0 M cementing solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 and stir for 6 hours, then let it stand for 1 hour.

[0063] Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after settling; the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the soybean enzyme solution is extracted through the following steps:

[0065] Step 1): The dried soybeans are crushed and ground to obtain raw soybean flour;

[0066] Step 2): Weigh a certain mass of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 0.5~3.0 g / L;

[0067] Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw soybean powder and pour it into the extraction liquid, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixture with a soybean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 h;

[0068] Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4℃, and 5 min to 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the desired soybean enzyme solution.

[0069] A construction method for an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-solidification technology includes the following steps:

[0070] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation;

[0071] 2) Anchor bolt construction: Anchor bolts 2 are vertically driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope 1. The anchor bolts 2 are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope 1, with a lateral spacing of 1.5 m to 3.0 m and a longitudinal spacing of 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

[0072] 3) Laying metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh 3 tightly against the slope and fix it with anchor bolts 2;

[0073] 4) Laying the triaxial geogrid: Laying the triaxial geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2 and connecting and fixing it to the anchor rods 2;

[0074] 5) Set up a square solid cavity: Fold up both ends of the three-dimensional geogrid to form a square solid cavity 4. Use nylon buckles 8 to connect and fix the square solid cavity 4 to the anchor rod 2. Use n-shaped components 7 to fix the square solid cavity 4 to the rock slope body 1.

[0075] 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: After mixing biological mud with coarse soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 8.00 mm at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, the mixture is filled into square solid cavity 4 in layers. Then, soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution are mixed on site at a certain volume ratio to prepare soybean enzyme treatment solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse soil layer for solidification treatment every 6 to 12 hours, for a total of 10 to 20 times, to form biological solidified coarse soil layer 5. Subsequently, vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on top of biological solidified coarse soil layer 5 to form vegetation restoration layer. Vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds. The plant seeds are selected from one or more of the following: ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and broadleaf paspa.

[0076] 7) Vegetation Maintenance: After the vegetation restoration layer is completed, subsequent maintenance of the vegetation is required, including watering, fertilization, pest and disease control, and replanting. Specifically, after the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil daily to keep it moist and ensure that the vegetation can germinate and sprout. Five to ten days after the plants emerge, supplement the soil with compound nutrient solution every 7 to 14 days and spray insecticides as needed to prevent pests and diseases. Afterward, replant the vegetation in a timely manner according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0077] Specific implementation process:

[0078] Example 1

[0079] like Figs. 1-3 This embodiment provides an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-stabilization technology, including a rock slope body 1, anchor bolts 2, a metal mesh 3, a square solidification cavity 4, a bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5, a vegetation base layer 6, and an n-shaped component 7. The metal mesh 3 is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body 1 and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body 1 by several anchor bolts 2. The several anchor bolts 2 are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope body 1 and are driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body 1. The square solidification cavity 4 is fixed to the rock slope body 1 by the n-shaped component 7 embedded in the rock body. The bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5 is formed by spraying soybean enzyme treatment solution to solidify the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solidification cavity 4. The vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the upper surface of the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5. The vegetated base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass and broadleaf paspalum; the plant roots in the vegetated base layer 6 can penetrate into the pores of the bio-stabilized coarse soil layer 5 and continue to grow downwards, forming a stable root-soil-bio-stabilized sand composite, which integrates the entire ecological restoration structure into one.

[0080] The transverse and longitudinal spacing of anchor bolts 2 is 2.0 m. The square solidification cavity 4 is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid laid between adjacent rows of anchor bolts 2, connected to the anchor bolts 1 and the rock slope body 1 via nylon clips 8 and η-shaped components 7 respectively. The η-shaped components are made of bent steel bars and are 40 cm long. The bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5 is a coarse sand layer treated with bio-slurry and then sprayed with EICP treatment solution 10 times. The coarse sand layer uses coarse sand with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 4.00 mm and a thickness of 50 mm. The vegetated base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, mixed and sprayed onto the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5. Tall fescue is selected as the plant seed in the vegetated base layer, and the thickness of the vegetated base layer 6 is 30 mm. The EICP treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution at a volume ratio of 3:1. The cementing solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, both with a molar concentration of 4.0 M.

[0081] Preferably, the biological mud used in this invention is obtained through the following steps:

[0082] Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium for Bacillus pasteurellis containing 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH=9.25, and then put it in an autoclave at 120℃ for 12 h to eliminate contaminating bacteria;

[0083] Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurellii strain;

[0084] Step 3): Incubate the bacteria in a shaker at a constant temperature of 30℃ and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurellii culture.

[0085] Step 4): Mix the Bacillus pasteurellium culture with a 2.0 M cementing solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 and stir for 6 hours, then let it stand for 1 hour.

[0086] Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after settling; the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0087] The soybean enzyme solution used in this invention is extracted through the following steps:

[0088] Step 1): The dried soybeans are crushed and ground to obtain raw soybean flour;

[0089] Step 2): Weigh a certain mass of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 2.5 g / L;

[0090] Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw soybean powder and pour it into the extraction liquid, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixture with a soybean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 h;

[0091] Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4℃, and 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the desired soybean enzyme solution.

[0092] The construction method for ecological restoration structures of steep rock slopes based on bio-solidification technology provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0093] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation;

[0094] 2) Anchor bolt construction: Anchor bolts 2 are vertically driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope 1. The anchor bolts 2 are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope 1, with a lateral spacing of 2.0 m and a longitudinal spacing of 2.0 m.

[0095] 3) Laying metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh 3 tightly against the slope and fix it with anchor bolts 2;

[0096] 4) Laying the triaxial geogrid: Laying the triaxial geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2 and connecting and fixing it to the anchor rods 2;

[0097] 5) Set up a square solid cavity: Fold up both ends of the three-dimensional geogrid to form a square solid cavity 4. Use nylon buckles 8 to connect and fix the square solid cavity 4 to the anchor rod 2. Use n-shaped components 7 to fix the square solid cavity 4 to the rock slope body 1.

[0098] 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: The biological mud and coarse soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 4.00 mm are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 and then filled into the square solid cavity 4 in layers. Then, the soybean enzyme solution and the cementing solution are mixed on site at a certain volume ratio to prepare the soybean enzyme treatment solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse soil layer every 8 hours for solidification treatment, for a total of 10 times, to form a biologically solidified coarse soil layer 5. Subsequently, the vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the biologically solidified coarse soil layer 5 to form the vegetation restoration layer. The vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are tall fescue.

[0099] 7) Vegetation Maintenance: After the vegetation restoration layer is completed, subsequent maintenance of the vegetation is required, including watering, fertilization, pest and disease control, and replanting. Specifically, after the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil daily to keep it moist and ensure that the vegetation can germinate and sprout. Seven days after the plants emerge, supplement the soil with compound nutrient solution every 10 days and spray insecticides as needed to prevent pests and diseases. Afterward, replant the vegetation in a timely manner according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0100] The actual implementation object in this embodiment is the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5. This bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer is a coarse sand layer treated with bio-slurry (mortar ratio 1:1) and then sprayed with EICP treatment solution 10 times. The coarse sand layer uses coarse sand with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 4.00 mm and a thickness of 50 mm. The key to the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5 is that it possesses a certain strength and relatively abundant porosity, thus ensuring slope stability while providing sufficient space for plant root growth.

[0101] The unconfined compressive strength of cylindrical coarse sand samples with dimensions of 5 cm * 10 cm (diameter * height) (particle size range of 2.00 mm ~ 4.00 mm) was tested using a combination of bio-pulp and EICP treatment solution. q uc =0) Perform the process 10 times, such as Fig. 4 As shown, loose coarse sand particles are cemented together into a whole after solidification (unconfined compressive strength). q uc =722.34 kPa), but still has good permeability (permeability coefficient is approximately 2.97×10). -1 The velocity (cm / s) indicates that the interior still retains abundant pores, providing space for plant root growth. After sample preparation, tall fescue seeds were sown on the surface of the bio-stabilized coarse sand column sample and incubated for 14 days. Fig. 5 As shown, the plant grows normally on the sample surface, its roots are able to penetrate into the solidified sand and have good pull-out resistance. Fig. 6 As shown, the upper part of the unplanted bio-stabilized sample detached completely when subjected to pressure, while the upper part of the planted bio-stabilized sample remained intact under pressure, its roots encased in the root network. This indicates that the plant roots embedded in the bio-stabilized coarse sand enhance its resistance to damage. In the above experiments, the root pull-out force was measured using a digital tensile tester (Edberg SH-100N), the permeability coefficient was measured using a constant head permeability test, and the unconfined compressive strength was measured using a force-controlled loading frame (purchased from Xi'an Kangtuo Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., product model KTL-LDF-50).

[0102] Table 1. Information on the names and models of raw and auxiliary materials

[0103]

[0104] Example 2

[0105] like Figs. 1-3This embodiment provides an ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-stabilization technology, including a rock slope body 1, anchor bolts 2, a metal mesh 3, a square solidification cavity 4, a bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5, a vegetation base layer 6, and an n-shaped component 7. The metal mesh 3 is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body 1 and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body 1 by several anchor bolts 2. The several anchor bolts 2 are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope body 1 and are driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body 1. The square solidification cavity 4 is fixed to the rock slope body 1 by the n-shaped component 7 embedded in the rock body. The bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5 is formed by spraying soybean enzyme treatment solution to solidify the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solidification cavity 4. The vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the upper surface of the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5. The vegetated base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass and broadleaf paspalum; the plant roots in the vegetated base layer 6 can penetrate into the pores of the bio-stabilized coarse soil layer 5 and continue to grow downwards, forming a stable root-soil-bio-stabilized sand composite, which integrates the entire ecological restoration structure into one.

[0106] The anchor bolts 2 are spaced 1.5 m laterally and 2.0 m longitudinally. The square solidification cavity 4 is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid placed between adjacent rows of anchor bolts 2. It is connected to the anchor bolts 1 and the rock slope body 1 via nylon clips 8 and η-shaped components 7, respectively. The η-shaped components are made of bent steel bars and are 35 cm long. The bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5 is a coarse sand layer treated with bio-slurry and then sprayed with EICP treatment solution 10 times. The coarse sand layer uses coarse sand with a particle size of 4.00 mm to 8.00 mm and a thickness of 40 mm. The vegetated base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, which are mixed and sprayed onto the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer 5. The plant seeds in the vegetated base layer are tall fescue, ryegrass, and broadleaf paspalum mixed in a 3:2:1 ratio. The thickness of the vegetated base layer 6 is 50 mm. The EICP treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and gelling solution in a volume ratio of 1:1. The gelling solution contains calcium chloride and urea at equimolar concentrations, both with a molar concentration of 2.0 M.

[0107] Preferably, the biological mud used in this invention is obtained through the following steps:

[0108] Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium for Bacillus pasteurellis containing 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH=9.25, and then put it in an autoclave at 120℃ for 12 h to eliminate contaminating bacteria;

[0109] Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurellii strain;

[0110] Step 3): Incubate the bacteria in a shaker at a constant temperature of 30℃ and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurellii culture.

[0111] Step 4): Mix the Bacillus pasteurellium culture with a 2.0 M cementing solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 and stir for 6 hours, then let it stand for 1 hour.

[0112] Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after settling; the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0113] The soybean enzyme solution used in this invention is extracted through the following steps:

[0114] Step 1): The dried soybeans are crushed and ground to obtain raw soybean flour;

[0115] Step 2): Weigh a certain mass of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 1.0 g / L;

[0116] Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw soybean powder and pour it into the extraction liquid, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixture with a soybean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 h;

[0117] Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4℃, and 5 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the desired soybean enzyme solution.

[0118] The construction method for ecological restoration structures of steep rock slopes based on bio-solidification technology provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0119] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation;

[0120] 2) Anchor bolt construction: Anchor bolts 2 are vertically driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope 1. The anchor bolts 2 are arranged in rows laterally and columns longitudinally along the rock slope 1, with a lateral spacing of 1.5 m and a longitudinal spacing of 2.0 m.

[0121] 3) Laying metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh 3 tightly against the slope and fix it with anchor bolts 2;

[0122] 4) Laying the triaxial geogrid: Laying the triaxial geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2 and connecting and fixing it to the anchor rods 2;

[0123] 5) Set up a square solid cavity: Fold up both ends of the three-dimensional geogrid to form a square solid cavity 4. Use nylon buckles 8 to connect and fix the square solid cavity 4 to the anchor rod 2. Use n-shaped components 7 to fix the square solid cavity 4 to the rock slope body 1.

[0124] 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: After mixing biological mud with coarse soil with a particle size of 4.00 mm to 8.00 mm at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, the mixture is filled into square solid cavity 4 in layers. Then, soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution are mixed on site at a certain volume ratio to prepare soybean enzyme treatment solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse soil layer every 8 hours for solidification treatment, for a total of 15 treatments, to form biological solidified coarse soil layer 5. Subsequently, vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on top of biological solidified coarse soil layer 5 to form vegetation restoration layer. Vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds. The plant seeds are tall fescue, ryegrass and broadleaf paspa in a seed ratio of 3:2:1.

[0125] 7) Vegetation Maintenance: After the vegetation restoration layer is completed, subsequent maintenance of the vegetation is required, including watering, fertilization, pest and disease control, and replanting. Specifically, after the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil daily to keep it moist and ensure that the vegetation can germinate and sprout. Five days after the plants emerge, supplement the soil with compound nutrient solution every seven days and spray insecticides as needed to prevent pests and diseases. Afterward, replant the vegetation in a timely manner according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0126] It should be noted that in actual construction, the types of plant seeds mixed in the vegetation base layer can be one type of plant seeds or multiple types of plant seeds. The selection and proportion of seeds should be determined according to the climate of the construction area.

[0127] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes based on bio-solidification technology, characterized in that: The application relates to a rock slope body (1), an anchor rod (2), a metal net (3), a square solid cavity (4), a biological solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5), a vegetation base layer (6) and an eta-shaped component (7). The metal net (3) is laid on the surface of the rock slope body (1) and is fixed on the surface of the rock slope body (1) through a plurality of anchor rods (2). The plurality of anchor rods (2) are arranged in rows in the lateral direction and in columns in the longitudinal direction of the rock slope body (1) and are punched into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body (1). The square solid cavity (4) is fixedly connected with the rock slope body (1) through the eta-shaped component (7) embedded in the rock body. The biological solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5) is formed by spraying a bean enzyme treatment liquid on the coarse-grained soil containing biological slurry in the square solid cavity (4). The vegetation base layer (6) is sprayed on the upper surface of the biological solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5). The coarse-grained soil is a sand and gravel material with a particle size of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, and the laying thickness is 30 mm to 50 mm. The bean enzyme treatment liquid is prepared by mixing bean enzyme liquid and cementing liquid at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:

1. The cementing liquid contains calcium chloride and urea with equal molar concentration, and the molar concentration of the two is 2.0 M to 4.0 M. The spraying frequency of the bean enzyme treatment liquid is 10 to 20 times. The mass ratio of the biological slurry to the coarse-grained soil is 1:1 to 1:

3.

2. The high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral arrangement interval of the anchor rod (2) is 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and the longitudinal arrangement interval is 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

3. The high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square solid cavity (4) is composed of three-directional geogrids arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods (2). The three-directional geogrids are connected with the anchor rods (2) through nylon buckles (8). The mesh size of the three-directional geogrids is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

4. The high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation base layer (6) contains nutrient soil and plant seeds. The nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus soil and garden soil at a ratio of 3:2:

1. The plant seeds are selected from one or more of blackgrass, tall fescue, kikuyu grass and broadleaf munro.

5. The high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eta-shaped component (7) is formed by bending a reinforcing steel bar, and the length is 30 cm to 50 cm.

6. The high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological slurry is obtained through the following steps: Step 1): A liquid medium of bacillus pasteurii is prepared, the medium contains 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH=9.25, and then is placed in a 120 DEG C sterilization pot for 12 h to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria; Step 2): Bacillus pasteurii is inoculated on the sterilized medium; Step 3): The bacillus pasteurii liquid is obtained by culturing in a constant-temperature 30 DEG C, constant-speed 150 rpm oscillation shaker for 12 h to 24 h; Step 4): The bacillus pasteurii liquid is mixed with cementing liquid with a concentration of 2.0 M at a volume ratio of 1:1, and then is stirred for 6 h, and then is placed for 1 h; Step 5): The supernatant after standing is poured out, and the remaining precipitate is the required biological slurry.

7. The high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bean enzyme liquid is extracted through the following steps: Step 1): After drying, crushing and grinding, dried soybeans are obtained to obtain bean powder; Step 2): A certain mass of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O is dissolved in tap water to prepare an extract solution with a concentration of 0.5-3.0 g / L; Step 3): A certain mass of raw bean powder is poured into the extract solution, stirred and dissolved to prepare a mixed solution with a bean powder content of 100 g / L, and then left to stand for 12 h; Step 4): The supernatant is collected and centrifuged in a centrifuge with the following parameters: speed 3000 rpm, temperature 4℃, and time 5-15 min. The liquid after centrifugation is the desired bean enzyme solution.

8. A construction method of a high steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biological solidification technology according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: 1) Construction preparation: including measurement of the line, slope cleaning, material preparation; 2) Anchor rod construction: the anchor rod (2) is vertically driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope (1), the anchor rod (2) is arranged in rows transversely and in columns longitudinally along the rock slope (1), the transverse arrangement interval is 1.5-3.0 m, and the longitudinal arrangement interval is 2.0-4.0 m; 3) Laying metal mesh: laying metal mesh (3) closely against the slope surface and connecting and fixing it through anchor rod (2); 4) Laying three-way geogrid: laying three-way geogrid between adjacent two rows of anchor rods (2) and connecting and fixing it with anchor rod (2); 5) Setting square solid cavity: folding the two ends of the three-way geogrid to form a square solid cavity (4), connecting and fixing the square solid cavity (4) with the anchor rod (2) by using nylon buckle (8), and fixing the square solid cavity (4) on the rock slope (1) by using η-shaped component (7); 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: mixing and stirring biological slurry and coarse-grained soil with a particle size of 2.00-8.00 mm in a mass ratio of 1:1-1:3, then filling the mixture into the square solid cavity (4) in layers, then mixing and preparing bean enzyme treatment liquid on site by mixing bean enzyme liquid with cementing liquid in a certain volume ratio, spraying and curing the coarse-grained soil layer with the bean enzyme treatment liquid every 6-12 h, a total of 10-20 times, to form a biological solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5); then, spraying and seeding a vegetation base layer (6) on the biological solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5) to form a vegetation restoration layer, the vegetation base layer (6) containing nutrient soil and plant seeds, the plant seeds being selected from one or more of rye grass, tall fescue, kikuyu grass, and broadleaf sprangletop seeds; 7) Vegetation maintenance: after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, subsequent maintenance of the vegetation is required, including watering, fertilization, pest control, and plant reseeding; specifically, after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, the soil is watered daily to ensure soil moisture, ensuring that the vegetation can germinate and sprout; 5-10 days after the plants sprout, the soil is supplemented with compound nutrient solution every 7-14 days, and insecticides are sprayed according to the actual situation to prevent pests; then, reseeding is performed in a timely manner according to the growth and wilting of the plants, ensuring the continuity of slope ecological restoration.

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