Moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of building wall body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building walls, in particular to a building wall damp-proof heat preservation structure which comprises a heat preservation base plate, a composite damp-proof layer, a ventilation interlayer, a vertical flow guide groove, a sealing connecting assembly, an elastic sealing ring, a waterproof clamping groove, a reflection heat insulation layer, a fireproof isolation layer and a leveling cavity. The composite damp-proof layer is tightly attached to the outer side of the heat preservation base plate and is formed by alternately stacking 3-5 layers of polyethylene hydrophobic films with nano-silicon dioxide coatings and microporous ePTFE breathable films according to the thickness ratio of 1: 2, dynamic balance of external prevention and internal permeation is formed, rainwater invasion is blocked, and dew formation and mildew caused by moisture accumulation in a wall are avoided. Furthermore, the change of the sectional area of the vertical flow guide groove of the outer ventilation interlayer generates a Venturi effect, and the technical effect of accelerating discharge of moisture in the wall body can be achieved, so that the phenomenon that the wall body falls off due to the fact that the wall body is in a high-humidity state for a long time is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building walls, in particular to a moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall. Background Art

[0002] Building walls are one of the main components of buildings. According to their position and function in the building, walls can be divided into exterior walls and interior walls. The exterior wall is the boundary between the building and the external environment. It mainly protects the main structure of the building, insulates heat, prevents water and moisture, insulates and reduces noise, and beautifies the appearance of the building. The practical significance of building exterior walls is reflected in many aspects. The first is energy conservation and emission reduction. Exterior wall insulation technology can effectively reduce building energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For example, a 30mm thick insulation layer can save 20%-30%, which is of great significance to achieving the goal of a low-carbon economy. The second is to improve living comfort. Modern exterior wall technology has significantly improved the quality of the indoor environment through functions such as insulation, sound insulation and moisture resistance, providing residents with more comfortable living conditions.

[0003] In the prior art, the exterior walls of buildings are usually fixed to the interior wall surface by adhesive materials such as cement mortar. Although this method is simple to construct and has low cost, its firmness and durability have obvious defects. First, the bonding strength of cement mortar is limited. Especially when exposed to the natural environment for a long time, the exterior wall is easily eroded by external factors such as sunlight, rain, and wind erosion. As time goes by, the cement mortar will gradually age and become brittle, causing the bonding layer to crack or even fall off. This problem is particularly prominent in areas with harsh climatic conditions. For example, in northern regions with large temperature differences or southern regions with high humidity, when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, the temperature gradient inside the exterior wall will cause water vapor to condense in the gap inside the wall to form water droplets. The accumulation of condensed water will not only reduce the performance of the thermal insulation material, but also keep the wall in a humid state for a long time, further aggravate the degradation of the cement mortar bonding layer, and increase the risk of cracking and falling off of the exterior wall. More seriously, the falling of the exterior wall will not only damage the appearance of the building and reduce the service life of the building, but also may cause safety hazards to pedestrians and surrounding facilities.

[0004] In view of this, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure for a building wall. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a moisture-proof and heat-insulating building wall structure described in the present invention comprises:

[0006] A heat-insulating substrate, wherein the heat-insulating substrate is composed of a closed-cell foam material to form a main heat-insulating layer;

[0007] A composite moisture-proof layer, which is arranged on the outside of the thermal insulation substrate and comprises alternately stacked hydrophobic films and breathable films;

[0008] A ventilation interlayer is arranged outside the composite moisture-proof layer and forms an air convection channel through vertical guide grooves distributed at intervals;

[0009] The sealing connection component is arranged on the edges of the structure and comprises a compressible elastic sealing ring and a waterproof card slot.

[0010] Preferably, the thermal insulation substrate comprises a polyurethane foam core layer and a flame retardant glass fiber cloth covering the core layer.

[0011] Preferably, the hydrophobic film in the composite moisture-proof layer is a polyethylene film containing a nano-silicon dioxide coating, and the breathable film is an ePTFE film with a microporous structure, and the two are alternately stacked in 3-5 layers at a thickness ratio of 1:2.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical guide grooves are arranged continuously in a wave shape, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 10-15 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the sealing connection assembly adopts a mortise and tenon joint structure, comprising:

[0014] The male connection part is provided with a trapezoidal protrusion and a built-in magnetic strip;

[0015] The female connection part is provided with matching trapezoidal grooves and conductive positions;

[0016] The elastic sealing ring is made of EPDM rubber, and the compression rebound rate is greater than 85%.

[0017] Preferably, a reflective heat-insulating layer is further provided on the outer side of the thermal insulation substrate, and the reflective heat-insulating layer is composed of a composite material of aluminum foil and glass fiber.

[0018] Preferably, a fireproof isolation layer is provided between the reflective heat insulation layer and the thermal insulation substrate, and the fireproof isolation layer is a composite structure composed of expanded graphite and ceramic fibers.

[0019] Preferably, a leveling cavity is provided between the thermal insulation substrate and the inner wall, and the leveling cavity is filled with phase change temperature regulating particles, the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm, and the phase change temperature range is 18-25°C.

[0020] Preferably, a self-cleaning layer is provided on the outside of the composite moisture-proof layer, and the self-cleaning layer comprises a base layer composed of a fluorocarbon resin composite coating and a purification layer located on the outer surface of the base layer and doped with TiO2 photocatalytic nanoparticles.

[0021] Preferably, a distributed sensor array is also embedded and installed in the heat-insulating substrate, and the sensor array includes a combination unit of a capacitive humidity sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The composite moisture-proof layer is closely attached to the outside of the thermal insulation substrate, and is composed of 3-5 layers of polyethylene hydrophobic film with nano-silicon dioxide coating and microporous ePTFE breathable film alternately stacked in a thickness ratio of 1:2. The surface contact angle of the hydrophobic film is 150°, which can actively repel liquid water penetration, while the 0.2-1μm microporous structure of the breathable membrane allows water vapor to diffuse unidirectionally, forming a dynamic balance of "outside protection and inside penetration", which not only blocks rainwater intrusion but also avoids condensation and mildew caused by moisture accumulation inside the wall; further, the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical guide groove of the outer ventilation interlayer produces a Venturi effect, which can also accelerate the discharge of moisture in the wall, thereby avoiding the wall falling off due to long-term high humidity.

[0024] 2. When the indoor temperature fluctuates, the particles absorb or release latent heat through solid-liquid phase change, absorbing excess indoor heat during the day to delay temperature rise, and releasing heat at night to compensate for temperature drop, thereby improving the thermal inertia of the wall and reducing the amplitude of indoor temperature fluctuations; the leveling cavity and the outer insulation substrate form a dual temperature control system of "active energy storage + passive insulation", and the solar radiation reflection effect of the reflective insulation layer can delay the indoor peak temperature by 3-5 hours in summer, thereby improving the comfort of the people staying there. The filling of phase change particles also compensates for construction and installation errors, and realizes adaptive leveling of the wall base through particle fluidity, adapting to building bases of different flatness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from another perspective;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structure explosion diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. thermal insulation substrate; 2. composite moisture-proof layer; 3. hydrophobic membrane; 4. breathable membrane; 5. ventilation interlayer; 6. vertical guide groove; 7. sealing connection assembly; 8. elastic sealing ring; 9. waterproof card slot; 10. male connection part; 11. female connection part; 13. reflective insulation layer; 14. fireproof isolation layer; 15. leveling cavity; 16. self-cleaning layer; 17. base layer; 18. purification layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a building wall moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure, comprising:

[0033] A heat-insulating substrate 1, wherein the heat-insulating substrate 1 is composed of a closed-cell foam material to form a main heat-insulating layer;

[0034] A composite moisture-proof layer 2, which is arranged on the outside of the thermal insulation substrate 1 and comprises alternately stacked hydrophobic films 3 and breathable films 4;

[0035] A ventilation interlayer 5, which is arranged outside the composite moisture-proof layer 2 and forms an air convection channel through vertical guide grooves 6 distributed at intervals;

[0036] The sealing connection component 7 is arranged on the edges of the structure and includes a compressible elastic sealing ring 8 and a waterproof card slot 9.

[0037] As an embodiment of the present invention, the thermal insulation substrate 1 comprises a polyurethane foam core layer and a flame retardant glass fiber cloth covering the core layer.

[0038] As an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophobic film 3 in the composite moisture-proof layer 2 is a polyethylene film containing a nano-silicon dioxide coating, and the breathable film 4 is an ePTFE film with a microporous structure, and the two are alternately stacked in 3-5 layers with a thickness ratio of 1:2.

[0039] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the vertical guide grooves 6 are arranged continuously in a wave shape, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 10-15 cm.

[0040] As an embodiment of the present invention, the sealing connection assembly 7 adopts a mortise and tenon joint structure, comprising:

[0041] The male connecting portion 10 is provided with a trapezoidal protrusion and a built-in magnetic attraction strip;

[0042] The female connecting part 11 is provided with matching trapezoidal grooves and conductive positions;

[0043] The elastic sealing ring 8 is made of EPDM rubber, and its compression rebound rate is greater than 85%.

[0044] When the structure is applied to the exterior wall of a building, the thermal insulation substrate 1 serves as the core insulation layer, and a closed-cell polyurethane foam core layer is used to form a honeycomb microporous structure, with a closed-cell rate of more than 95% and a thermal conductivity as low as 0.033W / (m·K), which effectively blocks the heat conduction path, while the flame-retardant glass fiber cloth coated on the outer layer further improves the compressive strength and flame retardancy of the thermal insulation substrate 1 through an inorganic fiber network. When encountering an open flame, the surface carbonized layer can isolate oxygen and prevent the spread of flames; the composite moisture-proof layer 2 is closely attached to the outer side of the thermal insulation substrate 1, and is composed of 3-5 layers of a polyethylene hydrophobic film 3 coated with a nano-silicon dioxide coating and a microporous ePTFE breathable film 4 alternately stacked in a thickness ratio of 1:2, wherein the surface contact angle of the hydrophobic film 3 is 150°, which can actively repel liquid water penetration, while the microporous structure of the breathable film 40.2-1μm allows water vapor to diffuse unidirectionally, forming a dynamic balance of "external protection and internal penetration", which not only blocks rainwater intrusion but also avoids moisture accumulation inside the wall. Condensation and mildew; further, the outer ventilation interlayer 5 constructs an aerodynamic system through the wavy vertical guide groove 6. The continuous wavy groove body with an adjacent spacing of 10-15cm is optimized by fluid mechanics. When the natural wind flows through the wavy cross-section in summer, the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical guide groove 6 produces a Venturi effect, which has the technical effect of accelerating the discharge of moisture from the interlayer, thereby avoiding the wall falling off due to long-term high humidity; the edges of the structure are connected by mortise and tenon type sealing connection components 7, the trapezoidal protrusion of the male connection part 10 and the built-in NdFeB magnetic strip can accurately align the trapezoidal groove and nickel-plated conductive position of the female connection part 11, and magnetic suction is used to assist in rapid positioning during installation, and the EPDM rubber elastic sealing ring 8 with a compression rebound rate greater than 85% forms a deformation adaptive sealing interface, thereby enhancing the sealing effect at the joint, preventing the possibility of rainwater entering the structure from the joint, and improving the service life of the building wall.

[0045] As an embodiment of the present invention, a reflective heat-insulating layer 13 is further disposed on the outer side of the thermal insulation substrate 1 , and the reflective heat-insulating layer 13 is made of a composite material of aluminum foil and glass fiber.

[0046] As an embodiment of the present invention, a fireproof isolation layer 14 is provided between the reflective heat insulation layer 13 and the thermal insulation substrate 1 , and the fireproof isolation layer 14 is a composite structure composed of expanded graphite and ceramic fibers.

[0047] During operation, a fireproof isolation layer 14 and a reflective heat-insulating layer 13 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the thermal insulation substrate 1, wherein the fireproof isolation layer 14 is composed of a composite of expanded graphite and ceramic fiber. At room temperature, graphite particles are evenly distributed in the ceramic fiber skeleton to form a flexible heat-insulating layer. When encountering a fire, the expanded graphite expands to 300 times its original volume at a high temperature of 400°C, forming a dense carbonized layer to cover the surface of the ceramic fiber, isolating oxygen and blocking heat transfer, thereby improving the fire resistance limit of the building wall; the reflective heat-insulating layer 13 is made of aluminum foil and glass fiber composite material, and the surface of the aluminum foil is anodized to form a nano-scale honeycomb structure, with a solar radiation reflectivity of 92%. It can effectively reflect solar radiation heat in summer, and cooperate with the closed-cell polyurethane foam core layer of the thermal insulation substrate 1 to form a "reflection-barrier" double insulation system, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving the comprehensive thermal resistance value of the wall.

[0048] As an embodiment of the present invention, a leveling cavity 15 is provided between the thermal insulation substrate 1 and the inner wall, and the leveling cavity 15 is filled with phase change temperature regulating particles, the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm, and the phase change temperature range is 18-25°C.

[0049] During operation, the leveling cavity 15 arranged between the thermal insulation substrate 1 and the inner wall is filled with phase change temperature regulating particles with a particle size of 2-4mm. When the indoor temperature fluctuates, the particles absorb or release latent heat through solid-liquid phase change, absorb excess indoor heat during the day to delay temperature rise, and release heat at night to compensate for temperature drop, thereby improving the thermal inertia of the wall and reducing the amplitude of indoor temperature fluctuations; the leveling cavity 15 and the outer thermal insulation substrate 1 form a dual temperature control system of "active energy storage + passive insulation", and with the solar radiation reflection effect of the reflective insulation layer 13, the indoor peak temperature can be delayed by 3-5 hours in summer, thereby improving the comfort of the people staying therein, and the filling of phase change particles also compensates for construction and installation errors, and realizes adaptive leveling of the wall base through particle fluidity, adapting to building base surfaces of different flatness.

[0050] As an embodiment of the present invention, a self-cleaning layer 16 is provided on the outside of the composite moisture-proof layer 2. The self-cleaning layer 16 comprises a base layer 17 composed of a fluorocarbon resin composite coating and a purification layer 18 located on the outer surface of the base layer 17 and doped with TiO2 photocatalytic nanoparticles.

[0051] When working, the self-cleaning layer 16 added to the outside of the composite moisture-proof layer 2 is composed of a base layer 17 of a fluorocarbon resin composite coating and a purification layer 18 doped with TiO2 photocatalytic nanoparticles, wherein the surface of the base layer 17 is treated with a micro-nano structure to form a low surface energy interface, and a "lotus effect" can be achieved when washed by rainwater, so that more than 90% of the surface stains automatically roll off with the water flow; the outer purification layer 18 generates hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions under the excitation of ultraviolet rays or visible light, which can effectively decompose organic pollutants such as PM2.5 and oil stains attached to the wall, and kill 99.6% of mold spores and algae, fundamentally inhibiting the formation of biofilm on the wall surface; the self-cleaning layer 16 and the nano-hydrophobic film 3 of the inner composite moisture-proof layer 2 form a synergistic protection system, while resisting the penetration of wind pressure and rainwater, the organic impurities in the water that penetrate into the micropores are continuously decomposed through photocatalysis, which plays a role in avoiding the clogging of the micropores of the composite moisture-proof layer 2 and causing the moisture permeability to decay.

[0052] As an embodiment of the present invention, a distributed sensor array is also embedded and installed in the heat-insulating substrate 1, and the sensor array includes a combination unit of a capacitive humidity sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

[0053] During operation, a distributed sensor array is implanted in the thermal insulation substrate 1 at a density of 5-8 sensors per square meter to capture the humidity fluctuation inside the thermal insulation substrate 1 in real time, and detect the temperature field distribution of the thermal insulation substrate 1 in a non-contact manner; the sensor data is integrated into the edge computing gateway through a flexible circuit. When the sensor detects that the local humidity has been exceeding the set threshold for a long time, an alarm is issued to facilitate timely maintenance by the staff.

[0054] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and significant advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may also be modified and improved to adapt to different usage environments and customer needs. These modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure for a building wall, characterized in that: include: A heat-insulating substrate (1), wherein the heat-insulating substrate (1) has a main heat-insulating layer formed of a closed-cell foam material; A composite moisture-proof layer (2), the composite moisture-proof layer (2) being arranged on the outside of the thermal insulation substrate (1), and comprising alternately stacked hydrophobic films (3) and breathable films (4); A ventilation interlayer (5), the ventilation interlayer (5) being arranged outside the composite moisture-proof layer (2) and forming an air convection channel through vertical guide grooves (6) distributed at intervals; A sealing connection component (7) is arranged on the edges of the structure and comprises a compressible elastic sealing ring (8) and a waterproof card slot (9).

2. A moisture-proof and heat-insulating building wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation substrate (1) comprises a polyurethane foam core layer and a flame retardant glass fiber cloth covering the core layer.

3. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophobic film (3) in the composite moisture-proof layer (2) is a polyethylene film containing a nano-silicon dioxide coating, and the breathable film (4) is an ePTFE film with a microporous structure, and the two are alternately stacked in 3-5 layers at a thickness ratio of 1:

2.

4. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical guide grooves (6) are arranged continuously in a wave shape, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 10-15 cm.

5. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing connection assembly (7) adopts a mortise and tenon type plug-in structure, comprising: The male connecting portion (10) is provided with a trapezoidal protrusion and a built-in magnetic attraction strip; The female connecting portion (11) is provided with a matching trapezoidal groove and a conductive position; The elastic sealing ring (8) is made of EPDM rubber, and has a compression rebound rate greater than 85%.

6. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 2, characterized in that: A reflective heat-insulating layer (13) is also provided on the outer side of the heat-insulating substrate (1), and the reflective heat-insulating layer (13) is made of a composite material of aluminum foil and glass fiber.

7. A moisture-proof and heat-insulating building wall structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fireproof insulation layer (14) is provided between the reflective heat insulation layer (13) and the heat-insulating substrate (1), and the fireproof insulation layer (14) is a composite structure composed of expanded graphite and ceramic fibers.

8. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: A leveling cavity (15) is provided between the thermal insulation substrate (1) and the inner wall, and the leveling cavity (15) is filled with phase change temperature regulating particles, the particle diameter of the particles is 2-4 mm, and the phase change temperature range is 18-25°C.

9. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: A self-cleaning layer (16) is provided on the outer side of the composite moisture-proof layer (2), wherein the self-cleaning layer (16) comprises a base layer (17) formed of a fluorocarbon resin composite coating and a purification layer (18) located on the outer surface of the base layer (17) and doped with TiO2 photocatalytic nanoparticles.

10. The moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure of a building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distributed sensor array is also embedded and installed in the heat-insulating substrate (1), and the sensor array comprises a combination unit of a capacitive humidity sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

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