Casing head with pressure relief structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum mechanical equipment, in particular to a casing head with a pressure relief structure, which comprises an upper protective shell, the bottom of the upper protective shell is fixedly connected with a lower protective shell, and the inner side of the upper protective shell is provided with a pressure relief assembly for pressure relief of the casing head. A pressure relief assembly is arranged on the upper protective shell, a sliding assembly used for relieving pressure along with the drill rod is arranged in the pressure relief assembly, a cleaning plate used for cleaning silt and dust on the inner side is arranged on the inner side of the upper protective shell, and a pressure relief column used for gas flow in the drill rod is arranged on the outer side of the cleaning plate. The pressure relief assembly and the sliding assembly are used for completing pressure relief in the operation process of the drill rod, and meanwhile the cleaning plate and the pressure relief column are used for cleaning silt and dust on the inner side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum mechanical equipment, in particular to a casing head with a pressure relief structure. Background Art

[0002] The casing head is used to fix the wellhead of the drilled well, connect the wellhead casing string, support the gravity of the technical casing and the oil layer casing, seal the annular space between the layers of pipes, provide a transition connection for the installation of the blowout preventer, tubing head, and Christmas tree, and through the two side ports on the casing head body, operations such as supplementary mud squeezing, monitoring, and filling of balancing fluid can be carried out;

[0003] The Chinese announcement number is: CN116927708B, which discloses a casing head with a pressure relief structure, including a casing head body and a supporting and fixing mechanism, wherein the casing head body includes a first casing head assembly and a second casing head assembly, and the first casing head assembly and the second casing head assembly are detachably connected, and the supporting and fixing mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the first casing head assembly, and is used to support and fix the casing head body, thereby improving the stability of the casing head body. The casing head with a pressure relief structure can detect the pressure inside the first casing head assembly through a first pressure detector, and relieve the pressure inside the first casing head assembly through the combination of a pressure relief channel and a pressure relief box, and can detect the pressure inside the second connecting casing shell through a second pressure detector, and relieve the pressure inside the second connecting casing shell through a pressure relief nozzle, so that the pressure inside the casing head body will not be too high, thereby avoiding more adverse effects on the oil well;

[0004] Although the above patent uses the pressure relief channel and the pressure relief box to relieve the pressure inside the first casing head assembly, solving the problem of the casing head loosening due to excessive internal pressure, it is considered that the casing head of oil drilling will cause some sediment to accumulate inside during long-term use, and it is easy to cause internal blockage during the pressure relief process, resulting in gas stagnation and pressure relief failure;

[0005] In view of this, we propose a casing head with a pressure relief structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a casing head with a pressure relief structure to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a casing head with a pressure relief structure, comprising an upper protective shell, the bottom of the upper protective shell is fixedly connected to a lower protective shell, a pressure relief assembly for casing head pressure relief is arranged on the inner side of the upper protective shell, a sliding assembly for following drill pipe pressure relief is arranged in the pressure relief assembly, a cleaning plate for cleaning mud and dust inside is arranged on the inner side of the upper protective shell, and a pressure relief column for gas flow in the drill pipe is arranged on the outer side of the cleaning plate, wherein:

[0008] Through the operation of the drill rod and the drill bit, the pressure relief component and the sliding component are used to complete the pressure relief during the operation of the drill rod, and the cleaning plate and the pressure relief column are used to complete the cleaning of the inner mud, sand and dust.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper protective shell is connected to the lower protective shell by bolts, the outer wall of the lower protective shell is fixedly connected with a fixing ring, the upper inner wall of the upper protective shell is fixedly connected with an upper sealing cover, and the lower inner wall of the lower protective shell is fixedly connected with a lower sealing cover.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pressure relief column is rotatably connected to the inner sides of the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell, an air outlet is opened on the outer wall of the pressure relief column, an inner ratchet gear ring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the pressure relief column, a cleaning plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the inner ratchet gear ring, and a cleaning strip is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cleaning plate.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure relief assembly includes a lower pressure column and a sliding assembly, the top of the lower pressure column is fixedly connected to a sealing ring, the outer side of the sealing ring is provided with a snap-fit ​​piece, and the snap-fit ​​piece is snap-connected to an upper sealing cover.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a partition is arranged on the outside of the pressure relief assembly, the sliding assembly includes a connecting column, the top of the connecting column is fixedly connected to a hexagonal piece, each surface of the hexagonal piece is provided with a strip groove, and a sliding piece No. 1 and a sliding piece No. 2 are arranged on the outside of the hexagonal piece.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a No. 1 sliding bar and a No. 2 sliding bar are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the No. 1 sliding member and the No. 2 sliding member, and the No. 1 sliding bar and the No. 2 sliding bar are slidably connected to a plurality of bar grooves, and a plurality of the No. 1 sliding members and a plurality of the No. 2 sliding members are combined into a cylindrical shape.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stepped groove is provided on the inner side of the hexagonal piece, a spring is provided at the bottom of the stepped groove, a sliding column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring, and the sliding column is slidably connected to the inner side of the connecting column.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tops of the No. 1 sliding bar and the No. 2 sliding bar are slidably connected to the bottom of the connecting column, and the outer walls of the No. 1 sliding bar and the No. 2 sliding bar are in contact with the inner wall of the partition in the unfolded state.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first chamber is formed between the sliding assembly and the partition, a second chamber is formed between the partition and the pressure relief column, and the first chamber and the second chamber are connected to each other through the position between the top of the partition and the upper sealing cover.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sliding column is fixedly connected to the top of the lower sealing cover.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. In the casing head with a pressure relief structure, when the drill rod rotates and moves downward, the drill rod will drive the connecting column to slide downward through a certain friction force. At this time, when the connecting column moves downward, the No. 1 sliding member and the No. 2 sliding member will shrink inward and gradually move away from the hexagonal member and compress the spring, which increases the distance between the No. 1 sliding member and the No. 2 sliding member and the partition. This allows the staff to open the air vent to relieve pressure by rotating the wheels on both sides of the casing head during the downward drilling of the drill rod.

[0020] 2. In the casing head with a pressure relief structure, the roller disk inside the pressure relief column drives the ratchet gear ring to rotate on the inner side of the lower pressure column through electric drive, and the cleaning strip slides in the ratchet gear groove on the inner side of the inner ratchet gear ring under the rotation of the inner ratchet gear ring, and multiple cleaning strips continuously slide between the pressure relief column and the partition plate, so that the internal mud and sand continuously flow, so as to prevent mud and sand from clogging and causing the situation that the pressure cannot be relieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of a casing head with a pressure relief structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is an overall cross-sectional schematic diagram of a casing head with a pressure relief structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic internal stereoscopic diagram of a casing head with a pressure relief structure according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a pressure relief component of a casing head with a pressure relief structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cleaning ring of a casing head with a pressure relief structure according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pressure relief component of the casing head with a pressure relief structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional unfolding schematic diagram of the sliding assembly of the casing head with a pressure relief structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the interior of the cleaning ring of the casing head with a pressure relief structure of the present invention;

[0029] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0030] 1. Upper protective shell; 11. Lower protective shell; 12. Fixed ring; 13. Upper sealing cover; 14. Lower sealing cover; 15. Inner ratchet gear ring; 16. Cleaning plate; 161. Cleaning strip; 17. Pressure relief column; 171. Air vent; 2. Pressure relief assembly; 21. Lower pressure column; 22. Sealing ring; 221. Fastener; 23. Partition; 24. Sliding assembly; 241. Connecting column; 2411. Hexagonal piece; 2412. Strip groove; 242. Sliding piece No. 1; 2421. Sliding strip No. 1; 243. Sliding piece No. 2; 2431. Sliding strip No. 2; 2413. Step groove; 25. Sliding column; 251. Spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0034] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0035] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

[0036] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, the present embodiment provides a casing head with a pressure relief structure, including an upper protective shell 1, the bottom of the upper protective shell 1 is fixedly connected to a lower protective shell 11, a pressure relief assembly 2 for casing head pressure relief is arranged on the inner side of the upper protective shell 1, a sliding assembly 24 for following the drill pipe pressure relief is arranged in the pressure relief assembly 2, a cleaning plate 16 for cleaning the inner side of the upper protective shell 1 is arranged, and a pressure relief column 17 for gas flow in the drill pipe is arranged on the outer side of the cleaning plate 16, wherein: through the operation of the drill pipe and the drill bit, the pressure relief during the operation of the drill pipe is completed by using the pressure relief assembly 2 and the sliding assembly 24, and the cleaning of the inner side of the mud, sand and dust is completed by using the cleaning plate 16 and the pressure relief column 17.

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 2 and Figure 8As shown, the upper protective shell 1 and the lower protective shell 11 are connected by bolts, the outer wall of the lower protective shell 11 is fixedly connected with a fixing ring 12, the upper inner wall of the upper end of the upper protective shell 1 is fixedly connected with an upper sealing cover 13, and the lower inner wall of the lower end of the lower protective shell 11 is fixedly connected with a lower sealing cover 14. The upper and lower protective shells 1 and 11 are rotatably connected with a pressure relief column 17 on the inner side, and an air outlet hole 171 is provided on the outer wall of the pressure relief column 17. The inner side of the pressure relief column 17 is fixedly connected with an inner ratchet gear ring 15, and the inner side of the inner ratchet gear ring 15 is slidably connected with a cleaning plate 16, and the inner side of the cleaning plate 16 is fixedly connected with a cleaning bar 161, which is cylindrical and has a certain gap with the cleaning plate 16. When the mud and sand pass through the gap between the cleaning bar 161 and the cleaning plate 16, the cleaning plate 16 is used to slide back and forth so that the mud and sand inside the second chamber are always stirred, so that the mud and sand are always in a flowing state.

[0038] Wherein: the cleaning plate 16 is slidably connected to the top of the lower sealing cover 14, and the cleaning plate 16 has an elastic telescopic rod on the inner side of the lower sealing cover 14 to always pull the cleaning plate 16 outward, so that the cleaning plate 16 always slides on the inner ratchet gear groove position of the inner ratchet gear ring 15, and the cleaning plate 16 can be slid on the inner ratchet gear groove during the rotation of the inner ratchet gear ring 15.

[0039] like Figure 3-Figure 4 and Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the pressure relief component 2 includes a lower pressure column 21 and a sliding component 24. The top of the lower pressure column 21 is fixedly connected with a sealing ring 22. A snap-fitting piece 221 is arranged on the outer side of the sealing ring 22. The snap-fitting piece 221 is snap-fitted with the upper sealing cover 13. The upper sealing cover 13 is a detachable component. After long-term use, when the mud, sand and gravel in the first chamber and the second chamber need to be cleaned later, the upper sealing cover 13 can be removed. A partition plate 23 is arranged on the outer side of the pressure relief component 2. The sliding component 24 includes a connecting column 241. When the drill bit is drilling, it drives the connecting column 241. When 241 slides up and down, the connecting column 241 sliding downward will squeeze the sliding column 25, and at the same time, the No. 1 sliding piece 242 and the No. 2 sliding piece 243 will shrink inward, so that the space for the mud and sand to flow in the first chamber becomes larger. On the contrary, when the drill rod is recovered, the No. 1 sliding piece 242 and the No. 2 sliding piece 243 will be at the widest position of the outer wall of the hexagonal piece 2411, and multiple No. 1 sliding pieces 242 and No. 2 sliding pieces 243 will form a complete cylinder, so that the space in the first chamber becomes smaller, so as to prevent the internal pressure from being too high during the recovery of the drill rod, causing the internal mud and sand to splash;

[0040] The top of the connecting column 241 is fixedly connected with a hexagonal piece 2411, and each surface of the hexagonal piece 2411 is provided with a strip groove 2412. A No. 1 sliding piece 242 and a No. 2 sliding piece 243 are arranged on the outside of the hexagonal piece 2411. The inside of the No. 1 sliding piece 242 and the No. 2 sliding piece 243 is fixedly connected with a No. 1 sliding bar 2421 and a No. 2 sliding bar 2431. The No. 1 sliding bar 2421 and the No. 2 sliding bar 2431 are slidably connected to the multiple strip grooves 2412. The multiple No. 1 sliding pieces 242 and the multiple No. 2 sliding pieces 243 are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the No. 1 sliding piece 242 and the No. 2 sliding piece 243. The No. 1 sliding piece 243 is combined into a cylindrical shape, a stepped groove 2413 is provided on the inner side of the hexagonal piece 2411, a spring 251 is provided at the bottom of the stepped groove 2413, a sliding column 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring 251, the sliding column 25 is slidably connected to the inner side of the connecting column 241, the top of the No. 1 sliding bar 2421 and the No. 2 sliding bar 2431 are slidably connected to the bottom of the connecting column 241, and the outer walls of the No. 1 sliding bar 2421 and the No. 2 sliding bar 2431 are in contact with the inner wall of the partition 23 in the unfolded state.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, a first chamber is formed between the sliding assembly 24 and the partition 23, and a second chamber is formed between the partition 23 and the pressure relief column 17. The first chamber and the second chamber are interconnected through the position between the top of the partition 23 and the upper sealing cover 13. The sliding column 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the lower sealing cover 14. The mud and sand will flow upward from the borehole to the position between the connection 241 and the sliding column 25, and flow to the first chamber, and make the internal gas flow to the second chamber, and finally be discharged from the outlet 171.

[0042] From this we can see that Figure 2-Figure 8 As shown, when the staff fixes the fixing ring 12 of the lower protective shell 11 on the ground at the position where the hole needs to be drilled, and the drill rod rotates and moves downward, the drill rod will drive the connecting column 241 to slide downward through a certain friction force. At this time, when the connecting column 241 moves downward, the No. 1 sliding member 242 and the No. 2 sliding member 243 will shrink inward and gradually move away from the hexagonal member 2411 and compress the spring 251, which increases the distance between the No. 1 sliding member 242 and the No. 2 sliding member 243 and the partition 23. In the process of drilling the drill rod downward, the staff can open the air outlet 171 to release the pressure by rotating the wheels on both sides of the casing head;

[0043] At the same time, under the electric drive, the roller disk inside the pressure relief column 17 drives the inner ratchet gear ring 15 to rotate on the inner side of the lower pressure column 21, and under the rotation of the inner ratchet gear ring 15, the cleaning strip 161 slides in the ratchet gear groove on the inner side of the inner ratchet gear ring 15. When the cleaning strip 161 gradually slides from a smaller width position to a larger width position on the inner ratchet gear ring 15, it will drive the cleaning strip 161 to gradually approach the partition 23. At the same time, when the cleaning strip 161 slides to the critical position of the widest position of the inner ratchet gear ring 15, it will slide to the minimum width position, so that the cleaning strip 161 returns to its original position again. This makes multiple cleaning strips 161 continuously slide between the pressure relief column 17 and the partition 23, so that the internal mud and sand continue to flow, so as to prevent mud and sand from clogging and causing the situation that the pressure cannot be relieved.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A casing head with a pressure relief structure, comprising an upper protective shell (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the upper protective shell (1) is fixedly connected to the lower protective shell (11), the inner side of the upper protective shell (1) is provided with a pressure relief assembly (2) for relieving pressure on the casing head, the pressure relief assembly (2) is provided with a sliding assembly (24) for following the pressure relief of the drill pipe, the inner side of the upper protective shell (1) is provided with a cleaning plate (16) for cleaning the inner side of the mud, sand and dust, and the outer side of the cleaning plate (16) is provided with a pressure relief column (17) for the gas flow in the drill pipe, wherein: Through the operation of the drill rod and the drill bit, the pressure relief component (2) and the sliding component (24) are used to complete the pressure relief during the operation of the drill rod, and the cleaning plate (16) and the pressure relief column (17) are used to complete the cleaning of the mud, sand and dust inside.

2. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper protective shell (1) and the lower protective shell (11) are connected by bolts; the outer wall of the lower protective shell (11) is fixedly connected with a fixing ring (12); the upper inner wall of the upper protective shell (1) is fixedly connected with an upper sealing cover (13); and the lower inner wall of the lower protective shell (11) is fixedly connected with a lower sealing cover (14).

3. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pressure relief column (17) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the upper protective shell (1) and the lower protective shell (11); an air outlet hole (171) is provided on the outer wall of the pressure relief column (17); an inner ratchet gear ring (15) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the pressure relief column (17); a cleaning plate (16) is slidably connected to the inner side of the inner ratchet gear ring (15); and a cleaning strip (161) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cleaning plate (16).

4. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure relief assembly (2) comprises a lower pressure column (21) and a sliding assembly (24); a sealing ring (22) is fixedly connected to the top of the lower pressure column (21); a snap-fitting piece (221) is arranged on the outer side of the sealing ring (22); and the snap-fitting piece (221) is snap-fitted to the upper sealing cover (13).

5. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A partition plate (23) is arranged on the outside of the pressure relief component (2), and a connecting column (241) is included in the sliding component (24), and a hexagonal piece (2411) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting column (241), and each surface of the hexagonal piece (2411) is provided with a strip groove (2412), and a first sliding piece (242) and a second sliding piece (243) are arranged on the outside of the hexagonal piece (2411).

6. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first sliding bar (2421) and a second sliding bar (2431) are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the first sliding member (242) and the second sliding member (243); the first sliding bar (2421) and the second sliding bar (2431) are slidably connected to a plurality of bar grooves (2412); and a plurality of the first sliding members (242) and a plurality of the second sliding members (243) are combined into a cylindrical shape.

7. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A stepped groove (2413) is provided on the inner side of the hexagonal piece (2411), a spring (251) is provided at the bottom of the stepped groove (2413), a sliding column (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring (251), and the sliding column (25) is slidably connected to the inner side of the connecting column (241).

8. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tops of the first sliding bar (2421) and the second sliding bar (2431) are slidably connected to the bottom of the connecting column (241), and the outer walls of the first sliding bar (2421) and the second sliding bar (2431) are in contact with the inner wall of the partition (23) in the unfolded state.

9. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A first chamber is formed between the sliding assembly (24) and the partition (23), and a second chamber is formed between the partition (23) and the pressure relief column (17). The first chamber and the second chamber are connected to each other through the position between the top of the partition (23) and the upper sealing cover (13).

10. The casing head with a pressure relief structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sliding column (25) is fixedly connected to the top of the lower sealing cover (14).

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